ruby_memprofiler_pprof 0.0.1

data/ext/ruby_memprofiler_pprof/vendor/upb/upb/decode_fast.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2021, Google LLC
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google LLC nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Google LLC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+// Fast decoder: ~3x the speed of decode.c, but requires x86-64/ARM64.
+// Also the table size grows by 2x.
+//
+// Could potentially be ported to other 64-bit archs that pass at least six
+// arguments in registers and have 8 unused high bits in pointers.
+//
+// The overall design is to create specialized functions for every possible
+// field type (eg. oneof boolean field with a 1 byte tag) and then dispatch
+// to the specialized function as quickly as possible.
+
+#include "upb/decode_fast.h"
+
+#include "upb/decode_internal.h"
+
+/* Must be last. */
+#include "upb/port_def.inc"
+
+#if UPB_FASTTABLE
+
+// The standard set of arguments passed to each parsing function.
+// Thanks to x86-64 calling conventions, these will stay in registers.
+#define UPB_PARSE_PARAMS                                             \
+  upb_Decoder *d, const char *ptr, upb_Message *msg, intptr_t table, \
+      uint64_t hasbits, uint64_t data
+
+#define UPB_PARSE_ARGS d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data
+
+#define RETURN_GENERIC(m)                                 \
+  /* Uncomment either of these for debugging purposes. */ \
+  /* fprintf(stderr, m); */                               \
+  /*__builtin_trap(); */                                  \
+  return fastdecode_generic(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, 0);
+
+typedef enum {
+  CARD_s = 0, /* Singular (optional, non-repeated) */
+  CARD_o = 1, /* Oneof */
+  CARD_r = 2, /* Repeated */
+  CARD_p = 3  /* Packed Repeated */
+} upb_card;
+
+UPB_NOINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_isdonefallback(UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) {
+  int overrun = data;
+  int status;
+  ptr = decode_isdonefallback_inl(d, ptr, overrun, &status);
+  if (ptr == NULL) {
+    return fastdecode_err(d, status);
+  }
+  data = fastdecode_loadtag(ptr);
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) {
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(ptr >= d->limit_ptr)) {
+    int overrun = ptr - d->end;
+    if (UPB_LIKELY(overrun == d->limit)) {
+      // Parse is finished.
+      *(uint32_t*)msg |= hasbits;  // Sync hasbits.
+      const upb_MiniTable* l = decode_totablep(table);
+      return UPB_UNLIKELY(l->required_count)
+                 ? decode_checkrequired(d, ptr, msg, l)
+                 : ptr;
+    } else {
+      data = overrun;
+      UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_isdonefallback(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Read two bytes of tag data (for a one-byte tag, the high byte is junk).
+  data = fastdecode_loadtag(ptr);
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static bool fastdecode_checktag(uint16_t data, int tagbytes) {
+  if (tagbytes == 1) {
+    return (data & 0xff) == 0;
+  } else {
+    return data == 0;
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_longsize(const char* ptr, int* size) {
+  int i;
+  UPB_ASSERT(*size & 0x80);
+  *size &= 0xff;
+  for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    ptr++;
+    size_t byte = (uint8_t)ptr[-1];
+    *size += (byte - 1) << (7 + 7 * i);
+    if (UPB_LIKELY((byte & 0x80) == 0)) return ptr;
+  }
+  ptr++;
+  size_t byte = (uint8_t)ptr[-1];
+  // len is limited by 2gb not 4gb, hence 8 and not 16 as normally expected
+  // for a 32 bit varint.
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(byte >= 8)) return NULL;
+  *size += (byte - 1) << 28;
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static bool fastdecode_boundscheck(const char* ptr, size_t len,
+                                   const char* end) {
+  uintptr_t uptr = (uintptr_t)ptr;
+  uintptr_t uend = (uintptr_t)end + 16;
+  uintptr_t res = uptr + len;
+  return res < uptr || res > uend;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static bool fastdecode_boundscheck2(const char* ptr, size_t len,
+                                    const char* end) {
+  // This is one extra branch compared to the more normal:
+  //   return (size_t)(end - ptr) < size;
+  // However it is one less computation if we are just about to use "ptr + len":
+  //   https://godbolt.org/z/35YGPz
+  // In microbenchmarks this shows an overall 4% improvement.
+  uintptr_t uptr = (uintptr_t)ptr;
+  uintptr_t uend = (uintptr_t)end;
+  uintptr_t res = uptr + len;
+  return res < uptr || res > uend;
+}
+
+typedef const char* fastdecode_delimfunc(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr,
+                                         void* ctx);
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_delimited(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr,
+                                        fastdecode_delimfunc* func, void* ctx) {
+  ptr++;
+  int len = (int8_t)ptr[-1];
+  if (fastdecode_boundscheck2(ptr, len, d->limit_ptr)) {
+    // Slow case: Sub-message is >=128 bytes and/or exceeds the current buffer.
+    // If it exceeds the buffer limit, limit/limit_ptr will change during
+    // sub-message parsing, so we need to preserve delta, not limit.
+    if (UPB_UNLIKELY(len & 0x80)) {
+      // Size varint >1 byte (length >= 128).
+      ptr = fastdecode_longsize(ptr, &len);
+      if (!ptr) {
+        // Corrupt wire format: size exceeded INT_MAX.
+        return NULL;
+      }
+    }
+    if (ptr - d->end + (int)len > d->limit) {
+      // Corrupt wire format: invalid limit.
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    int delta = decode_pushlimit(d, ptr, len);
+    ptr = func(d, ptr, ctx);
+    decode_poplimit(d, ptr, delta);
+  } else {
+    // Fast case: Sub-message is <128 bytes and fits in the current buffer.
+    // This means we can preserve limit/limit_ptr verbatim.
+    const char* saved_limit_ptr = d->limit_ptr;
+    int saved_limit = d->limit;
+    d->limit_ptr = ptr + len;
+    d->limit = d->limit_ptr - d->end;
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->limit_ptr == d->end + UPB_MIN(0, d->limit));
+    ptr = func(d, ptr, ctx);
+    d->limit_ptr = saved_limit_ptr;
+    d->limit = saved_limit;
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->limit_ptr == d->end + UPB_MIN(0, d->limit));
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+/* singular, oneof, repeated field handling ***********************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_Array* arr;
+  void* end;
+} fastdecode_arr;
+
+typedef enum {
+  FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT,
+  FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD,
+  FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD
+} fastdecode_next;
+
+typedef struct {
+  void* dst;
+  fastdecode_next next;
+  uint32_t tag;
+} fastdecode_nextret;
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static void* fastdecode_resizearr(upb_Decoder* d, void* dst,
+                                  fastdecode_arr* farr, int valbytes) {
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(dst == farr->end)) {
+    size_t old_size = farr->arr->size;
+    size_t old_bytes = old_size * valbytes;
+    size_t new_size = old_size * 2;
+    size_t new_bytes = new_size * valbytes;
+    char* old_ptr = _upb_array_ptr(farr->arr);
+    char* new_ptr = upb_Arena_Realloc(&d->arena, old_ptr, old_bytes, new_bytes);
+    uint8_t elem_size_lg2 = __builtin_ctz(valbytes);
+    farr->arr->size = new_size;
+    farr->arr->data = _upb_array_tagptr(new_ptr, elem_size_lg2);
+    dst = (void*)(new_ptr + (old_size * valbytes));
+    farr->end = (void*)(new_ptr + (new_size * valbytes));
+  }
+  return dst;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static bool fastdecode_tagmatch(uint32_t tag, uint64_t data, int tagbytes) {
+  if (tagbytes == 1) {
+    return (uint8_t)tag == (uint8_t)data;
+  } else {
+    return (uint16_t)tag == (uint16_t)data;
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static void fastdecode_commitarr(void* dst, fastdecode_arr* farr,
+                                 int valbytes) {
+  farr->arr->len =
+      (size_t)((char*)dst - (char*)_upb_array_ptr(farr->arr)) / valbytes;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static fastdecode_nextret fastdecode_nextrepeated(upb_Decoder* d, void* dst,
+                                                  const char** ptr,
+                                                  fastdecode_arr* farr,
+                                                  uint64_t data, int tagbytes,
+                                                  int valbytes) {
+  fastdecode_nextret ret;
+  dst = (char*)dst + valbytes;
+
+  if (UPB_LIKELY(!decode_isdone(d, ptr))) {
+    ret.tag = fastdecode_loadtag(*ptr);
+    if (fastdecode_tagmatch(ret.tag, data, tagbytes)) {
+      ret.next = FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD;
+    } else {
+      fastdecode_commitarr(dst, farr, valbytes);
+      ret.next = FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD;
+    }
+  } else {
+    fastdecode_commitarr(dst, farr, valbytes);
+    ret.next = FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT;
+  }
+
+  ret.dst = dst;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static void* fastdecode_fieldmem(upb_Message* msg, uint64_t data) {
+  size_t ofs = data >> 48;
+  return (char*)msg + ofs;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static void* fastdecode_getfield(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr,
+                                 upb_Message* msg, uint64_t* data,
+                                 uint64_t* hasbits, fastdecode_arr* farr,
+                                 int valbytes, upb_card card) {
+  switch (card) {
+    case CARD_s: {
+      uint8_t hasbit_index = *data >> 24;
+      // Set hasbit and return pointer to scalar field.
+      *hasbits |= 1ull << hasbit_index;
+      return fastdecode_fieldmem(msg, *data);
+    }
+    case CARD_o: {
+      uint16_t case_ofs = *data >> 32;
+      uint32_t* oneof_case = UPB_PTR_AT(msg, case_ofs, uint32_t);
+      uint8_t field_number = *data >> 24;
+      *oneof_case = field_number;
+      return fastdecode_fieldmem(msg, *data);
+    }
+    case CARD_r: {
+      // Get pointer to upb_Array and allocate/expand if necessary.
+      uint8_t elem_size_lg2 = __builtin_ctz(valbytes);
+      upb_Array** arr_p = fastdecode_fieldmem(msg, *data);
+      char* begin;
+      *(uint32_t*)msg |= *hasbits;
+      *hasbits = 0;
+      if (UPB_LIKELY(!*arr_p)) {
+        farr->arr = _upb_Array_New(&d->arena, 8, elem_size_lg2);
+        *arr_p = farr->arr;
+      } else {
+        farr->arr = *arr_p;
+      }
+      begin = _upb_array_ptr(farr->arr);
+      farr->end = begin + (farr->arr->size * valbytes);
+      *data = fastdecode_loadtag(ptr);
+      return begin + (farr->arr->len * valbytes);
+    }
+    default:
+      UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static bool fastdecode_flippacked(uint64_t* data, int tagbytes) {
+  *data ^= (0x2 ^ 0x0);  // Patch data to match packed wiretype.
+  return fastdecode_checktag(*data, tagbytes);
+}
+
+#define FASTDECODE_CHECKPACKED(tagbytes, card, func)                \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(!fastdecode_checktag(data, tagbytes))) {         \
+    if (card == CARD_r && fastdecode_flippacked(&data, tagbytes)) { \
+      UPB_MUSTTAIL return func(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                     \
+    }                                                               \
+    RETURN_GENERIC("packed check tag mismatch\n");                  \
+  }
+
+/* varint fields **************************************************************/
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static uint64_t fastdecode_munge(uint64_t val, int valbytes, bool zigzag) {
+  if (valbytes == 1) {
+    return val != 0;
+  } else if (zigzag) {
+    if (valbytes == 4) {
+      uint32_t n = val;
+      return (n >> 1) ^ -(int32_t)(n & 1);
+    } else if (valbytes == 8) {
+      return (val >> 1) ^ -(int64_t)(val & 1);
+    }
+    UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+  }
+  return val;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_varint64(const char* ptr, uint64_t* val) {
+  ptr++;
+  *val = (uint8_t)ptr[-1];
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(*val & 0x80)) {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      ptr++;
+      uint64_t byte = (uint8_t)ptr[-1];
+      *val += (byte - 1) << (7 + 7 * i);
+      if (UPB_LIKELY((byte & 0x80) == 0)) goto done;
+    }
+    ptr++;
+    uint64_t byte = (uint8_t)ptr[-1];
+    if (byte > 1) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    *val += (byte - 1) << 63;
+  }
+done:
+  UPB_ASSUME(ptr != NULL);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+#define FASTDECODE_UNPACKEDVARINT(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                                  valbytes, card, zigzag, packed)              \
+  uint64_t val;                                                                \
+  void* dst;                                                                   \
+  fastdecode_arr farr;                                                         \
+                                                                               \
+  FASTDECODE_CHECKPACKED(tagbytes, card, packed);                              \
+                                                                               \
+  dst = fastdecode_getfield(d, ptr, msg, &data, &hasbits, &farr, valbytes,     \
+                            card);                                             \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                        \
+    if (UPB_UNLIKELY(!dst)) {                                                  \
+      RETURN_GENERIC("need array resize\n");                                   \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  again:                                                                       \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                        \
+    dst = fastdecode_resizearr(d, dst, &farr, valbytes);                       \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  ptr += tagbytes;                                                             \
+  ptr = fastdecode_varint64(ptr, &val);                                        \
+  if (ptr == NULL) return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_Malformed);      \
+  val = fastdecode_munge(val, valbytes, zigzag);                               \
+  memcpy(dst, &val, valbytes);                                                 \
+                                                                               \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                        \
+    fastdecode_nextret ret = fastdecode_nextrepeated(                          \
+        d, dst, &ptr, &farr, data, tagbytes, valbytes);                        \
+    switch (ret.next) {                                                        \
+      case FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD:                                                  \
+        dst = ret.dst;                                                         \
+        goto again;                                                            \
+      case FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD:                                                 \
+        data = ret.tag;                                                        \
+        UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);            \
+      case FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT:                                                    \
+        return ptr;                                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t valbytes;
+  bool zigzag;
+  void* dst;
+  fastdecode_arr farr;
+} fastdecode_varintdata;
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_topackedvarint(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr,
+                                             void* ctx) {
+  fastdecode_varintdata* data = ctx;
+  void* dst = data->dst;
+  uint64_t val;
+
+  while (!decode_isdone(d, &ptr)) {
+    dst = fastdecode_resizearr(d, dst, &data->farr, data->valbytes);
+    ptr = fastdecode_varint64(ptr, &val);
+    if (ptr == NULL) return NULL;
+    val = fastdecode_munge(val, data->valbytes, data->zigzag);
+    memcpy(dst, &val, data->valbytes);
+    dst = (char*)dst + data->valbytes;
+  }
+
+  fastdecode_commitarr(dst, &data->farr, data->valbytes);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+#define FASTDECODE_PACKEDVARINT(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                                valbytes, zigzag, unpacked)                  \
+  fastdecode_varintdata ctx = {valbytes, zigzag};                            \
+                                                                             \
+  FASTDECODE_CHECKPACKED(tagbytes, CARD_r, unpacked);                        \
+                                                                             \
+  ctx.dst = fastdecode_getfield(d, ptr, msg, &data, &hasbits, &ctx.farr,     \
+                                valbytes, CARD_r);                           \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(!ctx.dst)) {                                              \
+    RETURN_GENERIC("need array resize\n");                                   \
+  }                                                                          \
+                                                                             \
+  ptr += tagbytes;                                                           \
+  ptr = fastdecode_delimited(d, ptr, &fastdecode_topackedvarint, &ctx);      \
+                                                                             \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(ptr == NULL)) {                                           \
+    return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_Malformed);                   \
+  }                                                                          \
+                                                                             \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, 0);
+
+#define FASTDECODE_VARINT(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,     \
+                          valbytes, card, zigzag, unpacked, packed)        \
+  if (card == CARD_p) {                                                    \
+    FASTDECODE_PACKEDVARINT(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,   \
+                            valbytes, zigzag, unpacked);                   \
+  } else {                                                                 \
+    FASTDECODE_UNPACKEDVARINT(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                              valbytes, card, zigzag, packed);             \
+  }
+
+#define z_ZZ true
+#define b_ZZ false
+#define v_ZZ false
+
+/* Generate all combinations:
+ * {s,o,r,p} x {b1,v4,z4,v8,z8} x {1bt,2bt} */
+
+#define F(card, type, valbytes, tagbytes)                                      \
+  UPB_NOINLINE                                                                 \
+  const char* upb_p##card##type##valbytes##_##tagbytes##bt(UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) { \
+    FASTDECODE_VARINT(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, valbytes,   \
+                      CARD_##card, type##_ZZ,                                  \
+                      upb_pr##type##valbytes##_##tagbytes##bt,                 \
+                      upb_pp##type##valbytes##_##tagbytes##bt);                \
+  }
+
+#define TYPES(card, tagbytes) \
+  F(card, b, 1, tagbytes)     \
+  F(card, v, 4, tagbytes)     \
+  F(card, v, 8, tagbytes)     \
+  F(card, z, 4, tagbytes)     \
+  F(card, z, 8, tagbytes)
+
+#define TAGBYTES(card) \
+  TYPES(card, 1)       \
+  TYPES(card, 2)
+
+TAGBYTES(s)
+TAGBYTES(o)
+TAGBYTES(r)
+TAGBYTES(p)
+
+#undef z_ZZ
+#undef b_ZZ
+#undef v_ZZ
+#undef o_ONEOF
+#undef s_ONEOF
+#undef r_ONEOF
+#undef F
+#undef TYPES
+#undef TAGBYTES
+#undef FASTDECODE_UNPACKEDVARINT
+#undef FASTDECODE_PACKEDVARINT
+#undef FASTDECODE_VARINT
+
+/* fixed fields ***************************************************************/
+
+#define FASTDECODE_UNPACKEDFIXED(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                                 valbytes, card, packed)                      \
+  void* dst;                                                                  \
+  fastdecode_arr farr;                                                        \
+                                                                              \
+  FASTDECODE_CHECKPACKED(tagbytes, card, packed)                              \
+                                                                              \
+  dst = fastdecode_getfield(d, ptr, msg, &data, &hasbits, &farr, valbytes,    \
+                            card);                                            \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                       \
+    if (UPB_UNLIKELY(!dst)) {                                                 \
+      RETURN_GENERIC("couldn't allocate array in arena\n");                   \
+    }                                                                         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  again:                                                                      \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                       \
+    dst = fastdecode_resizearr(d, dst, &farr, valbytes);                      \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  ptr += tagbytes;                                                            \
+  memcpy(dst, ptr, valbytes);                                                 \
+  ptr += valbytes;                                                            \
+                                                                              \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                       \
+    fastdecode_nextret ret = fastdecode_nextrepeated(                         \
+        d, dst, &ptr, &farr, data, tagbytes, valbytes);                       \
+    switch (ret.next) {                                                       \
+      case FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD:                                                 \
+        dst = ret.dst;                                                        \
+        goto again;                                                           \
+      case FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD:                                                \
+        data = ret.tag;                                                       \
+        UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);           \
+      case FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT:                                                   \
+        return ptr;                                                           \
+    }                                                                         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+
+#define FASTDECODE_PACKEDFIXED(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                               valbytes, unpacked)                          \
+  FASTDECODE_CHECKPACKED(tagbytes, CARD_r, unpacked)                        \
+                                                                            \
+  ptr += tagbytes;                                                          \
+  int size = (uint8_t)ptr[0];                                               \
+  ptr++;                                                                    \
+  if (size & 0x80) {                                                        \
+    ptr = fastdecode_longsize(ptr, &size);                                  \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(fastdecode_boundscheck(ptr, size, d->limit_ptr) ||       \
+                   (size % valbytes) != 0)) {                               \
+    return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_Malformed);                  \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  upb_Array** arr_p = fastdecode_fieldmem(msg, data);                       \
+  upb_Array* arr = *arr_p;                                                  \
+  uint8_t elem_size_lg2 = __builtin_ctz(valbytes);                          \
+  int elems = size / valbytes;                                              \
+                                                                            \
+  if (UPB_LIKELY(!arr)) {                                                   \
+    *arr_p = arr = _upb_Array_New(&d->arena, elems, elem_size_lg2);         \
+    if (!arr) {                                                             \
+      return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_Malformed);                \
+    }                                                                       \
+  } else {                                                                  \
+    _upb_Array_Resize(arr, elems, &d->arena);                               \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  char* dst = _upb_array_ptr(arr);                                          \
+  memcpy(dst, ptr, size);                                                   \
+  arr->len = elems;                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  ptr += size;                                                              \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+
+#define FASTDECODE_FIXED(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,     \
+                         valbytes, card, unpacked, packed)                \
+  if (card == CARD_p) {                                                   \
+    FASTDECODE_PACKEDFIXED(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,   \
+                           valbytes, unpacked);                           \
+  } else {                                                                \
+    FASTDECODE_UNPACKEDFIXED(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                             valbytes, card, packed);                     \
+  }
+
+/* Generate all combinations:
+ * {s,o,r,p} x {f4,f8} x {1bt,2bt} */
+
+#define F(card, valbytes, tagbytes)                                         \
+  UPB_NOINLINE                                                              \
+  const char* upb_p##card##f##valbytes##_##tagbytes##bt(UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) { \
+    FASTDECODE_FIXED(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, valbytes, \
+                     CARD_##card, upb_ppf##valbytes##_##tagbytes##bt,       \
+                     upb_prf##valbytes##_##tagbytes##bt);                   \
+  }
+
+#define TYPES(card, tagbytes) \
+  F(card, 4, tagbytes)        \
+  F(card, 8, tagbytes)
+
+#define TAGBYTES(card) \
+  TYPES(card, 1)       \
+  TYPES(card, 2)
+
+TAGBYTES(s)
+TAGBYTES(o)
+TAGBYTES(r)
+TAGBYTES(p)
+
+#undef F
+#undef TYPES
+#undef TAGBYTES
+#undef FASTDECODE_UNPACKEDFIXED
+#undef FASTDECODE_PACKEDFIXED
+
+/* string fields **************************************************************/
+
+typedef const char* fastdecode_copystr_func(struct upb_Decoder* d,
+                                            const char* ptr, upb_Message* msg,
+                                            const upb_MiniTable* table,
+                                            uint64_t hasbits,
+                                            upb_StringView* dst);
+
+UPB_NOINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_verifyutf8(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr,
+                                         upb_Message* msg, intptr_t table,
+                                         uint64_t hasbits, uint64_t data) {
+  upb_StringView* dst = (upb_StringView*)data;
+  if (!decode_verifyutf8_inl(dst->data, dst->size)) {
+    return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_BadUtf8);
+  }
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+}
+
+#define FASTDECODE_LONGSTRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, dst, validate_utf8) \
+  int size = (uint8_t)ptr[0]; /* Could plumb through hasbits. */               \
+  ptr++;                                                                       \
+  if (size & 0x80) {                                                           \
+    ptr = fastdecode_longsize(ptr, &size);                                     \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(fastdecode_boundscheck(ptr, size, d->limit_ptr))) {         \
+    dst->size = 0;                                                             \
+    return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_Malformed);                     \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  if (d->options & kUpb_DecodeOption_AliasString) {                            \
+    dst->data = ptr;                                                           \
+    dst->size = size;                                                          \
+  } else {                                                                     \
+    char* data = upb_Arena_Malloc(&d->arena, size);                            \
+    if (!data) {                                                               \
+      return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_OutOfMemory);                 \
+    }                                                                          \
+    memcpy(data, ptr, size);                                                   \
+    dst->data = data;                                                          \
+    dst->size = size;                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  ptr += size;                                                                 \
+  if (validate_utf8) {                                                         \
+    data = (uint64_t)dst;                                                      \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_verifyutf8(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                 \
+  } else {                                                                     \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                   \
+  }
+
+UPB_NOINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_longstring_utf8(struct upb_Decoder* d,
+                                              const char* ptr, upb_Message* msg,
+                                              intptr_t table, uint64_t hasbits,
+                                              uint64_t data) {
+  upb_StringView* dst = (upb_StringView*)data;
+  FASTDECODE_LONGSTRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, dst, true);
+}
+
+UPB_NOINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_longstring_noutf8(
+    struct upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr, upb_Message* msg, intptr_t table,
+    uint64_t hasbits, uint64_t data) {
+  upb_StringView* dst = (upb_StringView*)data;
+  FASTDECODE_LONGSTRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, dst, false);
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static void fastdecode_docopy(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr, uint32_t size,
+                              int copy, char* data, upb_StringView* dst) {
+  d->arena.head.ptr += copy;
+  dst->data = data;
+  UPB_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(data, copy);
+  memcpy(data, ptr, copy);
+  UPB_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(data + size, copy - size);
+}
+
+#define FASTDECODE_COPYSTRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,    \
+                              card, validate_utf8)                            \
+  upb_StringView* dst;                                                        \
+  fastdecode_arr farr;                                                        \
+  int64_t size;                                                               \
+  size_t arena_has;                                                           \
+  size_t common_has;                                                          \
+  char* buf;                                                                  \
+                                                                              \
+  UPB_ASSERT((d->options & kUpb_DecodeOption_AliasString) == 0);              \
+  UPB_ASSERT(fastdecode_checktag(data, tagbytes));                            \
+                                                                              \
+  dst = fastdecode_getfield(d, ptr, msg, &data, &hasbits, &farr,              \
+                            sizeof(upb_StringView), card);                    \
+                                                                              \
+  again:                                                                      \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                       \
+    dst = fastdecode_resizearr(d, dst, &farr, sizeof(upb_StringView));        \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  size = (uint8_t)ptr[tagbytes];                                              \
+  ptr += tagbytes + 1;                                                        \
+  dst->size = size;                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  buf = d->arena.head.ptr;                                                    \
+  arena_has = _upb_ArenaHas(&d->arena);                                       \
+  common_has = UPB_MIN(arena_has, (d->end - ptr) + 16);                       \
+                                                                              \
+  if (UPB_LIKELY(size <= 15 - tagbytes)) {                                    \
+    if (arena_has < 16) goto longstr;                                         \
+    d->arena.head.ptr += 16;                                                  \
+    memcpy(buf, ptr - tagbytes - 1, 16);                                      \
+    dst->data = buf + tagbytes + 1;                                           \
+  } else if (UPB_LIKELY(size <= 32)) {                                        \
+    if (UPB_UNLIKELY(common_has < 32)) goto longstr;                          \
+    fastdecode_docopy(d, ptr, size, 32, buf, dst);                            \
+  } else if (UPB_LIKELY(size <= 64)) {                                        \
+    if (UPB_UNLIKELY(common_has < 64)) goto longstr;                          \
+    fastdecode_docopy(d, ptr, size, 64, buf, dst);                            \
+  } else if (UPB_LIKELY(size < 128)) {                                        \
+    if (UPB_UNLIKELY(common_has < 128)) goto longstr;                         \
+    fastdecode_docopy(d, ptr, size, 128, buf, dst);                           \
+  } else {                                                                    \
+    goto longstr;                                                             \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  ptr += size;                                                                \
+                                                                              \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                       \
+    if (validate_utf8 && !decode_verifyutf8_inl(dst->data, dst->size)) {      \
+      return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_BadUtf8);                    \
+    }                                                                         \
+    fastdecode_nextret ret = fastdecode_nextrepeated(                         \
+        d, dst, &ptr, &farr, data, tagbytes, sizeof(upb_StringView));         \
+    switch (ret.next) {                                                       \
+      case FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD:                                                 \
+        dst = ret.dst;                                                        \
+        goto again;                                                           \
+      case FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD:                                                \
+        data = ret.tag;                                                       \
+        UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);           \
+      case FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT:                                                   \
+        return ptr;                                                           \
+    }                                                                         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  if (card != CARD_r && validate_utf8) {                                      \
+    data = (uint64_t)dst;                                                     \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_verifyutf8(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                    \
+                                                                              \
+  longstr:                                                                    \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                       \
+    fastdecode_commitarr(dst + 1, &farr, sizeof(upb_StringView));             \
+  }                                                                           \
+  ptr--;                                                                      \
+  if (validate_utf8) {                                                        \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_longstring_utf8(d, ptr, msg, table,        \
+                                                   hasbits, (uint64_t)dst);   \
+  } else {                                                                    \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_longstring_noutf8(d, ptr, msg, table,      \
+                                                     hasbits, (uint64_t)dst); \
+  }
+
+#define FASTDECODE_STRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, card,   \
+                          copyfunc, validate_utf8)                             \
+  upb_StringView* dst;                                                         \
+  fastdecode_arr farr;                                                         \
+  int64_t size;                                                                \
+                                                                               \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(!fastdecode_checktag(data, tagbytes))) {                    \
+    RETURN_GENERIC("string field tag mismatch\n");                             \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY((d->options & kUpb_DecodeOption_AliasString) == 0)) {       \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return copyfunc(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                              \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  dst = fastdecode_getfield(d, ptr, msg, &data, &hasbits, &farr,               \
+                            sizeof(upb_StringView), card);                     \
+                                                                               \
+  again:                                                                       \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                        \
+    dst = fastdecode_resizearr(d, dst, &farr, sizeof(upb_StringView));         \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  size = (int8_t)ptr[tagbytes];                                                \
+  ptr += tagbytes + 1;                                                         \
+  dst->data = ptr;                                                             \
+  dst->size = size;                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(fastdecode_boundscheck(ptr, size, d->end))) {               \
+    ptr--;                                                                     \
+    if (validate_utf8) {                                                       \
+      return fastdecode_longstring_utf8(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits,           \
+                                        (uint64_t)dst);                        \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+      return fastdecode_longstring_noutf8(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits,         \
+                                          (uint64_t)dst);                      \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  ptr += size;                                                                 \
+                                                                               \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                        \
+    if (validate_utf8 && !decode_verifyutf8_inl(dst->data, dst->size)) {       \
+      return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_BadUtf8);                     \
+    }                                                                          \
+    fastdecode_nextret ret = fastdecode_nextrepeated(                          \
+        d, dst, &ptr, &farr, data, tagbytes, sizeof(upb_StringView));          \
+    switch (ret.next) {                                                        \
+      case FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD:                                                  \
+        dst = ret.dst;                                                         \
+        if (UPB_UNLIKELY((d->options & kUpb_DecodeOption_AliasString) == 0)) { \
+          /* Buffer flipped and we can't alias any more. Bounce to */          \
+          /* copyfunc(), but via dispatch since we need to reload table */     \
+          /* data also. */                                                     \
+          fastdecode_commitarr(dst, &farr, sizeof(upb_StringView));            \
+          data = ret.tag;                                                      \
+          UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);          \
+        }                                                                      \
+        goto again;                                                            \
+      case FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD:                                                 \
+        data = ret.tag;                                                        \
+        UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);            \
+      case FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT:                                                    \
+        return ptr;                                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  if (card != CARD_r && validate_utf8) {                                       \
+    data = (uint64_t)dst;                                                      \
+    UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_verifyutf8(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);                 \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+
+/* Generate all combinations:
+ * {p,c} x {s,o,r} x {s, b} x {1bt,2bt} */
+
+#define s_VALIDATE true
+#define b_VALIDATE false
+
+#define F(card, tagbytes, type)                                        \
+  UPB_NOINLINE                                                         \
+  const char* upb_c##card##type##_##tagbytes##bt(UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) {   \
+    FASTDECODE_COPYSTRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, \
+                          CARD_##card, type##_VALIDATE);               \
+  }                                                                    \
+  const char* upb_p##card##type##_##tagbytes##bt(UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) {   \
+    FASTDECODE_STRING(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,     \
+                      CARD_##card, upb_c##card##type##_##tagbytes##bt, \
+                      type##_VALIDATE);                                \
+  }
+
+#define UTF8(card, tagbytes) \
+  F(card, tagbytes, s)       \
+  F(card, tagbytes, b)
+
+#define TAGBYTES(card) \
+  UTF8(card, 1)        \
+  UTF8(card, 2)
+
+TAGBYTES(s)
+TAGBYTES(o)
+TAGBYTES(r)
+
+#undef s_VALIDATE
+#undef b_VALIDATE
+#undef F
+#undef TAGBYTES
+#undef FASTDECODE_LONGSTRING
+#undef FASTDECODE_COPYSTRING
+#undef FASTDECODE_STRING
+
+/* message fields *************************************************************/
+
+UPB_INLINE
+upb_Message* decode_newmsg_ceil(upb_Decoder* d, const upb_MiniTable* l,
+                                int msg_ceil_bytes) {
+  size_t size = l->size + sizeof(upb_Message_Internal);
+  char* msg_data;
+  if (UPB_LIKELY(msg_ceil_bytes > 0 &&
+                 _upb_ArenaHas(&d->arena) >= msg_ceil_bytes)) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(size <= (size_t)msg_ceil_bytes);
+    msg_data = d->arena.head.ptr;
+    d->arena.head.ptr += size;
+    UPB_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(msg_data, msg_ceil_bytes);
+    memset(msg_data, 0, msg_ceil_bytes);
+    UPB_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(msg_data + size, msg_ceil_bytes - size);
+  } else {
+    msg_data = (char*)upb_Arena_Malloc(&d->arena, size);
+    memset(msg_data, 0, size);
+  }
+  return msg_data + sizeof(upb_Message_Internal);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  intptr_t table;
+  upb_Message* msg;
+} fastdecode_submsgdata;
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE
+static const char* fastdecode_tosubmsg(upb_Decoder* d, const char* ptr,
+                                       void* ctx) {
+  fastdecode_submsgdata* submsg = ctx;
+  ptr = fastdecode_dispatch(d, ptr, submsg->msg, submsg->table, 0, 0);
+  UPB_ASSUME(ptr != NULL);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+#define FASTDECODE_SUBMSG(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes,    \
+                          msg_ceil_bytes, card)                           \
+                                                                          \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(!fastdecode_checktag(data, tagbytes))) {               \
+    RETURN_GENERIC("submessage field tag mismatch\n");                    \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  if (--d->depth == 0) {                                                  \
+    return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_MaxDepthExceeded);         \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  upb_Message** dst;                                                      \
+  uint32_t submsg_idx = (data >> 16) & 0xff;                              \
+  const upb_MiniTable* tablep = decode_totablep(table);                   \
+  const upb_MiniTable* subtablep = tablep->subs[submsg_idx].submsg;       \
+  fastdecode_submsgdata submsg = {decode_totable(subtablep)};             \
+  fastdecode_arr farr;                                                    \
+                                                                          \
+  if (subtablep->table_mask == (uint8_t)-1) {                             \
+    RETURN_GENERIC("submessage doesn't have fast tables.");               \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  dst = fastdecode_getfield(d, ptr, msg, &data, &hasbits, &farr,          \
+                            sizeof(upb_Message*), card);                  \
+                                                                          \
+  if (card == CARD_s) {                                                   \
+    *(uint32_t*)msg |= hasbits;                                           \
+    hasbits = 0;                                                          \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  again:                                                                  \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                   \
+    dst = fastdecode_resizearr(d, dst, &farr, sizeof(upb_Message*));      \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  submsg.msg = *dst;                                                      \
+                                                                          \
+  if (card == CARD_r || UPB_LIKELY(!submsg.msg)) {                        \
+    *dst = submsg.msg = decode_newmsg_ceil(d, subtablep, msg_ceil_bytes); \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  ptr += tagbytes;                                                        \
+  ptr = fastdecode_delimited(d, ptr, fastdecode_tosubmsg, &submsg);       \
+                                                                          \
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(ptr == NULL || d->end_group != DECODE_NOGROUP)) {      \
+    return fastdecode_err(d, kUpb_DecodeStatus_Malformed);                \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  if (card == CARD_r) {                                                   \
+    fastdecode_nextret ret = fastdecode_nextrepeated(                     \
+        d, dst, &ptr, &farr, data, tagbytes, sizeof(upb_Message*));       \
+    switch (ret.next) {                                                   \
+      case FD_NEXT_SAMEFIELD:                                             \
+        dst = ret.dst;                                                    \
+        goto again;                                                       \
+      case FD_NEXT_OTHERFIELD:                                            \
+        d->depth++;                                                       \
+        data = ret.tag;                                                   \
+        UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_tagdispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);       \
+      case FD_NEXT_ATLIMIT:                                               \
+        d->depth++;                                                       \
+        return ptr;                                                       \
+    }                                                                     \
+  }                                                                       \
+                                                                          \
+  d->depth++;                                                             \
+  UPB_MUSTTAIL return fastdecode_dispatch(UPB_PARSE_ARGS);
+
+#define F(card, tagbytes, size_ceil, ceil_arg)                               \
+  const char* upb_p##card##m_##tagbytes##bt_max##size_ceil##b(               \
+      UPB_PARSE_PARAMS) {                                                    \
+    FASTDECODE_SUBMSG(d, ptr, msg, table, hasbits, data, tagbytes, ceil_arg, \
+                      CARD_##card);                                          \
+  }
+
+#define SIZES(card, tagbytes) \
+  F(card, tagbytes, 64, 64)   \
+  F(card, tagbytes, 128, 128) \
+  F(card, tagbytes, 192, 192) \
+  F(card, tagbytes, 256, 256) \
+  F(card, tagbytes, max, -1)
+
+#define TAGBYTES(card) \
+  SIZES(card, 1)       \
+  SIZES(card, 2)
+
+TAGBYTES(s)
+TAGBYTES(o)
+TAGBYTES(r)
+
+#undef TAGBYTES
+#undef SIZES
+#undef F
+#undef FASTDECODE_SUBMSG
+
+#endif /* UPB_FASTTABLE */