ruby_snowflake_client 1.0.0

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/mod/module/module.go

@@ -0,0 +1,841 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package module defines the module.Version type along with support code.
+//
+// The module.Version type is a simple Path, Version pair:
+//
+//	type Version struct {
+//		Path string
+//		Version string
+//	}
+//
+// There are no restrictions imposed directly by use of this structure,
+// but additional checking functions, most notably Check, verify that
+// a particular path, version pair is valid.
+//
+// # Escaped Paths
+//
+// Module paths appear as substrings of file system paths
+// (in the download cache) and of web server URLs in the proxy protocol.
+// In general we cannot rely on file systems to be case-sensitive,
+// nor can we rely on web servers, since they read from file systems.
+// That is, we cannot rely on the file system to keep rsc.io/QUOTE
+// and rsc.io/quote separate. Windows and macOS don't.
+// Instead, we must never require two different casings of a file path.
+// Because we want the download cache to match the proxy protocol,
+// and because we want the proxy protocol to be possible to serve
+// from a tree of static files (which might be stored on a case-insensitive
+// file system), the proxy protocol must never require two different casings
+// of a URL path either.
+//
+// One possibility would be to make the escaped form be the lowercase
+// hexadecimal encoding of the actual path bytes. This would avoid ever
+// needing different casings of a file path, but it would be fairly illegible
+// to most programmers when those paths appeared in the file system
+// (including in file paths in compiler errors and stack traces)
+// in web server logs, and so on. Instead, we want a safe escaped form that
+// leaves most paths unaltered.
+//
+// The safe escaped form is to replace every uppercase letter
+// with an exclamation mark followed by the letter's lowercase equivalent.
+//
+// For example,
+//
+//	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go ->  github.com/!azure/azure-sdk-for-go.
+//	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloudsql-proxy -> github.com/!google!cloud!platform/cloudsql-proxy
+//	github.com/Sirupsen/logrus -> github.com/!sirupsen/logrus.
+//
+// Import paths that avoid upper-case letters are left unchanged.
+// Note that because import paths are ASCII-only and avoid various
+// problematic punctuation (like : < and >), the escaped form is also ASCII-only
+// and avoids the same problematic punctuation.
+//
+// Import paths have never allowed exclamation marks, so there is no
+// need to define how to escape a literal !.
+//
+// # Unicode Restrictions
+//
+// Today, paths are disallowed from using Unicode.
+//
+// Although paths are currently disallowed from using Unicode,
+// we would like at some point to allow Unicode letters as well, to assume that
+// file systems and URLs are Unicode-safe (storing UTF-8), and apply
+// the !-for-uppercase convention for escaping them in the file system.
+// But there are at least two subtle considerations.
+//
+// First, note that not all case-fold equivalent distinct runes
+// form an upper/lower pair.
+// For example, U+004B ('K'), U+006B ('k'), and U+212A ('K' for Kelvin)
+// are three distinct runes that case-fold to each other.
+// When we do add Unicode letters, we must not assume that upper/lower
+// are the only case-equivalent pairs.
+// Perhaps the Kelvin symbol would be disallowed entirely, for example.
+// Or perhaps it would escape as "!!k", or perhaps as "(212A)".
+//
+// Second, it would be nice to allow Unicode marks as well as letters,
+// but marks include combining marks, and then we must deal not
+// only with case folding but also normalization: both U+00E9 ('é')
+// and U+0065 U+0301 ('e' followed by combining acute accent)
+// look the same on the page and are treated by some file systems
+// as the same path. If we do allow Unicode marks in paths, there
+// must be some kind of normalization to allow only one canonical
+// encoding of any character used in an import path.
+package module
+
+// IMPORTANT NOTE
+//
+// This file essentially defines the set of valid import paths for the go command.
+// There are many subtle considerations, including Unicode ambiguity,
+// security, network, and file system representations.
+//
+// This file also defines the set of valid module path and version combinations,
+// another topic with many subtle considerations.
+//
+// Changes to the semantics in this file require approval from rsc.
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
+)
+
+// A Version (for clients, a module.Version) is defined by a module path and version pair.
+// These are stored in their plain (unescaped) form.
+type Version struct {
+	// Path is a module path, like "golang.org/x/text" or "rsc.io/quote/v2".
+	Path string
+
+	// Version is usually a semantic version in canonical form.
+	// There are three exceptions to this general rule.
+	// First, the top-level target of a build has no specific version
+	// and uses Version = "".
+	// Second, during MVS calculations the version "none" is used
+	// to represent the decision to take no version of a given module.
+	// Third, filesystem paths found in "replace" directives are
+	// represented by a path with an empty version.
+	Version string `json:",omitempty"`
+}
+
+// String returns a representation of the Version suitable for logging
+// (Path@Version, or just Path if Version is empty).
+func (m Version) String() string {
+	if m.Version == "" {
+		return m.Path
+	}
+	return m.Path + "@" + m.Version
+}
+
+// A ModuleError indicates an error specific to a module.
+type ModuleError struct {
+	Path    string
+	Version string
+	Err     error
+}
+
+// VersionError returns a ModuleError derived from a Version and error,
+// or err itself if it is already such an error.
+func VersionError(v Version, err error) error {
+	var mErr *ModuleError
+	if errors.As(err, &mErr) && mErr.Path == v.Path && mErr.Version == v.Version {
+		return err
+	}
+	return &ModuleError{
+		Path:    v.Path,
+		Version: v.Version,
+		Err:     err,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *ModuleError) Error() string {
+	if v, ok := e.Err.(*InvalidVersionError); ok {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s: invalid %s: %v", e.Path, v.Version, v.noun(), v.Err)
+	}
+	if e.Version != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s: %v", e.Path, e.Version, e.Err)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("module %s: %v", e.Path, e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e *ModuleError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
+// An InvalidVersionError indicates an error specific to a version, with the
+// module path unknown or specified externally.
+//
+// A ModuleError may wrap an InvalidVersionError, but an InvalidVersionError
+// must not wrap a ModuleError.
+type InvalidVersionError struct {
+	Version string
+	Pseudo  bool
+	Err     error
+}
+
+// noun returns either "version" or "pseudo-version", depending on whether
+// e.Version is a pseudo-version.
+func (e *InvalidVersionError) noun() string {
+	if e.Pseudo {
+		return "pseudo-version"
+	}
+	return "version"
+}
+
+func (e *InvalidVersionError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %q invalid: %s", e.noun(), e.Version, e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e *InvalidVersionError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
+// An InvalidPathError indicates a module, import, or file path doesn't
+// satisfy all naming constraints. See CheckPath, CheckImportPath,
+// and CheckFilePath for specific restrictions.
+type InvalidPathError struct {
+	Kind string // "module", "import", or "file"
+	Path string
+	Err  error
+}
+
+func (e *InvalidPathError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("malformed %s path %q: %v", e.Kind, e.Path, e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e *InvalidPathError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
+// Check checks that a given module path, version pair is valid.
+// In addition to the path being a valid module path
+// and the version being a valid semantic version,
+// the two must correspond.
+// For example, the path "yaml/v2" only corresponds to
+// semantic versions beginning with "v2.".
+func Check(path, version string) error {
+	if err := CheckPath(path); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !semver.IsValid(version) {
+		return &ModuleError{
+			Path: path,
+			Err:  &InvalidVersionError{Version: version, Err: errors.New("not a semantic version")},
+		}
+	}
+	_, pathMajor, _ := SplitPathVersion(path)
+	if err := CheckPathMajor(version, pathMajor); err != nil {
+		return &ModuleError{Path: path, Err: err}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// firstPathOK reports whether r can appear in the first element of a module path.
+// The first element of the path must be an LDH domain name, at least for now.
+// To avoid case ambiguity, the domain name must be entirely lower case.
+func firstPathOK(r rune) bool {
+	return r == '-' || r == '.' ||
+		'0' <= r && r <= '9' ||
+		'a' <= r && r <= 'z'
+}
+
+// modPathOK reports whether r can appear in a module path element.
+// Paths can be ASCII letters, ASCII digits, and limited ASCII punctuation: - . _ and ~.
+//
+// This matches what "go get" has historically recognized in import paths,
+// and avoids confusing sequences like '%20' or '+' that would change meaning
+// if used in a URL.
+//
+// TODO(rsc): We would like to allow Unicode letters, but that requires additional
+// care in the safe encoding (see "escaped paths" above).
+func modPathOK(r rune) bool {
+	if r < utf8.RuneSelf {
+		return r == '-' || r == '.' || r == '_' || r == '~' ||
+			'0' <= r && r <= '9' ||
+			'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' ||
+			'a' <= r && r <= 'z'
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// importPathOK reports whether r can appear in a package import path element.
+//
+// Import paths are intermediate between module paths and file paths: we allow
+// disallow characters that would be confusing or ambiguous as arguments to
+// 'go get' (such as '@' and ' ' ), but allow certain characters that are
+// otherwise-unambiguous on the command line and historically used for some
+// binary names (such as '++' as a suffix for compiler binaries and wrappers).
+func importPathOK(r rune) bool {
+	return modPathOK(r) || r == '+'
+}
+
+// fileNameOK reports whether r can appear in a file name.
+// For now we allow all Unicode letters but otherwise limit to pathOK plus a few more punctuation characters.
+// If we expand the set of allowed characters here, we have to
+// work harder at detecting potential case-folding and normalization collisions.
+// See note about "escaped paths" above.
+func fileNameOK(r rune) bool {
+	if r < utf8.RuneSelf {
+		// Entire set of ASCII punctuation, from which we remove characters:
+		//     ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | } ~
+		// We disallow some shell special characters: " ' * < > ? ` |
+		// (Note that some of those are disallowed by the Windows file system as well.)
+		// We also disallow path separators / : and \ (fileNameOK is only called on path element characters).
+		// We allow spaces (U+0020) in file names.
+		const allowed = "!#$%&()+,-.=@[]^_{}~ "
+		if '0' <= r && r <= '9' || 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' || 'a' <= r && r <= 'z' {
+			return true
+		}
+		return strings.ContainsRune(allowed, r)
+	}
+	// It may be OK to add more ASCII punctuation here, but only carefully.
+	// For example Windows disallows < > \, and macOS disallows :, so we must not allow those.
+	return unicode.IsLetter(r)
+}
+
+// CheckPath checks that a module path is valid.
+// A valid module path is a valid import path, as checked by CheckImportPath,
+// with three additional constraints.
+// First, the leading path element (up to the first slash, if any),
+// by convention a domain name, must contain only lower-case ASCII letters,
+// ASCII digits, dots (U+002E), and dashes (U+002D);
+// it must contain at least one dot and cannot start with a dash.
+// Second, for a final path element of the form /vN, where N looks numeric
+// (ASCII digits and dots) must not begin with a leading zero, must not be /v1,
+// and must not contain any dots. For paths beginning with "gopkg.in/",
+// this second requirement is replaced by a requirement that the path
+// follow the gopkg.in server's conventions.
+// Third, no path element may begin with a dot.
+func CheckPath(path string) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			err = &InvalidPathError{Kind: "module", Path: path, Err: err}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := checkPath(path, modulePath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	i := strings.Index(path, "/")
+	if i < 0 {
+		i = len(path)
+	}
+	if i == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("leading slash")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(path[:i], ".") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing dot in first path element")
+	}
+	if path[0] == '-' {
+		return fmt.Errorf("leading dash in first path element")
+	}
+	for _, r := range path[:i] {
+		if !firstPathOK(r) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid char %q in first path element", r)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, _, ok := SplitPathVersion(path); !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid version")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CheckImportPath checks that an import path is valid.
+//
+// A valid import path consists of one or more valid path elements
+// separated by slashes (U+002F). (It must not begin with nor end in a slash.)
+//
+// A valid path element is a non-empty string made up of
+// ASCII letters, ASCII digits, and limited ASCII punctuation: - . _ and ~.
+// It must not end with a dot (U+002E), nor contain two dots in a row.
+//
+// The element prefix up to the first dot must not be a reserved file name
+// on Windows, regardless of case (CON, com1, NuL, and so on). The element
+// must not have a suffix of a tilde followed by one or more ASCII digits
+// (to exclude paths elements that look like Windows short-names).
+//
+// CheckImportPath may be less restrictive in the future, but see the
+// top-level package documentation for additional information about
+// subtleties of Unicode.
+func CheckImportPath(path string) error {
+	if err := checkPath(path, importPath); err != nil {
+		return &InvalidPathError{Kind: "import", Path: path, Err: err}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// pathKind indicates what kind of path we're checking. Module paths,
+// import paths, and file paths have different restrictions.
+type pathKind int
+
+const (
+	modulePath pathKind = iota
+	importPath
+	filePath
+)
+
+// checkPath checks that a general path is valid. kind indicates what
+// specific constraints should be applied.
+//
+// checkPath returns an error describing why the path is not valid.
+// Because these checks apply to module, import, and file paths,
+// and because other checks may be applied, the caller is expected to wrap
+// this error with InvalidPathError.
+func checkPath(path string, kind pathKind) error {
+	if !utf8.ValidString(path) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid UTF-8")
+	}
+	if path == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty string")
+	}
+	if path[0] == '-' && kind != filePath {
+		return fmt.Errorf("leading dash")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(path, "//") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("double slash")
+	}
+	if path[len(path)-1] == '/' {
+		return fmt.Errorf("trailing slash")
+	}
+	elemStart := 0
+	for i, r := range path {
+		if r == '/' {
+			if err := checkElem(path[elemStart:i], kind); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			elemStart = i + 1
+		}
+	}
+	if err := checkElem(path[elemStart:], kind); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkElem checks whether an individual path element is valid.
+func checkElem(elem string, kind pathKind) error {
+	if elem == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty path element")
+	}
+	if strings.Count(elem, ".") == len(elem) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid path element %q", elem)
+	}
+	if elem[0] == '.' && kind == modulePath {
+		return fmt.Errorf("leading dot in path element")
+	}
+	if elem[len(elem)-1] == '.' {
+		return fmt.Errorf("trailing dot in path element")
+	}
+	for _, r := range elem {
+		ok := false
+		switch kind {
+		case modulePath:
+			ok = modPathOK(r)
+		case importPath:
+			ok = importPathOK(r)
+		case filePath:
+			ok = fileNameOK(r)
+		default:
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("internal error: invalid kind %v", kind))
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid char %q", r)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Windows disallows a bunch of path elements, sadly.
+	// See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/naming-a-file
+	short := elem
+	if i := strings.Index(short, "."); i >= 0 {
+		short = short[:i]
+	}
+	for _, bad := range badWindowsNames {
+		if strings.EqualFold(bad, short) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%q disallowed as path element component on Windows", short)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if kind == filePath {
+		// don't check for Windows short-names in file names. They're
+		// only an issue for import paths.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Reject path components that look like Windows short-names.
+	// Those usually end in a tilde followed by one or more ASCII digits.
+	if tilde := strings.LastIndexByte(short, '~'); tilde >= 0 && tilde < len(short)-1 {
+		suffix := short[tilde+1:]
+		suffixIsDigits := true
+		for _, r := range suffix {
+			if r < '0' || r > '9' {
+				suffixIsDigits = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if suffixIsDigits {
+			return fmt.Errorf("trailing tilde and digits in path element")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CheckFilePath checks that a slash-separated file path is valid.
+// The definition of a valid file path is the same as the definition
+// of a valid import path except that the set of allowed characters is larger:
+// all Unicode letters, ASCII digits, the ASCII space character (U+0020),
+// and the ASCII punctuation characters
+// “!#$%&()+,-.=@[]^_{}~”.
+// (The excluded punctuation characters, " * < > ? ` ' | / \ and :,
+// have special meanings in certain shells or operating systems.)
+//
+// CheckFilePath may be less restrictive in the future, but see the
+// top-level package documentation for additional information about
+// subtleties of Unicode.
+func CheckFilePath(path string) error {
+	if err := checkPath(path, filePath); err != nil {
+		return &InvalidPathError{Kind: "file", Path: path, Err: err}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// badWindowsNames are the reserved file path elements on Windows.
+// See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/naming-a-file
+var badWindowsNames = []string{
+	"CON",
+	"PRN",
+	"AUX",
+	"NUL",
+	"COM1",
+	"COM2",
+	"COM3",
+	"COM4",
+	"COM5",
+	"COM6",
+	"COM7",
+	"COM8",
+	"COM9",
+	"LPT1",
+	"LPT2",
+	"LPT3",
+	"LPT4",
+	"LPT5",
+	"LPT6",
+	"LPT7",
+	"LPT8",
+	"LPT9",
+}
+
+// SplitPathVersion returns prefix and major version such that prefix+pathMajor == path
+// and version is either empty or "/vN" for N >= 2.
+// As a special case, gopkg.in paths are recognized directly;
+// they require ".vN" instead of "/vN", and for all N, not just N >= 2.
+// SplitPathVersion returns with ok = false when presented with
+// a path whose last path element does not satisfy the constraints
+// applied by CheckPath, such as "example.com/pkg/v1" or "example.com/pkg/v1.2".
+func SplitPathVersion(path string) (prefix, pathMajor string, ok bool) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "gopkg.in/") {
+		return splitGopkgIn(path)
+	}
+
+	i := len(path)
+	dot := false
+	for i > 0 && ('0' <= path[i-1] && path[i-1] <= '9' || path[i-1] == '.') {
+		if path[i-1] == '.' {
+			dot = true
+		}
+		i--
+	}
+	if i <= 1 || i == len(path) || path[i-1] != 'v' || path[i-2] != '/' {
+		return path, "", true
+	}
+	prefix, pathMajor = path[:i-2], path[i-2:]
+	if dot || len(pathMajor) <= 2 || pathMajor[2] == '0' || pathMajor == "/v1" {
+		return path, "", false
+	}
+	return prefix, pathMajor, true
+}
+
+// splitGopkgIn is like SplitPathVersion but only for gopkg.in paths.
+func splitGopkgIn(path string) (prefix, pathMajor string, ok bool) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "gopkg.in/") {
+		return path, "", false
+	}
+	i := len(path)
+	if strings.HasSuffix(path, "-unstable") {
+		i -= len("-unstable")
+	}
+	for i > 0 && ('0' <= path[i-1] && path[i-1] <= '9') {
+		i--
+	}
+	if i <= 1 || path[i-1] != 'v' || path[i-2] != '.' {
+		// All gopkg.in paths must end in vN for some N.
+		return path, "", false
+	}
+	prefix, pathMajor = path[:i-2], path[i-2:]
+	if len(pathMajor) <= 2 || pathMajor[2] == '0' && pathMajor != ".v0" {
+		return path, "", false
+	}
+	return prefix, pathMajor, true
+}
+
+// MatchPathMajor reports whether the semantic version v
+// matches the path major version pathMajor.
+//
+// MatchPathMajor returns true if and only if CheckPathMajor returns nil.
+func MatchPathMajor(v, pathMajor string) bool {
+	return CheckPathMajor(v, pathMajor) == nil
+}
+
+// CheckPathMajor returns a non-nil error if the semantic version v
+// does not match the path major version pathMajor.
+func CheckPathMajor(v, pathMajor string) error {
+	// TODO(jayconrod): return errors or panic for invalid inputs. This function
+	// (and others) was covered by integration tests for cmd/go, and surrounding
+	// code protected against invalid inputs like non-canonical versions.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(pathMajor, ".v") && strings.HasSuffix(pathMajor, "-unstable") {
+		pathMajor = strings.TrimSuffix(pathMajor, "-unstable")
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(v, "v0.0.0-") && pathMajor == ".v1" {
+		// Allow old bug in pseudo-versions that generated v0.0.0- pseudoversion for gopkg .v1.
+		// For example, gopkg.in/yaml.v2@v2.2.1's go.mod requires gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405.
+		return nil
+	}
+	m := semver.Major(v)
+	if pathMajor == "" {
+		if m == "v0" || m == "v1" || semver.Build(v) == "+incompatible" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		pathMajor = "v0 or v1"
+	} else if pathMajor[0] == '/' || pathMajor[0] == '.' {
+		if m == pathMajor[1:] {
+			return nil
+		}
+		pathMajor = pathMajor[1:]
+	}
+	return &InvalidVersionError{
+		Version: v,
+		Err:     fmt.Errorf("should be %s, not %s", pathMajor, semver.Major(v)),
+	}
+}
+
+// PathMajorPrefix returns the major-version tag prefix implied by pathMajor.
+// An empty PathMajorPrefix allows either v0 or v1.
+//
+// Note that MatchPathMajor may accept some versions that do not actually begin
+// with this prefix: namely, it accepts a 'v0.0.0-' prefix for a '.v1'
+// pathMajor, even though that pathMajor implies 'v1' tagging.
+func PathMajorPrefix(pathMajor string) string {
+	if pathMajor == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if pathMajor[0] != '/' && pathMajor[0] != '.' {
+		panic("pathMajor suffix " + pathMajor + " passed to PathMajorPrefix lacks separator")
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(pathMajor, ".v") && strings.HasSuffix(pathMajor, "-unstable") {
+		pathMajor = strings.TrimSuffix(pathMajor, "-unstable")
+	}
+	m := pathMajor[1:]
+	if m != semver.Major(m) {
+		panic("pathMajor suffix " + pathMajor + "passed to PathMajorPrefix is not a valid major version")
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// CanonicalVersion returns the canonical form of the version string v.
+// It is the same as semver.Canonical(v) except that it preserves the special build suffix "+incompatible".
+func CanonicalVersion(v string) string {
+	cv := semver.Canonical(v)
+	if semver.Build(v) == "+incompatible" {
+		cv += "+incompatible"
+	}
+	return cv
+}
+
+// Sort sorts the list by Path, breaking ties by comparing Version fields.
+// The Version fields are interpreted as semantic versions (using semver.Compare)
+// optionally followed by a tie-breaking suffix introduced by a slash character,
+// like in "v0.0.1/go.mod".
+func Sort(list []Version) {
+	sort.Slice(list, func(i, j int) bool {
+		mi := list[i]
+		mj := list[j]
+		if mi.Path != mj.Path {
+			return mi.Path < mj.Path
+		}
+		// To help go.sum formatting, allow version/file.
+		// Compare semver prefix by semver rules,
+		// file by string order.
+		vi := mi.Version
+		vj := mj.Version
+		var fi, fj string
+		if k := strings.Index(vi, "/"); k >= 0 {
+			vi, fi = vi[:k], vi[k:]
+		}
+		if k := strings.Index(vj, "/"); k >= 0 {
+			vj, fj = vj[:k], vj[k:]
+		}
+		if vi != vj {
+			return semver.Compare(vi, vj) < 0
+		}
+		return fi < fj
+	})
+}
+
+// EscapePath returns the escaped form of the given module path.
+// It fails if the module path is invalid.
+func EscapePath(path string) (escaped string, err error) {
+	if err := CheckPath(path); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return escapeString(path)
+}
+
+// EscapeVersion returns the escaped form of the given module version.
+// Versions are allowed to be in non-semver form but must be valid file names
+// and not contain exclamation marks.
+func EscapeVersion(v string) (escaped string, err error) {
+	if err := checkElem(v, filePath); err != nil || strings.Contains(v, "!") {
+		return "", &InvalidVersionError{
+			Version: v,
+			Err:     fmt.Errorf("disallowed version string"),
+		}
+	}
+	return escapeString(v)
+}
+
+func escapeString(s string) (escaped string, err error) {
+	haveUpper := false
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if r == '!' || r >= utf8.RuneSelf {
+			// This should be disallowed by CheckPath, but diagnose anyway.
+			// The correctness of the escaping loop below depends on it.
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("internal error: inconsistency in EscapePath")
+		}
+		if 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' {
+			haveUpper = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !haveUpper {
+		return s, nil
+	}
+
+	var buf []byte
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' {
+			buf = append(buf, '!', byte(r+'a'-'A'))
+		} else {
+			buf = append(buf, byte(r))
+		}
+	}
+	return string(buf), nil
+}
+
+// UnescapePath returns the module path for the given escaped path.
+// It fails if the escaped path is invalid or describes an invalid path.
+func UnescapePath(escaped string) (path string, err error) {
+	path, ok := unescapeString(escaped)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid escaped module path %q", escaped)
+	}
+	if err := CheckPath(path); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid escaped module path %q: %v", escaped, err)
+	}
+	return path, nil
+}
+
+// UnescapeVersion returns the version string for the given escaped version.
+// It fails if the escaped form is invalid or describes an invalid version.
+// Versions are allowed to be in non-semver form but must be valid file names
+// and not contain exclamation marks.
+func UnescapeVersion(escaped string) (v string, err error) {
+	v, ok := unescapeString(escaped)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid escaped version %q", escaped)
+	}
+	if err := checkElem(v, filePath); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid escaped version %q: %v", v, err)
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+func unescapeString(escaped string) (string, bool) {
+	var buf []byte
+
+	bang := false
+	for _, r := range escaped {
+		if r >= utf8.RuneSelf {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		if bang {
+			bang = false
+			if r < 'a' || 'z' < r {
+				return "", false
+			}
+			buf = append(buf, byte(r+'A'-'a'))
+			continue
+		}
+		if r == '!' {
+			bang = true
+			continue
+		}
+		if 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		buf = append(buf, byte(r))
+	}
+	if bang {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return string(buf), true
+}
+
+// MatchPrefixPatterns reports whether any path prefix of target matches one of
+// the glob patterns (as defined by path.Match) in the comma-separated globs
+// list. This implements the algorithm used when matching a module path to the
+// GOPRIVATE environment variable, as described by 'go help module-private'.
+//
+// It ignores any empty or malformed patterns in the list.
+// Trailing slashes on patterns are ignored.
+func MatchPrefixPatterns(globs, target string) bool {
+	for globs != "" {
+		// Extract next non-empty glob in comma-separated list.
+		var glob string
+		if i := strings.Index(globs, ","); i >= 0 {
+			glob, globs = globs[:i], globs[i+1:]
+		} else {
+			glob, globs = globs, ""
+		}
+		glob = strings.TrimSuffix(glob, "/")
+		if glob == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// A glob with N+1 path elements (N slashes) needs to be matched
+		// against the first N+1 path elements of target,
+		// which end just before the N+1'th slash.
+		n := strings.Count(glob, "/")
+		prefix := target
+		// Walk target, counting slashes, truncating at the N+1'th slash.
+		for i := 0; i < len(target); i++ {
+			if target[i] == '/' {
+				if n == 0 {
+					prefix = target[:i]
+					break
+				}
+				n--
+			}
+		}
+		if n > 0 {
+			// Not enough prefix elements.
+			continue
+		}
+		matched, _ := path.Match(glob, prefix)
+		if matched {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}