ruby_snowflake_client 1.0.0

data/ext/vendor/github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2/cpuid.go

@@ -0,0 +1,1070 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Klaus Post, released under MIT License. See LICENSE file.
+
+// Package cpuid provides information about the CPU running the current program.
+//
+// CPU features are detected on startup, and kept for fast access through the life of the application.
+// Currently x86 / x64 (AMD64) as well as arm64 is supported.
+//
+// You can access the CPU information by accessing the shared CPU variable of the cpuid library.
+//
+// Package home: https://github.com/klauspost/cpuid
+package cpuid
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// AMD refererence: https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf
+// and Processor Programming Reference (PPR)
+
+// Vendor is a representation of a CPU vendor.
+type Vendor int
+
+const (
+	VendorUnknown Vendor = iota
+	Intel
+	AMD
+	VIA
+	Transmeta
+	NSC
+	KVM  // Kernel-based Virtual Machine
+	MSVM // Microsoft Hyper-V or Windows Virtual PC
+	VMware
+	XenHVM
+	Bhyve
+	Hygon
+	SiS
+	RDC
+
+	Ampere
+	ARM
+	Broadcom
+	Cavium
+	DEC
+	Fujitsu
+	Infineon
+	Motorola
+	NVIDIA
+	AMCC
+	Qualcomm
+	Marvell
+
+	lastVendor
+)
+
+//go:generate stringer -type=FeatureID,Vendor
+
+// FeatureID is the ID of a specific cpu feature.
+type FeatureID int
+
+const (
+	// Keep index -1 as unknown
+	UNKNOWN = -1
+
+	// Add features
+	ADX                FeatureID = iota // Intel ADX (Multi-Precision Add-Carry Instruction Extensions)
+	AESNI                               // Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions
+	AMD3DNOW                            // AMD 3DNOW
+	AMD3DNOWEXT                         // AMD 3DNowExt
+	AMXBF16                             // Tile computational operations on BFLOAT16 numbers
+	AMXINT8                             // Tile computational operations on 8-bit integers
+	AMXTILE                             // Tile architecture
+	AVX                                 // AVX functions
+	AVX2                                // AVX2 functions
+	AVX512BF16                          // AVX-512 BFLOAT16 Instructions
+	AVX512BITALG                        // AVX-512 Bit Algorithms
+	AVX512BW                            // AVX-512 Byte and Word Instructions
+	AVX512CD                            // AVX-512 Conflict Detection Instructions
+	AVX512DQ                            // AVX-512 Doubleword and Quadword Instructions
+	AVX512ER                            // AVX-512 Exponential and Reciprocal Instructions
+	AVX512F                             // AVX-512 Foundation
+	AVX512FP16                          // AVX-512 FP16 Instructions
+	AVX512IFMA                          // AVX-512 Integer Fused Multiply-Add Instructions
+	AVX512PF                            // AVX-512 Prefetch Instructions
+	AVX512VBMI                          // AVX-512 Vector Bit Manipulation Instructions
+	AVX512VBMI2                         // AVX-512 Vector Bit Manipulation Instructions, Version 2
+	AVX512VL                            // AVX-512 Vector Length Extensions
+	AVX512VNNI                          // AVX-512 Vector Neural Network Instructions
+	AVX512VP2INTERSECT                  // AVX-512 Intersect for D/Q
+	AVX512VPOPCNTDQ                     // AVX-512 Vector Population Count Doubleword and Quadword
+	AVXSLOW                             // Indicates the CPU performs 2 128 bit operations instead of one.
+	BMI1                                // Bit Manipulation Instruction Set 1
+	BMI2                                // Bit Manipulation Instruction Set 2
+	CLDEMOTE                            // Cache Line Demote
+	CLMUL                               // Carry-less Multiplication
+	CLZERO                              // CLZERO instruction supported
+	CMOV                                // i686 CMOV
+	CPBOOST                             // Core Performance Boost
+	CX16                                // CMPXCHG16B Instruction
+	ENQCMD                              // Enqueue Command
+	ERMS                                // Enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB
+	F16C                                // Half-precision floating-point conversion
+	FMA3                                // Intel FMA 3. Does not imply AVX.
+	FMA4                                // Bulldozer FMA4 functions
+	GFNI                                // Galois Field New Instructions
+	HLE                                 // Hardware Lock Elision
+	HTT                                 // Hyperthreading (enabled)
+	HWA                                 // Hardware assert supported. Indicates support for MSRC001_10
+	HYPERVISOR                          // This bit has been reserved by Intel & AMD for use by hypervisors
+	IBPB                                // Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) and Indirect Branch Predictor Barrier (IBPB)
+	IBS                                 // Instruction Based Sampling (AMD)
+	IBSBRNTRGT                          // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSFETCHSAM                         // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSFFV                              // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSOPCNT                            // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSOPCNTEXT                         // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSOPSAM                            // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSRDWROPCNT                        // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	IBSRIPINVALIDCHK                    // Instruction Based Sampling Feature (AMD)
+	INT_WBINVD                          // WBINVD/WBNOINVD are interruptible.
+	INVLPGB                             // NVLPGB and TLBSYNC instruction supported
+	LZCNT                               // LZCNT instruction
+	MCAOVERFLOW                         // MCA overflow recovery support.
+	MCOMMIT                             // MCOMMIT instruction supported
+	MMX                                 // standard MMX
+	MMXEXT                              // SSE integer functions or AMD MMX ext
+	MOVDIR64B                           // Move 64 Bytes as Direct Store
+	MOVDIRI                             // Move Doubleword as Direct Store
+	MPX                                 // Intel MPX (Memory Protection Extensions)
+	MSRIRC                              // Instruction Retired Counter MSR available
+	NX                                  // NX (No-Execute) bit
+	POPCNT                              // POPCNT instruction
+	RDPRU                               // RDPRU instruction supported
+	RDRAND                              // RDRAND instruction is available
+	RDSEED                              // RDSEED instruction is available
+	RDTSCP                              // RDTSCP Instruction
+	RTM                                 // Restricted Transactional Memory
+	RTM_ALWAYS_ABORT                    // Indicates that the loaded microcode is forcing RTM abort.
+	SERIALIZE                           // Serialize Instruction Execution
+	SGX                                 // Software Guard Extensions
+	SGXLC                               // Software Guard Extensions Launch Control
+	SHA                                 // Intel SHA Extensions
+	SSE                                 // SSE functions
+	SSE2                                // P4 SSE functions
+	SSE3                                // Prescott SSE3 functions
+	SSE4                                // Penryn SSE4.1 functions
+	SSE42                               // Nehalem SSE4.2 functions
+	SSE4A                               // AMD Barcelona microarchitecture SSE4a instructions
+	SSSE3                               // Conroe SSSE3 functions
+	STIBP                               // Single Thread Indirect Branch Predictors
+	SUCCOR                              // Software uncorrectable error containment and recovery capability.
+	TBM                                 // AMD Trailing Bit Manipulation
+	TSXLDTRK                            // Intel TSX Suspend Load Address Tracking
+	VAES                                // Vector AES
+	VMX                                 // Virtual Machine Extensions
+	VPCLMULQDQ                          // Carry-Less Multiplication Quadword
+	WAITPKG                             // TPAUSE, UMONITOR, UMWAIT
+	WBNOINVD                            // Write Back and Do Not Invalidate Cache
+	XOP                                 // Bulldozer XOP functions
+
+	// ARM features:
+	AESARM   // AES instructions
+	ARMCPUID // Some CPU ID registers readable at user-level
+	ASIMD    // Advanced SIMD
+	ASIMDDP  // SIMD Dot Product
+	ASIMDHP  // Advanced SIMD half-precision floating point
+	ASIMDRDM // Rounding Double Multiply Accumulate/Subtract (SQRDMLAH/SQRDMLSH)
+	ATOMICS  // Large System Extensions (LSE)
+	CRC32    // CRC32/CRC32C instructions
+	DCPOP    // Data cache clean to Point of Persistence (DC CVAP)
+	EVTSTRM  // Generic timer
+	FCMA     // Floatin point complex number addition and multiplication
+	FP       // Single-precision and double-precision floating point
+	FPHP     // Half-precision floating point
+	GPA      // Generic Pointer Authentication
+	JSCVT    // Javascript-style double->int convert (FJCVTZS)
+	LRCPC    // Weaker release consistency (LDAPR, etc)
+	PMULL    // Polynomial Multiply instructions (PMULL/PMULL2)
+	SHA1     // SHA-1 instructions (SHA1C, etc)
+	SHA2     // SHA-2 instructions (SHA256H, etc)
+	SHA3     // SHA-3 instructions (EOR3, RAXI, XAR, BCAX)
+	SHA512   // SHA512 instructions
+	SM3      // SM3 instructions
+	SM4      // SM4 instructions
+	SVE      // Scalable Vector Extension
+
+	// Keep it last. It automatically defines the size of []flagSet
+	lastID
+
+	firstID FeatureID = UNKNOWN + 1
+)
+
+// CPUInfo contains information about the detected system CPU.
+type CPUInfo struct {
+	BrandName      string  // Brand name reported by the CPU
+	VendorID       Vendor  // Comparable CPU vendor ID
+	VendorString   string  // Raw vendor string.
+	featureSet     flagSet // Features of the CPU
+	PhysicalCores  int     // Number of physical processor cores in your CPU. Will be 0 if undetectable.
+	ThreadsPerCore int     // Number of threads per physical core. Will be 1 if undetectable.
+	LogicalCores   int     // Number of physical cores times threads that can run on each core through the use of hyperthreading. Will be 0 if undetectable.
+	Family         int     // CPU family number
+	Model          int     // CPU model number
+	CacheLine      int     // Cache line size in bytes. Will be 0 if undetectable.
+	Hz             int64   // Clock speed, if known, 0 otherwise. Will attempt to contain base clock speed.
+	BoostFreq      int64   // Max clock speed, if known, 0 otherwise
+	Cache          struct {
+		L1I int // L1 Instruction Cache (per core or shared). Will be -1 if undetected
+		L1D int // L1 Data Cache (per core or shared). Will be -1 if undetected
+		L2  int // L2 Cache (per core or shared). Will be -1 if undetected
+		L3  int // L3 Cache (per core, per ccx or shared). Will be -1 if undetected
+	}
+	SGX       SGXSupport
+	maxFunc   uint32
+	maxExFunc uint32
+}
+
+var cpuid func(op uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+var cpuidex func(op, op2 uint32) (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+var xgetbv func(index uint32) (eax, edx uint32)
+var rdtscpAsm func() (eax, ebx, ecx, edx uint32)
+var darwinHasAVX512 = func() bool { return false }
+
+// CPU contains information about the CPU as detected on startup,
+// or when Detect last was called.
+//
+// Use this as the primary entry point to you data.
+var CPU CPUInfo
+
+func init() {
+	initCPU()
+	Detect()
+}
+
+// Detect will re-detect current CPU info.
+// This will replace the content of the exported CPU variable.
+//
+// Unless you expect the CPU to change while you are running your program
+// you should not need to call this function.
+// If you call this, you must ensure that no other goroutine is accessing the
+// exported CPU variable.
+func Detect() {
+	// Set defaults
+	CPU.ThreadsPerCore = 1
+	CPU.Cache.L1I = -1
+	CPU.Cache.L1D = -1
+	CPU.Cache.L2 = -1
+	CPU.Cache.L3 = -1
+	safe := true
+	if detectArmFlag != nil {
+		safe = !*detectArmFlag
+	}
+	addInfo(&CPU, safe)
+	if displayFeats != nil && *displayFeats {
+		fmt.Println("cpu features:", strings.Join(CPU.FeatureSet(), ","))
+		// Exit with non-zero so tests will print value.
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	if disableFlag != nil {
+		s := strings.Split(*disableFlag, ",")
+		for _, feat := range s {
+			feat := ParseFeature(strings.TrimSpace(feat))
+			if feat != UNKNOWN {
+				CPU.featureSet.unset(feat)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DetectARM will detect ARM64 features.
+// This is NOT done automatically since it can potentially crash
+// if the OS does not handle the command.
+// If in the future this can be done safely this function may not
+// do anything.
+func DetectARM() {
+	addInfo(&CPU, false)
+}
+
+var detectArmFlag *bool
+var displayFeats *bool
+var disableFlag *string
+
+// Flags will enable flags.
+// This must be called *before* flag.Parse AND
+// Detect must be called after the flags have been parsed.
+// Note that this means that any detection used in init() functions
+// will not contain these flags.
+func Flags() {
+	disableFlag = flag.String("cpu.disable", "", "disable cpu features; comma separated list")
+	displayFeats = flag.Bool("cpu.features", false, "lists cpu features and exits")
+	detectArmFlag = flag.Bool("cpu.arm", false, "allow ARM features to be detected; can potentially crash")
+}
+
+// Supports returns whether the CPU supports all of the requested features.
+func (c CPUInfo) Supports(ids ...FeatureID) bool {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if !c.featureSet.inSet(id) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Has allows for checking a single feature.
+// Should be inlined by the compiler.
+func (c CPUInfo) Has(id FeatureID) bool {
+	return c.featureSet.inSet(id)
+}
+
+// Disable will disable one or several features.
+func (c *CPUInfo) Disable(ids ...FeatureID) bool {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		c.featureSet.unset(id)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Enable will disable one or several features even if they were undetected.
+// This is of course not recommended for obvious reasons.
+func (c *CPUInfo) Enable(ids ...FeatureID) bool {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		c.featureSet.set(id)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// IsVendor returns true if vendor is recognized as Intel
+func (c CPUInfo) IsVendor(v Vendor) bool {
+	return c.VendorID == v
+}
+
+func (c CPUInfo) FeatureSet() []string {
+	s := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, f := range c.featureSet.Strings() {
+		s = append(s, f)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// RTCounter returns the 64-bit time-stamp counter
+// Uses the RDTSCP instruction. The value 0 is returned
+// if the CPU does not support the instruction.
+func (c CPUInfo) RTCounter() uint64 {
+	if !c.Supports(RDTSCP) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	a, _, _, d := rdtscpAsm()
+	return uint64(a) | (uint64(d) << 32)
+}
+
+// Ia32TscAux returns the IA32_TSC_AUX part of the RDTSCP.
+// This variable is OS dependent, but on Linux contains information
+// about the current cpu/core the code is running on.
+// If the RDTSCP instruction isn't supported on the CPU, the value 0 is returned.
+func (c CPUInfo) Ia32TscAux() uint32 {
+	if !c.Supports(RDTSCP) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	_, _, ecx, _ := rdtscpAsm()
+	return ecx
+}
+
+// LogicalCPU will return the Logical CPU the code is currently executing on.
+// This is likely to change when the OS re-schedules the running thread
+// to another CPU.
+// If the current core cannot be detected, -1 will be returned.
+func (c CPUInfo) LogicalCPU() int {
+	if c.maxFunc < 1 {
+		return -1
+	}
+	_, ebx, _, _ := cpuid(1)
+	return int(ebx >> 24)
+}
+
+// frequencies tries to compute the clock speed of the CPU. If leaf 15 is
+// supported, use it, otherwise parse the brand string. Yes, really.
+func (c *CPUInfo) frequencies() {
+	c.Hz, c.BoostFreq = 0, 0
+	mfi := maxFunctionID()
+	if mfi >= 0x15 {
+		eax, ebx, ecx, _ := cpuid(0x15)
+		if eax != 0 && ebx != 0 && ecx != 0 {
+			c.Hz = (int64(ecx) * int64(ebx)) / int64(eax)
+		}
+	}
+	if mfi >= 0x16 {
+		a, b, _, _ := cpuid(0x16)
+		// Base...
+		if a&0xffff > 0 {
+			c.Hz = int64(a&0xffff) * 1_000_000
+		}
+		// Boost...
+		if b&0xffff > 0 {
+			c.BoostFreq = int64(b&0xffff) * 1_000_000
+		}
+	}
+	if c.Hz > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// computeHz determines the official rated speed of a CPU from its brand
+	// string. This insanity is *actually the official documented way to do
+	// this according to Intel*, prior to leaf 0x15 existing. The official
+	// documentation only shows this working for exactly `x.xx` or `xxxx`
+	// cases, e.g., `2.50GHz` or `1300MHz`; this parser will accept other
+	// sizes.
+	model := c.BrandName
+	hz := strings.LastIndex(model, "Hz")
+	if hz < 3 {
+		return
+	}
+	var multiplier int64
+	switch model[hz-1] {
+	case 'M':
+		multiplier = 1000 * 1000
+	case 'G':
+		multiplier = 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+	case 'T':
+		multiplier = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+	}
+	if multiplier == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	freq := int64(0)
+	divisor := int64(0)
+	decimalShift := int64(1)
+	var i int
+	for i = hz - 2; i >= 0 && model[i] != ' '; i-- {
+		if model[i] >= '0' && model[i] <= '9' {
+			freq += int64(model[i]-'0') * decimalShift
+			decimalShift *= 10
+		} else if model[i] == '.' {
+			if divisor != 0 {
+				return
+			}
+			divisor = decimalShift
+		} else {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// we didn't find a space
+	if i < 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if divisor != 0 {
+		c.Hz = (freq * multiplier) / divisor
+		return
+	}
+	c.Hz = freq * multiplier
+}
+
+// VM Will return true if the cpu id indicates we are in
+// a virtual machine.
+func (c CPUInfo) VM() bool {
+	return CPU.featureSet.inSet(HYPERVISOR)
+}
+
+// flags contains detected cpu features and characteristics
+type flags uint64
+
+// log2(bits_in_uint64)
+const flagBitsLog2 = 6
+const flagBits = 1 << flagBitsLog2
+const flagMask = flagBits - 1
+
+// flagSet contains detected cpu features and characteristics in an array of flags
+type flagSet [(lastID + flagMask) / flagBits]flags
+
+func (s flagSet) inSet(feat FeatureID) bool {
+	return s[feat>>flagBitsLog2]&(1<<(feat&flagMask)) != 0
+}
+
+func (s *flagSet) set(feat FeatureID) {
+	s[feat>>flagBitsLog2] |= 1 << (feat & flagMask)
+}
+
+// setIf will set a feature if boolean is true.
+func (s *flagSet) setIf(cond bool, features ...FeatureID) {
+	if cond {
+		for _, offset := range features {
+			s[offset>>flagBitsLog2] |= 1 << (offset & flagMask)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *flagSet) unset(offset FeatureID) {
+	bit := flags(1 << (offset & flagMask))
+	s[offset>>flagBitsLog2] = s[offset>>flagBitsLog2] & ^bit
+}
+
+// or with another flagset.
+func (s *flagSet) or(other flagSet) {
+	for i, v := range other[:] {
+		s[i] |= v
+	}
+}
+
+// ParseFeature will parse the string and return the ID of the matching feature.
+// Will return UNKNOWN if not found.
+func ParseFeature(s string) FeatureID {
+	s = strings.ToUpper(s)
+	for i := firstID; i < lastID; i++ {
+		if i.String() == s {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return UNKNOWN
+}
+
+// Strings returns an array of the detected features for FlagsSet.
+func (s flagSet) Strings() []string {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return []string{""}
+	}
+	r := make([]string, 0)
+	for i := firstID; i < lastID; i++ {
+		if s.inSet(i) {
+			r = append(r, i.String())
+		}
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func maxExtendedFunction() uint32 {
+	eax, _, _, _ := cpuid(0x80000000)
+	return eax
+}
+
+func maxFunctionID() uint32 {
+	a, _, _, _ := cpuid(0)
+	return a
+}
+
+func brandName() string {
+	if maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x80000004 {
+		v := make([]uint32, 0, 48)
+		for i := uint32(0); i < 3; i++ {
+			a, b, c, d := cpuid(0x80000002 + i)
+			v = append(v, a, b, c, d)
+		}
+		return strings.Trim(string(valAsString(v...)), " ")
+	}
+	return "unknown"
+}
+
+func threadsPerCore() int {
+	mfi := maxFunctionID()
+	vend, _ := vendorID()
+
+	if mfi < 0x4 || (vend != Intel && vend != AMD) {
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	if mfi < 0xb {
+		if vend != Intel {
+			return 1
+		}
+		_, b, _, d := cpuid(1)
+		if (d & (1 << 28)) != 0 {
+			// v will contain logical core count
+			v := (b >> 16) & 255
+			if v > 1 {
+				a4, _, _, _ := cpuid(4)
+				// physical cores
+				v2 := (a4 >> 26) + 1
+				if v2 > 0 {
+					return int(v) / int(v2)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return 1
+	}
+	_, b, _, _ := cpuidex(0xb, 0)
+	if b&0xffff == 0 {
+		if vend == AMD {
+			// Workaround for AMD returning 0, assume 2 if >= Zen 2
+			// It will be more correct than not.
+			fam, _ := familyModel()
+			_, _, _, d := cpuid(1)
+			if (d&(1<<28)) != 0 && fam >= 23 {
+				return 2
+			}
+		}
+		return 1
+	}
+	return int(b & 0xffff)
+}
+
+func logicalCores() int {
+	mfi := maxFunctionID()
+	v, _ := vendorID()
+	switch v {
+	case Intel:
+		// Use this on old Intel processors
+		if mfi < 0xb {
+			if mfi < 1 {
+				return 0
+			}
+			// CPUID.1:EBX[23:16] represents the maximum number of addressable IDs (initial APIC ID)
+			// that can be assigned to logical processors in a physical package.
+			// The value may not be the same as the number of logical processors that are present in the hardware of a physical package.
+			_, ebx, _, _ := cpuid(1)
+			logical := (ebx >> 16) & 0xff
+			return int(logical)
+		}
+		_, b, _, _ := cpuidex(0xb, 1)
+		return int(b & 0xffff)
+	case AMD, Hygon:
+		_, b, _, _ := cpuid(1)
+		return int((b >> 16) & 0xff)
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func familyModel() (int, int) {
+	if maxFunctionID() < 0x1 {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	eax, _, _, _ := cpuid(1)
+	family := ((eax >> 8) & 0xf) + ((eax >> 20) & 0xff)
+	model := ((eax >> 4) & 0xf) + ((eax >> 12) & 0xf0)
+	return int(family), int(model)
+}
+
+func physicalCores() int {
+	v, _ := vendorID()
+	switch v {
+	case Intel:
+		return logicalCores() / threadsPerCore()
+	case AMD, Hygon:
+		lc := logicalCores()
+		tpc := threadsPerCore()
+		if lc > 0 && tpc > 0 {
+			return lc / tpc
+		}
+
+		// The following is inaccurate on AMD EPYC 7742 64-Core Processor
+		if maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x80000008 {
+			_, _, c, _ := cpuid(0x80000008)
+			if c&0xff > 0 {
+				return int(c&0xff) + 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// Except from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID#EAX.3D0:_Get_vendor_ID
+var vendorMapping = map[string]Vendor{
+	"AMDisbetter!": AMD,
+	"AuthenticAMD": AMD,
+	"CentaurHauls": VIA,
+	"GenuineIntel": Intel,
+	"TransmetaCPU": Transmeta,
+	"GenuineTMx86": Transmeta,
+	"Geode by NSC": NSC,
+	"VIA VIA VIA ": VIA,
+	"KVMKVMKVMKVM": KVM,
+	"Microsoft Hv": MSVM,
+	"VMwareVMware": VMware,
+	"XenVMMXenVMM": XenHVM,
+	"bhyve bhyve ": Bhyve,
+	"HygonGenuine": Hygon,
+	"Vortex86 SoC": SiS,
+	"SiS SiS SiS ": SiS,
+	"RiseRiseRise": SiS,
+	"Genuine  RDC": RDC,
+}
+
+func vendorID() (Vendor, string) {
+	_, b, c, d := cpuid(0)
+	v := string(valAsString(b, d, c))
+	vend, ok := vendorMapping[v]
+	if !ok {
+		return VendorUnknown, v
+	}
+	return vend, v
+}
+
+func cacheLine() int {
+	if maxFunctionID() < 0x1 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	_, ebx, _, _ := cpuid(1)
+	cache := (ebx & 0xff00) >> 5 // cflush size
+	if cache == 0 && maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x80000006 {
+		_, _, ecx, _ := cpuid(0x80000006)
+		cache = ecx & 0xff // cacheline size
+	}
+	// TODO: Read from Cache and TLB Information
+	return int(cache)
+}
+
+func (c *CPUInfo) cacheSize() {
+	c.Cache.L1D = -1
+	c.Cache.L1I = -1
+	c.Cache.L2 = -1
+	c.Cache.L3 = -1
+	vendor, _ := vendorID()
+	switch vendor {
+	case Intel:
+		if maxFunctionID() < 4 {
+			return
+		}
+		for i := uint32(0); ; i++ {
+			eax, ebx, ecx, _ := cpuidex(4, i)
+			cacheType := eax & 15
+			if cacheType == 0 {
+				break
+			}
+			cacheLevel := (eax >> 5) & 7
+			coherency := int(ebx&0xfff) + 1
+			partitions := int((ebx>>12)&0x3ff) + 1
+			associativity := int((ebx>>22)&0x3ff) + 1
+			sets := int(ecx) + 1
+			size := associativity * partitions * coherency * sets
+			switch cacheLevel {
+			case 1:
+				if cacheType == 1 {
+					// 1 = Data Cache
+					c.Cache.L1D = size
+				} else if cacheType == 2 {
+					// 2 = Instruction Cache
+					c.Cache.L1I = size
+				} else {
+					if c.Cache.L1D < 0 {
+						c.Cache.L1I = size
+					}
+					if c.Cache.L1I < 0 {
+						c.Cache.L1I = size
+					}
+				}
+			case 2:
+				c.Cache.L2 = size
+			case 3:
+				c.Cache.L3 = size
+			}
+		}
+	case AMD, Hygon:
+		// Untested.
+		if maxExtendedFunction() < 0x80000005 {
+			return
+		}
+		_, _, ecx, edx := cpuid(0x80000005)
+		c.Cache.L1D = int(((ecx >> 24) & 0xFF) * 1024)
+		c.Cache.L1I = int(((edx >> 24) & 0xFF) * 1024)
+
+		if maxExtendedFunction() < 0x80000006 {
+			return
+		}
+		_, _, ecx, _ = cpuid(0x80000006)
+		c.Cache.L2 = int(((ecx >> 16) & 0xFFFF) * 1024)
+
+		// CPUID Fn8000_001D_EAX_x[N:0] Cache Properties
+		if maxExtendedFunction() < 0x8000001D {
+			return
+		}
+		for i := uint32(0); i < math.MaxUint32; i++ {
+			eax, ebx, ecx, _ := cpuidex(0x8000001D, i)
+
+			level := (eax >> 5) & 7
+			cacheNumSets := ecx + 1
+			cacheLineSize := 1 + (ebx & 2047)
+			cachePhysPartitions := 1 + ((ebx >> 12) & 511)
+			cacheNumWays := 1 + ((ebx >> 22) & 511)
+
+			typ := eax & 15
+			size := int(cacheNumSets * cacheLineSize * cachePhysPartitions * cacheNumWays)
+			if typ == 0 {
+				return
+			}
+
+			switch level {
+			case 1:
+				switch typ {
+				case 1:
+					// Data cache
+					c.Cache.L1D = size
+				case 2:
+					// Inst cache
+					c.Cache.L1I = size
+				default:
+					if c.Cache.L1D < 0 {
+						c.Cache.L1I = size
+					}
+					if c.Cache.L1I < 0 {
+						c.Cache.L1I = size
+					}
+				}
+			case 2:
+				c.Cache.L2 = size
+			case 3:
+				c.Cache.L3 = size
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+type SGXEPCSection struct {
+	BaseAddress uint64
+	EPCSize     uint64
+}
+
+type SGXSupport struct {
+	Available           bool
+	LaunchControl       bool
+	SGX1Supported       bool
+	SGX2Supported       bool
+	MaxEnclaveSizeNot64 int64
+	MaxEnclaveSize64    int64
+	EPCSections         []SGXEPCSection
+}
+
+func hasSGX(available, lc bool) (rval SGXSupport) {
+	rval.Available = available
+
+	if !available {
+		return
+	}
+
+	rval.LaunchControl = lc
+
+	a, _, _, d := cpuidex(0x12, 0)
+	rval.SGX1Supported = a&0x01 != 0
+	rval.SGX2Supported = a&0x02 != 0
+	rval.MaxEnclaveSizeNot64 = 1 << (d & 0xFF)     // pow 2
+	rval.MaxEnclaveSize64 = 1 << ((d >> 8) & 0xFF) // pow 2
+	rval.EPCSections = make([]SGXEPCSection, 0)
+
+	for subleaf := uint32(2); subleaf < 2+8; subleaf++ {
+		eax, ebx, ecx, edx := cpuidex(0x12, subleaf)
+		leafType := eax & 0xf
+
+		if leafType == 0 {
+			// Invalid subleaf, stop iterating
+			break
+		} else if leafType == 1 {
+			// EPC Section subleaf
+			baseAddress := uint64(eax&0xfffff000) + (uint64(ebx&0x000fffff) << 32)
+			size := uint64(ecx&0xfffff000) + (uint64(edx&0x000fffff) << 32)
+
+			section := SGXEPCSection{BaseAddress: baseAddress, EPCSize: size}
+			rval.EPCSections = append(rval.EPCSections, section)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+func support() flagSet {
+	var fs flagSet
+	mfi := maxFunctionID()
+	vend, _ := vendorID()
+	if mfi < 0x1 {
+		return fs
+	}
+	family, model := familyModel()
+
+	_, _, c, d := cpuid(1)
+	fs.setIf((d&(1<<15)) != 0, CMOV)
+	fs.setIf((d&(1<<23)) != 0, MMX)
+	fs.setIf((d&(1<<25)) != 0, MMXEXT)
+	fs.setIf((d&(1<<25)) != 0, SSE)
+	fs.setIf((d&(1<<26)) != 0, SSE2)
+	fs.setIf((c&1) != 0, SSE3)
+	fs.setIf((c&(1<<5)) != 0, VMX)
+	fs.setIf((c&0x00000200) != 0, SSSE3)
+	fs.setIf((c&0x00080000) != 0, SSE4)
+	fs.setIf((c&0x00100000) != 0, SSE42)
+	fs.setIf((c&(1<<25)) != 0, AESNI)
+	fs.setIf((c&(1<<1)) != 0, CLMUL)
+	fs.setIf(c&(1<<23) != 0, POPCNT)
+	fs.setIf(c&(1<<30) != 0, RDRAND)
+
+	// This bit has been reserved by Intel & AMD for use by hypervisors,
+	// and indicates the presence of a hypervisor.
+	fs.setIf(c&(1<<31) != 0, HYPERVISOR)
+	fs.setIf(c&(1<<29) != 0, F16C)
+	fs.setIf(c&(1<<13) != 0, CX16)
+
+	if vend == Intel && (d&(1<<28)) != 0 && mfi >= 4 {
+		fs.setIf(threadsPerCore() > 1, HTT)
+	}
+	if vend == AMD && (d&(1<<28)) != 0 && mfi >= 4 {
+		fs.setIf(threadsPerCore() > 1, HTT)
+	}
+	// Check XGETBV/XSAVE (26), OXSAVE (27) and AVX (28) bits
+	const avxCheck = 1<<26 | 1<<27 | 1<<28
+	if c&avxCheck == avxCheck {
+		// Check for OS support
+		eax, _ := xgetbv(0)
+		if (eax & 0x6) == 0x6 {
+			fs.set(AVX)
+			switch vend {
+			case Intel:
+				// Older than Haswell.
+				fs.setIf(family == 6 && model < 60, AVXSLOW)
+			case AMD:
+				// Older than Zen 2
+				fs.setIf(family < 23 || (family == 23 && model < 49), AVXSLOW)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// FMA3 can be used with SSE registers, so no OS support is strictly needed.
+	// fma3 and OSXSAVE needed.
+	const fma3Check = 1<<12 | 1<<27
+	fs.setIf(c&fma3Check == fma3Check, FMA3)
+
+	// Check AVX2, AVX2 requires OS support, but BMI1/2 don't.
+	if mfi >= 7 {
+		_, ebx, ecx, edx := cpuidex(7, 0)
+		eax1, _, _, _ := cpuidex(7, 1)
+		if fs.inSet(AVX) && (ebx&0x00000020) != 0 {
+			fs.set(AVX2)
+		}
+		// CPUID.(EAX=7, ECX=0).EBX
+		if (ebx & 0x00000008) != 0 {
+			fs.set(BMI1)
+			fs.setIf((ebx&0x00000100) != 0, BMI2)
+		}
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<2) != 0, SGX)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<4) != 0, HLE)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<9) != 0, ERMS)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<11) != 0, RTM)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<14) != 0, MPX)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<18) != 0, RDSEED)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<19) != 0, ADX)
+		fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<29) != 0, SHA)
+		// CPUID.(EAX=7, ECX=0).ECX
+		fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<5) != 0, WAITPKG)
+		fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<25) != 0, CLDEMOTE)
+		fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<27) != 0, MOVDIRI)
+		fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<28) != 0, MOVDIR64B)
+		fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<29) != 0, ENQCMD)
+		fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<30) != 0, SGXLC)
+		// CPUID.(EAX=7, ECX=0).EDX
+		fs.setIf(edx&(1<<11) != 0, RTM_ALWAYS_ABORT)
+		fs.setIf(edx&(1<<14) != 0, SERIALIZE)
+		fs.setIf(edx&(1<<16) != 0, TSXLDTRK)
+		fs.setIf(edx&(1<<26) != 0, IBPB)
+		fs.setIf(edx&(1<<27) != 0, STIBP)
+
+		// Only detect AVX-512 features if XGETBV is supported
+		if c&((1<<26)|(1<<27)) == (1<<26)|(1<<27) {
+			// Check for OS support
+			eax, _ := xgetbv(0)
+
+			// Verify that XCR0[7:5] = ‘111b’ (OPMASK state, upper 256-bit of ZMM0-ZMM15 and
+			// ZMM16-ZMM31 state are enabled by OS)
+			/// and that XCR0[2:1] = ‘11b’ (XMM state and YMM state are enabled by OS).
+			hasAVX512 := (eax>>5)&7 == 7 && (eax>>1)&3 == 3
+			if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+				hasAVX512 = fs.inSet(AVX) && darwinHasAVX512()
+			}
+			if hasAVX512 {
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<16) != 0, AVX512F)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<17) != 0, AVX512DQ)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<21) != 0, AVX512IFMA)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<26) != 0, AVX512PF)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<27) != 0, AVX512ER)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<28) != 0, AVX512CD)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<30) != 0, AVX512BW)
+				fs.setIf(ebx&(1<<31) != 0, AVX512VL)
+				// ecx
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<1) != 0, AVX512VBMI)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<6) != 0, AVX512VBMI2)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<8) != 0, GFNI)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<9) != 0, VAES)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<10) != 0, VPCLMULQDQ)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<11) != 0, AVX512VNNI)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<12) != 0, AVX512BITALG)
+				fs.setIf(ecx&(1<<14) != 0, AVX512VPOPCNTDQ)
+				// edx
+				fs.setIf(edx&(1<<8) != 0, AVX512VP2INTERSECT)
+				fs.setIf(edx&(1<<22) != 0, AMXBF16)
+				fs.setIf(edx&(1<<23) != 0, AVX512FP16)
+				fs.setIf(edx&(1<<24) != 0, AMXTILE)
+				fs.setIf(edx&(1<<25) != 0, AMXINT8)
+				// eax1 = CPUID.(EAX=7, ECX=1).EAX
+				fs.setIf(eax1&(1<<5) != 0, AVX512BF16)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x80000001 {
+		_, _, c, d := cpuid(0x80000001)
+		if (c & (1 << 5)) != 0 {
+			fs.set(LZCNT)
+			fs.set(POPCNT)
+		}
+		fs.setIf((c&(1<<10)) != 0, IBS)
+		fs.setIf((d&(1<<31)) != 0, AMD3DNOW)
+		fs.setIf((d&(1<<30)) != 0, AMD3DNOWEXT)
+		fs.setIf((d&(1<<23)) != 0, MMX)
+		fs.setIf((d&(1<<22)) != 0, MMXEXT)
+		fs.setIf((c&(1<<6)) != 0, SSE4A)
+		fs.setIf(d&(1<<20) != 0, NX)
+		fs.setIf(d&(1<<27) != 0, RDTSCP)
+
+		/* XOP and FMA4 use the AVX instruction coding scheme, so they can't be
+		 * used unless the OS has AVX support. */
+		if fs.inSet(AVX) {
+			fs.setIf((c&0x00000800) != 0, XOP)
+			fs.setIf((c&0x00010000) != 0, FMA4)
+		}
+
+	}
+	if maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x80000007 {
+		_, b, _, d := cpuid(0x80000007)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<0)) != 0, MCAOVERFLOW)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<1)) != 0, SUCCOR)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<2)) != 0, HWA)
+		fs.setIf((d&(1<<9)) != 0, CPBOOST)
+	}
+
+	if maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x80000008 {
+		_, b, _, _ := cpuid(0x80000008)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<9)) != 0, WBNOINVD)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<8)) != 0, MCOMMIT)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<13)) != 0, INT_WBINVD)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<4)) != 0, RDPRU)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<3)) != 0, INVLPGB)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<1)) != 0, MSRIRC)
+		fs.setIf((b&(1<<0)) != 0, CLZERO)
+	}
+
+	if maxExtendedFunction() >= 0x8000001b && fs.inSet(IBS) {
+		eax, _, _, _ := cpuid(0x8000001b)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>0)&1 == 1, IBSFFV)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>1)&1 == 1, IBSFETCHSAM)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>2)&1 == 1, IBSOPSAM)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>3)&1 == 1, IBSRDWROPCNT)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>4)&1 == 1, IBSOPCNT)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>5)&1 == 1, IBSBRNTRGT)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>6)&1 == 1, IBSOPCNTEXT)
+		fs.setIf((eax>>7)&1 == 1, IBSRIPINVALIDCHK)
+	}
+
+	return fs
+}
+
+func valAsString(values ...uint32) []byte {
+	r := make([]byte, 4*len(values))
+	for i, v := range values {
+		dst := r[i*4:]
+		dst[0] = byte(v & 0xff)
+		dst[1] = byte((v >> 8) & 0xff)
+		dst[2] = byte((v >> 16) & 0xff)
+		dst[3] = byte((v >> 24) & 0xff)
+		switch {
+		case dst[0] == 0:
+			return r[:i*4]
+		case dst[1] == 0:
+			return r[:i*4+1]
+		case dst[2] == 0:
+			return r[:i*4+2]
+		case dst[3] == 0:
+			return r[:i*4+3]
+		}
+	}
+	return r
+}