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-.. -*- rst -*-
-.. highlightlang:: none
-.. groonga-command
-.. database: reference_grn_expr_script_syntax
-Script syntax
-=============
-Script syntax is a syntax to specify complex search condition. It is
-similar to ECMAScript. For example, ``_key == "book"`` means that
-groonga searches records that ``_key`` value is ``"book"``. All values
-are string in :doc:`query_syntax` but its own type in script
-syntax. For example, ``"book"`` is string, ``1`` is integer,
-``TokenBigram`` is the object whose name is ``TokenBigram`` and so on.
-Script syntax doesn't support full ECMAScript syntax. For example,
-script syntax doesn't support statement such as ``if`` control
-statement, ``for`` iteration statement and variable definition
-statement. Function definion is not supported too. But script syntax
-addes the original additional operators.  They are described after
-ECMAScript syntax is described.
-.. _script-syntax-security:
-Security
---------
-For security reason, you should not pass an input from users to
-Groonga directly. If there is an evil user, the user may input a query
-that retrieves records that should not be shown to the user.
-Think about the following case.
-A Groonga application constructs a Groonga request by the following
-program::
-  filter = "column @ \"#{user_input}\""
-  select_options = {
-    # ...
-    :filter => filter,
-  }
-  groonga_client.select(select_options)
-``user_input`` is an input from user. If the input is ``query``,
-here is the constructed :ref:`select-filter` parameter::
-  column @ "query"
-If the input is ``x" || true || "``, here is the constructed
-:ref:`select-filter` parameter::
-  column @ "x" || true || ""
-This query matches to all records. The user will get all records from
-your database. The user may be evil.
-It's better that you just receive an user input as a value. It means
-that you don't accept that user input can contain operator such as
-``@`` and ``&&``. If you accept operator, user can create evil query.
-If user input has only value, you blocks evil query by escaping user
-input value. Here is a list how to escape user input value:
-  * True value: Convert it to ``true``.
-  * False value: Convert it to ``false``.
-  * Numerical value: Convert it to :ref:`script-syntax-literal-integer`
-    or :ref:`script-syntax-literal-float`. For example, ``1.2``,
-    ``-10``, ``314e-2`` and so on.
-  * String value: Replace ``"`` with ``\"`` and ``\`` with ``\\`` in
-    the string value and surround substituted string value by
-    ``"``. For example, ``double " quote and back \ slash`` should be
-    converted to ``"double \" quote and back \\ slash"``.
-Sample data
------------
-Here are a schema definition and sample data to show usage.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/query_syntax/setup.log
-.. table_create Entries TABLE_PAT_KEY ShortText
-.. column_create Entries content COLUMN_SCALAR Text
-.. column_create Entries n_likes COLUMN_SCALAR UInt32
-.. table_create Terms TABLE_PAT_KEY ShortText --default_tokenizer TokenBigram --normalizer NormalizerAuto
-.. column_create Terms entries_key_index COLUMN_INDEX|WITH_POSITION Entries _key
-.. column_create Terms entries_content_index COLUMN_INDEX|WITH_POSITION Entries content
-.. load --table Entries
-.. [
-.. {"_key":    "The first post!",
-..  "content": "Welcome! This is my first post!",
-..  "n_likes": 5},
-.. {"_key":    "Groonga",
-..  "content": "I started to use Groonga. It's very fast!",
-..  "n_likes": 10},
-.. {"_key":    "Mroonga",
-..  "content": "I also started to use Mroonga. It's also very fast! Really fast!",
-..  "n_likes": 15},
-.. {"_key":    "Good-bye Senna",
-..  "content": "I migrated all Senna system!",
-..  "n_likes": 3},
-.. {"_key":    "Good-bye Tritonn",
-..  "content": "I also migrated all Tritonn system!",
-..  "n_likes": 3}
-.. ]
-There is a table, ``Entries``, for blog entries. An entry has title,
-content and the number of likes for the entry. Title is key of
-``Entries``. Content is value of ``Entries.content`` column. The
-number of likes is value of ``Entries.n_likes`` column.
-``Entries._key`` column and ``Entries.content`` column are indexed
-using ``TokenBigram`` tokenizer. So both ``Entries._key`` and
-``Entries.content`` are fulltext search ready.
-OK. The schema and data for examples are ready.
-.. _script-syntax-literals:
-Literals
---------
-.. _script-syntax-literal-integer:
-Integer
-^^^^^^^
-Integer literal is sequence of ``0`` to ``9`` such as
-``1234567890``. ``+`` or ``-`` can be prepended as sign such as
-``+29`` and ``-29``. Integer literal must be decimal. Octal notation,
-hex and so on can't be used.
-The maximum value of integer literal is ``9223372036854775807`` (``= 2
-** 63 - 1``). The minimum value of integer literal is
-``-9223372036854775808`` (``= -(2 ** 63)``).
-.. _script-syntax-literal-float:
-Float
-^^^^^
-Float literal is sequence of ``0`` to ``9``, ``.`` and ``0`` to ``9``
-such as ``3.14``. ``+`` or ``-`` can be prepended as sign such as
-``+3.14`` and ``-3.14``. ``${RADIX}e${EXPORNENTIAL}`` and
-``${RADIX}E${EXPORNENTIAL}`` formats are also supported. For example,
-``314e-2`` is the same as ``3.14``.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-string:
-String
-^^^^^^
-String literal is ``"..."``. You need to escape ``"`` in literal by
-prepending ``\\'' such as ``\"``. For example, ``"Say \"Hello!\"."`` is
-a literal for ``Say "Hello!".`` string.
-String encoding must be the same as encoding of database. The default
-encoding is UTF-8. It can be changed by ``--with-default-encoding``
-configure option, ``--encodiong`` :doc:`/reference/executables/groonga` option
-and so on.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-boolean:
-Boolean
-^^^^^^^
-Boolean literal is ``true`` and ``false``. ``true`` means true and
-``false`` means false.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-null:
-Null
-^^^^
-Null literal is ``null``. Groonga doesn't support null value but null
-literal is supported.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-time:
-Time
-^^^^
-.. note::
-   This is the groonga original notation.
-Time literal doesn't exit. There are string time notation, integer
-time notation and float time notation.
-String time notation is ``"YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss.uuuuuu"`` or
-``"YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.uuuuuu"``. ``YYYY`` is year, ``MM`` is month,
-``DD`` is day, ``hh`` is hour, ``mm`` is minute, ``ss`` is second and
-``uuuuuu`` is micro second. It is local time. For example,
-``"2012/07/23 02:41:10.436218"`` is ``2012-07-23T02:41:10.436218`` in
-ISO 8601 format.
-Integer time notation is the number of seconds that have elapsed since
-midnight UTC, January 1, 1970. It is also known as POSIX time. For
-example, ``1343011270`` is ``2012-07-23T02:41:10Z`` in ISO 8601 format.
-Float time notation is the number of seconds and micro seconds that
-have elapsed since midnight UTC, January 1, 1970. For example,
-``1343011270.436218`` is ``2012-07-23T02:41:10.436218Z`` in ISO 8601
-format.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-geo-point:
-Geo point
-^^^^^^^^^
-.. note::
-   This is the groonga original notation.
-Geo point literal doesn't exist. There is string geo point notation.
-String geo point notation has the following patterns:
-  * ``"LATITUDE_IN_MSECxLONGITUDE_IN_MSEC"``
-  * ``"LATITUDE_IN_MSEC,LONGITUDE_IN_MSEC"``
-  * ``"LATITUDE_IN_DEGREExLONGITUDE_IN_DEGREE"``
-  * ``"LATITUDE_IN_DEGREE,LONGITUDE_IN_DEGREE"``
-``x`` and ``,`` can be used for separator. Latitude and longitude can
-be represented in milliseconds or degree.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-array:
-Array
-^^^^^
-Array literal is ``[element1, element2, ...]``.
-.. _script-syntax-literal-object:
-Object literal
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Object literal is ``{name1: value1, name2: value2, ...}``. Groonga
-doesn't support object literal yet.
-Control syntaxes
-----------------
-Script syntax doesn't support statement. So you cannot use control
-statement such as ``if``. You can only use ``A ? B : C`` expression as
-control syntax.
-``A ? B : C`` returns ``B`` if ``A`` is true, ``C`` otherwise.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_control_syntax_ternary_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == (_id == 1 ? 5 : 3)'
-The expression matches records that ``_id`` column value is equal to ``1``
-and ``n_likes`` column value is equal to ``5`` or ``_id`` column value is
-not equal to 1 and ``n_likes`` column value is equal to ``3``.
-Grouping
---------
-Its syntax is ``(...)``. ``...`` is comma separated expression list.
-``(...)`` groups one ore more expressions and they can be processed as
-an expression. ``a && b || c`` means that ``a`` and ``b`` are matched
-or ``c`` is matched. ``a && (b || c)`` means that ``a`` and one of
-``b`` and ``c`` are matched.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_grouping.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes < 5 && content @ "senna" || content @ "fast"'
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes < 5 && (content @ "senna" || content @ "fast")'
-The first expression doesn't use grouping. It matches records that
-``n_likes < 5`` and ``content @ "senna"`` are matched or
-``content @ "fast"`` is matched.
-The second expression uses grouping. It matches records that ``n_likes
-< 5`` and one of ``content @ "senna"`` or ``content @ "fast"`` are
-matched.
-Function call
--------------
-Its syntax is ``name(arugment1, argument2, ...)``.
-``name(argument1, argument2, ...)`` calls a function that is named
-``name`` with arguments ``argument1``, ``argument2`` and ``...``.
-See :doc:`/reference/function` for available functin list.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_function.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'edit_distance(_key, "Groonga") <= 1'
-The expression uses :doc:`/reference/functions/edit_distance`. It
-matches records that ``_key`` column value is similar to
-``"Groonga"``. Similality of ``"Groonga"`` is computed as edit
-distance. If edit distance is less than or equal to 1, the value is
-treated as similar. In this case, ``"Groonga"`` and ``"Mroonga"`` are
-treated as similar.
-Basic operators
----------------
-Groonga supports operators defined in ECMAScript.
-Arithmetic operators
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Here are arithmetic operators.
-Addition operator
-"""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 + number2``.
-The operator adds ``number1`` and ``number2`` and returns the result.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_addition_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 10 + 5'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``15`` (= ``10 + 5``).
-Subtraction operator
-""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 - number2``.
-The operator subtracts ``number2`` from ``number1`` and returns the result.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_subtraction_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 20 - 5'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``15`` (= ``20 - 5``).
-Multiplication operator
-"""""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 * number2``.
-The operator multiplies ``number1`` and ``number2`` and returns the result.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_multiplication_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 3 * 5'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``15`` (= ``3 * 5``).
-Division operator
-"""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 / number2`` and ``number1 % number2``.
-The operator divides ``number2`` by ``number1``. ``/`` returns the
-quotient of result. ``%`` returns the remainder of result.
-Here is simple examples.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_division_operator_quotient.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 26 / 7'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``3`` (= ``26 / 7``).
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_division_operator_remainder.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 26 % 7'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` (= ``26 % 7``).
-Logical operators
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Here are logical operators.
-Logical NOT operator
-""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``!condition``.
-The operator inverts boolean value of ``condition``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_logical_not_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter '!(n_likes == 5)'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is not
-equal to ``5``.
-Logical AND operator
-""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``condition1 && condition2``.
-The operator returns true if both of ``condition1`` and
-``condition2`` are true, false otherwise.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_logical_and_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'content @ "fast" && n_likes >= 10'
-The expression matches records that ``content`` column value has the
-word ``fast`` and ``n_likes`` column value is greater or equal to
-``10``.
-Logical OR operator
-"""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``condition1 || condition2``.
-The operator returns true if either ``condition1`` or ``condition2`` is
-true, false otherwise.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_logical_or_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 5 || n_likes == 10'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` or ``10``.
-Logical AND NOT operator
-""""""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``condition1 &! condition2``.
-The operator returns true if ``condition1`` is true but ``condition2``
-is false, false otherwise. It returns difference set.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_logical_but_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'content @ "fast" &! content @ "mroonga"'
-The expression matches records that ``content`` column value has the
-word ``fast`` but doesn't have the word ``mroonga``.
-.. _script-syntax-bitwise-operators:
-Bitwise operators
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Here are bitwise operators.
-.. _script-syntax-bitwise-not:
-Bitwise NOT operator
-""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``~number``.
-The operator returns bitwise NOT of ``number``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_bitwise_not_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter '~n_likes == -6'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` because bitwise NOT of ``5`` is equal to ``-6``.
-.. _script-syntax-bitwise-and:
-Bitwise AND operator
-""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 & number2``.
-The operator returns bitwise AND between ``number1`` and ``number2``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_bitwise_and_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter '(n_likes & 1) == 1'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is even
-number because bitwise AND between an even number and ``1`` is equal
-to ``1`` and bitwise AND between an odd number and ``1`` is equal to
-``0``.
-.. _script-syntax-bitwise-or:
-Bitwise OR operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``number1 | number2``.
-The operator returns bitwise OR between ``number1`` and ``number2``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_bitwise_or_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == (1 | 4)'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` (= ``1 | 4``).
-.. _script-syntax-bitwise-xor:
-Bitwise XOR operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``number1 ^ number2``.
-The operator returns bitwise XOR between ``number1`` and ``number2``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_bitwise_xor_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == (10 ^ 15)'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` (= ``10 ^ 15``).
-.. _script-syntax-shift-operators:
-Shift operators
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Here are shift operators.
-.. _script-syntax-shift-left:
-Left shift operator
-"""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 << number2``.
-The operator performs a bitwise left shift operation on ``number1`` by
-``number2``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_left_shift_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == (5 << 1)'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``10`` (= ``5 << 1``).
-.. _script-syntax-shift-signed-right:
-Signed right shift operator
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 >> number2``.
-The operator shifts bits of ``number1`` to right by ``number2``. The sign
-of the result is the same as ``number1``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_signed_right_shift_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == -(-10 >> 1)'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` (= ``-(-10 >> 1)`` = ``-(-5)``).
-.. _script-syntax-shift-unsigned-right:
-Unsigned right shift operator
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``number1 >>> number2``.
-The operator shifts bits of ``number1`` to right by ``number2``. The
-leftmost ``number2`` bits are filled by ``0``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_unsigned_right_shift_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == (2147483648 - (-10 >>> 1))'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5`` (= ``2147483648 - (-10 >>> 1)`` = ``2147483648 - 2147483643``).
-Comparison operators
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Here are comparison operators.
-.. _script-syntax-equal-operator:
-Equal operator
-""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``object1 == object2``.
-The operator returns true if ``object1`` equals to ``object2``, false
-otherwise.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_equal_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes == 5'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is equal
-to ``5``.
-Not equal operator
-""""""""""""""""""
-Its syntax is ``object1 != object2``.
-The operator returns true if ``object1`` does not equal to
-``object2``, false otherwise.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_not_equal_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'n_likes != 5'
-The expression matches records that ``n_likes`` column value is not
-equal to ``5``.
-Less than operator
-""""""""""""""""""
-TODO: ...
-Less than or equal to operator
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-TODO: ...
-Greater than operator
-"""""""""""""""""""""
-TODO: ...
-Greater than or equal to operator
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-TODO: ...
-Assignment operators
---------------------
-Addition assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 += column2``.
-The operator performs addition assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_addition_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score += n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs addition assignment operation such as '_score = _score + n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 + 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Subtraction assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 -= column2``.
-The operator performs subtraction assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_subtraction_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score -= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score - n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 - 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Multiplication assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 *= column2``.
-The operator performs multiplication assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_multiplication_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score *= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score * n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 * 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Division assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 /= column2``.
-The operator performs division assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_division_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score /= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score / n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 / 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Modulo assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 %= column2``.
-The operator performs modulo assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_modulo_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score %= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score % n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 % 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Bitwise left shift assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 <<= column2``.
-The operator performs left shift assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_left_shift_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score <<= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score << n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 << 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Bitwise signed right shift assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column2 >>= column2``.
-The operator performs signed right shift assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-Bitwise unsigned right shift assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 >>>= column2``.
-The operator performs unsigned right shift assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-Bitwise AND assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 &= column2``.
-The operator performs bitwise AND assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_and_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score &= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score & n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Groonga" as the ``_key``
-is 10.
-So the expression ``1 & 10`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-.. _script-syntax-bitwise-or-assign:
-Bitwise OR assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 |= column2``.
-The operator performs bitwise OR assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_or_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score |= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score | n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Groonga" as the ``_key``
-is 10.
-So the expression ``1 | 10`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Bitwise XOR assignment operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column1 ^= column2``.
-The operator performs bitwise XOR assignment operation on column1 by column2.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_xor_assignment_operator.log
-.. select Entries --output_columns _key,n_likes,_score --filter true --scorer '_score ^= n_likes'
-The value of ``_score`` by ``--filter`` is always 1 in this case,
-then performs subtraction assignment operation such as '_score = _score ^ n_likes' for each records.
-For example, the value of ``_score`` about the record which stores "Good-bye Senna" as the ``_key``
-is 3.
-So the expression ``1 ^ 3`` is evaluated and stored to ``_score`` column as the execution result.
-Original operators
-------------------
-Script syntax adds the original binary opearators to ECMAScript
-syntax. They operate search specific operations. They are starts with
-``@`` or ``*``.
-.. _script-syntax-match-operator:
-Match operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column @ value``.
-The operator searches ``value`` by inverted index of ``column``.
-Normally, full text search is operated but tag search can be operated.
-Because tag search is also implemented by inverted index.
-:doc:`query_syntax` uses this operator by default.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_match_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'content @ "fast"' --output_columns content
-The expression matches records that contain a word ``fast`` in
-``content`` column value.
-.. _script-syntax-prefix-search-operator:
-Prefix search operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column @^ value``.
-The operator does prefix search with ``value``. Prefix search searches
-records that contain a word that starts with ``value``.
-You can use fast prefix search against a column. The column must be
-indexed and index table must be patricia trie table
-(``TABLE_PAT_KEY``) or double array trie table
-(``TABLE_DAT_KEY``). You can also use fast prefix search against
-``_key`` pseudo column of patricia trie table or double array trie
-table. You don't need to index ``_key``.
-Prefix search can be used with other table types but it causes all
-records scan. It's not problem for small records but it spends more
-time for large records.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_prefix_search_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter '_key @^ "Goo"' --output_columns _key
-The expression matches records that contain a word that starts with
-``Goo`` in ``_key`` pseudo column value. ``Good-bye Senna`` and
-``Good-bye Tritonn`` are matched with the expression.
-.. _script-syntax-suffix-search-operator:
-Suffix search operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column @$ value``.
-This operator does suffix search with ``value``. Suffix search
-searches records that contain a word that ends with ``value``.
-You can use fast suffix search against a column. The column must be
-indexed and index table must be patricia trie table
-(``TABLE_PAT_KEY``) with ``KEY_WITH_SIS`` flag. You can also use fast
-suffix search against ``_key`` pseudo column of patricia trie table
-(``TABLE_PAT_KEY``) with ``KEY_WITH_SIS`` flag. You don't need to
-index ``_key``. We recommended that you use index column based fast
-suffix search instead of ``_key`` based fast suffix search. ``_key``
-based fast suffix search returns automatically registered
-substrings. (TODO: write document about suffix search and link to it
-from here.)
-.. note::
-   Fast suffix search can be used only for non-ASCII characters such
-   as hiragana in Japanese. You cannot use fast suffix search for
-   ASCII character.
-Suffix search can be used with other table types or patricia trie
-table without ``KEY_WITH_SIS`` flag but it causes all records
-scan. It's not problem for small records but it spends more time for
-large records.
-Here is a simple example. It uses fast suffix search for hiragana in
-Japanese that is one of non-ASCII characters.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_suffix_search_operator.log
-.. table_create Titles TABLE_NO_KEY
-.. column_create Titles content COLUMN_SCALAR ShortText
-.. table_create SuffixSearchTerms TABLE_PAT_KEY|KEY_WITH_SIS ShortText
-.. column_create SuffixSearchTerms index COLUMN_INDEX Titles content
-.. load --table Titles
-.. [
-.. {"content": "ぐるんが"},
-.. {"content": "むるんが"},
-.. {"content": "せな"},
-.. {"content": "とりとん"}
-.. ]
-.. select Titles --query 'content:$んが'
-The expression matches records that have value that ends with ``んが``
-in ``content`` column value. ``ぐるんが`` and ``むるんが`` are matched
-with the expression.
-.. _script-syntax-near-search-operator:
-Near search operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is one of them::
-  column *N "word1 word2 ..."
-  column *N${MAX_INTERVAL} "word1 word2 ..."
-Here are the examples of the second form::
-  column *N29 "word1 word2 ..."
-  column *N-1 "word1 word2 ..."
-The first example means that ``29`` is used for the max interval.
-The second example means that ``-1`` is used for the max interval.
-``-1`` max interval means no limit.
-The operator does near search with words ``word1 word2 ...``. Near
-search searches records that contain the words and the words are
-appeared in the specified order and the max interval.
-The max interval is ``10`` by default. The unit of the max interval is
-the number of characters in N-gram family tokenizers and the number of
-words in morphological analysis family tokenizers.
-(TODO: Add a description about ``TokenBigram`` doesn't split ASCII
-only word into tokens. So the unit for ASCII words with
-``TokenBigram`` is the number of words even if ``TokenBigram`` is a
-N-gram family tokenizer.)
-Note that an index column for full text search must be defined for
-``column``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_near_search_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'content *N "I fast"'      --output_columns content
-.. select Entries --filter 'content *N "I Really"'    --output_columns content
-.. select Entries --filter 'content *N "also Really"' --output_columns content
-The first expression matches records that contain ``I`` and ``fast``
-and the max interval of those words are in 10 words. So the record
-that its content is ``I also started to use mroonga. It's also very
-fast! ...`` is matched. The number of words between ``I`` and ``fast``
-is just 10.
-The second expression matches records that contain ``I`` and
-``Really`` and the max interval of those words are in 10 words. So the
-record that its content is ``I also started to use mroonga. It's also
-very fast! Really fast!`` is not matched. The number of words between
-``I`` and ``Really`` is 11.
-The third expression matches records that contain ``also`` and
-``Really`` and the max interval of those words are in 10 words. So
-the record that its content is ``I also st arted to use mroonga. It's
-also very fast! Really fast!`` is matched. The number of words between
-``also`` and ``Really`` is 10.
-.. _script-syntax-similar-search-operator:
-Similar search
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``column *S "document"``.
-The operator does similar search with document ``document``. Similar
-search searches records that have similar content to
-``document``.
-Note that an index column for full text search must be defined for
-``column``.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_similar_search_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'content *S "I migrated all Solr system!"' --output_columns content
-The expression matches records that have similar content to ``I
-migrated all Solr system!``. In this case, records that have ``I
-migrated all XXX system!`` content are matched.
-.. _script-syntax-term-extract-operator:
-Term extract operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Its syntax is ``_key *T "document"``.
-The operator extracts terms from ``document``. Terms must be
-registered as keys of the table of ``_key``.
-Note that the table must be patricia trie (``TABLE_PAT_KEY``) or
-double array trie (``TABLE_DAT_KEY``). You can't use hash table
-(``TABLE_HASH_KEY``) and array (``TABLE_NO_KEY``) because they don't
-support longest common prefix search. Longest common prefix search is
-used to implement the operator.
-Here is a simple example.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_term_extract_operator.log
-.. table_create Words TABLE_PAT_KEY ShortText --normalizer NormalizerAuto
-.. load --table Words
-.. [
-.. {"_key": "groonga"},
-.. {"_key": "mroonga"},
-.. {"_key": "Senna"},
-.. {"_key": "Tritonn"}
-.. ]
-.. select Words --filter '_key *T "Groonga is the successor project to Senna."' --output_columns _key
-The expression extrcts terms that included in document ``Groonga is
-the successor project to Senna.``. In this case, ``NormalizerAuto``
-normalizer is specified to ``Words``. So ``Groonga`` can be extracted
-even if it is loaded as ``groonga`` into ``Words``. All of extracted
-terms are also normalized.
-.. _script-syntax-regular-expression-operator:
-Regular expression operator
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-.. versionadded:: 5.0.1
-Its syntax is ``column @~ "pattern"``.
-The operator searches records by the regular expression
-``pattern``. If a record's ``column`` value is matched to ``pattern``,
-the record is matched.
-``pattern`` must be valid regular expression syntax. See
-:doc:`/reference/regular_expression` about regular expression syntax
-details.
-The following example uses ``.roonga`` as pattern. It matches
-``Groonga``, ``Mroonga`` and so on.
-.. groonga-command
-.. include:: ../../example/reference/grn_expr/script_syntax/simple_regular_expression_operator.log
-.. select Entries --filter 'content @~ ".roonga"'
-In most cases, regular expression is evaluated sequentially. So it may
-be slow against many records.
-In some cases, Groonga evaluates regular expression by index. It's
-very fast. See :doc:`/reference/regular_expression` for details.