ruby-vpi 19.0.0 → 20.0.0
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- data/LICENSE +12 -13
- data/README +1 -1
- data/Rakefile +104 -118
- data/TODO +77 -0
- data/bin/convert.rb +1 -1
- data/bin/generate/design.rb +3 -2
- data/bin/generate/loader.rb +1 -0
- data/bin/generate/proto.rb +16 -14
- data/bin/generate/runner.rake +8 -3
- data/bin/generate/spec.rb +11 -13
- data/bin/generate.rb +23 -18
- data/bin/ruby-vpi +36 -27
- data/doc/api/c/annotated.html +36 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/common_8h.html +9 -13
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/doxygen.css +0 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/doxygen.png +0 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/files.html +10 -8
- data/doc/api/c/functions.html +184 -0
- data/doc/api/c/functions_vars.html +184 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals.html +12 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x63.html +12 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x65.html +12 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x66.html +12 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x6d.html +14 -13
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x70.html +21 -20
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x72.html +14 -13
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x74.html +12 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x76.html +17 -16
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_0x78.html +12 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_defs.html +12 -10
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_defs_0x65.html +12 -10
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_defs_0x70.html +12 -10
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_defs_0x76.html +14 -12
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_defs_0x78.html +12 -10
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_enum.html +11 -9
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_eval.html +11 -9
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_func.html +17 -15
- data/doc/api/c/globals_type.html +72 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/globals_vars.html +13 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/index.html +7 -6
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/main_8c.html +7 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/main_8h.html +7 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/relay_8c.html +7 -11
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/relay_8h.html +7 -11
- data/{ref/c/structt__cb__data.html → doc/api/c/structs__cb__data.html} +32 -30
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__delay.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__delay.html} +29 -27
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__error__info.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__error__info.html} +32 -30
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__strengthval.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__strengthval.html} +20 -18
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__systf__data.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__systf__data.html} +32 -30
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__time.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__time.html} +23 -21
- data/doc/api/c/structs__vpi__value.html +207 -0
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__vecval.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__vecval.html} +17 -15
- data/{ref/c/structt__vpi__vlog__info.html → doc/api/c/structs__vpi__vlog__info.html} +23 -21
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/tab_b.gif +0 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/tab_l.gif +0 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/tab_r.gif +0 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/tabs.css +2 -2
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/verilog_8h.html +11 -15
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/vlog_8c.html +14 -18
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/vlog_8h.html +9 -13
- data/{ref → doc/api}/c/vpi__user_8h.html +120 -239
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/ERB.html +7 -7
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/ERB.src/M000025.html +29 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/FileUtils.html +6 -23
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/FileUtils.src/M000026.html +20 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/Float.html +8 -8
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Float.src/M000020.html +19 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/Integer.html +67 -67
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000008.html +25 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000009.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000010.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000011.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000012.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000013.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000016.html +25 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000017.html +31 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000018.html +25 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/Integer.src/M000019.html +30 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/Object.html +3 -3
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/RDoc.html +7 -7
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/RDoc.src/M000541.html +40 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/RubyVPI/SIMULATORS.html +130 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/RubyVPI/SIMULATORS.src/M000028.html +19 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/RubyVPI.html +96 -55
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/RubyVPI.src/M000027.html +34 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/String.html +16 -16
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/String.src/M000021.html +36 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/String.src/M000022.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/String.src/M000023.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/String.src/M000024.html +41 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.html +2098 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000434.html +31 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000435.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000436.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000439.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000440.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000443.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000444.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000447.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000448.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000451.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000452.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000455.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000456.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000459.html +24 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000461.html +21 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000462.html +28 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000463.html +50 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000464.html +19 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000465.html +19 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000466.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000467.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000468.html +30 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000469.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000470.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000471.html +40 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000472.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000473.html +21 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000474.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000475.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000476.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000477.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000478.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000479.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000480.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000481.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000482.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000483.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000484.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000485.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000486.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000487.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000488.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000489.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000490.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000491.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000492.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000493.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000494.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000495.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000496.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000497.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000498.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000499.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000500.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000501.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000502.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000503.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000504.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000505.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000506.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000507.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000508.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000509.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000510.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000511.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000512.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000513.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000514.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000515.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000516.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000517.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000518.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000519.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000520.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000521.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000522.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000523.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000524.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000525.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000526.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000527.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000528.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000529.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000530.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000531.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000532.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000533.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000534.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000535.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000536.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.src/M000537.html +16 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_time.html +18 -18
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_time.src/M000538.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_time.src/M000539.html +19 -0
- data/{ref → doc/api}/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_value.html +17 -17
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_value.src/M000431.html +35 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_value.src/M000432.html +42 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI/S_vpi_value.src/M000433.html +42 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.html +11152 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000029.html +19 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000030.html +18 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000031.html +19 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000033.html +25 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000034.html +26 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000036.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000037.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000038.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000039.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000040.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000041.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000042.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000043.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000044.html +16 -0
- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000045.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/api/ruby/classes/VPI.src/M000048.html +16 -0
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.figure .title
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}
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body
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}
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/* hyperlinks */
|
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a
|
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text-decoration : none;
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}
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+
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a:visited
|
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color : #800080;
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}
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a:hover
|
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color : #FF0000;
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text-decoration : underline;
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}
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a:target
|
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color : #FF0000;
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text-decoration : underline;
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}
|
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|
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a.toc:link,
|
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a.toc:visited
|
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text-decoration : none;
|
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|
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}
|
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|
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|
+
a img
|
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|
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|
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|
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border : none;
|
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|
+
}
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
/*
|
|
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|
+
mark external links with a symbol to help the user
|
|
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|
+
distinguish between internal and external links
|
|
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|
+
*/
|
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|
+
a:after
|
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|
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{
|
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|
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content: "∗";
|
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|
+
}
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
a[href^="#"]:after
|
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|
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|
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|
+
content: "";
|
|
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|
+
}
|
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
/* source code */
|
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
tt,
|
|
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|
+
code,
|
|
337
|
+
pre
|
|
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|
+
{
|
|
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|
+
font-family : Consolas, "Lucida Console", monospace;
|
|
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|
+
}
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
tt
|
|
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|
+
{
|
|
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|
+
font-weight : bold;
|
|
345
|
+
color : #A52A2A;
|
|
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|
+
background-color : #FFFAF0;
|
|
347
|
+
}
|
|
348
|
+
|
|
349
|
+
/* output of syntax colorizer */
|
|
350
|
+
.code
|
|
351
|
+
{
|
|
352
|
+
background-color : #FFFFF0;
|
|
353
|
+
}
|
|
354
|
+
|
|
355
|
+
pre
|
|
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|
+
{
|
|
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|
+
line-height : normal;
|
|
358
|
+
border : 1px dashed #C0C0C0;
|
|
359
|
+
background-color : #F5FFDF;
|
|
360
|
+
padding : 1em;
|
|
361
|
+
overflow : auto;
|
|
362
|
+
cursor : text;
|
|
363
|
+
}
|
|
364
|
+
|
|
365
|
+
/*
|
|
366
|
+
pre:hover
|
|
367
|
+
{
|
|
368
|
+
border : none;
|
|
369
|
+
position : fixed;
|
|
370
|
+
z-index : 1;
|
|
371
|
+
margin : 0;
|
|
372
|
+
top : 0;
|
|
373
|
+
left : 0;
|
|
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|
+
right : 0;
|
|
375
|
+
bottom : 0;
|
|
376
|
+
overflow : auto;
|
|
377
|
+
cursor : text;
|
|
378
|
+
}
|
|
379
|
+
*/
|
|
380
|
+
|
|
381
|
+
/* emphasis */
|
|
382
|
+
|
|
383
|
+
blockquote
|
|
384
|
+
{
|
|
385
|
+
margin : 1em;
|
|
386
|
+
border : 5px dotted #C0C0C0;
|
|
387
|
+
padding : 1em;
|
|
388
|
+
color : #444;
|
|
389
|
+
}
|
|
390
|
+
|
|
391
|
+
hr
|
|
392
|
+
{
|
|
393
|
+
color : #FF0000; /* for IE6 */
|
|
394
|
+
background-color : #FF0000; /* for Firefox */
|
|
395
|
+
}
|
|
396
|
+
|
|
397
|
+
</style>
|
|
398
|
+
<style type="text/css" media="print">
|
|
399
|
+
body
|
|
400
|
+
{
|
|
401
|
+
color : #000000;
|
|
402
|
+
background-color : #FFFFFF;
|
|
403
|
+
line-height : 1.5em;
|
|
404
|
+
font-family : Calibri, Verdana, sans-serif;
|
|
405
|
+
}
|
|
406
|
+
|
|
407
|
+
/* emphasis */
|
|
408
|
+
|
|
409
|
+
em,
|
|
410
|
+
blockquote
|
|
411
|
+
{
|
|
412
|
+
font-family : Cambria, Georgia, serif;
|
|
413
|
+
}
|
|
414
|
+
|
|
415
|
+
/* headings */
|
|
416
|
+
|
|
417
|
+
h1,
|
|
418
|
+
h2,
|
|
419
|
+
h3,
|
|
420
|
+
h4,
|
|
421
|
+
h5,
|
|
422
|
+
h6,
|
|
423
|
+
.title
|
|
424
|
+
{
|
|
425
|
+
font-weight : lighter;
|
|
426
|
+
font-family : Constantia, "Book Antiqua", "URW Bookman L", serif;
|
|
427
|
+
}
|
|
428
|
+
|
|
429
|
+
#lof h1,
|
|
430
|
+
#lof h2,
|
|
431
|
+
#lof h3,
|
|
432
|
+
#lof h4,
|
|
433
|
+
#lof h5,
|
|
434
|
+
#lof h6
|
|
435
|
+
{
|
|
436
|
+
margin-top : 1.25em;
|
|
437
|
+
}
|
|
438
|
+
|
|
439
|
+
#content h1,
|
|
440
|
+
#content h2,
|
|
441
|
+
#content h3,
|
|
442
|
+
#content h4,
|
|
443
|
+
#content h5,
|
|
444
|
+
#content h6
|
|
445
|
+
{
|
|
446
|
+
margin-top : 2.5em;
|
|
447
|
+
line-height : 1.25em;
|
|
448
|
+
}
|
|
449
|
+
|
|
450
|
+
#content h1
|
|
451
|
+
{
|
|
452
|
+
font-size : 2.0em;
|
|
453
|
+
}
|
|
454
|
+
|
|
455
|
+
#content h2
|
|
456
|
+
{
|
|
457
|
+
font-size : 1.8em;
|
|
458
|
+
}
|
|
459
|
+
|
|
460
|
+
#content h3
|
|
461
|
+
{
|
|
462
|
+
font-size : 1.6em;
|
|
463
|
+
}
|
|
464
|
+
|
|
465
|
+
#content h4
|
|
466
|
+
{
|
|
467
|
+
font-size : 1.4em;
|
|
468
|
+
}
|
|
469
|
+
|
|
470
|
+
#content h5
|
|
471
|
+
{
|
|
472
|
+
font-size : 1.2em;
|
|
473
|
+
}
|
|
474
|
+
|
|
475
|
+
#content h6
|
|
476
|
+
{
|
|
477
|
+
font-size : 1.0em;
|
|
478
|
+
}
|
|
479
|
+
|
|
480
|
+
/* tables */
|
|
481
|
+
|
|
482
|
+
table
|
|
483
|
+
{
|
|
484
|
+
border : none;
|
|
485
|
+
margin : auto; /* center horizontally */
|
|
486
|
+
margin-top : 1em;
|
|
487
|
+
}
|
|
488
|
+
|
|
489
|
+
th,
|
|
490
|
+
td
|
|
491
|
+
{
|
|
492
|
+
padding : 1em;
|
|
493
|
+
border : 1px solid #C0C0C0;
|
|
494
|
+
vertical-align : top;
|
|
495
|
+
background-color : #FFFFFF;
|
|
496
|
+
}
|
|
497
|
+
|
|
498
|
+
th
|
|
499
|
+
{
|
|
500
|
+
background-color : #F5F5F5;
|
|
501
|
+
}
|
|
502
|
+
|
|
503
|
+
/* document structure */
|
|
504
|
+
|
|
505
|
+
#header
|
|
506
|
+
{
|
|
507
|
+
margin-bottom : 5em;
|
|
508
|
+
text-align : center;
|
|
509
|
+
}
|
|
510
|
+
|
|
511
|
+
#abstract
|
|
512
|
+
{
|
|
513
|
+
margin-bottom : 5em;
|
|
514
|
+
}
|
|
515
|
+
|
|
516
|
+
#toc li
|
|
517
|
+
{
|
|
518
|
+
list-style-type : none;
|
|
519
|
+
}
|
|
520
|
+
|
|
521
|
+
#toc li ul
|
|
522
|
+
{
|
|
523
|
+
padding-bottom : 1em;
|
|
524
|
+
border-left : thick solid #F5F5F5;
|
|
525
|
+
_border-left : none; /* for IE6 */
|
|
526
|
+
}
|
|
527
|
+
|
|
528
|
+
#toc li ul:hover
|
|
529
|
+
{
|
|
530
|
+
border-color : #DCDCDC;
|
|
531
|
+
}
|
|
532
|
+
|
|
533
|
+
#toc > ul
|
|
534
|
+
{
|
|
535
|
+
padding-left : 1em;
|
|
536
|
+
}
|
|
537
|
+
|
|
538
|
+
#references
|
|
539
|
+
{
|
|
540
|
+
margin-top : 5em;
|
|
541
|
+
}
|
|
542
|
+
|
|
543
|
+
#footer
|
|
544
|
+
{
|
|
545
|
+
border-top : thick dotted #DCDCDC;
|
|
546
|
+
padding-top : 1em;
|
|
547
|
+
margin-top : 5em;
|
|
548
|
+
text-align : center;
|
|
549
|
+
}
|
|
550
|
+
|
|
551
|
+
/* document nodes */
|
|
552
|
+
|
|
553
|
+
.part > .title,
|
|
554
|
+
.chapter > .title
|
|
555
|
+
{
|
|
556
|
+
padding-bottom : 0.5em;
|
|
557
|
+
}
|
|
558
|
+
|
|
559
|
+
.part > .title > big,
|
|
560
|
+
.chapter > .title > big
|
|
561
|
+
{
|
|
562
|
+
display : block;
|
|
563
|
+
margin-top : 0.25em;
|
|
564
|
+
}
|
|
565
|
+
|
|
566
|
+
.part .title big,
|
|
567
|
+
.chapter .title big
|
|
568
|
+
{
|
|
569
|
+
_display : block; /* for IE6 */
|
|
570
|
+
_margin-top : 0.25em; /* for IE6 */
|
|
571
|
+
_margin-bottom : 0.75em; /* for IE6 */
|
|
572
|
+
}
|
|
573
|
+
|
|
574
|
+
.paragraph > .title,
|
|
575
|
+
.tip > .title,
|
|
576
|
+
.note > .title,
|
|
577
|
+
.caution > .title,
|
|
578
|
+
.warning > .title,
|
|
579
|
+
.important > .title,
|
|
580
|
+
.figure > .title,
|
|
581
|
+
.table > .title,
|
|
582
|
+
.example > .title,
|
|
583
|
+
.equation > .title,
|
|
584
|
+
.procedure > .title
|
|
585
|
+
{
|
|
586
|
+
font-size : large;
|
|
587
|
+
margin-top : 2em;
|
|
588
|
+
}
|
|
589
|
+
|
|
590
|
+
.paragraph .title,
|
|
591
|
+
.tip .title,
|
|
592
|
+
.note .title,
|
|
593
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<h1 class="title">Ruby-VPI 20.0.0 user guide</h1>
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<h2 class="authors"><a href="http://snk.tuxfamily.org">Suraj N. Kurapati</a></h2>
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– place to obtain release packages.</li>
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|
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<div id="toc"><h1>Contents</h1> <ul><li>1 <a id="a-606704428" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a><ul><li>1.1 <a id="a-606710768" href="#Features">Features</a></li><li>1.2 <a id="a-606745598" href="#License">License</a></li><li>1.3 <a id="a-606752538" href="#Appetizers">Appetizers</a></li><li>1.4 <a id="a-606764318" href="#Applications">Applications</a></li><li>1.5 <a id="a-606770018" href="#Related-works">Related works</a></li></ul></li><li>2 <a id="a-606777838" href="#setup">Setup</a><ul><li>2.1 <a id="a-606779348" href="#setup.reqs">Requirements</a></li><li>2.2 <a id="a-606789068" href="#setup.recom">Recommendations</a></li><li>2.3 <a id="a-606794098" href="#setup.inst">Installation</a><ul><li>2.3.1 <a id="a-606799148" href="#setup.inst.windows">Installing on Windows</a></li></ul></li><li>2.4 <a id="a-606801708" href="#setup.maintenance">Maintenance</a></li><li>2.5 <a id="a-606803858" href="#setup.manifest">Manifest</a></li></ul></li><li>3 <a id="a-606810448" href="#organization">Background</a><ul><li>3.1 <a id="a-606815068" href="#Motivation">Motivation</a></li><li>3.2 <a id="a-606817088" href="#organization.tests">Tests</a></li></ul></li><li>4 <a id="a-606822688" href="#usage">Usage</a><ul><li>4.1 <a id="a-606824258" href="#usage.theory">Theory of operation</a><ul><li>4.1.1 <a id="a-606835008" href="#Test-files">Test files</a></li></ul></li><li>4.2 <a id="a-606840438" href="#overview.relay">Interacting with the Verilog simulator</a></li><li>4.3 <a id="a-606846998" href="#vpi">VPI in Ruby</a><ul><li>4.3.1 <a id="a-606850438" href="#vpi.handles">Handles</a><ul><li>4.3.1.1 <a id="a-606856398" href="#vpi.handles.relatives">Accessing a handle’s relatives</a></li><li>4.3.1.2 <a id="a-606858628" href="#Accessing-a-handle-s-properties">Accessing a handle’s properties</a></li></ul></li><li>4.3.2 <a id="a-606870058" href="#vpi.callbacks">Callbacks</a></li></ul></li><li>4.4 <a id="a-606880188" href="#usage.concurrency">Concurrency</a><ul><li>4.4.1 <a id="a-606883708" href="#Creating-a-concurrent-process">Creating a concurrent process</a></li></ul></li><li>4.5 <a id="a-606890138" href="#usage.prototyping">Prototyping</a><ul><li>4.5.1 <a id="a-606894508" href="#Creating-a-prototype">Creating a prototype</a></li></ul></li><li>4.6 <a id="a-606905198" href="#usage.debugger">Interactive debugging</a><ul><li>4.6.1 <a id="a-606908278" href="#usage.debugger.init">Advanced initialization</a></li></ul></li><li>4.7 <a id="a-606910748" href="#usage.runner">Test runner</a><ul><li>4.7.1 <a id="a-606913938" href="#usage.runner.env-vars">Environment variables</a><ul><li>4.7.1.1 <a id="a-606917008" href="#Variables-as-command-line-arguments">Variables as command-line arguments</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li>4.8 <a id="a-606921818" href="#usage.tools">Tools</a><ul><li>4.8.1 <a id="a-606923678" href="#usage.tools.generate">Automated test generation</a></li><li>4.8.2 <a id="a-606932168" href="#usage.tools.convert">Verilog to Ruby conversion</a></li></ul></li><li>4.9 <a id="a-606934638" href="#usage.tutorial">Tutorial</a><ul><li>4.9.1 <a id="a-606947158" href="#usage.tutorial.declare-design">Start with a Verilog design</a></li><li>4.9.2 <a id="a-606953958" href="#usage.tutorial.generate-test">Generate a test</a></li><li>4.9.3 <a id="a-606966828" href="#usage.tutorial.specification">Specify your expectations</a></li><li>4.9.4 <a id="a-606069158" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-proto">Implement the prototype</a></li><li>4.9.5 <a id="a-606122988" href="#usage.tutorial.test-proto">Verify the prototype</a></li><li>4.9.6 <a id="a-606168938" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-design">Implement the design</a></li><li>4.9.7 <a id="a-606269558" href="#usage.tutorial.test-design">Verify the design</a></li><li>4.9.8 <a id="a-606358268" href="#usage.examples">More examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li>5 <a id="a-606376468" href="#hacking">Hacking</a><ul><li>5.1 <a id="a-605850148" href="#hacking.build">Building from source code</a></li><li>5.2 <a id="a-605974548" href="#Installing-without-really-installing">Installing without really installing</a></li><li>5.3 <a id="a-605757818" href="#hacking.release-packages">Building release packages</a></li><li>5.4 <a id="a-607050138" href="#hacking.guide">Editing this guide</a></li></ul></li><li>6 <a id="a-607052618" href="#problems">Known problems</a><ul><li>6.1 <a id="a-607054268" href="#problem.ivl">Icarus Verilog</a><ul><li>6.1.1 <a id="a-607055848" href="#problems.ivl.vpi_handle_by_name.absolute-paths">Give full paths to Verilog objects</a></li><li>6.1.2 <a id="a-607061068" href="#problems.ivl.vpi_handle_by_name.connect-registers">Registers must be connected</a></li><li>6.1.3 <a id="a-607070908" href="#problems.ivl.vpi_reset">VPI::reset</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li>7 <a id="a-607073798" href="#glossary">Glossary</a><ul><li>7.1 <a id="a-607075458" href="#glossary.test">Test</a></li><li>7.2 <a id="a-607080108" href="#glossary.design">Design</a></li><li>7.3 <a id="a-607083458" href="#glossary.specification">Specification</a></li><li>7.4 <a id="a-607088168" href="#glossary.expectation">Expectation</a></li><li>7.5 <a id="a-607090238" href="#glossary.handle">Handle</a></li><li>7.6 <a id="a-607093668" href="#glossary.rake">Rake</a></li><li>7.7 <a id="a-607095818" href="#glossary.RSpec">RSpec</a></li><li>7.8 <a id="a-607099338" href="#glossary.TDD">Test driven development</a></li><li>7.9 <a id="a-607101548" href="#glossary.BDD">Behavior driven development</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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<div id="lof"><h1>Cautions</h1> <ol><li><a id="a-606881928" href="#Assignments-inside-processes-are-non-blocking">Assignments inside processes are non-blocking</a></li><li><a id="a-606928078" href="#Do-not-rename-generated-files">Do not rename generated files</a></li></ol><h1>Examples</h1> <ol><li><a id="a-606871738" href="#ex:callback">Using a callback for value change notification</a></li><li><a id="a-606885348" href="#An-edge-triggered-always-block">An edge-triggered “always” block</a></li><li><a id="a-606887298" href="#A-change-triggered-combinational-always-block">A change-triggered (combinational) “always” block</a></li><li><a id="a-606919158" href="#Running-a-test-with-environment-variables">Running a test with environment variables</a></li><li><a id="a-606950328" href="#fig:counter.v_decl">Declaration of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</a></li><li><a id="a-606962678" href="#fig:generate-test.RSpec">Generating a test with specification in RSpec format</a></li><li><a id="a-606964548" href="#fig:generate-test.xUnit">Generating a test with specification in xUnit format</a></li><li><a id="a-606972788" href="#fig:RSpec-counter_spec.rb">Specification implemented in RSpec format</a></li><li><a id="a-606975088" href="#fig:xUnit-counter_spec.rb">Specification implemented in xUnit format</a></li><li><a id="a-606100048" href="#fig:counter_proto.rb">Ruby prototype of our Verilog design</a></li><li><a id="a-606139338" href="#fig:test-proto.RSpec">Running a test with specification in RSpec format</a></li><li><a id="a-606145238" href="#fig:test-proto.unit-test">Running a test with specification in xUnit format</a></li><li><a id="a-606237758" href="#fig:counter.v_impl">Implementation of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</a></li><li><a id="a-606307738" href="#fig:test-design.RSpec">Running a test with specification in RSpec format</a></li><li><a id="a-606325118" href="#fig:test-design.unit-test">Running a test with specification in xUnit format</a></li><li><a id="a-607058828" href="#ex:TestFoo">Part of a bench which instantiates a Verilog design</a></li><li><a id="a-607066798" href="#ex:TestFoo_bad">Bad design with unconnected registers</a></li><li><a id="a-607068638" href="#ex:TestFoo_fix">Fixed design with wired registers</a></li></ol><h1>Figures</h1> <ol><li><a id="a-606812008" href="#fig:organization.detail">Where does Ruby-VPI fit in?</a></li><li><a id="a-606820058" href="#fig:organization">Organization of a test in Ruby-VPI</a></li><li><a id="a-606843408" href="#fig:ruby_relay">Interaction between Ruby and Verilog</a></li><li><a id="a-606862348" href="#fig:method-naming-format">Method naming format for accessing a handle’s properties</a></li></ol><h1>Notes</h1> <ol><li><a id="a-606848628" href="#Constants-are-capitalized-in-Ruby">Constants are capitalized in Ruby</a></li></ol><h1>Tables</h1> <ol><li><a id="a-606865648" href="#tbl:accessors">Possible accessors and their implications</a></li><li><a id="a-606867538" href="#ex:properties">Examples of accessing a handle’s properties</a></li></ol><h1>Tips</h1> <ol><li><a id="a-606795708" href="#Tuning-for-maximum-performance">Tuning for maximum performance</a></li><li><a id="a-606929888" href="#Using-kdiff3-with-the-automated-test-generator.">Using <strong>kdiff3</strong> with the automated test generator.</a></li><li><a id="a-606150528" href="#What-can-the-test-runner-do">What can the test runner do?</a></li></ol></div>
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|
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Chapter
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<a class="toc" id="Introduction" href="#a-606704428">1</a>
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<br/>
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<big>Introduction</big>
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</h1>
|
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<div class="content">Ruby-VPI is a library that provides the entire <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standardstoc.jsp?isnumber=33945"><span class="caps">IEEE 1364</span>-2005 Verilog VPI</a> interface to <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org">Ruby</a> scripts. It also serves as <strong>platform for unit testing</strong>, rapid <strong>prototyping</strong>, and systems <strong>integration</strong> of Verilog modules through Ruby:
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807
|
+
<li>Perform <a href="http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org/papers/masters_thesis.html">specification-driven functional verification</a> (<a href="http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org/papers/masters_thesis.pdf">PDF version</a>).</li>
|
|
808
|
+
</ul>
|
|
809
|
+
|
|
810
|
+
|
|
811
|
+
<p>Ruby-VPI is <strong>open source software</strong> (see <a class="xref" href="#License">Section 1.2: <em>License</em></a>) so feel free to contribute your improvements and discuss your ideas in the <a href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/ruby-vpi-discuss">project mailing list</a>. See <a class="xref" href="#hacking">Chapter 5: <em>Hacking</em></a> for details.</p>
|
|
812
|
+
|
|
813
|
+
|
|
814
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
815
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
816
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Features" href="#a-606710768">1.1</a> Features
|
|
817
|
+
</h2>
|
|
818
|
+
<div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
|
|
819
|
+
<p class="title">Portable</p>
|
|
820
|
+
<div class="content"><ul>
|
|
821
|
+
<li>Works on Windows, Mac OSX, GNU/Linux, and UNIX.</li>
|
|
822
|
+
<li>Supports all <a class="xref" href="#setup.reqs.sim">major Verilog simulators</a> available today.</li>
|
|
823
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
824
|
+
</div>
|
|
825
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
826
|
+
<p class="title">Agile</p>
|
|
827
|
+
<div class="content"><ul>
|
|
828
|
+
<li>Enables <a href="http://agilemanifesto.org">agile practices</a> such as
|
|
829
|
+
<ul>
|
|
830
|
+
<li><a href="http://www.testdriven.com">test-driven</a> development</li>
|
|
831
|
+
<li><a href="http://behaviour-driven.org">behavior-driven</a> development</li>
|
|
832
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-proto">rapid prototyping</a> for design exploration</li>
|
|
833
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
834
|
+
</ul>
|
|
835
|
+
|
|
836
|
+
|
|
837
|
+
<ul>
|
|
838
|
+
<li>Eliminates unneccesary work:
|
|
839
|
+
<ul>
|
|
840
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.specification">Specifications</a> are executable, portable, and human-readable.</li>
|
|
841
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tools.generate">Automated test generator</a> helps you accomodate design changes with minimal effort.</li>
|
|
842
|
+
<li>There is <strong>absolutely no compiling</strong>!</li>
|
|
843
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
844
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
845
|
+
</div>
|
|
846
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
847
|
+
<p class="title">Powerful</p>
|
|
848
|
+
<div class="content"><p style="float:right"><img src="images/ruby/logo-reflection.png" title="the Ruby logo" alt="the Ruby logo" /></p>
|
|
849
|
+
|
|
850
|
+
|
|
851
|
+
<ul>
|
|
852
|
+
<li>Employs the <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/">power and elegance</a> of Ruby:
|
|
853
|
+
<ul>
|
|
854
|
+
<li><strong>Unlimited length integers</strong></li>
|
|
855
|
+
<li>Automatic memory management (garbage collection)</li>
|
|
856
|
+
<li>Regular expressions</li>
|
|
857
|
+
<li>Closures for functional programming</li>
|
|
858
|
+
<li>Pure OOP with dynamic typing</li>
|
|
859
|
+
<li>Portable multi-threading (green threads)</li>
|
|
860
|
+
<li>Native system calls and I/O</li>
|
|
861
|
+
<li>Highly readable and maintainable code</li>
|
|
862
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
863
|
+
</ul>
|
|
864
|
+
|
|
865
|
+
|
|
866
|
+
<ul>
|
|
867
|
+
<li>Uses <a href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/ruby-debug/">ruby-debug</a> for <a class="xref" href="#usage.debugger">interactive debugging</a>.</li>
|
|
868
|
+
<li>Uses <a href="http://eigenclass.org/hiki.rb?rcov">rcov</a> for test <a class="xref" href="#usage.runner.env-vars">coverage analysis and report generation</a>.</li>
|
|
869
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
870
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
871
|
+
</div>
|
|
872
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
873
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
874
|
+
<a class="toc" id="License" href="#a-606745598">1.2</a> License
|
|
875
|
+
</h2>
|
|
876
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Copyright 2006 Suraj N. Kurapati <SNK at GNA dot ORG><br/>
|
|
877
|
+
Copyright 1999 Kazuhiro HIWADA <HIWADA at KUEE dot KYOTO-U dot AC dot JP><br/></p>
|
|
878
|
+
|
|
879
|
+
|
|
880
|
+
<p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
|
|
881
|
+
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
|
|
882
|
+
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
|
|
883
|
+
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
|
|
884
|
+
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
|
|
885
|
+
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
|
|
886
|
+
|
|
887
|
+
|
|
888
|
+
<ul>
|
|
889
|
+
<li>All copies and substantial portions of the Software (the "Derivatives")
|
|
890
|
+
and their corresponding machine-readable source code (the "Code") must
|
|
891
|
+
include the above copyright notice and this permission notice.</li>
|
|
892
|
+
</ul>
|
|
893
|
+
|
|
894
|
+
|
|
895
|
+
<ul>
|
|
896
|
+
<li>Upon distribution, the Derivatives must be accompanied either by the Code
|
|
897
|
+
or—provided that the Code is obtainable for no more than the cost of
|
|
898
|
+
distribution plus a nominal fee—by information on how to obtain the Code.</li>
|
|
899
|
+
</ul>
|
|
900
|
+
|
|
901
|
+
|
|
902
|
+
<p><span class="caps">THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED</span> "AS IS", <span class="caps">WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND</span>, EXPRESS OR
|
|
903
|
+
IMPLIED, INCLUDING <span class="caps">BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY</span>, FITNESS
|
|
904
|
+
<span class="caps">FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT</span>. IN <span class="caps">NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR</span>
|
|
905
|
+
<span class="caps">COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM</span>, DAMAGES <span class="caps">OR OTHER LIABILITY</span>, WHETHER
|
|
906
|
+
<span class="caps">IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT</span>, TORT <span class="caps">OR OTHERWISE</span>, ARISING FROM, OUT <span class="caps">OF OR IN</span>
|
|
907
|
+
<span class="caps">CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE</span>.</p></div>
|
|
908
|
+
</div>
|
|
909
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
910
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
911
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Appetizers" href="#a-606752538">1.3</a> Appetizers
|
|
912
|
+
</h2>
|
|
913
|
+
<div class="content">Here is a tiny sampling of code to whet your appetite. See <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial">the tutorial</a> for more samples.
|
|
914
|
+
|
|
915
|
+
|
|
916
|
+
<ul>
|
|
917
|
+
<li>Assign the value 2<sup>2048</sup> to a register:
|
|
918
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
919
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># NOTE: these are all equivalent</span>
|
|
920
|
+
|
|
921
|
+
your_register.intVal = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">2</span> ** <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">2048</span>
|
|
922
|
+
your_register.put_value <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">2</span> ** <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">2048</span>
|
|
923
|
+
</pre></li>
|
|
924
|
+
</ul>
|
|
925
|
+
|
|
926
|
+
|
|
927
|
+
<ul>
|
|
928
|
+
<li>Check if all nets in a module are at high impedance:
|
|
929
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
930
|
+
your_module.all_net? { |your_net| your_net.z? }
|
|
931
|
+
|
|
932
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># or, alternatively:</span>
|
|
933
|
+
|
|
934
|
+
your_nets = your_module.net_a
|
|
935
|
+
your_nets.all? { |net| net.z? }
|
|
936
|
+
</pre></li>
|
|
937
|
+
</ul>
|
|
938
|
+
|
|
939
|
+
|
|
940
|
+
<ul>
|
|
941
|
+
<li>See a register’s path, width, and location (file & line number):
|
|
942
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
943
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># NOTE: these are all equivalent</span>
|
|
944
|
+
|
|
945
|
+
puts your_register
|
|
946
|
+
p <span style="color:#A60">:path</span> => your_register.fullName
|
|
947
|
+
p <span style="color:#A60">:width</span> => your_register.size
|
|
948
|
+
p <span style="color:#A60">:file</span> => your_register.fileName
|
|
949
|
+
p <span style="color:#A60">:line</span> => your_register.lineNo
|
|
950
|
+
</pre></li>
|
|
951
|
+
</ul>
|
|
952
|
+
|
|
953
|
+
|
|
954
|
+
<ul>
|
|
955
|
+
<li>Access the first five elements in a memory:
|
|
956
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
957
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># NOTE: these are all equivalent</span>
|
|
958
|
+
|
|
959
|
+
your_memory.memoryWord_a.first(<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">5</span>)
|
|
960
|
+
your_memory.memoryWord_a[<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>..<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">4</span>]
|
|
961
|
+
your_memory.memoryWord_a[<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>...<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">5</span>]
|
|
962
|
+
your_memory.memoryWord_a[<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>, <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">5</span>]
|
|
963
|
+
</pre></li>
|
|
964
|
+
</ul>
|
|
965
|
+
|
|
966
|
+
|
|
967
|
+
<ul>
|
|
968
|
+
<li>Clear a memory by filling it with zeroes:
|
|
969
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
970
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># NOTE: these are all equivalent</span>
|
|
971
|
+
|
|
972
|
+
your_memory.each_memoryWord { |w| w.f! }
|
|
973
|
+
your_memory.each_memoryWord { |w| w.vpi0! }
|
|
974
|
+
your_memory.each_memoryWord { |w| w.intVal = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span> }
|
|
975
|
+
your_memory.each_memoryWord { |w| w.put_value <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span> }
|
|
976
|
+
</pre></li>
|
|
977
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
978
|
+
</div>
|
|
979
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
980
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
981
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Applications" href="#a-606764318">1.4</a> Applications
|
|
982
|
+
</h2>
|
|
983
|
+
<div class="content">Examples of tasks that can be performed with Ruby-VPI are:
|
|
984
|
+
|
|
985
|
+
|
|
986
|
+
<ul>
|
|
987
|
+
<li>From the second edition of <a href="http://www.sutherland-hdl.com/publications.html"><em>The Verilog PLI Handbook</em></a>:
|
|
988
|
+
<ul>
|
|
989
|
+
<li>C language bus-functional models</li>
|
|
990
|
+
<li>Reading test vector files</li>
|
|
991
|
+
<li>Delay calculation</li>
|
|
992
|
+
<li>Custom output displays</li>
|
|
993
|
+
<li>Co-simulation</li>
|
|
994
|
+
<li>Design debug utilities</li>
|
|
995
|
+
<li>Simulation analysis</li>
|
|
996
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
997
|
+
</ul>
|
|
998
|
+
|
|
999
|
+
|
|
1000
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1001
|
+
<li>Adapted from <a href="http://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/Alumni/pinhong/scriptEDA/">Pin Hong’s</a> observations:
|
|
1002
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1003
|
+
<li>Writing hardware models in Ruby</li>
|
|
1004
|
+
<li>Dumping or processing netlist data from Verilog database</li>
|
|
1005
|
+
<li>Dumping or processing simulation data</li>
|
|
1006
|
+
<li>Feeding dynamic simulation stimuli</li>
|
|
1007
|
+
<li>Back-annotating delay information</li>
|
|
1008
|
+
<li>Interactive logic simulation</li>
|
|
1009
|
+
<li>Building a distributed simulation</li>
|
|
1010
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
1011
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1012
|
+
</div>
|
|
1013
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1014
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1015
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Related-works" href="#a-606770018">1.5</a> Related works
|
|
1016
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1017
|
+
<div class="content"><ul>
|
|
1018
|
+
<li><a href="http://anvil.sourceforge.net">ANVIL</a> is a C++ interface to VPI.</li>
|
|
1019
|
+
<li><a href="http://teal.sourceforge.net">Teal</a> is a C++ interface to VPI.</li>
|
|
1020
|
+
<li><a href="http://jove.sourceforge.net">JOVE</a> is a Java interface to VPI.</li>
|
|
1021
|
+
<li><a href="http://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/Alumni/pinhong/scriptEDA/">ScriptEDA</a> is a Perl, Python, and Tcl interface to VPI.</li>
|
|
1022
|
+
<li><a href="http://rhdl.rubyforge.org">RHDL</a> is a hardware description and verification language based on Ruby.</li>
|
|
1023
|
+
<li><a href="http://myhdl.jandecaluwe.com">MyHDL</a> is a hardware description and verification language based on Python, which features conversion to Verilog and co-simulation.</li>
|
|
1024
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1025
|
+
|
|
1026
|
+
|
|
1027
|
+
<p><div class="paragraph">
|
|
1028
|
+
<p class="title">Ye olde PLI</p>
|
|
1029
|
+
<div class="content">The following projects utilize the archaic <strong>tf</strong> and <strong>acc</strong> PLI interfaces, which have been officially deprecated in IEEE Std 1364-2005.
|
|
1030
|
+
|
|
1031
|
+
|
|
1032
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1033
|
+
<li><a href="http://www.nelsim.com">ScriptSim</a> is a Perl, Python, and Tcl/Tk interface to PLI.</li>
|
|
1034
|
+
<li><a href="http://www.veripool.com/verilog-pli.html">Verilog::Pli</a> is a Perl interface to PLI.</li>
|
|
1035
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1036
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1037
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1038
|
+
</div>
|
|
1039
|
+
<div class="chapter">
|
|
1040
|
+
<h1 class="title">
|
|
1041
|
+
Chapter
|
|
1042
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup" href="#a-606777838">2</a>
|
|
1043
|
+
|
|
1044
|
+
<br/>
|
|
1045
|
+
|
|
1046
|
+
<big>Setup</big>
|
|
1047
|
+
</h1>
|
|
1048
|
+
|
|
1049
|
+
<div class="content"><div class="section">
|
|
1050
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1051
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup.reqs" href="#a-606779348">2.1</a> Requirements
|
|
1052
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1053
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Your system needs the following software to run Ruby-VPI.</p>
|
|
1054
|
+
|
|
1055
|
+
|
|
1056
|
+
<p><div class="paragraph">
|
|
1057
|
+
<p class="title">Verilog simulator</p>
|
|
1058
|
+
<div class="content">Ruby-VPI is known to work with the following simulators. However, you should be able to use it with any Verilog simulator that supports VPI.
|
|
1059
|
+
|
|
1060
|
+
|
|
1061
|
+
<table border="1">
|
|
1062
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1063
|
+
<th>Simulator </th>
|
|
1064
|
+
<th>Notes </th>
|
|
1065
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1066
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1067
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.synopsys.com/products/simulation/simulation.html">Synopsys VCS</a> </td>
|
|
1068
|
+
<td> Any version that supports the <tt>-load</tt> option is acceptable. </td>
|
|
1069
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1070
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1071
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.model.com">Mentor Modelsim</a> </td>
|
|
1072
|
+
<td> Any version that supports the <tt>-pli</tt> option is acceptable. </td>
|
|
1073
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1074
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1075
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.cadence.com/products/functional_ver/nc-verilog/">Cadence NC-Sim</a> </td>
|
|
1076
|
+
<td> Any version that supports the <tt>+loadvpi</tt> option is acceptable. </td>
|
|
1077
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1078
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1079
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.pragmatic-c.com/gpl-cver/">GPL Cver</a> </td>
|
|
1080
|
+
<td> Version 2.11a or newer is acceptable. </td>
|
|
1081
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1082
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1083
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.geda.seul.org/tools/icarus/index.html">Icarus Verilog</a> </td>
|
|
1084
|
+
<td> Version 0.8 is <em>mostly</em> acceptable because you <strong>will not</strong> be able to <a class="xref" href="#vpi.handles.relatives">access child handles through method calls</a>. The reason for this limitation is explained in <a class="xref" href="#problems.ivl.vpi_handle_by_name.absolute-paths">Section 6.1.1: <em>Give full paths to Verilog objects</em></a>. </td>
|
|
1085
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1086
|
+
</table></div>
|
|
1087
|
+
</div>
|
|
1088
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
1089
|
+
<p class="title">Compilers</p>
|
|
1090
|
+
<div class="content"><table border="1">
|
|
1091
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1092
|
+
<th>Software </th>
|
|
1093
|
+
<th>Notes </th>
|
|
1094
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1095
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1096
|
+
<td> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make">make</a> </td>
|
|
1097
|
+
<td> Any flavor or distribution should be acceptable. </td>
|
|
1098
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1099
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1100
|
+
<td> C compiler </td>
|
|
1101
|
+
<td> the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/" title="GCC">GNU Compiler Collection</a> is preferred, but any C compiler should be acceptable. </td>
|
|
1102
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1103
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1104
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.swig.org/download.html">SWIG</a> </td>
|
|
1105
|
+
<td> Version 1.3.29 or newer is required. </td>
|
|
1106
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1107
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1108
|
+
<td> <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/">Ruby</a> </td>
|
|
1109
|
+
<td> Version 1.8 or newer, including header and linkable object files for building extensions, is required. You can install Ruby by following <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/">these instructions</a>. </td>
|
|
1110
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1111
|
+
</table></div>
|
|
1112
|
+
</div>
|
|
1113
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
1114
|
+
<p class="title">Libraries</p>
|
|
1115
|
+
<div class="content"><table border="1">
|
|
1116
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1117
|
+
<th>Library </th>
|
|
1118
|
+
<th>Notes </th>
|
|
1119
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1120
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1121
|
+
<td> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pthreads" title="pthreads">POSIX threads</a> </td>
|
|
1122
|
+
<td> Header and linkable object files, and operating system support for this library are necessary. </td>
|
|
1123
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1124
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1125
|
+
<td> <a href="http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=126">RubyGems</a> </td>
|
|
1126
|
+
<td> Any recent version should be acceptable. You can install RubyGems by following <a href="http://www.rubygems.org/read/chapter/3">these instructions</a>. </td>
|
|
1127
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1128
|
+
</table></div>
|
|
1129
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1130
|
+
</div>
|
|
1131
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1132
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1133
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup.recom" href="#a-606789068">2.2</a> Recommendations
|
|
1134
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1135
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The following software might make your interactions with Ruby-VPI more pleasant.</p>
|
|
1136
|
+
|
|
1137
|
+
|
|
1138
|
+
<p><div class="paragraph">
|
|
1139
|
+
<p class="title">Text merging tool</p>
|
|
1140
|
+
<div class="content">An <em>interactive</em> text merging tool can greatly simplify the process of transferring wanted changes from one file to another. In particular, such tools are especially beneficial when using the <a class="xref" href="#usage.tools.generate">automated test generator</a>. A handful of the currently available open-source text merging tools are listed below.
|
|
1141
|
+
|
|
1142
|
+
|
|
1143
|
+
<table border="1">
|
|
1144
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1145
|
+
<th>Software </th>
|
|
1146
|
+
<th>Description </th>
|
|
1147
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1148
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1149
|
+
<td> <a href="http://kdiff3.sourceforge.net/">kdiff3</a> </td>
|
|
1150
|
+
<td> A graphical, three-way merging tool for KDE. </td>
|
|
1151
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1152
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1153
|
+
<td> <a href="http://meld.sourceforge.net/">meld</a> </td>
|
|
1154
|
+
<td> A graphical, three-way merging tool for GNOME. </td>
|
|
1155
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1156
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1157
|
+
<td> <a href="http://tkdiff.sourceforge.net/">tkdiff</a> </td>
|
|
1158
|
+
<td> A graphical, two-way merging tool that uses the cross-platform Tk windowing toolkit. </td>
|
|
1159
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1160
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1161
|
+
<td> <a href="http://furius.ca/xxdiff/">xxdiff</a> </td>
|
|
1162
|
+
<td> A graphical, three-way merging tool. </td>
|
|
1163
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1164
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1165
|
+
<td> <a href="http://elonen.iki.fi/code/imediff/">imediff2</a> </td>
|
|
1166
|
+
<td> A textual, fullscreen two-way merging tool. It is very useful when you are working remotely via SSH. </td>
|
|
1167
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1168
|
+
</table></div>
|
|
1169
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1170
|
+
</div>
|
|
1171
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1172
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1173
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup.inst" href="#a-606794098">2.3</a> Installation
|
|
1174
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1175
|
+
<div class="content"><p><div class="tip">
|
|
1176
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="Tuning-for-maximum-performance" href="#a-606795708">Tip 1</a>. Tuning for maximum performance</p>
|
|
1177
|
+
|
|
1178
|
+
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
|
|
1179
|
+
fAhkiAAAAAlwSFlzAAAN1wAADdcBQiibeAAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAd3d3
|
|
1180
|
+
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|
|
1181
|
+
vrSrXa3QC7EIyUFCSWwnJIANFiGJXdQSICRllGDni4LjqviDnQ+ufHEKx2BX
|
|
1182
|
+
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|
|
1183
|
+
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|
|
1184
|
+
2R+BiTtMHGUBgNiaBfGkMeo4jPr2Nw589edmlVxPq/Gchx/5m1uJnWdT6aZM
|
|
1185
|
+
z+ZdXsfaXuF5KXipBAQDoQwR+D5yV0b14BuvVstz+bKJ5YNPH/jKyfcVYO/e
|
|
1186
|
+
z2ViQV9zk8l7b761P93a1oF8SWKm7KMaSgRSARQj5QpkkjZ6Wj30tnuYmp7F
|
|
1187
|
+
8RefrVbL1edZm32HD/9D+dcOsPeRz3wMZD/TtemW9I07b01MFBRGpipoyhAa
|
|
1188
|
+
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|
|
1189
|
+
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|
|
1190
|
+
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|
|
1191
|
+
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|
|
1192
|
+
p23+5pNPVI0Jf/8bB554dTl6lrWM7tu3zyVyv7d+58c9djLIFUL83o4M1rY6
|
|
1193
|
+
MEYDiGMmigiImBAxEDGRYpASzFIwSyZSjhDRTb3N2rbYf21wqmY7Tvw7d9+X
|
|
1194
|
+
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|
|
1195
|
+
xYSImRUBigiKmSQTVFtjQids4duC/RNnRyu/u/MG07FuU6Yc2I++JwD9/V90
|
|
1196
|
+
mPgLfbfcmRqe8nF9t4uWRgs6jmBgYiJEND/7xKQIpJigBJEkMkrMe4JBipmk
|
|
1197
|
+
xayyDa50LAp0ZPyTb4zXHry/PyHY+kJ//xedVQfwGoq3NbX3xkakUKgodLfa
|
|
1198
|
+
i2YeGoCuhw7Vw4ahBLGszzhLYpJCsGRBUjBLIUimXVs5tvBti/3R6XJZG9ab
|
|
1199
|
+
+7YZr6F426oDsO0+0LZuW2auGsFLxnAcQMcRANJEiJhYEUERkySGYqqHEJFR
|
|
1200
|
+
giGZIJkQMkEKppAJUkZxxWEObIsD2+Lwrcmi/4GbdyXZth9YdQADfKi5pYuK
|
|
1201
|
+
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|
|
1202
|
+
zaEtOBjLV8qb1/cQAR9cqq4lfwuR1m1uIoUwKkOQQGxiI5g0EUcEiogQzcd9
|
|
1203
|
+
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|
|
1204
|
+
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|
|
1205
|
+
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|
|
1206
|
+
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|
|
1207
|
+
EiK0BCOOY33kyBG9agAAQGQVfL+KpEtgoujyVCUEEDEoYmYl3k5cSCEoZIGQ
|
|
1208
|
+
ASnIhIIptJgCFuSXamokMig4lvBtiwNbcGBZFNoWhdm0wxU/jEBcXKqupe8H
|
|
1209
|
+
mC+WSzMd6WQGJR9qYtb3u1o8ZDOuJsQRIBQR1VccQNbXf1JMFIGgZaQLs2U5
|
|
1210
|
+
o1SsHYutiIwmig3AgDYcW0a0N3n2bLEUgnh8ybKWDBAF3yrnBmtNKUcL4kgI
|
|
1211
|
+
igaulEpXZqolP4z9G9c1re9tTXWnHJEAQRJRoGNTVHGcmyvLC8WSHEQcV9ak
|
|
1212
|
+
wts3NslPuRYHjuDQEhQKi6UlWGbTicTY6KihWL2w6gDKEi9Mjf4qziaNSbpW
|
|
1213
|
+
LIgiY4ycLgbFoVxpohqqCgkRrW3xNq/NJn/DFXGTDe0ZFTa5HHa3efrDG9qs
|
|
1214
|
+
vWtas31uwpu1hAhsiwNLCGkJlgnbitZmvc4zp19ho6NvrzrAM08+NqXC4DMX
|
|
1215
|
+
Xv1RsLWzWRCTZqZICERCIHprovymiuLayTMT3xzP106lHCvdmLG3dDQld63J
|
|
1216
|
+
enc0pJPX+YE8z0IMGTt53LI4FBZJS0BagmVfT8vWgYFBNTw6+tyhQ189t1Rd
|
|
1217
|
+
y9oTH3rqy4f2fvpv7990/cju69q7nemSr5k5YuJoPF+7srGzoSvtuTxZlueK
|
|
1218
|
+
fvRz1xK+Y1MgiBUxdCKZabFd975CoXzOYbKMERwLspqSdk9z0tnwT//yrYqR
|
|
1219
|
+
+OxyNC27KqHI3P+Tl/99LhEVM+taMykGacGkY4OgUAlGshm30WFSQpC0bAot
|
|
1220
|
+
QYHlkG8Ly29IJZuVil+3iSqWTaHFpFoyybbetoY79z+1P/arlQeXu71cNsAz
|
|
1221
|
+
Tz42pf3ybx974Xk/EVfbmtNugpk0Mel8RY3ZZFLMpGzByiaWjuDQsThIuuzH
|
|
1222
|
+
MsjIOD4rLAotwdKxLNPZ6N375P798fDl0T89fOArLy1XzzXVhQ4e/NpYFNRu
|
|
1223
|
+
/8mJY4muZq9FEDQT6WIlmC3MzrgUKVcQKWGRFMSha7EfVqtObvKKkKEcFcRS
|
|
1224
|
+
CFYtDcntA0OD/uWRkS89ffCx716LlmsubB08+PiF3MTEf2q/mBVCMBEMk1D5
|
|
1225
|
+
QqkwV8hliVhbhMh2WDmCw6HBX7UX8rMjlu34FkGxYe0w73jp+Esp24ivX6uO
|
|
1226
|
+
FVXmlAyfGR8doUbPTVP9O81EhmeGBy+1MyM24FgwtBCWOnfm9U4IGnSEUUKw
|
|
1227
|
+
ZmFiBrpzE7lzTz31pSW/ea9uK6rMCYhTA5cuJbfuuLljYLw0JaszbYh8PXz5
|
|
1228
|
+
4gbvZ9V7PC+yTRxWpqcKswMD422t7cmhwC+ku9dv9710U28gQxOE/rI28asK
|
|
1229
|
+
cOjQl4f/8q8+NzQ5ermjwTaNuZk32i2KUglX0dTUOPr6NsC2ErgyNon16zNI
|
|
1230
|
+
uDN/ODY2PjYydun0H+z51Ieeff5IYCJ97H0DAIBYqo9/5/nnzv753ofaUj3b
|
|
1231
|
+
rOn8KLq6Q0xOXIFtJ2FbgON42LxlM7q62oUxTm8qtaX3/PkzpXPnz506dOjx
|
|
1232
|
+
f13J+KtSG+3/k4/8sr1j1/aPfuyjuOH6LSiWp6CjKrSuQVCIVDKNZKoJqWQW
|
|
1233
|
+
rtuC4y8dMz/84alAgK47ePCJyfcVYM+ezRu71mYH7rijD2fPr4FlZ7F79060
|
|
1234
|
+
tWXR3NwML+XB9yuYmysgN5HDf5z4GfzaKMZHX/u3F1/85d0rGhyrEEKJhDVX
|
|
1235
|
+
LgVBpILEA/e3Y67YjMGhi3j9F3PIz1RQrkg0NrpoyDCaGgxu2FxDaU5hfFQt
|
|
1236
|
+
ufLwngIcPXohf889N/x4eKR6x+7fymL7tl246aYCAIMwlNCRRLVaRbEwi8Js
|
|
1237
|
+
HoMDs3hrOAdj8PIq6F/5H5q77urrbG3N3L5jexatLduRSd8I11kDISy4jg1m
|
|
1238
|
+
BhFBKo3Lw9MoVwKEUgIws6ugf+UeSKWMDEMZVavSzs++DsdNAjQHIgOpIszM
|
|
1239
|
+
zCGfz6NcKqOnO4tUAjBxLyYnZ/54NQBW7IGjRy/kS6XwRxcvFmFiAZgYWkfQ
|
|
1240
|
+
WsMYg+bmDLq62rGmoxlCCFRrIaam52AMzv+fAPjEJza1Z1vSt+3c2Y7W1puQ
|
|
1241
|
+
9vqQcP87hIQQICJEWmN8fBbGMNZ1t8N27Fv27NncvdLxVxxCUiY41pqCQOLq
|
|
1242
|
+
ENKxwVyhjOnpPCqVKnrWtSE/ncfgTB5kjC4WQ0NENuq1VXMtP/6uCYCIeP5e
|
|
1243
|
+
BlC+664tf3/06MXPT+Rsa+PGMazp7EIy5aFSriKfL2Bqchpzc3OolMoYHcvh
|
|
1244
|
+
ypWcqtXk53/601EfgId65U4TkZ7vR8aYeElalgNNRGJe+OKjACB27Oja1Nqa
|
|
1245
|
+
ujuZbLjb89Lbk0kL5fIc4ljDcTyEYQSl1PlKpfDi5cul7w8Pz+YAKMxXtq+y
|
|
1246
|
+
aOFo6n9OVg5ARNa86MUAC30HgAsgsWvXrt/cunXrEw899FDSdV0UCgUMDQ3h
|
|
1247
|
+
lVdeCS5evPh3Z86ceW1eeDhvwfxRLhIfLe4bY6J30rWkJJ4PmXcyaxGAe/r0
|
|
1248
|
+
6Yu+74+dOHFCTU5OIp/P480334zCMMydOXNmDEAGQApAYuGe+futdxqDiOgd
|
|
1249
|
+
ta22BwC4nZ2dXdu2bfujlpaWe4wxNDMz84OzZ88em5qamkZ9ppfjAflu+bDc
|
|
1250
|
+
HGAANv6XHFhk9iI4CwDNm5m3aJG9Ww4o1MPnXQVe09fovEsXBC+AXO16LBK/
|
|
1251
|
+
0BYggPpqs9jeBlvqCnTNAP/jIXWgBeNF/YXzBfHxIoC3z5cj+Or2X3r9Ye2F
|
|
1252
|
+
1izgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC
|
|
1253
|
+
" alt="tip" class="icon"/>
|
|
1254
|
+
|
|
1255
|
+
<div class="content">You can tune your installation of Ruby-VPI for maximum performance by adding your C compiler’s optimization flag to the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">CFLAGS</span></code> environment variable <em>before</em> you run the installation command (shown below). For example, if your C compiler is GCC, then you can set <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">CFLAGS</span></code> to <tt>-O9</tt> for maximum optimization.</div>
|
|
1256
|
+
</div>
|
|
1257
|
+
Once your system has the <a class="xref" href="#setup.reqs">necessary requirements</a>, you can install Ruby-VPI by running the following commands:</p>
|
|
1258
|
+
|
|
1259
|
+
|
|
1260
|
+
<pre>gem install ruby-vpi
|
|
1261
|
+
ruby-vpi -v</pre>
|
|
1262
|
+
|
|
1263
|
+
|
|
1264
|
+
Otherwise, follow these instructions:
|
|
1265
|
+
<ol>
|
|
1266
|
+
<li>Download the newest <tt>tar.gz</tt> release package from <a href="http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=1339">the project download area</a>.</li>
|
|
1267
|
+
<li>Extract the release package anywhere you want on your system.</li>
|
|
1268
|
+
<li>Go inside the extracted directory and run the following commands:</li>
|
|
1269
|
+
</ol>
|
|
1270
|
+
|
|
1271
|
+
|
|
1272
|
+
<pre>rake build
|
|
1273
|
+
ruby bin/ruby-vpi -v</pre>
|
|
1274
|
+
|
|
1275
|
+
|
|
1276
|
+
<p>If the installation was successful, then you will see output like this: <pre>ruby-vpi 20.0.0 (2008-01-27) http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org /home/sun/src/ruby-vpi
|
|
1277
|
+
</pre></p>
|
|
1278
|
+
|
|
1279
|
+
|
|
1280
|
+
<p>Otherwise, you can ask for help in the <a href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/ruby-vpi-discuss">project mailing list</a>.</p>
|
|
1281
|
+
|
|
1282
|
+
|
|
1283
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
1284
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
1285
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup.inst.windows" href="#a-606799148">2.3.1</a> Installing on Windows
|
|
1286
|
+
</h3>
|
|
1287
|
+
<div class="content"><p>After Ruby-VPI is compiled, it is linked to symbols whose names begin with <tt>_vpi</tt>. In GNU/Linux and similar operating systems, these symbols are allowed to be undefined. However, this is not the case in Windows because we <a href="http://sourceware.org/ml/cygwin/2001-12/msg01293.html">cannot compile a shared object file with references to undefined symbols in Windows</a>.</p>
|
|
1288
|
+
|
|
1289
|
+
|
|
1290
|
+
<p>One solution to this problem is to supply the Verilog simulator’s VPI object file, which contains definitions of all VPI symbols, to the linker. The following steps illustrate this process.</p>
|
|
1291
|
+
|
|
1292
|
+
|
|
1293
|
+
<ol>
|
|
1294
|
+
<li>Install <a href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a>, the Linux-like environment for Windows.</li>
|
|
1295
|
+
<li>Search for object files whose names end with <tt>.so</tt>, <tt>.o</tt>, or <tt>.dll</tt> in your Verilog simulator’s installation directory.</li>
|
|
1296
|
+
<li>Determine which object files, among those found in the previous step, contain symbols whose names begin with “_vpi” by running the following command in Cygwin: <pre>for x in *.{o,so,dll}; do nm $x | grep -q '[Tt] _vpi' && echo $x; done</pre>
|
|
1297
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1298
|
+
<li>If you are using Mentor Modelsim, the desired object file can be found at a path similar to <tt>C:\Modeltech\win32\libvsim.dll</tt>.</li>
|
|
1299
|
+
<li>If you are using GPL Cver, the desired object file can be found at a path similar to <tt>C:\gplcver\objs\v_vpi.o</tt>.</li>
|
|
1300
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1301
|
+
</li>
|
|
1302
|
+
<li>Assign the path of the object file (determined in the previous step) to the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LDFLAGS</span></code> environment variable. For example, if the object file’s path is <tt>/foo/bar/vpi.so</tt>, then you would run the following command in Cygwin: <pre>export LDFLAGS=/foo/bar/vpi.so</pre></li>
|
|
1303
|
+
<li>You may now install Ruby-VPI by running the following command in Cygwin: <pre>gem install ruby-vpi</pre></li>
|
|
1304
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1305
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1306
|
+
</div>
|
|
1307
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1308
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1309
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup.maintenance" href="#a-606801708">2.4</a> Maintenance
|
|
1310
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1311
|
+
<div class="content"><p>You can upgrade to the latest release of Ruby-VPI by running the following command:</p>
|
|
1312
|
+
|
|
1313
|
+
|
|
1314
|
+
<pre>gem update ruby-vpi</pre>
|
|
1315
|
+
|
|
1316
|
+
|
|
1317
|
+
<p>You can uninstall Ruby-VPI by running the following command:</p>
|
|
1318
|
+
|
|
1319
|
+
|
|
1320
|
+
<pre>gem uninstall ruby-vpi</pre>
|
|
1321
|
+
|
|
1322
|
+
|
|
1323
|
+
<p>Learn more about using RubyGems in <a href="http://www.rubygems.org">the RubyGems user guide</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1324
|
+
</div>
|
|
1325
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1326
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1327
|
+
<a class="toc" id="setup.manifest" href="#a-606803858">2.5</a> Manifest
|
|
1328
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1329
|
+
<div class="content">Now that Ruby-VPI is installed on your system, let us examine its installation directory.
|
|
1330
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1331
|
+
<li>If you installed Ruby-VPI manually, then you already know the location of its installation directory.</li>
|
|
1332
|
+
<li>If you installed Ruby-VPI using RubyGems, then run <pre>ruby-vpi -v</pre> and select the right-most item in the output—that is the path of Ruby-VPI’s installation directory.</li>
|
|
1333
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1334
|
+
|
|
1335
|
+
|
|
1336
|
+
Inside Ruby-VPI’s installation directory, you will see (among other things) the following items:
|
|
1337
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1338
|
+
<li><tt>bin/</tt> – contains executable programs (see <a class="xref" href="#usage.tools">Section 4.8: <em>Tools</em></a>).</li>
|
|
1339
|
+
<li><tt>doc/</tt> – contains user documentation in various formats.</li>
|
|
1340
|
+
<li><tt>ref/</tt> – contains reference API documentation in HTML format.</li>
|
|
1341
|
+
<li><tt>examples/</tt> – contains example Ruby-VPI tests (see <a class="xref" href="#usage.examples">Section 4.9.8: <em>More examples</em></a>).</li>
|
|
1342
|
+
<li><tt>ext/</tt> – contains source code, written in the C language, for the <a class="xref" href="#organization">core of Ruby-VPI</a>.</li>
|
|
1343
|
+
<li><tt>lib/</tt> – contains Ruby libraries provided by Ruby-VPI.</li>
|
|
1344
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1345
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
1346
|
+
</div>
|
|
1347
|
+
<div class="chapter">
|
|
1348
|
+
<h1 class="title">
|
|
1349
|
+
Chapter
|
|
1350
|
+
<a class="toc" id="organization" href="#a-606810448">3</a>
|
|
1351
|
+
|
|
1352
|
+
<br/>
|
|
1353
|
+
|
|
1354
|
+
<big>Background</big>
|
|
1355
|
+
</h1>
|
|
1356
|
+
|
|
1357
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Ruby-VPI is a bridge between <span class="caps">IEEE 1364</span>-2005 Verilog VPI and the Ruby language. It enables Ruby programs to use VPI either (1) in the same, verbose way that C programs do, or (2) in a simpler, higher level way.</p>
|
|
1358
|
+
|
|
1359
|
+
|
|
1360
|
+
<p><div class="figure">
|
|
1361
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:organization.detail" href="#a-606812008">Figure 1</a>. Where does Ruby-VPI fit in?</p>
|
|
1362
|
+
<div class="content"><img src="figures/organization_detailed.png" alt="" /></div>
|
|
1363
|
+
</div>
|
|
1364
|
+
As <a class="xref" href="#fig:organization.detail">Figure 1: <em>Where does Ruby-VPI fit in?</em></a> shows, Ruby-VPI is composed of two complementary parts: one interacts with VPI through the C language, while the other interacts with an executable specification written in the Ruby language. The former is complied during installation to produce dynamically loadable C libraries—-each tailored to accommodate the quirks of its respective Verilog simulator. The latter is not compiled because Ruby programs are interpreted dynamically.</p>
|
|
1365
|
+
|
|
1366
|
+
|
|
1367
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
1368
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1369
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Motivation" href="#a-606815068">3.1</a> Motivation
|
|
1370
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1371
|
+
<div class="content">If you would like to know why Ruby-VPI developed, please read this <a href="http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org/papers/masters_thesis.html#tth_sEc5.2">motivation section</a> of my masters thesis.</div>
|
|
1372
|
+
</div>
|
|
1373
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1374
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1375
|
+
<a class="toc" id="organization.tests" href="#a-606817088">3.2</a> Tests
|
|
1376
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1377
|
+
<div class="content"><p>In Ruby-VPI, the process of functional verification is neatly packaged into self-contained, executable tests. As <a class="xref" href="#fig:organization">Figure 2: <em>Organization of a test in Ruby-VPI</em></a> illustrates, a test is composed of a <strong>bench</strong>, a <strong>design</strong>, and a <strong>specification</strong>.</p>
|
|
1378
|
+
|
|
1379
|
+
|
|
1380
|
+
<p><div class="figure">
|
|
1381
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:organization" href="#a-606820058">Figure 2</a>. Organization of a test in Ruby-VPI</p>
|
|
1382
|
+
<div class="content"><img src="figures/organization.png" alt="" /></div>
|
|
1383
|
+
</div>
|
|
1384
|
+
<strong>The bench</strong> is Ruby-VPI. It defines the environment in which functional verification takes place. This is analogous to a workbench in an electronics laboratory that is furnished with tools of measurement and manipulation such as oscilloscopes, voltmeters, soldering irons, and so on which enable engineers to verify electronic components and locate the source of defects within those components.</p>
|
|
1385
|
+
|
|
1386
|
+
|
|
1387
|
+
<p><strong>The design</strong> is an instantiated Verilog module. To extend the analogy of the electronics laboratory, it corresponds to the electronic component that is verified by an engineer.</p>
|
|
1388
|
+
|
|
1389
|
+
|
|
1390
|
+
<p><strong>The specification</strong> is a Ruby program. In the electronics laboratory analogy, it corresponds to the engineer who inspects, manipulates, and verifies the electronic component. In terms of specification-driven functional verification, it corresponds to the executable specification.</p></div>
|
|
1391
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1392
|
+
</div>
|
|
1393
|
+
<div class="chapter">
|
|
1394
|
+
<h1 class="title">
|
|
1395
|
+
Chapter
|
|
1396
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage" href="#a-606822688">4</a>
|
|
1397
|
+
|
|
1398
|
+
<br/>
|
|
1399
|
+
|
|
1400
|
+
<big>Usage</big>
|
|
1401
|
+
</h1>
|
|
1402
|
+
|
|
1403
|
+
<div class="content"><div class="section">
|
|
1404
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1405
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.theory" href="#a-606824258">4.1</a> Theory of operation
|
|
1406
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1407
|
+
<div class="content"><p>When you run a Ruby-VPI test, the following chain reaction occurs.</p>
|
|
1408
|
+
|
|
1409
|
+
|
|
1410
|
+
<p><div class="paragraph">
|
|
1411
|
+
<p class="title">Rake (via the <tt>Rakefile</tt>)</p>
|
|
1412
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
1413
|
+
<li>Specifies a user-defined Ruby script that will be loaded
|
|
1414
|
+
by Ruby-VPI once the simulator has been launched.</li>
|
|
1415
|
+
<li>Determines where all necessary Verilog modules & Verilog libraries
|
|
1416
|
+
are and launches the Verilog simulator with this knowledge.</li>
|
|
1417
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1418
|
+
</div>
|
|
1419
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
1420
|
+
<p class="title">Verilog simulator</p>
|
|
1421
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
1422
|
+
<li>Launches the Ruby interpreter and loads Ruby-VPI into it.</li>
|
|
1423
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1424
|
+
</div>
|
|
1425
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
1426
|
+
<p class="title">Ruby-VPI</p>
|
|
1427
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
1428
|
+
<li>Establishes the <a class="xref" href="#vpi">basic verification environment</a> (the nice library for <a class="xref" href="#vpi.handles">working with VPI handles</a>, and so on).</li>
|
|
1429
|
+
<li>Loads the user-defined Ruby script that was specified by Rake.</li>
|
|
1430
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1431
|
+
</div>
|
|
1432
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
1433
|
+
<p class="title">User-defined Ruby script</p>
|
|
1434
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
1435
|
+
<li>Determines what Verilog modules are going to be tested.</li>
|
|
1436
|
+
<li>Determines what Ruby files are going to do the testing.</li>
|
|
1437
|
+
<li>Associates them together and starts the simulation.</li>
|
|
1438
|
+
</ol>
|
|
1439
|
+
|
|
1440
|
+
|
|
1441
|
+
<p>For example, consider this user-defined Ruby script:
|
|
1442
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
1443
|
+
designHandle = vpi_handle_by_name(<span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">whatever</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span>)
|
|
1444
|
+
testFiles = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Dir</span>[<span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">path/to/files/*.whatever</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>]
|
|
1445
|
+
|
|
1446
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">RubyVPI</span>.load_test( designHandle, testFiles )
|
|
1447
|
+
</pre></p>
|
|
1448
|
+
|
|
1449
|
+
|
|
1450
|
+
Here, the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">RubyVPI</span>.load_test</code> method will:
|
|
1451
|
+
<ol>
|
|
1452
|
+
<li>Create a temporary module (a sandbox).</li>
|
|
1453
|
+
<li>Define a constant named <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span></code> inside the sandbox.</li>
|
|
1454
|
+
<li>Load all the test files into the sandbox.</li>
|
|
1455
|
+
</ol>
|
|
1456
|
+
|
|
1457
|
+
|
|
1458
|
+
<p>In this manner, we can (1) load as many tests into the simulation as we wish and (2) use any files we want (and organize them however we like) to perform the testing.</p></div>
|
|
1459
|
+
</div>
|
|
1460
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1461
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
1462
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Test-files" href="#a-606835008">4.1.1</a> Test files
|
|
1463
|
+
</h3>
|
|
1464
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Ruby-VPI tests (when produced by the <a class="xref" href="#usage.tools.generate">automated test generator</a>) are typically composed of the following files.</p>
|
|
1465
|
+
|
|
1466
|
+
|
|
1467
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1468
|
+
<li><tt>runner.rake</tt>
|
|
1469
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1470
|
+
<li>Launches the Verilog simulator, loads Ruby-VPI into it, and executes the user-defined Ruby script.</li>
|
|
1471
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
1472
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1473
|
+
|
|
1474
|
+
|
|
1475
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1476
|
+
<li><tt>design.rb</tt>
|
|
1477
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1478
|
+
<li>Defines convenience methods on the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span></code> object.</li>
|
|
1479
|
+
<li>May define other data structures to aid the testing.</li>
|
|
1480
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
1481
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1482
|
+
|
|
1483
|
+
|
|
1484
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1485
|
+
<li><tt>proto.rb</tt>
|
|
1486
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1487
|
+
<li>Uses the <a class="xref" href="#usage.concurrency">concurrency model</a> to emulate the design under test’s Verilog implementation.</li>
|
|
1488
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
1489
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1490
|
+
|
|
1491
|
+
|
|
1492
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1493
|
+
<li><tt>spec.rb</tt>
|
|
1494
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1495
|
+
<li>Does some tests on the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span></code> object.</li>
|
|
1496
|
+
<li>If you want to test multiple Verilog objects, then simply
|
|
1497
|
+
use the <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name()</code> function to get access to
|
|
1498
|
+
the Verilog objects you want and proceed as usual.</li>
|
|
1499
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
1500
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1501
|
+
|
|
1502
|
+
|
|
1503
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1504
|
+
<li><tt>loader.rb</tt>
|
|
1505
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1506
|
+
<li>The user-defined Ruby script which loads the test.</li>
|
|
1507
|
+
</ul></li>
|
|
1508
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1509
|
+
|
|
1510
|
+
|
|
1511
|
+
<p>Note that because the user-defined Ruby script (<tt>loader.rb</tt> among the files above) decides what files to load, you are free to organize your tests however you like. As a result, the files presented above are a mere <em>convention</em> that you can <em>choose</em> to follow rather than being forced to follow.</p></div>
|
|
1512
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
1513
|
+
</div><div class="section">
|
|
1514
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1515
|
+
<a class="toc" id="overview.relay" href="#a-606840438">4.2</a> Interacting with the Verilog simulator
|
|
1516
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1517
|
+
<div class="content"><p>In a typical VPI application written in C, the <em>Verilog simulator</em> is in charge. Verilog code temporarily transfers control to C by invoking C functions, which return control to Verilog when they finish.</p>
|
|
1518
|
+
|
|
1519
|
+
|
|
1520
|
+
<p>In contrast, Ruby-VPI puts the <em>specification</em> in charge. The specification temporarily transfers control to the Verilog simulator by invoking the <code class="code">advance_time</code> method, which returns control to the specification after a given number of time steps. This process is illustrated in <a class="xref" href="#fig:ruby_relay">Figure 3: <em>Interaction between Ruby and Verilog</em></a>. You can also use the <code class="code">wait</code> method, which is just an alias to the <code class="code">advance_time</code> method, if you prefer.</p>
|
|
1521
|
+
|
|
1522
|
+
|
|
1523
|
+
<p>Ruby-VPI’s approach is the same as any software testing framework, where the <em>specification</em> drives the design under test. In contrast, the VPI & C approach is literally <em>backwards</em> because the design under test drives the specification.</p>
|
|
1524
|
+
|
|
1525
|
+
|
|
1526
|
+
<p><div class="figure">
|
|
1527
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:ruby_relay" href="#a-606843408">Figure 3</a>. Interaction between Ruby and Verilog</p>
|
|
1528
|
+
<div class="content"><img src="figures/ruby_relay.png" alt="" />
|
|
1529
|
+
|
|
1530
|
+
|
|
1531
|
+
<ol>
|
|
1532
|
+
<li>The current simulation time is <em>X</em>.</li>
|
|
1533
|
+
<li>The specification invokes the <code class="code">advance_time</code> method with parameter <em>Y</em>, which specifies the number of simulation time steps to be simulated.</li>
|
|
1534
|
+
<li>The Verilog simulator is now in control (temporarily).</li>
|
|
1535
|
+
<li>The current simulation time has <em>not</em> changed; it is still <em>X</em>.</li>
|
|
1536
|
+
<li>The Verilog simulator simulates <em>Y</em> simulation time steps.</li>
|
|
1537
|
+
<li>The current simulation time is now <em>X + Y</em>.</li>
|
|
1538
|
+
<li>The Verilog simulator returns control back to the specification.</li>
|
|
1539
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
1540
|
+
</div>
|
|
1541
|
+
Another means of transferring control from the specification to the Verilog simulator is the <a class="xref" href="#vpi.callbacks">VPI callback</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1542
|
+
</div>
|
|
1543
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1544
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
1545
|
+
<a class="toc" id="vpi" href="#a-606846998">4.3</a> VPI in Ruby
|
|
1546
|
+
</h2>
|
|
1547
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Ruby-VPI provides the <em>entire</em> IEEE Std 1364-2005 VPI interface to Ruby. This section will show you how to make use of it.</p>
|
|
1548
|
+
|
|
1549
|
+
|
|
1550
|
+
<p><div class="note">
|
|
1551
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="Constants-are-capitalized-in-Ruby" href="#a-606848628">Note 1</a>. Constants are capitalized in Ruby</p>
|
|
1552
|
+
|
|
1553
|
+
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
|
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|
+
fAhkiAAAAAlwSFlzAAAN1wAADdcBQiibeAAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAd3d3
|
|
1555
|
+
Lmlua3NjYXBlLm9yZ5vuPBoAAAmCSURBVGiB1ZltbJXlGcd/9/N+Tlssh1Ja
|
|
1556
|
+
hNEJaK2UFxFptqC2wGCSTWdM3DSQzWVDEzVxy4xfjNkHQ8xMnEEXviwZ62Rj
|
|
1557
|
+
6siWTcVBZeJA5yBQpOWlKNZSaEvpyyk95zwv970Pp+fY5/S0tFBkXsmTc67n
|
|
1558
|
+
eu77+f/u6349Ryil+Cqbdq0FXKldEuClp+3nfvVz/eJLT9vPXQv/igFc13tq
|
|
1559
|
+
w4/ujLqu99S18C9lRr6br7zyyi2WZb2eSqUqpVSUlE5BSmW8/PLL6sv2bdtu
|
|
1560
|
+
TiaT9z/++ONN486AZVm/XLiw+qZlt98Wun/bsqUhf+nSJSF/ya2LQv6ixQtD
|
|
1561
|
+
/sJFC0L+guqqkF91S2XIr6y6idlfm1Vp2/Yz+XSOCiCEqDJMQ3ze+hm6bnC+
|
|
1562
|
+
sx9d1zl+vBlN1znf2Y+m6TQfa0LTvvCbmo6G/KNHj4T8Ix83hvzGI4dD/uHG
|
|
1563
|
+
QyG/peUElmUJIURlPp2jAkgpiwXg+R5FM9dRv3U/heXrkFJSWHZ32i/7NlJK
|
|
1564
|
+
CsrWUr91P9EZa5FSEildQ/3W/USmfwspJc701dRv3Y9dshopJda0VdRv3Y8V
|
|
1565
|
+
W4mUEjO2kvqt+zCm1iGlxCiu5fe/24defBeu6yHSkopHAxD51oEtW7bEb1++
|
|
1566
|
+
rLC5+ShBEKCU+uJCgWJCvlJD9/iinlw/o2O4b5omixct4fixkz2PPPJILB9A
|
|
1567
|
+
3kEspYzOmjWbxYuWjIiNtfBdjdjg4EWam44XjhYf0YU2b948xTTNoGRaSbjl
|
|
1568
|
+
R2mlqx0rLCxC0zR98+bNdj6AERkIgiDmOI6nlDK/7NbOF1NKYdt2KplMxoCz
|
|
1569
|
+
ufERAKZpxiKRSDC8wnfeeWfUl06W0FxbtWpV9tloNOoPDg6OD0BKGYtEIqGX
|
|
1570
|
+
rV69etKFXio2vGs5jqOklOMbxJqmxaLRqBheSRAEo77sSoWOZkKI7DORSERo
|
|
1571
|
+
mjY+AKVULBKJGMMB3n333Uum/XK35aOVq6ury2YiEonoSqnxAziOYw0HqKur
|
|
1572
|
+
G5fIyR68mU/Hccyes8cq19cVbQB84Fh9Q/xgXgDTNGfYtq0NBxivkMmGAGg7
|
|
1573
|
+
3cTOV58xe9tPPvnwuodUxFX89cOd/vq6orX1DfG9IwB0XS+zbTs0kHbt2jVh
|
|
1574
|
+
iMwscrkQrS2H+ce2TfSdPc2Dd9xN1cL7TK29E9rbWWBXWk9o+95eX1c0Jd9K
|
|
1575
|
+
XGqaZghg5cqVExIyEaG51tL0IW9u2wRuijVrf4JXXIHR1oZoaIC2NjhzBtHb
|
|
1576
|
+
S+lcTT9jBNPzAUyzLCvUBy9HyETLHm98nze3bWKw7xy1NZXcOG8JUmq0BgGt
|
|
1577
|
+
paVoRUWUfPwxnb5Pl+/RJ6QAIvkGcXFuBq4mxNEDu3lr2yaUN8BdyyuZO/d2
|
|
1578
|
+
hNBQ0sPrf43C0yvoqqjic9umdXCQ85akeT6plMUL9f+Mf5pvIZtiGAa5g3gy
|
|
1579
|
+
IZRSNH74Nm/9cRO2HrByeSUVFRWAQAYpEj2nSF44hZI+F/tn4V0/n3hPJ+1V
|
|
1580
|
+
ym+KKFcY4lXPU89A/r1QgWEY+L6fvbd79+4rhkg/Izlz8j+c/O/rlBRHufuO
|
|
1581
|
+
BcyeNRsA6Q+S6G4h1XcaJdMLZ0evT3tXG/65VznU9j5eofqN5/N8/c7+9kyd
|
|
1582
|
+
ofPAiy++GIlGo/ENGzborutOWOhosSDw+ehfb7Dzzy9QVjKFO5bdTHl5eTrm
|
|
1583
|
+
xklcOEmq73NQEqmgvduj5axLR5/GRVdQd89G2uMFsqd3wH722Wf94XWHMhCJ
|
|
1584
|
+
RGK2bbtAZDLmc99z+aDhT+x6/dfMmTWdH3znG5ROL03HUr0kzp/AjbcDikAq
|
|
1585
|
+
Wrt8TrWn6IgbSC1K3b2PsbzuAQqLrmP79u2u0KypQNeoAL7vxxzH8XMHb0ND
|
|
1586
|
+
w4Qh2k99RPO//0DlvNlsuL+WabFpAHiJbpLdx3EHOgBwfcVnnR4t7SnO9Qk0
|
|
1587
|
+
q5Ablt7Lgz/+BZqmZ+uzbdsfGBiIjQkwtI1QuTNQbW3tJVt7uB14bwcfHdnB
|
|
1588
|
+
xofvoTgaBQTuxXMkuk/gD3YDkHAVn55z+eRcis64QUnZXB7Y8DNuXnzXiNlv
|
|
1589
|
+
aD+kDMMYsR8akQHTNIWU8rJnoAN7d7DrtefZ+MSjRGfMI/HpPuInd+EnewGI
|
|
1590
|
+
JySnzrp81unRGRdU3LiUHz76JBU3LhkhOmNSShzHId+WOgSQTCZjlmWFdqIA
|
|
1591
|
+
e/bsGdcs03ZiH62H/sJPH12PXXAd0r2IXVZFz5E36BkIaDnr0trl09kXUF6x
|
|
1592
|
+
iOW191BYXM7p9j5Ot+8J1XXnnXeGYEzT1F3XHRsgCIKYZVlmLsCKFStGtMqw
|
|
1593
|
+
Mvi+z4H3dtD1yXus+e59WJaBn+hBc+MoBUfaFM2nk1y4KKlaupq1teuZWjIT
|
|
1594
|
+
wzDQdR3DMDAMA9M0s/UOFy+lxLZtw/f9sQE8z5tu27aR24UyhwshROiQ47ou
|
|
1595
|
+
rutyaN/f2Pv3Lew9fJ7Dxzr4/pqv0xt36e4ZoOt8D6mUy7zFa6m5dR0FRVPx
|
|
1596
|
+
lUFvby+maWJZFqZpZr9blkVmIR0OY5qm6XnetDEBlFLllmWNaO29e/eS8xy+
|
|
1597
|
+
7+P7Pm0nPuD4B9soKCxkzTdvoOC6Ms755TglMWZ+bSpzIsWYzhR0XSdQOslk
|
|
1598
|
+
ksw7hBAIIdA0LfuZ2cbkvs80TaGUKh8TwPf9UsuykFKGIGpqanLLZVPbffNc
|
|
1599
|
+
vvfQY3heGsjzPDzPy3at3Exqmoau6+i6jmmaGIaB4zg4joNhGKEsZ0xKyZCu
|
|
1600
|
+
GZcCKMnsRIf3QV3XRwBkYmUzK0JAmSsIguz3fK2t6zqapqFp2og6873Hsiw8
|
|
1601
|
+
z5s+JkAqlZqaycDlTKO5gsZTbjynvkwGXNedOiaA67pT8gFMBOJqxDIAqVRq
|
|
1602
|
+
xI+8IYBEIlE4lKoJn4evZiwDkEgkinKfyeZ748aNpuu6pmma2QzkXplKv+yY
|
|
1603
|
+
lBLTNEkmk86CBQus4QDZDDQ2Nl4/f/5817Isp7S0NDv3T6aNZzUfzXzfRwjh
|
|
1604
|
+
K6XmCCHOAoNKKWkACCEKqqurpwkhZEtLC42NjZOledKsuroaTdOU67olwACg
|
|
1605
|
+
CSEGDCGEBdiu6zq+75NMJkNL+v+LJRIJfN8nkUhEgAgQAK5BehzoPT098e7u
|
|
1606
|
+
bj2VSjFnzpxrKjafSSm5cOEC/f39KUAnrVsTgAkUAYU1NTUPx2KxjUEQTLmW
|
|
1607
|
+
YvOZpmnxjo6O3x48eHA76S4UB3qEUgohRBQoGLoyKTJJp+nyR97kmA1IwANS
|
|
1608
|
+
wODQ1auUSmYP9UNjoQBwAIv0DBUMFb6WZpNuRB9wSYsfUEr5kOdfSiGETrr1
|
|
1609
|
+
DUCQhrhWJkj394A0gKeUCjVo3r9Zv0r2P3yyQqPd16MPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC
|
|
1610
|
+
" alt="note" class="icon"/>
|
|
1611
|
+
|
|
1612
|
+
<div class="content"><p>In the remainder of this guide, you may be surprised to see that VPI constants such as <code class="code">vpiIntVal</code> are written with a captialized name, as <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiIntVal</span></code>. The reason for this discrepancy is that in Ruby, the names of constants are capitalized.</p>
|
|
1613
|
+
|
|
1614
|
+
|
|
1615
|
+
<p>However, keep in mind that Ruby-VPI provides all VPI constants in both (1) their original, uncapitalized form and (2) their capitalized Ruby form. You may use either version according to your preference; they are functionally equivalent.</p></div>
|
|
1616
|
+
</div>
|
|
1617
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1618
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
1619
|
+
<a class="toc" id="vpi.handles" href="#a-606850438">4.3.1</a> Handles
|
|
1620
|
+
</h3>
|
|
1621
|
+
<div class="content"><p>A <strong>handle</strong> is a reference to an object (such as a module, register, wire, and so on) inside the Verilog simulation. Handles allows you to inspect and manipulate the design under test and its internal components. They are instances of the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VPI</span>::<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Handle</span></code> class (see <a href="api/ruby/classes/VPI/Handle.html">reference documentation</a> for details) in Ruby-VPI.</p>
|
|
1622
|
+
|
|
1623
|
+
|
|
1624
|
+
<p>Handles have various <strong>properties</strong>, listed in the second column of <a class="xref" href="#tbl:accessors">Table 1: <em>Possible accessors and their implications</em></a>, which provide different kinds of information about the underlying Verilog objects they represent. These properties are accessed through the VPI functions listed in the last column of <a class="xref" href="#tbl:accessors">Table 1: <em>Possible accessors and their implications</em></a>.</p>
|
|
1625
|
+
|
|
1626
|
+
|
|
1627
|
+
<p>Handles are typically obtained through the <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name</code> and <code class="code">vpi_handle</code> functions. These functions are hierarchical in nature, as they allow you to obtain new handles that are related to existing ones. For example, to obtain a handle to a register contained within a module, one would typically write: <code class="code">your_reg = vpi_handle( <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiReg</span>, your_handle )</code></p>
|
|
1628
|
+
|
|
1629
|
+
|
|
1630
|
+
<p><div class="paragraph">
|
|
1631
|
+
<p class="title">Shortcuts for productivity</p>
|
|
1632
|
+
<div class="content">Given a handle, Ruby-VPI allows you to access (1) its relatives and (2) its properties simply by invoking methods on the handle. If a handle’s relative happens to have the same name as one its properties, then the relative is given priority because a handle’s properties can always be accessed explicitly through the <code class="code">handle.get_value</code> and <code class="code">handle.put_value</code> methods.</div>
|
|
1633
|
+
</div>
|
|
1634
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1635
|
+
<h4 class="title">
|
|
1636
|
+
<a class="toc" id="vpi.handles.relatives" href="#a-606856398">4.3.1.1</a> Accessing a handle’s relatives
|
|
1637
|
+
</h4>
|
|
1638
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Imagine that the design under test, say <em>foo</em>, instantiated a Verilog module named <em>bar</em>, which in turn contained a register named <em>baz</em>. To access baz from Ruby, one could employ VPI idioms by writing:</p>
|
|
1639
|
+
|
|
1640
|
+
|
|
1641
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
1642
|
+
foo = vpi_handle_by_name( <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">foo</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span> )
|
|
1643
|
+
bar = vpi_handle_by_name( <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">bar</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, foo )
|
|
1644
|
+
baz = vpi_handle_by_name( <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">baz</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, bar )
|
|
1645
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1646
|
+
|
|
1647
|
+
|
|
1648
|
+
<p>or by writing:</p>
|
|
1649
|
+
|
|
1650
|
+
|
|
1651
|
+
<code class="code">baz = vpi_handle_by_name( <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">foo.bar.bar</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span> )</code>
|
|
1652
|
+
|
|
1653
|
+
|
|
1654
|
+
<p>These idioms seem excessively verbose in a higher level language such as Ruby, so Ruby-VPI allows you to access a handle’s relative by simply invoking the relative’s name as a method on the handle:</p>
|
|
1655
|
+
|
|
1656
|
+
|
|
1657
|
+
<code class="code">foo.bar.baz</code></div>
|
|
1658
|
+
</div>
|
|
1659
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
1660
|
+
<h4 class="title">
|
|
1661
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Accessing-a-handle-s-properties" href="#a-606858628">4.3.1.2</a> Accessing a handle’s properties
|
|
1662
|
+
</h4>
|
|
1663
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Imagine that the design under test, say <em>foo</em>, contained a register named <em>bar</em>. To access the integer value of <em>bar</em> in Ruby-VPI, one could employ VPI idioms by writing:</p>
|
|
1664
|
+
|
|
1665
|
+
|
|
1666
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
1667
|
+
wrapper = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">S_vpi_value</span>.new
|
|
1668
|
+
wrapper.format = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiIntVal</span>
|
|
1669
|
+
vpi_get_value( foo.bar, wrapper )
|
|
1670
|
+
result = wrapper.value.integer
|
|
1671
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1672
|
+
|
|
1673
|
+
|
|
1674
|
+
<p>or, if <em>bar</em> is capable of storing more than 32 bits, one would convert a string representation of bar’s integer value into a limitless Ruby integer by writing:</p>
|
|
1675
|
+
|
|
1676
|
+
|
|
1677
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
1678
|
+
wrapper = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">S_vpi_value</span>.new
|
|
1679
|
+
wrapper.format = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiHexStrVal</span>
|
|
1680
|
+
vpi_get_value( foo.bar, wrapper )
|
|
1681
|
+
result = wrapper.value.str.to_i( <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">16</span> )
|
|
1682
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1683
|
+
|
|
1684
|
+
|
|
1685
|
+
<p>These idioms seem excessively verbose in a higher level language such as Ruby, so Ruby-VPI allows you to access a handle’s properties by simply invoking property names, using the special naming format shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:method-naming-format">Figure 4: <em>Method naming format for accessing a handle’s properties</em></a>, as methods on the handle:</p>
|
|
1686
|
+
|
|
1687
|
+
|
|
1688
|
+
<code class="code">result = foo.bar.intVal</code></div>
|
|
1689
|
+
</div>
|
|
1690
|
+
<div class="figure">
|
|
1691
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:method-naming-format" href="#a-606862348">Figure 4</a>. Method naming format for accessing a handle’s properties</p>
|
|
1692
|
+
<div class="content"><table border="1">
|
|
1693
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1694
|
+
<th>Operation </th>
|
|
1695
|
+
<th>_ </th>
|
|
1696
|
+
<th>Property </th>
|
|
1697
|
+
<th>_ </th>
|
|
1698
|
+
<th>Accessor </th>
|
|
1699
|
+
<th>Addendum </th>
|
|
1700
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1701
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1702
|
+
<td colspan="2">optional </td>
|
|
1703
|
+
<td> required </td>
|
|
1704
|
+
<td colspan="3">optional </td>
|
|
1705
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1706
|
+
</table>
|
|
1707
|
+
|
|
1708
|
+
|
|
1709
|
+
|
|
1710
|
+
|
|
1711
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1712
|
+
<li><strong>Operation</strong> suggests a method that should be invoked in the context of the <strong>Property</strong> parameter. All methods in <a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Enumerable.html">Ruby’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Enumerable</span></code> module</a> are valid operations.</li>
|
|
1713
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1714
|
+
|
|
1715
|
+
|
|
1716
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1717
|
+
<li><strong>Property</strong> suggests a VPI property that should be accessed. The “vpi” prefix, which is common to all VPI properties, can be omitted if you wish. For example, the VPI property “vpiFullName” is considered equivalent to “fullName” and “FullName”, but not equivalent to “full_name”.</li>
|
|
1718
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1719
|
+
|
|
1720
|
+
|
|
1721
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1722
|
+
<li><strong>Accessor</strong> suggests a VPI function that should be used in order to access the VPI property. When this parameter is not specified, Ruby-VPI will attempt to <em>guess</em> the value of this parameter.
|
|
1723
|
+
|
|
1724
|
+
<p><a class="xref" href="#tbl:accessors">Table 1: <em>Possible accessors and their implications</em></a> shows a list of valid accessors and how they influence the means by which a property is accessed.</p></li>
|
|
1725
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1726
|
+
|
|
1727
|
+
|
|
1728
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1729
|
+
<li>When <strong>Addendum</strong> is an equal sign (=), it suggests that the specified VPI property should be written to.
|
|
1730
|
+
|
|
1731
|
+
<p>When it is a question mark (?), it suggests that the specified VPI property should be accessed as a boolean value. This suggestion is the same as specifying “b” as the <strong>Accessor</strong>.</p></li>
|
|
1732
|
+
</ul></div>
|
|
1733
|
+
</div>
|
|
1734
|
+
<div class="table">
|
|
1735
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="tbl:accessors" href="#a-606865648">Table 1</a>. Possible accessors and their implications</p>
|
|
1736
|
+
<div class="content"><table border="1">
|
|
1737
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1738
|
+
<th>Accessor </th>
|
|
1739
|
+
<th>Kind of value accessed </th>
|
|
1740
|
+
<th>VPI functions used to access the value </th>
|
|
1741
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1742
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1743
|
+
<td> d </td>
|
|
1744
|
+
<td> delay </td>
|
|
1745
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_get_delays</code>, <code class="code">vpi_put_delays</code> </td>
|
|
1746
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1747
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1748
|
+
<td> l </td>
|
|
1749
|
+
<td> logic </td>
|
|
1750
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_get_value</code>, <code class="code">vpi_put_value</code> </td>
|
|
1751
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1752
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1753
|
+
<td> i </td>
|
|
1754
|
+
<td> integer </td>
|
|
1755
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_get</code> </td>
|
|
1756
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1757
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1758
|
+
<td> b </td>
|
|
1759
|
+
<td> boolean </td>
|
|
1760
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_get</code> </td>
|
|
1761
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1762
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1763
|
+
<td> s </td>
|
|
1764
|
+
<td> string </td>
|
|
1765
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_get_str</code> </td>
|
|
1766
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1767
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1768
|
+
<td> h </td>
|
|
1769
|
+
<td> handle </td>
|
|
1770
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_handle</code> </td>
|
|
1771
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1772
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1773
|
+
<td> a </td>
|
|
1774
|
+
<td> array </td>
|
|
1775
|
+
<td> <code class="code">vpi_iterate</code> </td>
|
|
1776
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1777
|
+
</table></div>
|
|
1778
|
+
</div>
|
|
1779
|
+
<div class="table">
|
|
1780
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="ex:properties" href="#a-606867538">Table 2</a>. Examples of accessing a handle’s properties</p>
|
|
1781
|
+
<div class="content"><table border="1">
|
|
1782
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1783
|
+
<th rowspan="2">Ruby expression </th>
|
|
1784
|
+
<th colspan="6">Method naming format </th>
|
|
1785
|
+
<th rowspan="2">Description </th>
|
|
1786
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1787
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1788
|
+
<th>Operation </th>
|
|
1789
|
+
<th>_ </th>
|
|
1790
|
+
<th>Property </th>
|
|
1791
|
+
<th>_ </th>
|
|
1792
|
+
<th>Accessor </th>
|
|
1793
|
+
<th>Addendum </th>
|
|
1794
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1795
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1796
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiIntVal</code> </td>
|
|
1797
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1798
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1799
|
+
<td> vpiIntVal </td>
|
|
1800
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1801
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1802
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1803
|
+
<td rowspan="4">Obtain the <em>logic value</em> of the handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiIntVal</span></code> property. </td>
|
|
1804
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1805
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1806
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiIntVal_l</code> </td>
|
|
1807
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1808
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1809
|
+
<td> vpiIntVal </td>
|
|
1810
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1811
|
+
<td> l </td>
|
|
1812
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1813
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1814
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1815
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.intVal</code> </td>
|
|
1816
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1817
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1818
|
+
<td> intVal </td>
|
|
1819
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1820
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1821
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1822
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1823
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1824
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.intVal_l</code> </td>
|
|
1825
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1826
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1827
|
+
<td> intVal </td>
|
|
1828
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1829
|
+
<td> l </td>
|
|
1830
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1831
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1832
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1833
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiIntVal = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">15</span></code> </td>
|
|
1834
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1835
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1836
|
+
<td> vpiIntVal </td>
|
|
1837
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1838
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1839
|
+
<td> = </td>
|
|
1840
|
+
<td rowspan="4">Assign the integer 15 to the <em>logic value</em> of the handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiIntVal</span></code> property. </td>
|
|
1841
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1842
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1843
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiIntVal_l = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">15</span></code> </td>
|
|
1844
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1845
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1846
|
+
<td> vpiIntVal </td>
|
|
1847
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1848
|
+
<td> l </td>
|
|
1849
|
+
<td> = </td>
|
|
1850
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1851
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1852
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.intVal = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">15</span></code> </td>
|
|
1853
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1854
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1855
|
+
<td> intVal </td>
|
|
1856
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1857
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1858
|
+
<td> = </td>
|
|
1859
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1860
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1861
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.intVal_l = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">15</span></code> </td>
|
|
1862
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1863
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1864
|
+
<td> intVal </td>
|
|
1865
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1866
|
+
<td> l </td>
|
|
1867
|
+
<td> = </td>
|
|
1868
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1869
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1870
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiType</code> </td>
|
|
1871
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1872
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1873
|
+
<td> vpiType </td>
|
|
1874
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1875
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1876
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1877
|
+
<td rowspan="4">Obtain the <em>integer value</em> of the handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiType</span></code> property. </td>
|
|
1878
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1879
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1880
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiType_i</code> </td>
|
|
1881
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1882
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1883
|
+
<td> vpiType </td>
|
|
1884
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1885
|
+
<td> i </td>
|
|
1886
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1887
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1888
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1889
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.type</code> </td>
|
|
1890
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1891
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1892
|
+
<td> type </td>
|
|
1893
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1894
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1895
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1896
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1897
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1898
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.type_i</code> </td>
|
|
1899
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1900
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1901
|
+
<td> type </td>
|
|
1902
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1903
|
+
<td> i </td>
|
|
1904
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1905
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1906
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1907
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiProtected</code> </td>
|
|
1908
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1909
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1910
|
+
<td> vpiProtected </td>
|
|
1911
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1912
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1913
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1914
|
+
<td rowspan="6">Obtain the <em>boolean value</em> of the handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiProtected</span></code> property. </td>
|
|
1915
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1916
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1917
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiProtected_b</code> </td>
|
|
1918
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1919
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1920
|
+
<td> vpiProtected </td>
|
|
1921
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1922
|
+
<td> b </td>
|
|
1923
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1924
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1925
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1926
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiProtected?</code> </td>
|
|
1927
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1928
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1929
|
+
<td> vpiProtected </td>
|
|
1930
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1931
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1932
|
+
<td> ? </td>
|
|
1933
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1934
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1935
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.protected</code> </td>
|
|
1936
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1937
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1938
|
+
<td> protected </td>
|
|
1939
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1940
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1941
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1942
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1943
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1944
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.protected_b</code> </td>
|
|
1945
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1946
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1947
|
+
<td> protected </td>
|
|
1948
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1949
|
+
<td> b </td>
|
|
1950
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1951
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1952
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1953
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.protected?</code> </td>
|
|
1954
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1955
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1956
|
+
<td> protected </td>
|
|
1957
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1958
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1959
|
+
<td> ? </td>
|
|
1960
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1961
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1962
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiFullName</code> </td>
|
|
1963
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1964
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1965
|
+
<td> vpiFullName </td>
|
|
1966
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1967
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1968
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1969
|
+
<td rowspan="4">Obtain the <em>string value</em> of the handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiFullName</span></code> property. </td>
|
|
1970
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1971
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1972
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiFullName_s</code> </td>
|
|
1973
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1974
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1975
|
+
<td> vpiFullName </td>
|
|
1976
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1977
|
+
<td> s </td>
|
|
1978
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1979
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1980
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1981
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.fullName</code> </td>
|
|
1982
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1983
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1984
|
+
<td> fullName </td>
|
|
1985
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1986
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1987
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1988
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1989
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1990
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.fullName_s</code> </td>
|
|
1991
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1992
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1993
|
+
<td> fullName </td>
|
|
1994
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
1995
|
+
<td> s </td>
|
|
1996
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1997
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1998
|
+
<tr>
|
|
1999
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiParent</code> </td>
|
|
2000
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2001
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2002
|
+
<td> vpiParent </td>
|
|
2003
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2004
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2005
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2006
|
+
<td rowspan="4">Obtain the <em>handle value</em> of the handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiParent</span></code> property. </td>
|
|
2007
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2008
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2009
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.vpiParent_h</code> </td>
|
|
2010
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2011
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2012
|
+
<td> vpiParent </td>
|
|
2013
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2014
|
+
<td> h </td>
|
|
2015
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2016
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2017
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2018
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.parent</code> </td>
|
|
2019
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2020
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2021
|
+
<td> parent </td>
|
|
2022
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2023
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2024
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2025
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2026
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2027
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.parent_h</code> </td>
|
|
2028
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2029
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2030
|
+
<td> parent </td>
|
|
2031
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2032
|
+
<td> h </td>
|
|
2033
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2034
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2035
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2036
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.each_vpiNet {|net| puts net.fullName}</code> </td>
|
|
2037
|
+
<td> each </td>
|
|
2038
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2039
|
+
<td> vpiNet </td>
|
|
2040
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2041
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2042
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2043
|
+
<td rowspan="2">Use the <code class="code">each</code> operation to print the full name of each <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiNet</span></code> object associated with the handle. </td>
|
|
2044
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2045
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2046
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.each_net {|net| puts net.fullName}</code> </td>
|
|
2047
|
+
<td> each </td>
|
|
2048
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2049
|
+
<td> net </td>
|
|
2050
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2051
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2052
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2053
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2054
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2055
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.all_vpiReg? {|reg| reg.size == <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span>}</code> </td>
|
|
2056
|
+
<td> all? </td>
|
|
2057
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2058
|
+
<td> vpiReg </td>
|
|
2059
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2060
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2061
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2062
|
+
<td rowspan="2">Use the <code class="code">all?</code> operation to check whether all <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiReg</span></code> objects associated with the handle are capable of storing only one bit of information. </td>
|
|
2063
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2064
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2065
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.all_reg? {|reg| reg.size == <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span>}</code> </td>
|
|
2066
|
+
<td> all? </td>
|
|
2067
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2068
|
+
<td> reg </td>
|
|
2069
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2070
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2071
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2072
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2073
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2074
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.select_vpiNet {|net| net.x?}</code> </td>
|
|
2075
|
+
<td> select </td>
|
|
2076
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2077
|
+
<td> VpiNet </td>
|
|
2078
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2079
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2080
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2081
|
+
<td rowspan="2">Use the <code class="code">select</code> operation to obtain a list of <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiNet</span></code> objects whose <em>logic value</em> is unknown (x).</td>
|
|
2082
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2083
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2084
|
+
<td> <code class="code">handle.select_net {|net| net.x?}</code> </td>
|
|
2085
|
+
<td> select </td>
|
|
2086
|
+
<td> _ </td>
|
|
2087
|
+
<td> net </td>
|
|
2088
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2089
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2090
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2091
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2092
|
+
</table></div>
|
|
2093
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2094
|
+
</div>
|
|
2095
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2096
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2097
|
+
<a class="toc" id="vpi.callbacks" href="#a-606870058">4.3.2</a> Callbacks
|
|
2098
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2099
|
+
<div class="content"><p>A <em>callback</em> is a mechanism that makes the Verilog simuluator execute a block of code (known as a “callback handler”) when some prescribed event occurs in the simulation.</p>
|
|
2100
|
+
|
|
2101
|
+
|
|
2102
|
+
<p>Callbacks are added using the <code class="code">vpi_register_cb</code> function and removed using the <code class="code">vpi_remove_cb</code> function. However, instead of storing the address of a C function in the <code class="code">cb_rtn</code> field of the <code class="code">s_cb_data</code> structure (as you would do in C) you pass a block of code to the <code class="code">vpi_register_cb</code> method in Ruby. This block will be executed whenever the callback occurs.</p>
|
|
2103
|
+
|
|
2104
|
+
|
|
2105
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2106
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="ex:callback" href="#a-606871738">Example 1</a>. Using a callback for value change notification</p>
|
|
2107
|
+
<div class="content"><p>This example shows how to use a callback for notification of changes in a handle’s <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiIntVal</span></code> property. When you no longer need this callback, you can tear it down using <code class="code">vpi_remove_cb</code>.</p>
|
|
2108
|
+
|
|
2109
|
+
|
|
2110
|
+
<p>In this example, the handle being monitored is the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Counter</span>.count</code> signal from <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter.v_decl">Example 5: <em>Declaration of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</em></a>.</p>
|
|
2111
|
+
|
|
2112
|
+
|
|
2113
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
2114
|
+
time = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">S_vpi_time</span>.new
|
|
2115
|
+
time.type = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiSimTime</span>
|
|
2116
|
+
time.low = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>
|
|
2117
|
+
time.high = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>
|
|
2118
|
+
|
|
2119
|
+
value = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">S_vpi_value</span>.new
|
|
2120
|
+
value.format = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">VpiIntVal</span>
|
|
2121
|
+
|
|
2122
|
+
alarm = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">S_cb_data</span>.new
|
|
2123
|
+
alarm.reason = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">CbValueChange</span>
|
|
2124
|
+
alarm.obj = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Counter</span>.count
|
|
2125
|
+
alarm.time = time
|
|
2126
|
+
alarm.value = value
|
|
2127
|
+
alarm.index = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>
|
|
2128
|
+
|
|
2129
|
+
vpi_register_cb( alarm ) <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span> |info|
|
|
2130
|
+
time = info.time.integer
|
|
2131
|
+
count = info.value.value.integer
|
|
2132
|
+
puts <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">hello from callback! time=</span><span style="background: #eee"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">#{</span>time<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20"> count=</span><span style="background: #eee"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">#{</span>count<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">}</span></span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
|
|
2133
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2134
|
+
</pre>
|
|
2135
|
+
|
|
2136
|
+
|
|
2137
|
+
<p>Append this code to the <tt>RSpec/counter_spec.rb</tt> file (provided in <a class="xref" href="#usage.examples">Section 4.9.8: <em>More examples</em></a> and discussed in <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.specification">Section 4.9.3: <em>Specify your expectations</em></a>) and run the <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial">counter_RSpec test</a></p></div>
|
|
2138
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2139
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2140
|
+
</div>
|
|
2141
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2142
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
2143
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.concurrency" href="#a-606880188">4.4</a> Concurrency
|
|
2144
|
+
</h2>
|
|
2145
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Ruby-VPI provides a concurrency model that allows you to run blocks of code in parallel. These blocks of code are known as <em>concurrent processes</em> and they are equivalent to the “initial”, “always” and “forever” blocks in Verilog.</p>
|
|
2146
|
+
|
|
2147
|
+
|
|
2148
|
+
<p>Ruby-VPI’s concurrency model imposes two important constraints, which are inspired by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPGPU">GPGPU and fragment/vertex shader programming</a>, in order to avoid race conditions and to make parallel programming simpler.</p>
|
|
2149
|
+
|
|
2150
|
+
|
|
2151
|
+
<p>First, <strong>all processes execute in the <em>same</em> time step</strong>. That is, we only advance the <em>entire</em> simulation to the next time step when <em>all</em> processes are finished with the current time step. In this manner, we avoid race conditions where a process advances the entire simulation to a future time step but the other processes still think they are executing in the original time step (because they were not notified of the advancement).</p>
|
|
2152
|
+
|
|
2153
|
+
|
|
2154
|
+
<p>Second, <strong>all processes see the <em>same</em> input</strong> (the state of the simulation database at the start of the current time step) while executing in a time step. That is, when a process modifies the simulation database, say, by changing the logic value of a register, the modification only takes effect at the <em>end</em> of the current time step. In this manner, we avoid race conditions where one process modifies the simulation midflight but some/all of other processes are unaware of that modification (because they were not notified of its occurence).</p>
|
|
2155
|
+
|
|
2156
|
+
|
|
2157
|
+
<p>Note that these constraints are automatically enforced “under the hood”, so to speak, by Ruby-VPI. As a user, you need not do anything extra to implement or support these constraints; they are already taken care of.</p>
|
|
2158
|
+
|
|
2159
|
+
|
|
2160
|
+
<p><div class="caution">
|
|
2161
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="Assignments-inside-processes-are-non-blocking" href="#a-606881928">Caution 1</a>. Assignments inside processes are non-blocking</p>
|
|
2162
|
+
|
|
2163
|
+
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
|
|
2164
|
+
fAhkiAAAAAlwSFlzAAAN1wAADdcBQiibeAAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAd3d3
|
|
2165
|
+
Lmlua3NjYXBlLm9yZ5vuPBoAAAiESURBVGiB7ZpdbBzVFcd/Z2Znd2d3vbtm
|
|
2166
|
+
/RWvsbEdfyauSWzq2MZWEFVD5AqBaBpRVyaKoaakEBMEBRRVBaukKiqhQF+i
|
|
2167
|
+
ioRU9MVUah+ChCIeEiXEIcRECShxxJflOqmxk8gmXq/Xu3v7sB84ju049oYU
|
|
2168
|
+
qUe6ujM7d+75/e+ZO/fMzIpSiu+zaTcbYKn2fwE32773Aiw3pFcR2QsvCWxS
|
|
2169
|
+
YAj8yw6/2qBUKNWuboiAv8FffIWFm8qam03Rdb744IOf/+fMmWzgJ6n2lfJL
|
|
2170
|
+
6E2RaqvL9VDVvfeak0ePEnj/fcruvttudbvX7hZZl2p/KRdghddKm5vN4MmT
|
|
2171
|
+
BM+cIdTfT+D4cSoaG50avI6IpNJfSgW8KXKn3eer9RUXy+XDh5O/Bz76CI/f
|
|
2172
|
+
jzszc9lu+FkqfaZUgAFvlDU1OQI9PajQt/NVhcOM9/RQWl/vssDOF0RSNvdS
|
|
2173
|
+
JuAtkRbnsmXLPbm5BHp7AdBXr8ZSXw/AxKef4vR4SPf73bfBI6nymxoBIqLB
|
|
2174
|
+
a+XNzc7Lhw6hIhHQNMwXX8SxYwcYBijF5SNHKK6rcwq8tEvEkQrXKRGwBx5M
|
|
2175
|
+
LyjIdrrdTJw6BYDR0oKlvBwtLw/bgw8CMPnZZ9hEyCwstFnhqVT4XrKAXSKG
|
|
2176
|
+
wCslzc3OywcPglKg65idnQCICPYtWxBHbMAv9/RQVFtraiK/+btI+lL9L1mA
|
|
2177
|
+
BX6ZXVKSZtM0gn19AFg3bEArKEjeMbWMDOwPPQTA1OAg+vg4/pISyxT8dqn+
|
|
2178
|
+
lyRgl4jDItK1vKnJ8c2BAwCIzYb98cevuN2LCPaODsTjAWD8ww/Jr662aZrW
|
|
2179
|
+
sVfEvxSGJQmwwZP+FStMPRAg9NVXAFhbW9FzcpJtklHweDA7OgAIj4yghocp
|
|
2180
|
+
qKiwAH9YCsOiBewR8Wq6/mxhQ4P9m4MHY7BOJ+ZjjyXbJOATtX3TJrTMTAAC
|
|
2181
|
+
vb3kVlYaumE8sFek9DsXoMP2/Ntvt6rhYabOnQPAtnkzkp4+KzyA5nDgeOIJ
|
|
2182
|
+
ACJjY4QHBritosKmwauL5ZDFPBPvEcmxGMbndz78sGO0u5vwyAji9eI5cABx
|
|
2183
|
+
uRAR3nvvPc7FheXm5rJ+/fqYw0iEi2vXEhkYQDNN0tav58N3350IBoPNm5X6
|
|
2184
|
+
6HpZFhUBDV4qqq01wv39hEdGAGKTNA4P0N3dTVdXF11dXbzzzjsxeBGwWHBs
|
|
2185
|
+
2wZAdGKC0OefU1xZabfC64tkuT7bLVKk2+0bc1etMhIJm5aVha2t7YrLJi0t
|
|
2186
|
+
LXmOa5owAPP++7GUlQEQPH0an98vhtNZtVvkRzdcgAX+tHzNGluor4/I6CgA
|
|
2187
|
+
9i1b0EwzCQ/gdDqvEJAwEQFNw/XMMwCoUIjJs2cprqx0WhYRhesSsFfkB4bL
|
|
2188
|
+
9eOcykp9/MiRWAe33oo9nipMH+WZEUgcTxT7unUYq1YBsRTD4/Nher35u0V+
|
|
2189
|
+
esMEaPDnkvp6M3jyJNFAAABz61awWK5auKaPelpaWhJ8ulD3888DoCIRgmfO
|
|
2190
|
+
UFRe7tDh1etJtxcs4C2RRtstt/wwo7hYxo8dA0AvKcF2331XwcOVl830OTC9
|
|
2191
|
+
tjY0YGtqAiDU34/L4cDt86XfBptTLkDgjdL6esfE8eOoyUkAzG3bEF2/Cn62
|
|
2192
|
+
CMw8nqjdzz0Xa6QUwdOnKSwtdQjs6BYxUyZgr8h6Z1ZWiTc3l8DHHwNgqarC
|
|
2193
|
+
ds89SZCZcNPngNPpnBUewLpqFWZLCwBT589jF+GW7GwzCFtTIyDm6fWyxkbn
|
|
2194
|
+
+NGjqHAYAMfTT18BMhNuoREQEdzPPgvxSAb7+sgvLjaVyPY9It4lC9gDG715
|
|
2195
|
+
eTkur5eJTz4BwKirw2hqmhMeoKioiPb2dtrb2yksLJwTHsBaWopzwwYAwhcu
|
|
2196
|
+
YASDZC1bZtFh+7X45k0lXhCxFMLAHRs35kRPnEjm+57ubow77pgTPlEPDAwA
|
|
2197
|
+
UFBQMCd8oo4MDnJ+zRpUKITudmOsXMnxnp6gFo0W/UKp83MxzhuBfHgko7jY
|
|
2198
|
+
bTcMgmfPAmC9664Fwb/88ss0NDTQ2NjIzp0754UXESx5ebja2mJixsaQ0VFy
|
|
2199
|
+
/X49CjvmY5wzAt0iZlBksK61NT10+DCTX34JInj37cNSWTkvvIhQU1PD0NAQ
|
|
2200
|
+
ADk5OfT29s4Jn6gjIyMM1tSgAgE008RaXU3vsWPBUCRS1a7UZ7NxzhmBCXgy
|
|
2201
|
+
p7zctExOxuABW0vLguABamtrk31VV1dfEx7AkpmJ59FHgViip0ZGyPP7DSu8
|
|
2202
|
+
MhfnrBHYJeIxNe3f9W1trsD+/UwNDoKuk75/P3pR0TVBRIQLFy7w9ttvA9Da
|
|
2203
|
+
2kpWVtY1zxERomNjDKxeTfTSJcRqxVZdzYkTJ4KRqamGNqU+nsk6awTssD2v
|
|
2204
|
+
qsqQixdj8ID9gQcWDA+QkZFBZ2cnnZ2dC4YH0D0evFtjS4AKhYgODZHv99u0
|
|
2205
|
+
ORK9qwT8VSRbdP2xgtpa2+V4wiZWK47OzgXBTy8LETpbW29HB3p2NhB7i+FL
|
|
2206
|
+
TxfdZlu9R2TtvAJExKrgd/kVFUZ0aIjw8HBsVMrKkg/q1wOyWKFit2PW1QGx
|
|
2207
|
+
RC88NMStOTmmBn+U6YsP0z5wiIgdcBmwLnvlSmPi0KFko/CpUwwXFc0U/51Z
|
|
2208
|
+
+Ouv8a5Ygervr/aCR0RGVXzyagAiogN2wBGFaGRyEt3nQwzjpkEnTdPQnE7C
|
|
2209
|
+
U1MAwakYZzLRS0RAj29bzsE/+w4f/nVlc7PNV1MDmhZ7WasURKOoaDS5jVKx
|
|
2210
|
+
/dm2E22i0W+3Z2s/89gsfoKTk3zR3z9xEf4xHmNNpsCilEJiDxBuIA1I+z08
|
|
2211
|
+
lQP3aeBFBNHmWbBT/aV/Wn8qvh+F0Uuw73noCsEocEkpFUwKABARJ+CKFwex
|
|
2212
|
+
MFmBqURf37Fpcf9hIAgEgHFgDBhLzIHkJFZKjYuIAiJACJiIH79ZAhKXdSTO
|
|
2213
|
+
ECQGPj690VUrcfw2ZYuXhICbYRZiUUhEYFLNkjYs6s3c/5J97/9q8F/RUcwR
|
|
2214
|
+
4xicOQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==
|
|
2215
|
+
" alt="caution" class="icon"/>
|
|
2216
|
+
|
|
2217
|
+
<div class="content">As a result of the constraints described above, all assignments inside processes are treated like Verilog’s non-blocking assignments. Think about it: blocking assignments allow a process to make changes to simulation values (possibly) before other processes read those values. Since the second constraint makes all processes see the same input while they are executing, it is impossible to support blocking assignments inside processes.</div>
|
|
2218
|
+
</div>
|
|
2219
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2220
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2221
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Creating-a-concurrent-process" href="#a-606883708">4.4.1</a> Creating a concurrent process
|
|
2222
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2223
|
+
<div class="content"><p>You can create a concurrent proceess by passing a block of code to the <code class="code">process</code> method. Once the process finishes executing this block of code, it will disappear automatically. This behavior mimics the “initial” blocks of the Verilog language.</p>
|
|
2224
|
+
|
|
2225
|
+
|
|
2226
|
+
<p>You can create concurrent processes that <em>loop forever</em> by passing a block of code to the <code class="code">always</code> and <code class="code">forever</code> methods, which mimic the “always” and “forever” blocks, respectively, of the Verilog language.</p>
|
|
2227
|
+
|
|
2228
|
+
|
|
2229
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2230
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="An-edge-triggered-always-block" href="#a-606885348">Example 2</a>. An edge-triggered “always” block</p>
|
|
2231
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Suppose you have the following Verilog code:</p>
|
|
2232
|
+
|
|
2233
|
+
|
|
2234
|
+
<pre class="code" lang="verilog">
|
|
2235
|
+
always @(posedge clock1 and negedge clock2) begin
|
|
2236
|
+
foo <= foo + 1;
|
|
2237
|
+
bar = bar + 5;
|
|
2238
|
+
end
|
|
2239
|
+
</pre>
|
|
2240
|
+
|
|
2241
|
+
|
|
2242
|
+
<p>In Ruby-VPI, this code would be written as:</p>
|
|
2243
|
+
|
|
2244
|
+
|
|
2245
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
2246
|
+
always <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2247
|
+
wait <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">until</span> clock.posedge? <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">and</span> clock2.negedge?
|
|
2248
|
+
|
|
2249
|
+
foo.intVal += <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span>
|
|
2250
|
+
bar.intVal += <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">5</span> <span style="color:#888"># this is a NON-blocking assignment!</span>
|
|
2251
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2252
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2253
|
+
</div>
|
|
2254
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
2255
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="A-change-triggered-combinational-always-block" href="#a-606887298">Example 3</a>. A change-triggered (combinational) “always” block</p>
|
|
2256
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Suppose you have the following Verilog code:</p>
|
|
2257
|
+
|
|
2258
|
+
|
|
2259
|
+
<pre class="code" lang="verilog">
|
|
2260
|
+
always @(apple, banana, cherry, date) begin
|
|
2261
|
+
$display("Yum! Fruits are good for health!");
|
|
2262
|
+
end
|
|
2263
|
+
</pre>
|
|
2264
|
+
|
|
2265
|
+
|
|
2266
|
+
<p>In Ruby-VPI, this code would be written as:</p>
|
|
2267
|
+
|
|
2268
|
+
|
|
2269
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
2270
|
+
always <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2271
|
+
wait <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">until</span> apple.change? <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">or</span> banana.change? <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">or</span> cherry.change? <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">or</span> date.change?
|
|
2272
|
+
puts <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Yum! Fruits are good for health!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
|
|
2273
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2274
|
+
</pre>
|
|
2275
|
+
|
|
2276
|
+
|
|
2277
|
+
<p>Or, if you are lazy like I am, you can express the sensitivity list programatically:</p>
|
|
2278
|
+
|
|
2279
|
+
|
|
2280
|
+
<pre class="code">
|
|
2281
|
+
always <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2282
|
+
wait <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">until</span> [apple, banana, cherry, date].any? {|x| x.change?}
|
|
2283
|
+
puts <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Yum! Fruits are good for health!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
|
|
2284
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2285
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2286
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2287
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2288
|
+
</div>
|
|
2289
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2290
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
2291
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.prototyping" href="#a-606890138">4.5</a> Prototyping
|
|
2292
|
+
</h2>
|
|
2293
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Ruby-VPI enables you to rapidly prototype your designs in Ruby without having to do full-scale implementations in Verilog. This lets you explore and evaluate different design choices quickly.</p>
|
|
2294
|
+
|
|
2295
|
+
|
|
2296
|
+
<p>The prototyping process is completely transparent: there is absolutely no difference, in the eyes of your executable specification, between a real Verilog design or its Ruby prototype. In addition, the prototyping process is completely standard-based: Ruby prototypes emulate the behavior of real Verilog designs using <em>nothing more</em> than the VPI itself.</p>
|
|
2297
|
+
|
|
2298
|
+
|
|
2299
|
+
<p>For example, compare the Verilog design shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter.v_impl">Example 13: <em>Implementation of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</em></a> with its Ruby prototype shown in figure <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter_proto.rb">Example 10: <em>Ruby prototype of our Verilog design</em></a>. The prototype uses only VPI to (1) detect changes in its inputs and (2) manipulate its outputs accordingly. In addition, notice how well the prototype’s syntax reflects the intended behavior of the Verilog design. This similarity facilitates rapid translation of a prototype from Ruby into Verilog later in the design process.</p>
|
|
2300
|
+
|
|
2301
|
+
|
|
2302
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
2303
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2304
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Creating-a-prototype" href="#a-606894508">4.5.1</a> Creating a prototype
|
|
2305
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2306
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
2307
|
+
<li>Start with a <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.declare-design">Verilog module declaration</a> for your design.</li>
|
|
2308
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.generate-test">Generate a test</a> using that module declaration.</li>
|
|
2309
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-proto">Implement the prototype</a> in the generated <tt>proto.rb</tt> file.</li>
|
|
2310
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.test-proto">Verify the prototype</a> against its specification.</li>
|
|
2311
|
+
</ol>
|
|
2312
|
+
|
|
2313
|
+
|
|
2314
|
+
<p>Once you are satisfied with your prototype, you can proceed to <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-design">implement your design in Verilog</a>. This process is often a simple translation your Ruby prototype into your Verilog. At the very least, your prototype serves as a reference while you are implementing your Verilog design.</p>
|
|
2315
|
+
|
|
2316
|
+
|
|
2317
|
+
<p>Once your design has been implemented in Verilog, you can use the <em>same</em> specification, which was originally used to verify your prototype, to verify your Verilog design (see <a class="xref" href="#usage.runner">Section 4.7: <em>Test runner</em></a> for details).</p></div>
|
|
2318
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2319
|
+
</div>
|
|
2320
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2321
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
2322
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.debugger" href="#a-606905198">4.6</a> Interactive debugging
|
|
2323
|
+
</h2>
|
|
2324
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The <a href="http://www.datanoise.com/articles/category/ruby-debug">ruby-debug project</a> serves as the interactive debugger for Ruby-VPI.</p>
|
|
2325
|
+
|
|
2326
|
+
|
|
2327
|
+
<ol>
|
|
2328
|
+
<li>Enable the debugger by activating the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span></code> environment variable (see <a class="xref" href="#usage.runner">Section 4.7: <em>Test runner</em></a> for details).</li>
|
|
2329
|
+
<li>Put the <code class="code">debugger</code> command in your code—anywhere you wish to activate an interactive debugging session. These commands are automatically ignored when the debugger is disabled; so you can safely leave them in your code, if you wish.</li>
|
|
2330
|
+
</ol>
|
|
2331
|
+
|
|
2332
|
+
|
|
2333
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
2334
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2335
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.debugger.init" href="#a-606908278">4.6.1</a> Advanced initialization
|
|
2336
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2337
|
+
<div class="content">By default, Ruby-VPI enables the debugger by invoking the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Debugger</span>.start</code> method. If you wish to perform more advanced initialization, such as having the debugger accept remote network connections for interfacing with a remote debugging session or perhaps with an IDE (see <a href="http://www.datanoise.com/articles/category/ruby-debug">the ruby-debug documentation</a> for details), then:
|
|
2338
|
+
|
|
2339
|
+
|
|
2340
|
+
<ol>
|
|
2341
|
+
<li>Deactivate the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUG</span></code> environment variable.</li>
|
|
2342
|
+
<li>Put your own code, which initializes the debugger, at the top of your test’s <tt>spec.rb</tt> file.</li>
|
|
2343
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
2344
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2345
|
+
</div>
|
|
2346
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2347
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
2348
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.runner" href="#a-606910748">4.7</a> Test runner
|
|
2349
|
+
</h2>
|
|
2350
|
+
<div class="content"><p>A test runner is a file, generated by the <a class="xref" href="#usage.tools.generate">automated test generator</a> whose name ends with <tt>.rake</tt>. It helps you run generated tests—you can think of it as a <em>makefile</em> if you are familiar with C programming in a UNIX environment.</p>
|
|
2351
|
+
|
|
2352
|
+
|
|
2353
|
+
<p>When you invoke a test runner without any arguments, it will show you a list of available tasks:
|
|
2354
|
+
<pre>% rake -f your_test_runner.rake
|
|
2355
|
+
|
|
2356
|
+
(in /home/sun/src/ruby-vpi)
|
|
2357
|
+
rake clean # Remove any temporary products.
|
|
2358
|
+
rake clobber # Remove any generated file.
|
|
2359
|
+
rake cver # Simulate with GPL Cver.
|
|
2360
|
+
rake default # Show a list of available tasks.
|
|
2361
|
+
rake ivl # Simulate with Icarus Verilog.
|
|
2362
|
+
rake ncsim # Simulate with Cadence NC-Sim.
|
|
2363
|
+
rake setup # User-defined task that is invoked before the simulator runs.
|
|
2364
|
+
rake vcs # Simulate with Synopsys VCS.
|
|
2365
|
+
rake vsim # Simulate with Mentor Modelsim.
|
|
2366
|
+
</pre></p>
|
|
2367
|
+
|
|
2368
|
+
|
|
2369
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
2370
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2371
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.runner.env-vars" href="#a-606913938">4.7.1</a> Environment variables
|
|
2372
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2373
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Test runners support the following <em>environment</em> variables, which allow you to easily change the behavior of the test runner.</p>
|
|
2374
|
+
|
|
2375
|
+
|
|
2376
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2377
|
+
<li><code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PROTOTYPE</span></code> enables the Ruby prototype for the design under test so that the prototype, rather than the real Verilog design, is verified by the specification.</li>
|
|
2378
|
+
<li><code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">COVERAGE</span></code> enables code coverage analysis and generation of code coverage reports.</li>
|
|
2379
|
+
<li><code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PROFILER</span></code> enables the <a href="http://ruby-prof.rubyforge.org">ruby-prof</a> Ruby code profiler, which collects statistics on the runtime usage of the source code. This data allows you to identify performance bottlenecks.</li>
|
|
2380
|
+
<li><code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span></code> enables the <a class="xref" href="#usage.debugger">interactive debugger</a> in its <a href="http://www.datanoise.com/articles/2006/12/20/post-mortem-debugging">post-mortem debugging mode</a>.</li>
|
|
2381
|
+
</ul>
|
|
2382
|
+
|
|
2383
|
+
|
|
2384
|
+
<p>To activate these variables, simply assign the number 1 to them. For example, <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span>=<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span></code> activates the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span></code> variable.</p>
|
|
2385
|
+
|
|
2386
|
+
|
|
2387
|
+
<p>To deactivate these variables, simply assign a different value to them or <strong>unset</strong> them in your shell. For example, both <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span>=<span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span></code> and <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span>=</code> dectivate the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DEBUGGER</span></code> variable.</p>
|
|
2388
|
+
|
|
2389
|
+
|
|
2390
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
2391
|
+
<h4 class="title">
|
|
2392
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Variables-as-command-line-arguments" href="#a-606917008">4.7.1.1</a> Variables as command-line arguments
|
|
2393
|
+
</h4>
|
|
2394
|
+
<div class="content">You can specify variable assignments as arguments to the <strong>rake</strong> command. For example, <pre>rake DEBUGGER=1</pre> is equivalent to
|
|
2395
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2396
|
+
DEBUGGER=1
|
|
2397
|
+
export DEBUGGER
|
|
2398
|
+
rake
|
|
2399
|
+
</pre> in Bourne shell or
|
|
2400
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2401
|
+
setenv DEBUGGER 1
|
|
2402
|
+
rake
|
|
2403
|
+
</pre> in C shell.</div>
|
|
2404
|
+
</div></p>
|
|
2405
|
+
|
|
2406
|
+
|
|
2407
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2408
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="Running-a-test-with-environment-variables" href="#a-606919158">Example 4</a>. Running a test with environment variables</p>
|
|
2409
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Below, we enable the prototype and code coverage analysis:
|
|
2410
|
+
<pre>rake -f your_test_runner.rake PROTOTYPE=1 COVERAGE=1</pre></p>
|
|
2411
|
+
|
|
2412
|
+
|
|
2413
|
+
<p>Below, we <em>disable</em> the prototype and enable the code coverage analysis. These invocations are equivalent if the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PROTOTYPE</span></code> environment variable is unset.
|
|
2414
|
+
<pre>rake -f your_test_runner.rake PROTOTYPE=0 COVERAGE=1</pre>
|
|
2415
|
+
<pre>rake -f your_test_runner.rake PROTOTYPE= COVERAGE=1</pre>
|
|
2416
|
+
<pre>rake -f your_test_runner.rake COVERAGE=1</pre></p></div>
|
|
2417
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2418
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2419
|
+
</div>
|
|
2420
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2421
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
2422
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tools" href="#a-606921818">4.8</a> Tools
|
|
2423
|
+
</h2>
|
|
2424
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The <strong>ruby-vpi</strong> command serves as a front-end to the tools provided by Ruby-VPI. You can see its help information (reproduced below) by simply running the command without any arguments.</p>
|
|
2425
|
+
|
|
2426
|
+
|
|
2427
|
+
<pre>This is a front-end for tools provided by Ruby-VPI.
|
|
2428
|
+
|
|
2429
|
+
Usage:
|
|
2430
|
+
ruby-vpi Show this help message
|
|
2431
|
+
ruby-vpi -v Show version information
|
|
2432
|
+
ruby-vpi TOOL --help Show help message for TOOL
|
|
2433
|
+
ruby-vpi TOOL arguments... Run TOOL with some arguments
|
|
2434
|
+
|
|
2435
|
+
Tools:
|
|
2436
|
+
convert Converts Verilog `defines, constants, ranges, etc. into Ruby syntax.
|
|
2437
|
+
generate Generates test skeletons from Verilog 2001/1995 module declarations.
|
|
2438
|
+
|
|
2439
|
+
Simulators:
|
|
2440
|
+
cver GPL Cver
|
|
2441
|
+
ivl Icarus Verilog
|
|
2442
|
+
ncsim Cadence NC-Sim
|
|
2443
|
+
vcs Synopsys VCS
|
|
2444
|
+
vsim Mentor Modelsim
|
|
2445
|
+
</pre>
|
|
2446
|
+
|
|
2447
|
+
|
|
2448
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
2449
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2450
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tools.generate" href="#a-606923678">4.8.1</a> Automated test generation
|
|
2451
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2452
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The <strong>generate</strong> tool generates scaffolding for Ruby-VPI tests from Verilog module declarations (written in either Verilog 2001 or Verilog 95 style).</p>
|
|
2453
|
+
|
|
2454
|
+
|
|
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|
+
A Ruby-VPI test is composed of the following files:
|
|
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|
+
<ul>
|
|
2457
|
+
<li><tt>runner.rake</tt> runs the test by starting a Verilog simulator and loading Ruby-VPI into it.</li>
|
|
2458
|
+
<li><tt>spec.rb</tt> is the executable specification for the design under test.</li>
|
|
2459
|
+
<li><tt>design.rb</tt> is an optional file that provides convenience methods for controlling the design under test.</li>
|
|
2460
|
+
<li><tt>proto.rb</tt> is an optional file that defines a Ruby prototype of the design under test.</li>
|
|
2461
|
+
<li><tt>loader.rb</tt> is a user-defined Ruby script which loads the test (see <a class="xref" href="#usage.theory">Section 4.1: <em>Theory of operation</em></a>).</li>
|
|
2462
|
+
<li><tt>Rakefile</tt> is an optional file that recursively executes all <tt>runner.rake</tt> files found immediately within or beneath the current directory. It lets you simply run <pre>rake ...</pre> instead of having to write <pre>rake -f runner.rake ...</pre> every time.</li>
|
|
2463
|
+
</ul>
|
|
2464
|
+
|
|
2465
|
+
|
|
2466
|
+
<p>As <a class="xref" href="#fig:generate-test.RSpec">Example 6: <em>Generating a test with specification in RSpec format</em></a> shows, the name of each generated file is prefixed with the name of the Verilog module for which the test was generated. This convention helps organize tests within the file system, so that they are readily distinguishable from one another.</p>
|
|
2467
|
+
|
|
2468
|
+
|
|
2469
|
+
<p><div class="caution">
|
|
2470
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="Do-not-rename-generated-files" href="#a-606928078">Caution 2</a>. Do not rename generated files</p>
|
|
2471
|
+
|
|
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|
+
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
2519
|
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2520
|
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2521
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|
|
2522
|
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|
|
2523
|
+
4xicOQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==
|
|
2524
|
+
" alt="caution" class="icon"/>
|
|
2525
|
+
|
|
2526
|
+
<div class="content">Ruby-VPI uses the convention described above to dynamically create a direct Ruby interface to the design under test, so <em>do not</em> rename the generated files arbitrarily.</div>
|
|
2527
|
+
</div>
|
|
2528
|
+
By producing multiple files, the automated test generator physically decouples the various parts of a test. As a result, when the interface of a Verilog module changes, you can simply regenerate the test to incorporate those changes without diverting your focus from the task at hand. Furthermore, the incorporation of changes can be catalyzed by interactive text merging tools, which allow you to selectively accept or reject the merging of changes into your source code. Fully automated text merging tools may also be used for this purpose.</p>
|
|
2529
|
+
|
|
2530
|
+
|
|
2531
|
+
<p>You can try this tool by running the <pre>ruby-vpi generate --help</pre> command.</p>
|
|
2532
|
+
|
|
2533
|
+
|
|
2534
|
+
<p><div class="tip">
|
|
2535
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="Using-kdiff3-with-the-automated-test-generator." href="#a-606929888">Tip 2</a>. Using <strong>kdiff3</strong> with the automated test generator.</p>
|
|
2536
|
+
|
|
2537
|
+
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
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|
2538
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|
+
uDN/ODY2PjYydun0H+z51Ieeff5IYCJ97H0DAIBYqo9/5/nnzv753ofaUj3b
|
|
2590
|
+
rOn8KLq6Q0xOXIFtJ2FbgON42LxlM7q62oUxTm8qtaX3/PkzpXPnz506dOjx
|
|
2591
|
+
f13J+KtSG+3/k4/8sr1j1/aPfuyjuOH6LSiWp6CjKrSuQVCIVDKNZKoJqWQW
|
|
2592
|
+
rtuC4y8dMz/84alAgK47ePCJyfcVYM+ezRu71mYH7rijD2fPr4FlZ7F79060
|
|
2593
|
+
tWXR3NwML+XB9yuYmysgN5HDf5z4GfzaKMZHX/u3F1/85d0rGhyrEEKJhDVX
|
|
2594
|
+
LgVBpILEA/e3Y67YjMGhi3j9F3PIz1RQrkg0NrpoyDCaGgxu2FxDaU5hfFQt
|
|
2595
|
+
ufLwngIcPXohf889N/x4eKR6x+7fymL7tl246aYCAIMwlNCRRLVaRbEwi8Js
|
|
2596
|
+
HoMDs3hrOAdj8PIq6F/5H5q77urrbG3N3L5jexatLduRSd8I11kDISy4jg1m
|
|
2597
|
+
BhFBKo3Lw9MoVwKEUgIws6ugf+UeSKWMDEMZVavSzs++DsdNAjQHIgOpIszM
|
|
2598
|
+
zCGfz6NcKqOnO4tUAjBxLyYnZ/54NQBW7IGjRy/kS6XwRxcvFmFiAZgYWkfQ
|
|
2599
|
+
WsMYg+bmDLq62rGmoxlCCFRrIaam52AMzv+fAPjEJza1Z1vSt+3c2Y7W1puQ
|
|
2600
|
+
9vqQcP87hIQQICJEWmN8fBbGMNZ1t8N27Fv27NncvdLxVxxCUiY41pqCQOLq
|
|
2601
|
+
ENKxwVyhjOnpPCqVKnrWtSE/ncfgTB5kjC4WQ0NENuq1VXMtP/6uCYCIeP5e
|
|
2602
|
+
BlC+664tf3/06MXPT+Rsa+PGMazp7EIy5aFSriKfL2Bqchpzc3OolMoYHcvh
|
|
2603
|
+
ypWcqtXk53/601EfgId65U4TkZ7vR8aYeElalgNNRGJe+OKjACB27Oja1Nqa
|
|
2604
|
+
ujuZbLjb89Lbk0kL5fIc4ljDcTyEYQSl1PlKpfDi5cul7w8Pz+YAKMxXtq+y
|
|
2605
|
+
aOFo6n9OVg5ARNa86MUAC30HgAsgsWvXrt/cunXrEw899FDSdV0UCgUMDQ3h
|
|
2606
|
+
lVdeCS5evPh3Z86ceW1eeDhvwfxRLhIfLe4bY6J30rWkJJ4PmXcyaxGAe/r0
|
|
2607
|
+
6Yu+74+dOHFCTU5OIp/P480334zCMMydOXNmDEAGQApAYuGe+futdxqDiOgd
|
|
2608
|
+
ta22BwC4nZ2dXdu2bfujlpaWe4wxNDMz84OzZ88em5qamkZ9ppfjAflu+bDc
|
|
2609
|
+
HGAANv6XHFhk9iI4CwDNm5m3aJG9Ww4o1MPnXQVe09fovEsXBC+AXO16LBK/
|
|
2610
|
+
0BYggPpqs9jeBlvqCnTNAP/jIXWgBeNF/YXzBfHxIoC3z5cj+Or2X3r9Ye2F
|
|
2611
|
+
1izgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC
|
|
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|
+
" alt="tip" class="icon"/>
|
|
2613
|
+
|
|
2614
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
2615
|
+
<li>Create a file named <tt>merge2</tt> with the following content: <pre class="code">
|
|
2616
|
+
<span style="color:#888">#!/bin/sh</span>
|
|
2617
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># args: old file, new file</span>
|
|
2618
|
+
kdiff3 --auto --output <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">$2</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">$@</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
|
|
2619
|
+
</pre></li>
|
|
2620
|
+
<li>Make the file executable by running the <pre>chmod +x merge2</pre> command.</li>
|
|
2621
|
+
<li>Place the file somewhere accessible by your <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PATH</span></code> environment variable.</li>
|
|
2622
|
+
<li>Assign the value “merge2” to the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MERGER</span></code> environment variable using your shell’s <strong>export</strong> or <strong>setenv</strong> command.</li>
|
|
2623
|
+
</ol>
|
|
2624
|
+
|
|
2625
|
+
|
|
2626
|
+
<p>From now on, <strong>kdiff3</strong> will be invoked to help you transfer your changes between generated files. When you are finished transferring changes, simply issue the “save the file” command and quit <strong>kdiff3</strong>. Or, if you do not want to transfer any changes, simply quit <strong>kdiff3</strong> <em>without</em> saving the file.</p></div>
|
|
2627
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2628
|
+
</div>
|
|
2629
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2630
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2631
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tools.convert" href="#a-606932168">4.8.2</a> Verilog to Ruby conversion
|
|
2632
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2633
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The <strong>convert</strong> tool can be used to convert Verilog header files into Ruby. You can try it by running the <pre>ruby-vpi convert --help</pre> command.</p>
|
|
2634
|
+
|
|
2635
|
+
|
|
2636
|
+
<p>By converting Verilog header files into Ruby, your test can utilize the same <code class="code"><span style="background-color:#f0fff0"><span style="color:#161">`</span><span style="color:#2B2">define</span></span></code> constants that are used in the Verilog design.</p></div>
|
|
2637
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2638
|
+
</div>
|
|
2639
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2640
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
2641
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial" href="#a-606934638">4.9</a> Tutorial
|
|
2642
|
+
</h2>
|
|
2643
|
+
<div class="content"><ol>
|
|
2644
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.declare-design">Declare a design</a> using Verilog 2001 syntax.</li>
|
|
2645
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.generate-test">Generate a test</a> for the design using the <a class="xref" href="#usage.tools.generate">automated test generator</a> tool.</li>
|
|
2646
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.specification">Identify your expectations</a> for the design and implement them in the specification.</li>
|
|
2647
|
+
<li>(Optional) <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-proto">Implement the prototype</a> of the design in Ruby.</li>
|
|
2648
|
+
<li>(Optional) <a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.test-proto">Verify the prototype</a> against the specification.</li>
|
|
2649
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.implement-design">Implement the design</a> in Verilog once the prototype has been verified.</li>
|
|
2650
|
+
<li><a class="xref" href="#usage.tutorial.test-design">Verify the design</a> against the specification.</li>
|
|
2651
|
+
</ol>
|
|
2652
|
+
|
|
2653
|
+
|
|
2654
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
2655
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2656
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.declare-design" href="#a-606947158">4.9.1</a> Start with a Verilog design
|
|
2657
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2658
|
+
<div class="content"><p>First, we need a Verilog design to test. In this tutorial, <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter.v_decl">Example 5: <em>Declaration of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</em></a> will serve as our design under test. Its interface is composed of the following parts:</p>
|
|
2659
|
+
|
|
2660
|
+
|
|
2661
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2662
|
+
<li><code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Size</span></code> defines the number of bits used to represent the counter’s value.</li>
|
|
2663
|
+
<li><code class="code">clock</code> causes the <code class="code">count</code> register to increment whenever it reaches a positive edge.</li>
|
|
2664
|
+
<li><code class="code">reset</code> causes the <code class="code">count</code> register to become zero when asserted.</li>
|
|
2665
|
+
<li><code class="code">count</code> is a register that contains the counter’s value.</li>
|
|
2666
|
+
</ul>
|
|
2667
|
+
|
|
2668
|
+
|
|
2669
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2670
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:counter.v_decl" href="#a-606950328">Example 5</a>. Declaration of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</p>
|
|
2671
|
+
<div class="content"><pre class="code" lang="verilog">
|
|
2672
|
+
module counter #(parameter Size = 5) (
|
|
2673
|
+
input clock,
|
|
2674
|
+
input reset,
|
|
2675
|
+
output reg [Size-1 : 0] count
|
|
2676
|
+
);
|
|
2677
|
+
endmodule
|
|
2678
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2679
|
+
</div>
|
|
2680
|
+
Before we continue, save the source code shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter.v_decl">Example 5: <em>Declaration of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</em></a> into a file named <tt>counter.v</tt>.</p></div>
|
|
2681
|
+
</div>
|
|
2682
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2683
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2684
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.generate-test" href="#a-606953958">4.9.2</a> Generate a test
|
|
2685
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2686
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Now that we have a Verilog design to test, we shall use the <a class="xref" href="#usage.tools.generate">generate</a> tool to generate some scaffolding for our test. This tool allows us to implement our specification using RSpec, xUnit, or any other format.</p>
|
|
2687
|
+
|
|
2688
|
+
|
|
2689
|
+
Each format represents a different software development methodology:
|
|
2690
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2691
|
+
<li>RSpec represents <a class="xref" href="#glossary.BDD">BDD</a></li>
|
|
2692
|
+
<li>xUnit represents <a class="xref" href="#glossary.TDD">TDD</a></li>
|
|
2693
|
+
<li>our own format can represent another methodology</li>
|
|
2694
|
+
</ul>
|
|
2695
|
+
|
|
2696
|
+
|
|
2697
|
+
<p>In this tutorial, you will see how both RSpec and xUnit formats are used. So let us make separate directories for both formats to avoid generated tests from overwriting each other:
|
|
2698
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2699
|
+
mkdir RSpec xUnit
|
|
2700
|
+
cp counter.v RSpec
|
|
2701
|
+
cp counter.v xUnit
|
|
2702
|
+
</pre></p>
|
|
2703
|
+
|
|
2704
|
+
|
|
2705
|
+
<p>Once we have decided how we want to implement our specification, we can proceed to generate a test for our design. This process is illustrated by <a class="xref" href="#fig:generate-test.RSpec">Example 6: <em>Generating a test with specification in RSpec format</em></a> and <a class="xref" href="#fig:generate-test.xUnit">Example 7: <em>Generating a test with specification in xUnit format</em></a>.</p>
|
|
2706
|
+
|
|
2707
|
+
|
|
2708
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2709
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:generate-test.RSpec" href="#a-606962678">Example 6</a>. Generating a test with specification in RSpec format</p>
|
|
2710
|
+
<div class="content"><pre>
|
|
2711
|
+
$ ruby-vpi generate counter.v --RSpec
|
|
2712
|
+
|
|
2713
|
+
module counter
|
|
2714
|
+
create counter_runner.rake
|
|
2715
|
+
create counter_design.rb
|
|
2716
|
+
create counter_proto.rb
|
|
2717
|
+
create counter_spec.rb
|
|
2718
|
+
create Rakefile
|
|
2719
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2720
|
+
</div>
|
|
2721
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
2722
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:generate-test.xUnit" href="#a-606964548">Example 7</a>. Generating a test with specification in xUnit format</p>
|
|
2723
|
+
<div class="content"><pre>
|
|
2724
|
+
$ ruby-vpi generate counter.v --xUnit
|
|
2725
|
+
|
|
2726
|
+
module counter
|
|
2727
|
+
create counter_runner.rake
|
|
2728
|
+
create counter_design.rb
|
|
2729
|
+
create counter_proto.rb
|
|
2730
|
+
create counter_spec.rb
|
|
2731
|
+
create Rakefile
|
|
2732
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2733
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2734
|
+
</div>
|
|
2735
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2736
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2737
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.specification" href="#a-606966828">4.9.3</a> Specify your expectations
|
|
2738
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2739
|
+
<div class="content"><p>So far, the test generation tool has created a basic foundation for our test Now we must build upon this foundation by identifying our <a class="xref" href="#glossary.expectation">expectation</a> of the design under test. That is, how do we expect the design to <em>behave</em> under certain conditions?</p>
|
|
2740
|
+
|
|
2741
|
+
|
|
2742
|
+
Here are some reasonable expectations for our simple counter:
|
|
2743
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2744
|
+
<li>A resetted counter’s value should be zero.</li>
|
|
2745
|
+
<li>A resetted counter’s value should increment by one count upon each rising clock edge.</li>
|
|
2746
|
+
<li>A counter with the maximum value should overflow upon increment.</li>
|
|
2747
|
+
</ul>
|
|
2748
|
+
|
|
2749
|
+
|
|
2750
|
+
<p>Now that we have identified a set of expectations for our design, we are ready to implement them in our specification. This process is illustrated by <a class="xref" href="#fig:RSpec-counter_spec.rb">Example 8: <em>Specification implemented in RSpec format</em></a> and <a class="xref" href="#fig:xUnit-counter_spec.rb">Example 9: <em>Specification implemented in xUnit format</em></a>.</p>
|
|
2751
|
+
|
|
2752
|
+
|
|
2753
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
2754
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:RSpec-counter_spec.rb" href="#a-606972788">Example 8</a>. Specification implemented in RSpec format</p>
|
|
2755
|
+
<div class="content"><pre class="code">require <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">spec</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>
|
|
2756
|
+
|
|
2757
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># lowest upper bound of counter's value</span>
|
|
2758
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LIMIT</span> = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">2</span> ** <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Size</span>.intVal
|
|
2759
|
+
|
|
2760
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># maximum allowed value for a counter</span>
|
|
2761
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MAX</span> = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LIMIT</span> - <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span>
|
|
2762
|
+
|
|
2763
|
+
describe <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">A </span><span style="background: #eee"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">#{</span><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.name<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20"> after being reset</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2764
|
+
setup <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2765
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.reset! <span style="color:#888"># reset the counter</span>
|
|
2766
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2767
|
+
|
|
2768
|
+
it <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">should be zero</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2769
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal.should == <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>
|
|
2770
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2771
|
+
|
|
2772
|
+
it <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">should increment upon each subsequent posedge</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2773
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LIMIT</span>.times <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span> |i|
|
|
2774
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal.should == i
|
|
2775
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.cycle! <span style="color:#888"># increment the counter</span>
|
|
2776
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2777
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2778
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2779
|
+
|
|
2780
|
+
describe <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">A </span><span style="background: #eee"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">#{</span><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.name<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #888">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20"> with the maximum value</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2781
|
+
setup <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2782
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.reset! <span style="color:#888"># reset the counter</span>
|
|
2783
|
+
|
|
2784
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># increment the counter to maximum value</span>
|
|
2785
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MAX</span>.times { <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.cycle! }
|
|
2786
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal.should == <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MAX</span>
|
|
2787
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2788
|
+
|
|
2789
|
+
it <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">should overflow upon increment</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2790
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.cycle! <span style="color:#888"># increment the counter</span>
|
|
2791
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal.should == <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>
|
|
2792
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2793
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span></pre></div>
|
|
2794
|
+
</div>
|
|
2795
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
2796
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:xUnit-counter_spec.rb" href="#a-606975088">Example 9</a>. Specification implemented in xUnit format</p>
|
|
2797
|
+
<div class="content"><pre class="code">require <span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">test/unit</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>
|
|
2798
|
+
|
|
2799
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># lowest upper bound of counter's value</span>
|
|
2800
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LIMIT</span> = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">2</span> ** <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Size</span>.intVal
|
|
2801
|
+
|
|
2802
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># maximum allowed value for a counter</span>
|
|
2803
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MAX</span> = <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LIMIT</span> - <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span>
|
|
2804
|
+
|
|
2805
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">class</span> <span style="color:#B06; font-weight:bold">A_counter_after_being_reset</span> < <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Test</span>::<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Unit</span>::<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">TestCase</span>
|
|
2806
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B; font-weight:bold">setup</span>
|
|
2807
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.reset! <span style="color:#888"># reset the counter</span>
|
|
2808
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2809
|
+
|
|
2810
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B; font-weight:bold">test_should_be_zero</span>
|
|
2811
|
+
assert_equal( <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>, <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal )
|
|
2812
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2813
|
+
|
|
2814
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B; font-weight:bold">test_should_increment_upon_each_subsequent_posedge</span>
|
|
2815
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">LIMIT</span>.times <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span> |i|
|
|
2816
|
+
assert_equal( i, <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal )
|
|
2817
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.cycle! <span style="color:#888"># increment the counter</span>
|
|
2818
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2819
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2820
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2821
|
+
|
|
2822
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">class</span> <span style="color:#B06; font-weight:bold">A_counter_with_the_maximum_value</span> < <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Test</span>::<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">Unit</span>::<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">TestCase</span>
|
|
2823
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B; font-weight:bold">setup</span>
|
|
2824
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.reset! <span style="color:#888"># reset the counter</span>
|
|
2825
|
+
|
|
2826
|
+
<span style="color:#888"># increment the counter to maximum value</span>
|
|
2827
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MAX</span>.times { <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.cycle! }
|
|
2828
|
+
assert_equal( <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">MAX</span>, <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal )
|
|
2829
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2830
|
+
|
|
2831
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B; font-weight:bold">test_should_overflow_upon_increment</span>
|
|
2832
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.cycle! <span style="color:#888"># increment the counter</span>
|
|
2833
|
+
assert_equal( <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>, <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal )
|
|
2834
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2835
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span></pre></div>
|
|
2836
|
+
</div>
|
|
2837
|
+
Before we continue,
|
|
2838
|
+
<ol>
|
|
2839
|
+
<li>Replace the contents of the file named <tt>RSpec/counter_spec.rb</tt> with the source code shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:RSpec-counter_spec.rb">Example 8: <em>Specification implemented in RSpec format</em></a>.</li>
|
|
2840
|
+
<li>Replace the contents of the file named <tt>xUnit/counter_spec.rb</tt> with the source code shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:xUnit-counter_spec.rb">Example 9: <em>Specification implemented in xUnit format</em></a>.</li>
|
|
2841
|
+
</ol></div>
|
|
2842
|
+
</div>
|
|
2843
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2844
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2845
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.implement-proto" href="#a-606069158">4.9.4</a> Implement the prototype
|
|
2846
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2847
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Now that we have a specification against which to verify our design let us build a prototype of our design. By doing so, we exercise our specification, experience potential problems that may arise when we later implement our design in Verilog, and gain confidence in our work. The result of this proceess is illustrated by <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter_proto.rb">Example 10: <em>Ruby prototype of our Verilog design</em></a>.</p>
|
|
2848
|
+
|
|
2849
|
+
|
|
2850
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2851
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:counter_proto.rb" href="#a-606100048">Example 10</a>. Ruby prototype of our Verilog design</p>
|
|
2852
|
+
<div class="content"><pre class="code"><span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">if</span> <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">RubyVPI</span>::<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">USE_PROTOTYPE</span>
|
|
2853
|
+
always <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">do</span>
|
|
2854
|
+
wait <span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">until</span> <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.clock.posedge?
|
|
2855
|
+
|
|
2856
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">if</span> <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.reset.t?
|
|
2857
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal = <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">0</span>
|
|
2858
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">else</span>
|
|
2859
|
+
<span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">DUT</span>.count.intVal += <span style="color:#00D; font-weight:bold">1</span>
|
|
2860
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2861
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span>
|
|
2862
|
+
<span style="color:#080; font-weight:bold">end</span></pre></div>
|
|
2863
|
+
</div>
|
|
2864
|
+
Before we continue, replace the contents of the files named <tt>RSpec/counter_proto.rb</tt> and <tt>xUnit/counter_proto.rb</tt> with the source code shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter_proto.rb">Example 10: <em>Ruby prototype of our Verilog design</em></a>.</p></div>
|
|
2865
|
+
</div>
|
|
2866
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2867
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2868
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.test-proto" href="#a-606122988">4.9.5</a> Verify the prototype
|
|
2869
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2870
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Now that we have implemented our prototype, we are ready to verify it against our specification by running the test This process is illustrated by <a class="xref" href="#fig:test-proto.RSpec">Example 11: <em>Running a test with specification in RSpec format</em></a> and <a class="xref" href="#fig:test-proto.unit-test">Example 12: <em>Running a test with specification in xUnit format</em></a>.</p>
|
|
2871
|
+
|
|
2872
|
+
|
|
2873
|
+
<p>In these examples, the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PROTOTYPE</span></code> environment variable is assigned the value 1 while running the test so that, instead of our design, our prototype is verified against our specification (see <a class="xref" href="#usage.runner.env-vars">Section 4.7.1: <em>Environment variables</em></a> for details). Also, the <a class="xref" href="#setup.reqs">GPL Cver simulator</a> denoted by <em>cver</em>, is used to run the simulation.</p>
|
|
2874
|
+
|
|
2875
|
+
|
|
2876
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2877
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:test-proto.RSpec" href="#a-606139338">Example 11</a>. Running a test with specification in RSpec format</p>
|
|
2878
|
+
<div class="content"><pre>
|
|
2879
|
+
$ cd RSpec
|
|
2880
|
+
$ rake cver PROTOTYPE=1
|
|
2881
|
+
|
|
2882
|
+
Ruby-VPI: prototype is enabled
|
|
2883
|
+
...
|
|
2884
|
+
|
|
2885
|
+
Finished in 0.05106 seconds
|
|
2886
|
+
|
|
2887
|
+
3 examples, 0 failures
|
|
2888
|
+
cd -
|
|
2889
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2890
|
+
</div>
|
|
2891
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
2892
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:test-proto.unit-test" href="#a-606145238">Example 12</a>. Running a test with specification in xUnit format</p>
|
|
2893
|
+
<div class="content"><pre>
|
|
2894
|
+
$ cd xUnit
|
|
2895
|
+
$ rake cver PROTOTYPE=1
|
|
2896
|
+
|
|
2897
|
+
Ruby-VPI: prototype is enabled
|
|
2898
|
+
Loaded suite counter
|
|
2899
|
+
Started
|
|
2900
|
+
...
|
|
2901
|
+
Finished in 0.043859 seconds.
|
|
2902
|
+
|
|
2903
|
+
3 tests, 35 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
|
|
2904
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
2905
|
+
</div>
|
|
2906
|
+
<div class="tip">
|
|
2907
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="What-can-the-test-runner-do" href="#a-606150528">Tip 3</a>. What can the test runner do?</p>
|
|
2908
|
+
|
|
2909
|
+
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
|
|
2910
|
+
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|
2911
|
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|
2912
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2913
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2914
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2915
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2916
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|
2917
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2918
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2922
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2923
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2931
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2932
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2933
|
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2934
|
+
RIBiQgQiTfXQqr8JBIwxBJiYQqVDx6aAYjIUsQGAmlTsJV0ycdy2VF1L8kB/
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|
2935
|
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2936
|
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|
2937
|
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|
2938
|
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|
2939
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|
2940
|
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2941
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2942
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|
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2957
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2958
|
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|
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|
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|
+
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|
|
2961
|
+
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|
|
2962
|
+
rOn8KLq6Q0xOXIFtJ2FbgON42LxlM7q62oUxTm8qtaX3/PkzpXPnz506dOjx
|
|
2963
|
+
f13J+KtSG+3/k4/8sr1j1/aPfuyjuOH6LSiWp6CjKrSuQVCIVDKNZKoJqWQW
|
|
2964
|
+
rtuC4y8dMz/84alAgK47ePCJyfcVYM+ezRu71mYH7rijD2fPr4FlZ7F79060
|
|
2965
|
+
tWXR3NwML+XB9yuYmysgN5HDf5z4GfzaKMZHX/u3F1/85d0rGhyrEEKJhDVX
|
|
2966
|
+
LgVBpILEA/e3Y67YjMGhi3j9F3PIz1RQrkg0NrpoyDCaGgxu2FxDaU5hfFQt
|
|
2967
|
+
ufLwngIcPXohf889N/x4eKR6x+7fymL7tl246aYCAIMwlNCRRLVaRbEwi8Js
|
|
2968
|
+
HoMDs3hrOAdj8PIq6F/5H5q77urrbG3N3L5jexatLduRSd8I11kDISy4jg1m
|
|
2969
|
+
BhFBKo3Lw9MoVwKEUgIws6ugf+UeSKWMDEMZVavSzs++DsdNAjQHIgOpIszM
|
|
2970
|
+
zCGfz6NcKqOnO4tUAjBxLyYnZ/54NQBW7IGjRy/kS6XwRxcvFmFiAZgYWkfQ
|
|
2971
|
+
WsMYg+bmDLq62rGmoxlCCFRrIaam52AMzv+fAPjEJza1Z1vSt+3c2Y7W1puQ
|
|
2972
|
+
9vqQcP87hIQQICJEWmN8fBbGMNZ1t8N27Fv27NncvdLxVxxCUiY41pqCQOLq
|
|
2973
|
+
ENKxwVyhjOnpPCqVKnrWtSE/ncfgTB5kjC4WQ0NENuq1VXMtP/6uCYCIeP5e
|
|
2974
|
+
BlC+664tf3/06MXPT+Rsa+PGMazp7EIy5aFSriKfL2Bqchpzc3OolMoYHcvh
|
|
2975
|
+
ypWcqtXk53/601EfgId65U4TkZ7vR8aYeElalgNNRGJe+OKjACB27Oja1Nqa
|
|
2976
|
+
ujuZbLjb89Lbk0kL5fIc4ljDcTyEYQSl1PlKpfDi5cul7w8Pz+YAKMxXtq+y
|
|
2977
|
+
aOFo6n9OVg5ARNa86MUAC30HgAsgsWvXrt/cunXrEw899FDSdV0UCgUMDQ3h
|
|
2978
|
+
lVdeCS5evPh3Z86ceW1eeDhvwfxRLhIfLe4bY6J30rWkJJ4PmXcyaxGAe/r0
|
|
2979
|
+
6Yu+74+dOHFCTU5OIp/P480334zCMMydOXNmDEAGQApAYuGe+futdxqDiOgd
|
|
2980
|
+
ta22BwC4nZ2dXdu2bfujlpaWe4wxNDMz84OzZ88em5qamkZ9ppfjAflu+bDc
|
|
2981
|
+
HGAANv6XHFhk9iI4CwDNm5m3aJG9Ww4o1MPnXQVe09fovEsXBC+AXO16LBK/
|
|
2982
|
+
0BYggPpqs9jeBlvqCnTNAP/jIXWgBeNF/YXzBfHxIoC3z5cj+Or2X3r9Ye2F
|
|
2983
|
+
1izgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC
|
|
2984
|
+
" alt="tip" class="icon"/>
|
|
2985
|
+
|
|
2986
|
+
<div class="content">If you invoke the test runner (1) without any arguments or (2) with the <tt>--tasks</tt> option, it will show you a list of tasks that it can perform for you.</div>
|
|
2987
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
2988
|
+
</div>
|
|
2989
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
2990
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
2991
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.implement-design" href="#a-606168938">4.9.6</a> Implement the design
|
|
2992
|
+
</h3>
|
|
2993
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Now that we have implemented and verified our prototype, we are ready to implement our design This is often quite simple because we translate <em>existing</em> code from Ruby (our prototype) into Verilog (our design). The result of this process is illustrated by <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter.v_impl">Example 13: <em>Implementation of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</em></a>.</p>
|
|
2994
|
+
|
|
2995
|
+
|
|
2996
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
2997
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:counter.v_impl" href="#a-606237758">Example 13</a>. Implementation of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</p>
|
|
2998
|
+
<div class="content"><pre class="code" lang="verilog">/**
|
|
2999
|
+
A simple up-counter with synchronous reset.
|
|
3000
|
+
|
|
3001
|
+
@param Size Number of bits used to represent the counter's value.
|
|
3002
|
+
@param clock Increments the counter's value upon each positive edge.
|
|
3003
|
+
@param reset Zeroes the counter's value when asserted.
|
|
3004
|
+
@param count The counter's value.
|
|
3005
|
+
*/
|
|
3006
|
+
module counter #(parameter Size = 5) (
|
|
3007
|
+
input clock,
|
|
3008
|
+
input reset,
|
|
3009
|
+
output reg [Size-1 : 0] count
|
|
3010
|
+
);
|
|
3011
|
+
always @(posedge clock) begin
|
|
3012
|
+
if (reset)
|
|
3013
|
+
count <= 0;
|
|
3014
|
+
else
|
|
3015
|
+
count <= count + 1;
|
|
3016
|
+
end
|
|
3017
|
+
endmodule</pre></div>
|
|
3018
|
+
</div>
|
|
3019
|
+
Before we continue, replace the contents of the files named <tt>RSpec/counter.v</tt> and <tt>xUnit/counter.v</tt> with the source code shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig:counter.v_impl">Example 13: <em>Implementation of a simple up-counter with synchronous reset</em></a></p></div>
|
|
3020
|
+
</div>
|
|
3021
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3022
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
3023
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.tutorial.test-design" href="#a-606269558">4.9.7</a> Verify the design
|
|
3024
|
+
</h3>
|
|
3025
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Now that we have implemented our design we are ready to verify it against our specification by running the test <a class="xref" href="#fig:test-design.RSpec">Example 14: <em>Running a test with specification in RSpec format</em></a> and <a class="xref" href="#fig:test-design.unit-test">Example 15: <em>Running a test with specification in xUnit format</em></a> illustrate this process.</p>
|
|
3026
|
+
|
|
3027
|
+
|
|
3028
|
+
<p>In these examples, the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PROTOTYPE</span></code> environment variable is <em>not</em> specified while running the test, so that our design, instead of our prototype, is verified against our specification. You can also achieve this effect by assigning an empty value to <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">PROTOTYPE</span></code>, or by using your shell’s <strong>unset</strong> command. Finally, the <a class="xref" href="#setup.reqs">GPL Cver simulator</a> denoted by <em>cver</em>, is used to run the simulation.</p>
|
|
3029
|
+
|
|
3030
|
+
|
|
3031
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
3032
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:test-design.RSpec" href="#a-606307738">Example 14</a>. Running a test with specification in RSpec format</p>
|
|
3033
|
+
<div class="content"><pre>
|
|
3034
|
+
$ cd RSpec
|
|
3035
|
+
$ rake cver
|
|
3036
|
+
|
|
3037
|
+
...
|
|
3038
|
+
|
|
3039
|
+
Finished in 0.041198 seconds
|
|
3040
|
+
|
|
3041
|
+
3 examples, 0 failures
|
|
3042
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
3043
|
+
</div>
|
|
3044
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
3045
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="fig:test-design.unit-test" href="#a-606325118">Example 15</a>. Running a test with specification in xUnit format</p>
|
|
3046
|
+
<div class="content"><pre>
|
|
3047
|
+
$ cd xUnit
|
|
3048
|
+
$ rake cver
|
|
3049
|
+
|
|
3050
|
+
Loaded suite counter
|
|
3051
|
+
Started
|
|
3052
|
+
...
|
|
3053
|
+
Finished in 0.040262 seconds.
|
|
3054
|
+
|
|
3055
|
+
3 tests, 35 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
|
|
3056
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
3057
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
3058
|
+
</div>
|
|
3059
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3060
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
3061
|
+
<a class="toc" id="usage.examples" href="#a-606358268">4.9.8</a> More examples
|
|
3062
|
+
</h3>
|
|
3063
|
+
<div class="content">The <tt>examples</tt> directory (<a href="http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org/src/examples/">browse it online</a>) contains several example tests which illustrate how Ruby-VPI can be used. Each example has an associated <tt>Rakefile</tt> which simplifies the process of running it. Therefore, simply navigate into an example directory and run the <pre>rake</pre> command to get started.</div>
|
|
3064
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
3065
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
3066
|
+
</div>
|
|
3067
|
+
<div class="chapter">
|
|
3068
|
+
<h1 class="title">
|
|
3069
|
+
Chapter
|
|
3070
|
+
<a class="toc" id="hacking" href="#a-606376468">5</a>
|
|
3071
|
+
|
|
3072
|
+
<br/>
|
|
3073
|
+
|
|
3074
|
+
<big>Hacking</big>
|
|
3075
|
+
</h1>
|
|
3076
|
+
|
|
3077
|
+
<div class="content"><div class="section">
|
|
3078
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3079
|
+
<a class="toc" id="hacking.build" href="#a-605850148">5.1</a> Building from source code
|
|
3080
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3081
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Obtain the source code from the project <a href="http://darcs.net">Darcs</a> repository:</p>
|
|
3082
|
+
|
|
3083
|
+
|
|
3084
|
+
<pre>darcs get http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org/src ruby-vpi</pre>
|
|
3085
|
+
|
|
3086
|
+
|
|
3087
|
+
<p>Go inside the obtained directory and run the following commands:</p>
|
|
3088
|
+
|
|
3089
|
+
|
|
3090
|
+
<pre>rake build
|
|
3091
|
+
ruby bin/ruby-vpi -v</pre>
|
|
3092
|
+
|
|
3093
|
+
|
|
3094
|
+
<p>If the commands were successful, then you will see output like this: <pre>ruby-vpi 20.0.0 (2008-01-27) http://ruby-vpi.rubyforge.org /home/sun/src/ruby-vpi
|
|
3095
|
+
</pre></p>
|
|
3096
|
+
|
|
3097
|
+
|
|
3098
|
+
<p>Otherwise, you can ask for help in the <a href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/ruby-vpi-discuss">project mailing list</a>.</p></div>
|
|
3099
|
+
</div>
|
|
3100
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3101
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3102
|
+
<a class="toc" id="Installing-without-really-installing" href="#a-605974548">5.2</a> Installing without really installing
|
|
3103
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3104
|
+
<div class="content"><p>After successfully building from source (see <a class="xref" href="#hacking.build">Section 5.1: <em>Building from source code</em></a>), set the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">RUBYLIB</span></code> environment variable to the path where you checked out the source code <em>plus</em> the <tt>lib/</tt> directory.</p>
|
|
3105
|
+
|
|
3106
|
+
|
|
3107
|
+
<p>For example, if you checked out the source code into <tt>/home/foo/ruby-vpi/</tt> then you would set the value of the <code class="code"><span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">RUBYLIB</span></code> environment variable to <tt>/home/foo/ruby-vpi/lib/</tt>. Afterwards, any Ruby-VPI tests you run will use the checked-out source code directly.</p></div>
|
|
3108
|
+
</div>
|
|
3109
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3110
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3111
|
+
<a class="toc" id="hacking.release-packages" href="#a-605757818">5.3</a> Building release packages
|
|
3112
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3113
|
+
<div class="content"><p>In addition to the <a class="xref" href="#setup.reqs">normal requirements</a> you need the following software to build release packages:</p>
|
|
3114
|
+
|
|
3115
|
+
|
|
3116
|
+
<ul>
|
|
3117
|
+
<li><a href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/redcloth/">RedCloth</a></li>
|
|
3118
|
+
<li><a href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/coderay/">CodeRay</a></li>
|
|
3119
|
+
</ul>
|
|
3120
|
+
|
|
3121
|
+
|
|
3122
|
+
<p>Once you have satisfied these requirements, you can run the following command to build the release packages: <pre>rake release</pre></p>
|
|
3123
|
+
|
|
3124
|
+
|
|
3125
|
+
<p>For more build options, see below:
|
|
3126
|
+
<pre>$ rake -T
|
|
3127
|
+
(in /home/sun/src/ruby-vpi)
|
|
3128
|
+
rake build # Builds object files for all simulators.
|
|
3129
|
+
rake build_cver # Builds object files for GPL Cver.
|
|
3130
|
+
rake build_ivl # Builds object files for Icarus Verilog.
|
|
3131
|
+
rake build_ncsim # Builds object files for Cadence NC-Sim.
|
|
3132
|
+
rake build_vcs # Builds object files for Synopsys VCS.
|
|
3133
|
+
rake build_vsim # Builds object files for Mentor Modelsim.
|
|
3134
|
+
rake clean # Remove any temporary products.
|
|
3135
|
+
rake clobber # Remove any generated file.
|
|
3136
|
+
rake clobber_doc/api/ruby # Remove rdoc products
|
|
3137
|
+
rake clobber_package # Remove package products
|
|
3138
|
+
rake dist # Build release packages.
|
|
3139
|
+
rake doc # Build the documentation.
|
|
3140
|
+
rake doc/api/c # Build API reference for C.
|
|
3141
|
+
rake doc/api/ruby # Build the doc/api/ruby HTML Files
|
|
3142
|
+
rake gem # Build the gem file ruby-vpi-20.0.0.gem
|
|
3143
|
+
rake gem_config_inst # Configures the gem during installation.
|
|
3144
|
+
rake package # Build all the packages
|
|
3145
|
+
rake redoc/api/ruby # Force a rebuild of the RDOC files
|
|
3146
|
+
rake ref # Build API reference.
|
|
3147
|
+
rake repackage # Force a rebuild of the package files
|
|
3148
|
+
rake test # Ensure that examples work with $SIMULATOR
|
|
3149
|
+
rake upload # Upload to project website.
|
|
3150
|
+
</pre></p></div>
|
|
3151
|
+
</div>
|
|
3152
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3153
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3154
|
+
<a class="toc" id="hacking.guide" href="#a-607050138">5.4</a> Editing this guide
|
|
3155
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3156
|
+
<div class="content">The <tt>doc/guide.erb</tt> file contains the source code of this guide. You must install <a href="http://gerbil.rubyforge.org">Gerbil</a> before you can run the <pre>rake doc</pre> command to automatically generate the HTML documentation you are currently viewing.</div>
|
|
3157
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
3158
|
+
</div>
|
|
3159
|
+
<div class="chapter">
|
|
3160
|
+
<h1 class="title">
|
|
3161
|
+
Chapter
|
|
3162
|
+
<a class="toc" id="problems" href="#a-607052618">6</a>
|
|
3163
|
+
|
|
3164
|
+
<br/>
|
|
3165
|
+
|
|
3166
|
+
<big>Known problems</big>
|
|
3167
|
+
</h1>
|
|
3168
|
+
|
|
3169
|
+
<div class="content"><p>This chapter presents known problems and possible solutions.</p>
|
|
3170
|
+
|
|
3171
|
+
|
|
3172
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
3173
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3174
|
+
<a class="toc" id="problem.ivl" href="#a-607054268">6.1</a> Icarus Verilog
|
|
3175
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3176
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The following sections describe problems that occur when Icarus Verilog is used with Ruby-VPI.</p>
|
|
3177
|
+
|
|
3178
|
+
|
|
3179
|
+
<p><div class="section">
|
|
3180
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
3181
|
+
<a class="toc" id="problems.ivl.vpi_handle_by_name.absolute-paths" href="#a-607055848">6.1.1</a> Give full paths to Verilog objects
|
|
3182
|
+
</h3>
|
|
3183
|
+
<div class="content"><p>In version 0.8 and snapshot 20061009 of Icarus Verilog, the <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name</code> function requires an <em>absolute</em> path (including the name of the bench which instantiates the design) to a Verilog object. In addition, <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name</code> always returns <code class="code"><span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span></code> when its second parameter is specified.</p>
|
|
3184
|
+
|
|
3185
|
+
|
|
3186
|
+
<p>For example, consider <a class="xref" href="#ex:TestFoo">Example 16: <em>Part of a bench which instantiates a Verilog design</em></a>. Here, one must write <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name(<span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">TestFoo.my_foo.clk</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span>)</code> instead of <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name(<span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">my_foo.clk</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#036; font-weight:bold">TestFoo</span>)</code> in order to access the <code class="code">clk</code> input of the <code class="code">my_foo</code> module instance.</p>
|
|
3187
|
+
|
|
3188
|
+
|
|
3189
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
3190
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="ex:TestFoo" href="#a-607058828">Example 16</a>. Part of a bench which instantiates a Verilog design</p>
|
|
3191
|
+
<div class="content"><pre class="code" lang="verilog">
|
|
3192
|
+
module TestFoo;
|
|
3193
|
+
reg clk_reg;
|
|
3194
|
+
Foo my_foo(.clk(clk_reg));
|
|
3195
|
+
endmodule
|
|
3196
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
3197
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
3198
|
+
</div>
|
|
3199
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3200
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
3201
|
+
<a class="toc" id="problems.ivl.vpi_handle_by_name.connect-registers" href="#a-607061068">6.1.2</a> Registers must be connected
|
|
3202
|
+
</h3>
|
|
3203
|
+
<div class="content"><p>In version 0.8 of Icarus Verilog, if you want to access a register in a design, then it must be connected to something (either assigned to a wire or passed as a parameter to a module instantiation). Otherwise, you will get a <code class="code"><span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span></code> value as the result of <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name</code> method.</p>
|
|
3204
|
+
|
|
3205
|
+
|
|
3206
|
+
<p>For example, suppose you wanted to access the <code class="code">clk_reg</code> register, from the bench shown in <a class="xref" href="#ex:TestFoo_bad">Example 17: <em>Bad design with unconnected registers</em></a> If you execute the statement <code class="code">clk_reg = vpi_handle_by_name(<span style="background-color:#fff0f0"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">TestFoo.clk_reg</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span>)</code> in a specification, then you will discover that the <code class="code">vpi_handle_by_name</code> method returns <code class="code"><span style="color:#038; font-weight:bold">nil</span></code> instead of a handle to the <code class="code">clk_reg</code> register.</p>
|
|
3207
|
+
|
|
3208
|
+
|
|
3209
|
+
<p>The solution is to change the design such that it appears like the one shown in <a class="xref" href="#ex:TestFoo_fix">Example 18: <em>Fixed design with wired registers</em></a> where the register is connected to a wire, or <a class="xref" href="#ex:TestFoo">Example 16: <em>Part of a bench which instantiates a Verilog design</em></a> where the register is connected to a module instantiation.</p>
|
|
3210
|
+
|
|
3211
|
+
|
|
3212
|
+
<p><div class="example">
|
|
3213
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="ex:TestFoo_bad" href="#a-607066798">Example 17</a>. Bad design with unconnected registers</p>
|
|
3214
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Here the <code class="code">clk_reg</code> register is not connected to anything.</p>
|
|
3215
|
+
|
|
3216
|
+
|
|
3217
|
+
<pre class="code" lang="verilog">
|
|
3218
|
+
module TestFoo;
|
|
3219
|
+
reg clk_reg;
|
|
3220
|
+
endmodule
|
|
3221
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
3222
|
+
</div>
|
|
3223
|
+
<div class="example">
|
|
3224
|
+
<p class="title"><a class="toc" id="ex:TestFoo_fix" href="#a-607068638">Example 18</a>. Fixed design with wired registers</p>
|
|
3225
|
+
<div class="content"><p>Here the <code class="code">clk_reg</code> register is connected to the <code class="code">clk_wire</code> wire.</p>
|
|
3226
|
+
|
|
3227
|
+
|
|
3228
|
+
<pre class="code" lang="verilog">
|
|
3229
|
+
module TestFoo;
|
|
3230
|
+
reg clk_reg;
|
|
3231
|
+
wire clk_wire;
|
|
3232
|
+
assign clk_wire = clk_reg;
|
|
3233
|
+
endmodule
|
|
3234
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
3235
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
3236
|
+
</div>
|
|
3237
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3238
|
+
<h3 class="title">
|
|
3239
|
+
<a class="toc" id="problems.ivl.vpi_reset" href="#a-607070908">6.1.3</a> VPI::reset
|
|
3240
|
+
</h3>
|
|
3241
|
+
<div class="content">In version 0.8 of Icarus Verilog, the <code class="code">vpi_control(vpiReset)</code> VPI function causes an assertion to fail inside the simulator. As a result, the simulation terminates and a core dump is produced.</div>
|
|
3242
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
3243
|
+
</div></p></div>
|
|
3244
|
+
</div>
|
|
3245
|
+
<div class="chapter">
|
|
3246
|
+
<h1 class="title">
|
|
3247
|
+
Chapter
|
|
3248
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary" href="#a-607073798">7</a>
|
|
3249
|
+
|
|
3250
|
+
<br/>
|
|
3251
|
+
|
|
3252
|
+
<big>Glossary</big>
|
|
3253
|
+
</h1>
|
|
3254
|
+
|
|
3255
|
+
<div class="content"><div class="section">
|
|
3256
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3257
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.test" href="#a-607075458">7.1</a> Test
|
|
3258
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3259
|
+
<div class="content">Something that checks if a <a class="xref" href="#glossary.design">design</a> satisfies a <a class="xref" href="#glossary.specification">specification</a></div>
|
|
3260
|
+
</div>
|
|
3261
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3262
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3263
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.design" href="#a-607080108">7.2</a> Design
|
|
3264
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3265
|
+
<div class="content">A Verilog module that is verified against a <a class="xref" href="#glossary.specification">specification</a> in order to ensure correctness or soundness of its being. In other words, it is the thing being checked: does it work or not?</div>
|
|
3266
|
+
</div>
|
|
3267
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3268
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3269
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.specification" href="#a-607083458">7.3</a> Specification
|
|
3270
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3271
|
+
<div class="content">A set of <a class="xref" href="#glossary.expectation">expectations</a> which define the desired behavior of a <a class="xref" href="#glossary.design">design</a> when it is subjected to certain stimulus.</div>
|
|
3272
|
+
</div>
|
|
3273
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3274
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3275
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.expectation" href="#a-607088168">7.4</a> Expectation
|
|
3276
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3277
|
+
<div class="content">The desired response to some stimulus.</div>
|
|
3278
|
+
</div>
|
|
3279
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3280
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3281
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.handle" href="#a-607090238">7.5</a> Handle
|
|
3282
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3283
|
+
<div class="content">A reference to an object inside the Verilog simulation. See <a class="xref" href="#vpi.handles">Section 4.3.1: <em>Handles</em></a> for usage instructions.</div>
|
|
3284
|
+
</div>
|
|
3285
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3286
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3287
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.rake" href="#a-607093668">7.6</a> Rake
|
|
3288
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3289
|
+
<div class="content"><blockquote>
|
|
3290
|
+
<p>Rake is a build tool, written in Ruby, using Ruby as a build language. Rake is similar to <strong>make</strong> in scope and purpose.</p>
|
|
3291
|
+
</blockquote>
|
|
3292
|
+
|
|
3293
|
+
|
|
3294
|
+
<p style="text-align:right;">—<a href="http://docs.rubyrake.org">Rake documentation</a></p></div>
|
|
3295
|
+
</div>
|
|
3296
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3297
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3298
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.RSpec" href="#a-607095818">7.7</a> RSpec
|
|
3299
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3300
|
+
<div class="content"><p>The <a class="xref" href="#glossary.BDD">BDD</a> framework for Ruby.</p>
|
|
3301
|
+
|
|
3302
|
+
|
|
3303
|
+
<p>See the <a href="http://rspec.rubyforge.org">RSpec website</a> and <a href="http://rspec.rubyforge.org/documentation/index.html">tutorial</a> for more information.</p></div>
|
|
3304
|
+
</div>
|
|
3305
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3306
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3307
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.TDD" href="#a-607099338">7.8</a> Test driven development
|
|
3308
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3309
|
+
<div class="content"><p>An <a href="http://agilemanifesto.org/">agile software development methodology</a> which emphasizes (1) testing functionality before implementing it and (2) refactoring.</p>
|
|
3310
|
+
|
|
3311
|
+
|
|
3312
|
+
<p>See <a href="http://www.agiledata.org/essays/tdd.html">this introductory article</a> for more information.</p></div>
|
|
3313
|
+
</div>
|
|
3314
|
+
<div class="section">
|
|
3315
|
+
<h2 class="title">
|
|
3316
|
+
<a class="toc" id="glossary.BDD" href="#a-607101548">7.9</a> Behavior driven development
|
|
3317
|
+
</h2>
|
|
3318
|
+
<div class="content"><p>An <a href="http://agilemanifesto.org/">agile software development methodology</a> which emphasizes thinking in terms of behavior when designing, implementing, and verifying software.</p>
|
|
3319
|
+
|
|
3320
|
+
|
|
3321
|
+
<p>See the <a href="http://behaviour-driven.org/">official wiki</a> for more information.</p></div>
|
|
3322
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
3323
|
+
</div></div>
|
|
3324
|
+
|
|
3325
|
+
|
|
3326
|
+
<br style="display: none"/>
|
|
3327
|
+
<hr style="display: none"/>
|
|
3328
|
+
<br style="display: none"/>
|
|
3329
|
+
|
|
3330
|
+
|
|
3331
|
+
<div id="footer">
|
|
3332
|
+
|
|
3333
|
+
Generated on Sun Jan 27 22:46:48 -0800 2008 by <a href="http://gerbil.rubyforge.org">Gerbil</a> 1.1.0.
|
|
3334
|
+
|
|
3335
|
+
<p>The admonition icons (<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAABHNCSVQICAgI
|
|
3336
|
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3360
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3364
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" alt="caution"/>) used in this document are Copyright © 2005 <a href="http://tango.freedesktop.org">Tango Desktop Project</a>. They are part of the <a href="http://tango.freedesktop.org/Tango_Icon_Library">Tango Icon Theme</a> set, which is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License Agreement</a>.</p>
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