rmagick 2.13.2 → 4.2.2

data/lib/rmagick_internal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1922 @@
+# $Id: RMagick.rb,v 1.84 2009/09/15 22:08:41 rmagick Exp $
+#==============================================================================
+#                  Copyright (C) 2009 by Timothy P. Hunter
+#   Name:       RMagick.rb
+#   Author:     Tim Hunter
+#   Purpose:    Extend Ruby to interface with ImageMagick.
+#   Notes:      RMagick2.so defines the classes. The code below adds methods
+#               to the classes.
+#==============================================================================
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mingw/i
+  begin
+    require 'ruby_installer'
+    ENV['PATH'].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).grep(/ImageMagick/i).each do |path|
+      RubyInstaller::Runtime.add_dll_directory(path)
+    end
+  rescue LoadError
+  end
+end
+
+require 'English'
+require 'observer'
+require 'RMagick2.so'
+
+module Magick
+  @formats = nil
+  @trace_proc = nil
+  @exit_block_set_up = nil
+  IMAGEMAGICK_VERSION = Magick::Magick_version.split[1].split('-').first
+
+  class << self
+    # Describes the image formats supported by ImageMagick.
+    # If the optional block is present, calls the block once for each image format.
+    # The first argument, +k+, is the format name. The second argument, +v+, is the
+    # properties string described below.
+    #
+    # - +B+ is "*" if the format has native blob support, or " " otherwise.
+    # - +R+ is "r" if ImageMagick can read that format, or "-" otherwise.
+    # - +W+ is "w" if ImageMagick can write that format, or "-" otherwise.
+    # - +A+ is "+" if the format supports multi-image files, or "-" otherwise.
+    #
+    # @overload formats
+    #   @return [Hash] the formats hash
+    #
+    # @overload formats
+    #   @yield [k, v]
+    #   @yieldparam k [String] the format name
+    #   @yieldparam v [String] the properties string
+    #   @return [Magick]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   p Magick.formats
+    #   => {"3FR"=>" r-+", "3G2"=>" r-+", "3GP"=>" r-+", "A"=>"*rw+",
+    #   ...
+    def formats
+      @formats ||= init_formats
+
+      if block_given?
+        @formats.each { |k, v| yield k, v }
+        self
+      else
+        @formats
+      end
+    end
+
+    # If the Magick module attribute +trace_proc+ is set to a Proc object,
+    # RMagick calls the proc whenever an image is created or destroyed.
+    #
+    # You can use this proc to keep track of which images your program has created
+    # and which have been destroyed.
+    #
+    # @param p [Proc] The proc object.
+    #   The following value will be passed into the proc object.
+    #   - +which+ - A symbol that indicates which operation the proc is being called for.
+    #     If the proc is called for an image creation, the value is +:c+.
+    #     If called for an image destruction, the value is +:d+.
+    #   - +description+ - A string describing the image. This is the same string that
+    #     would be returned by calling the image's inspect method.
+    #   - +id+ - A unique identifier for the image. This identifier is not the same as the object's +object_id+.
+    #   - +method+ - The name of the method responsible for creating or destroying the image.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Magick.trace_proc = proc do |which, description, id, method|
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    def trace_proc=(p)
+      m = Mutex.new
+      m.synchronize do
+        if @trace_proc.nil? && !p.nil? && !@exit_block_set_up
+          at_exit { @trace_proc = nil }
+          @exit_block_set_up = true
+        end
+
+        @trace_proc = p
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Geometry class and related enum constants
+  class GeometryValue < Enum
+    # no methods
+  end
+
+  PercentGeometry  = GeometryValue.new(:PercentGeometry, 1).freeze
+  AspectGeometry   = GeometryValue.new(:AspectGeometry, 2).freeze
+  LessGeometry     = GeometryValue.new(:LessGeometry, 3).freeze
+  GreaterGeometry  = GeometryValue.new(:GreaterGeometry, 4).freeze
+  AreaGeometry     = GeometryValue.new(:AreaGeometry, 5).freeze
+  MinimumGeometry  = GeometryValue.new(:MinimumGeometry, 6).freeze
+
+  class Geometry
+    FLAGS = ['', '%', '!', '<', '>', '@', '^']
+    RFLAGS = {
+      '%' => PercentGeometry,
+      '!' => AspectGeometry,
+      '<' => LessGeometry,
+      '>' => GreaterGeometry,
+      '@' => AreaGeometry,
+      '^' => MinimumGeometry
+    }
+
+    attr_accessor :width, :height, :x, :y, :flag
+
+    def initialize(width = nil, height = nil, x = nil, y = nil, flag = nil)
+      raise(ArgumentError, "width set to #{width}") if width.is_a? GeometryValue
+      raise(ArgumentError, "height set to #{height}") if height.is_a? GeometryValue
+      raise(ArgumentError, "x set to #{x}") if x.is_a? GeometryValue
+      raise(ArgumentError, "y set to #{y}") if y.is_a? GeometryValue
+
+      # Support floating-point width and height arguments so Geometry
+      # objects can be used to specify Image#density= arguments.
+      if width.nil?
+        @width = 0
+      elsif width.to_f >= 0.0
+        @width = width.to_f
+      else
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "width must be >= 0: #{width}"
+      end
+      if height.nil?
+        @height = 0
+      elsif height.to_f >= 0.0
+        @height = height.to_f
+      else
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "height must be >= 0: #{height}"
+      end
+
+      @x    = x.to_i
+      @y    = y.to_i
+      @flag = flag
+    end
+
+    # Construct an object from a geometry string
+    W = /(\d+\.\d+%?)|(\d*%?)/
+    H = W
+    X = /(?:([-+]\d+))?/
+    Y = X
+    RE = /\A#{W}x?#{H}#{X}#{Y}([!<>@\^]?)\Z/
+
+    def self.from_s(str)
+      m = RE.match(str)
+      if m
+        width  = (m[1] || m[2]).to_f
+        height = (m[3] || m[4]).to_f
+        x      = m[5].to_i
+        y      = m[6].to_i
+        flag   = RFLAGS[m[7]]
+      else
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'invalid geometry format'
+      end
+      flag = PercentGeometry if str['%']
+      Geometry.new(width, height, x, y, flag)
+    end
+
+    # Convert object to a geometry string
+    def to_s
+      str = ''
+      if @width > 0
+        fmt = @width.truncate == @width ? '%d' : '%.2f'
+        str << sprintf(fmt, @width)
+        str << '%' if @flag == PercentGeometry
+      end
+
+      str << 'x' if (@width > 0 && @flag != PercentGeometry) || (@height > 0)
+
+      if @height > 0
+        fmt = @height.truncate == @height ? '%d' : '%.2f'
+        str << sprintf(fmt, @height)
+        str << '%' if @flag == PercentGeometry
+      end
+      str << sprintf('%+d%+d', @x, @y) if @x != 0 || @y != 0
+      str << FLAGS[@flag.to_i] if @flag != PercentGeometry
+      str
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Draw
+    # Thse hashes are used to map Magick constant
+    # values to the strings used in the primitives.
+    ALIGN_TYPE_NAMES = {
+      LeftAlign.to_i => 'left',
+      RightAlign.to_i => 'right',
+      CenterAlign.to_i => 'center'
+    }.freeze
+    ANCHOR_TYPE_NAMES = {
+      StartAnchor.to_i => 'start',
+      MiddleAnchor.to_i => 'middle',
+      EndAnchor.to_i => 'end'
+    }.freeze
+    DECORATION_TYPE_NAMES = {
+      NoDecoration.to_i => 'none',
+      UnderlineDecoration.to_i => 'underline',
+      OverlineDecoration.to_i => 'overline',
+      LineThroughDecoration.to_i => 'line-through'
+    }.freeze
+    FONT_WEIGHT_NAMES = {
+      AnyWeight.to_i => 'all',
+      NormalWeight.to_i => 'normal',
+      BoldWeight.to_i => 'bold',
+      BolderWeight.to_i => 'bolder',
+      LighterWeight.to_i => 'lighter'
+    }.freeze
+    GRAVITY_NAMES = {
+      NorthWestGravity.to_i => 'northwest',
+      NorthGravity.to_i => 'north',
+      NorthEastGravity.to_i => 'northeast',
+      WestGravity.to_i => 'west',
+      CenterGravity.to_i => 'center',
+      EastGravity.to_i => 'east',
+      SouthWestGravity.to_i => 'southwest',
+      SouthGravity.to_i => 'south',
+      SouthEastGravity.to_i => 'southeast'
+    }.freeze
+    PAINT_METHOD_NAMES = {
+      PointMethod.to_i => 'point',
+      ReplaceMethod.to_i => 'replace',
+      FloodfillMethod.to_i => 'floodfill',
+      FillToBorderMethod.to_i => 'filltoborder',
+      ResetMethod.to_i => 'reset'
+    }.freeze
+    STRETCH_TYPE_NAMES = {
+      NormalStretch.to_i => 'normal',
+      UltraCondensedStretch.to_i => 'ultra-condensed',
+      ExtraCondensedStretch.to_i => 'extra-condensed',
+      CondensedStretch.to_i => 'condensed',
+      SemiCondensedStretch.to_i => 'semi-condensed',
+      SemiExpandedStretch.to_i => 'semi-expanded',
+      ExpandedStretch.to_i => 'expanded',
+      ExtraExpandedStretch.to_i => 'extra-expanded',
+      UltraExpandedStretch.to_i => 'ultra-expanded',
+      AnyStretch.to_i => 'all'
+    }.freeze
+    STYLE_TYPE_NAMES = {
+      NormalStyle.to_i => 'normal',
+      ItalicStyle.to_i => 'italic',
+      ObliqueStyle.to_i => 'oblique',
+      AnyStyle.to_i => 'all'
+    }.freeze
+
+    private
+
+    def enquote(str)
+      if str.length > 2 && /\A(?:\"[^\"]+\"|\'[^\']+\'|\{[^\}]+\})\z/.match(str)
+        str
+      else
+        '"' + str + '"'
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_opacity(opacity)
+      return if opacity.is_a?(String) && opacity['%']
+
+      value = Float(opacity)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'opacity must be >= 0 and <= 1.0' if value < 0 || value > 1.0
+    end
+
+    public
+
+    # Apply coordinate transformations to support scaling (s), rotation (r),
+    # and translation (t). Angles are specified in radians.
+    def affine(sx, rx, ry, sy, tx, ty)
+      primitive 'affine ' + sprintf('%g,%g,%g,%g,%g,%g', sx, rx, ry, sy, tx, ty)
+    end
+
+    # Set alpha (make transparent) in image according to the specified
+    # colorization rule
+    def alpha(x, y, method)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'Unknown paint method' unless PAINT_METHOD_NAMES.key?(method.to_i)
+      name = Gem::Version.new(Magick::IMAGEMAGICK_VERSION) > Gem::Version.new('7.0.0') ? 'alpha ' : 'matte '
+      primitive name + sprintf('%g,%g, %s', x, y, PAINT_METHOD_NAMES[method.to_i])
+    end
+
+    # Draw an arc.
+    def arc(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, start_degrees, end_degrees)
+      primitive 'arc ' + sprintf(
+        '%g,%g %g,%g %g,%g',
+        start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, start_degrees, end_degrees
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Draw a bezier curve.
+    def bezier(*points)
+      if points.length.zero?
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'no points specified'
+      elsif points.length.odd?
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'odd number of arguments specified'
+      end
+      primitive 'bezier ' + points.map! { |x| sprintf('%g', x) }.join(',')
+    end
+
+    # Draw a circle
+    def circle(origin_x, origin_y, perim_x, perim_y)
+      primitive 'circle ' + sprintf('%g,%g %g,%g', origin_x, origin_y, perim_x, perim_y)
+    end
+
+    # Invoke a clip-path defined by def_clip_path.
+    def clip_path(name)
+      primitive "clip-path #{name}"
+    end
+
+    # Define the clipping rule.
+    def clip_rule(rule)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown clipping rule #{rule}" unless %w[evenodd nonzero].include?(rule.downcase)
+      primitive "clip-rule #{rule}"
+    end
+
+    # Define the clip units
+    def clip_units(unit)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown clip unit #{unit}" unless %w[userspace userspaceonuse objectboundingbox].include?(unit.downcase)
+      primitive "clip-units #{unit}"
+    end
+
+    # Set color in image according to specified colorization rule. Rule is one of
+    # point, replace, floodfill, filltoborder,reset
+    def color(x, y, method)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown PaintMethod: #{method}" unless PAINT_METHOD_NAMES.key?(method.to_i)
+      primitive 'color ' + sprintf('%g,%g,%s', x, y, PAINT_METHOD_NAMES[method.to_i])
+    end
+
+    # Specify EITHER the text decoration (none, underline, overline,
+    # line-through) OR the text solid background color (any color name or spec)
+    def decorate(decoration)
+      if DECORATION_TYPE_NAMES.key?(decoration.to_i)
+        primitive "decorate #{DECORATION_TYPE_NAMES[decoration.to_i]}"
+      else
+        primitive "decorate #{enquote(decoration)}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Define a clip-path. A clip-path is a sequence of primitives
+    # bracketed by the "push clip-path <name>" and "pop clip-path"
+    # primitives. Upon advice from the IM guys, we also bracket
+    # the clip-path primitives with "push(pop) defs" and "push
+    # (pop) graphic-context".
+    def define_clip_path(name)
+      push('defs')
+      push("clip-path \"#{name}\"")
+      push('graphic-context')
+      yield
+    ensure
+      pop('graphic-context')
+      pop('clip-path')
+      pop('defs')
+    end
+
+    # Draw an ellipse
+    def ellipse(origin_x, origin_y, width, height, arc_start, arc_end)
+      primitive 'ellipse ' + sprintf(
+        '%g,%g %g,%g %g,%g',
+        origin_x, origin_y, width, height, arc_start, arc_end
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Let anything through, but the only defined argument
+    # is "UTF-8". All others are apparently ignored.
+    def encoding(encoding)
+      primitive "encoding #{encoding}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify object fill, a color name or pattern name
+    def fill(colorspec)
+      primitive "fill #{enquote(colorspec)}"
+    end
+    alias fill_color fill
+    alias fill_pattern fill
+
+    # Specify fill opacity (use "xx%" to indicate percentage)
+    def fill_opacity(opacity)
+      check_opacity(opacity)
+      primitive "fill-opacity #{opacity}"
+    end
+
+    def fill_rule(rule)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown fill rule #{rule}" unless %w[evenodd nonzero].include?(rule.downcase)
+      primitive "fill-rule #{rule}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify text drawing font
+    def font(name)
+      primitive "font \'#{name}\'"
+    end
+
+    def font_family(name)
+      primitive "font-family \'#{name}\'"
+    end
+
+    def font_stretch(stretch)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'Unknown stretch type' unless STRETCH_TYPE_NAMES.key?(stretch.to_i)
+      primitive "font-stretch #{STRETCH_TYPE_NAMES[stretch.to_i]}"
+    end
+
+    def font_style(style)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'Unknown style type' unless STYLE_TYPE_NAMES.key?(style.to_i)
+      primitive "font-style #{STYLE_TYPE_NAMES[style.to_i]}"
+    end
+
+    # The font weight argument can be either a font weight
+    # constant or [100,200,...,900]
+    def font_weight(weight)
+      if weight.is_a?(WeightType)
+        primitive "font-weight #{FONT_WEIGHT_NAMES[weight.to_i]}"
+      else
+        primitive "font-weight #{Integer(weight)}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Specify the text positioning gravity, one of:
+    # NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast
+    def gravity(grav)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'Unknown text positioning gravity' unless GRAVITY_NAMES.key?(grav.to_i)
+      primitive "gravity #{GRAVITY_NAMES[grav.to_i]}"
+    end
+
+    def image(composite, x, y, width, height, image_file_path)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'Unknown composite' unless composite.is_a?(CompositeOperator)
+      composite_name = composite.to_s.sub!('CompositeOp', '')
+      primitive 'image ' + sprintf('%s %g,%g %g,%g %s', composite_name, x, y, width, height, enquote(image_file_path))
+    end
+
+    # IM 6.5.5-8 and later
+    def interline_spacing(space)
+      begin
+        Float(space)
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'invalid value for interline_spacing'
+      rescue TypeError
+        Kernel.raise TypeError, "can't convert #{space.class} into Float"
+      end
+      primitive "interline-spacing #{space}"
+    end
+
+    # IM 6.4.8-3 and later
+    def interword_spacing(space)
+      begin
+        Float(space)
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'invalid value for interword_spacing'
+      rescue TypeError
+        Kernel.raise TypeError, "can't convert #{space.class} into Float"
+      end
+      primitive "interword-spacing #{space}"
+    end
+
+    # IM 6.4.8-3 and later
+    def kerning(space)
+      begin
+        Float(space)
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'invalid value for kerning'
+      rescue TypeError
+        Kernel.raise TypeError, "can't convert #{space.class} into Float"
+      end
+      primitive "kerning #{space}"
+    end
+
+    # Draw a line
+    def line(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y)
+      primitive 'line ' + sprintf('%g,%g %g,%g', start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y)
+    end
+
+    # Specify drawing fill and stroke opacities. If the value is a string
+    # ending with a %, the number will be multiplied by 0.01.
+    def opacity(opacity)
+      check_opacity(opacity)
+      primitive "opacity #{opacity}"
+    end
+
+    # Draw using SVG-compatible path drawing commands. Note that the
+    # primitive requires that the commands be surrounded by quotes or
+    # apostrophes. Here we simply use apostrophes.
+    def path(cmds)
+      primitive "path '" + cmds + "'"
+    end
+
+    # Define a pattern. In the block, call primitive methods to
+    # draw the pattern. Reference the pattern by using its name
+    # as the argument to the 'fill' or 'stroke' methods
+    def pattern(name, x, y, width, height)
+      push('defs')
+      push("pattern #{name} " + sprintf('%g %g %g %g', x, y, width, height))
+      push('graphic-context')
+      yield
+    ensure
+      pop('graphic-context')
+      pop('pattern')
+      pop('defs')
+    end
+
+    # Set point to fill color.
+    def point(x, y)
+      primitive 'point ' + sprintf('%g,%g', x, y)
+    end
+
+    # Specify the font size in points. Yes, the primitive is "font-size" but
+    # in other places this value is called the "pointsize". Give it both names.
+    def pointsize(points)
+      primitive 'font-size ' + sprintf('%g', points)
+    end
+    alias font_size pointsize
+
+    # Draw a polygon
+    def polygon(*points)
+      if points.length.zero?
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'no points specified'
+      elsif points.length.odd?
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'odd number of points specified'
+      end
+      primitive 'polygon ' + points.map! { |x| sprintf('%g', x) }.join(',')
+    end
+
+    # Draw a polyline
+    def polyline(*points)
+      if points.length.zero?
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'no points specified'
+      elsif points.length.odd?
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'odd number of points specified'
+      end
+      primitive 'polyline ' + points.map! { |x| sprintf('%g', x) }.join(',')
+    end
+
+    # Return to the previously-saved set of whatever
+    # pop('graphic-context') (the default if no arguments)
+    # pop('defs')
+    # pop('gradient')
+    # pop('pattern')
+
+    def pop(*what)
+      if what.length.zero?
+        primitive 'pop graphic-context'
+      else
+        # to_s allows a Symbol to be used instead of a String
+        primitive 'pop ' + what.map(&:to_s).join(' ')
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Push the current set of drawing options. Also you can use
+    # push('graphic-context') (the default if no arguments)
+    # push('defs')
+    # push('gradient')
+    # push('pattern')
+    def push(*what)
+      if what.length.zero?
+        primitive 'push graphic-context'
+      else
+        # to_s allows a Symbol to be used instead of a String
+        primitive 'push ' + what.map(&:to_s).join(' ')
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Draw a rectangle
+    def rectangle(upper_left_x, upper_left_y, lower_right_x, lower_right_y)
+      primitive 'rectangle ' + sprintf(
+        '%g,%g %g,%g',
+        upper_left_x, upper_left_y, lower_right_x, lower_right_y
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Specify coordinate space rotation. "angle" is measured in degrees
+    def rotate(angle)
+      primitive 'rotate ' + sprintf('%g', angle)
+    end
+
+    # Draw a rectangle with rounded corners
+    def roundrectangle(center_x, center_y, width, height, corner_width, corner_height)
+      primitive 'roundrectangle ' + sprintf(
+        '%g,%g,%g,%g,%g,%g',
+        center_x, center_y, width, height, corner_width, corner_height
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Specify scaling to be applied to coordinate space on subsequent drawing commands.
+    def scale(x, y)
+      primitive 'scale ' + sprintf('%g,%g', x, y)
+    end
+
+    def skewx(angle)
+      primitive 'skewX ' + sprintf('%g', angle)
+    end
+
+    def skewy(angle)
+      primitive 'skewY ' + sprintf('%g', angle)
+    end
+
+    # Specify the object stroke, a color name or pattern name.
+    def stroke(colorspec)
+      primitive "stroke #{enquote(colorspec)}"
+    end
+    alias stroke_color stroke
+    alias stroke_pattern stroke
+
+    # Specify if stroke should be antialiased or not
+    def stroke_antialias(bool)
+      bool = bool ? '1' : '0'
+      primitive "stroke-antialias #{bool}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify a stroke dash pattern
+    def stroke_dasharray(*list)
+      if list.length.zero?
+        primitive 'stroke-dasharray none'
+      else
+        list.each do |x|
+          Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "dash array elements must be > 0 (#{x} given)" if x <= 0
+        end
+        primitive "stroke-dasharray #{list.join(',')}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Specify the initial offset in the dash pattern
+    def stroke_dashoffset(value = 0)
+      primitive 'stroke-dashoffset ' + sprintf('%g', value)
+    end
+
+    def stroke_linecap(value)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown linecap type: #{value}" unless %w[butt round square].include?(value.downcase)
+      primitive "stroke-linecap #{value}"
+    end
+
+    def stroke_linejoin(value)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown linejoin type: #{value}" unless %w[round miter bevel].include?(value.downcase)
+      primitive "stroke-linejoin #{value}"
+    end
+
+    def stroke_miterlimit(value)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'miterlimit must be >= 1' if value < 1
+      primitive "stroke-miterlimit #{value}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify opacity of stroke drawing color
+    #  (use "xx%" to indicate percentage)
+    def stroke_opacity(opacity)
+      check_opacity(opacity)
+      primitive "stroke-opacity #{opacity}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify stroke (outline) width in pixels.
+    def stroke_width(pixels)
+      primitive 'stroke-width ' + sprintf('%g', pixels)
+    end
+
+    # Draw text at position x,y. Add quotes to text that is not already quoted.
+    def text(x, y, text)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'missing text argument' if text.to_s.empty?
+      if text.length > 2 && /\A(?:\"[^\"]+\"|\'[^\']+\'|\{[^\}]+\})\z/.match(text)
+      # text already quoted
+      elsif !text['\'']
+        text = '\'' + text + '\''
+      elsif !text['"']
+        text = '"' + text + '"'
+      elsif !(text['{'] || text['}'])
+        text = '{' + text + '}'
+      else
+        # escape existing braces, surround with braces
+        text = '{' + text.gsub(/[}]/) { |b| '\\' + b } + '}'
+      end
+      primitive 'text ' + sprintf('%g,%g %s', x, y, text)
+    end
+
+    # Specify text alignment relative to a given point
+    def text_align(alignment)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown alignment constant: #{alignment}" unless ALIGN_TYPE_NAMES.key?(alignment.to_i)
+      primitive "text-align #{ALIGN_TYPE_NAMES[alignment.to_i]}"
+    end
+
+    # SVG-compatible version of text_align
+    def text_anchor(anchor)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Unknown anchor constant: #{anchor}" unless ANCHOR_TYPE_NAMES.key?(anchor.to_i)
+      primitive "text-anchor #{ANCHOR_TYPE_NAMES[anchor.to_i]}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify if rendered text is to be antialiased.
+    def text_antialias(boolean)
+      boolean = boolean ? '1' : '0'
+      primitive "text-antialias #{boolean}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify color underneath text
+    def text_undercolor(color)
+      primitive "text-undercolor #{enquote(color)}"
+    end
+
+    # Specify center of coordinate space to use for subsequent drawing
+    # commands.
+    def translate(x, y)
+      primitive 'translate ' + sprintf('%g,%g', x, y)
+    end
+  end # class Magick::Draw
+
+  # Define IPTC record number:dataset tags for use with Image#get_iptc_dataset
+  module IPTC
+    module Envelope
+      Model_Version                          = '1:00'
+      Destination                            = '1:05'
+      File_Format                            = '1:20'
+      File_Format_Version                    = '1:22'
+      Service_Identifier                     = '1:30'
+      Envelope_Number                        = '1:40'
+      Product_ID                             = '1:50'
+      Envelope_Priority                      = '1:60'
+      Date_Sent                              = '1:70'
+      Time_Sent                              = '1:80'
+      Coded_Character_Set                    = '1:90'
+      UNO                                    = '1:100'
+      Unique_Name_of_Object                  = '1:100'
+      ARM_Identifier                         = '1:120'
+      ARM_Version                            = '1:122'
+    end
+
+    module Application
+      Record_Version                         = '2:00'
+      Object_Type_Reference                  = '2:03'
+      Object_Name                            = '2:05'
+      Title                                  = '2:05'
+      Edit_Status                            = '2:07'
+      Editorial_Update                       = '2:08'
+      Urgency                                = '2:10'
+      Subject_Reference                      = '2:12'
+      Category                               = '2:15'
+      Supplemental_Category                  = '2:20'
+      Fixture_Identifier                     = '2:22'
+      Keywords                               = '2:25'
+      Content_Location_Code                  = '2:26'
+      Content_Location_Name                  = '2:27'
+      Release_Date                           = '2:30'
+      Release_Time                           = '2:35'
+      Expiration_Date                        = '2:37'
+      Expiration_Time                        = '2:35'
+      Special_Instructions                   = '2:40'
+      Action_Advised                         = '2:42'
+      Reference_Service                      = '2:45'
+      Reference_Date                         = '2:47'
+      Reference_Number                       = '2:50'
+      Date_Created                           = '2:55'
+      Time_Created                           = '2:60'
+      Digital_Creation_Date                  = '2:62'
+      Digital_Creation_Time                  = '2:63'
+      Originating_Program                    = '2:65'
+      Program_Version                        = '2:70'
+      Object_Cycle                           = '2:75'
+      By_Line                                = '2:80'
+      Author                                 = '2:80'
+      By_Line_Title                          = '2:85'
+      Author_Position                        = '2:85'
+      City                                   = '2:90'
+      Sub_Location                           = '2:92'
+      Province                               = '2:95'
+      State                                  = '2:95'
+      Country_Primary_Location_Code          = '2:100'
+      Country_Primary_Location_Name          = '2:101'
+      Original_Transmission_Reference        = '2:103'
+      Headline                               = '2:105'
+      Credit                                 = '2:110'
+      Source                                 = '2:115'
+      Copyright_Notice                       = '2:116'
+      Contact                                = '2:118'
+      Abstract                               = '2:120'
+      Caption                                = '2:120'
+      Editor                                 = '2:122'
+      Caption_Writer                         = '2:122'
+      Rasterized_Caption                     = '2:125'
+      Image_Type                             = '2:130'
+      Image_Orientation                      = '2:131'
+      Language_Identifier                    = '2:135'
+      Audio_Type                             = '2:150'
+      Audio_Sampling_Rate                    = '2:151'
+      Audio_Sampling_Resolution              = '2:152'
+      Audio_Duration                         = '2:153'
+      Audio_Outcue                           = '2:154'
+      ObjectData_Preview_File_Format         = '2:200'
+      ObjectData_Preview_File_Format_Version = '2:201'
+      ObjectData_Preview_Data                = '2:202'
+    end
+
+    module Pre_ObjectData_Descriptor
+      Size_Mode                              = '7:10'
+      Max_Subfile_Size                       = '7:20'
+      ObjectData_Size_Announced              = '7:90'
+      Maximum_ObjectData_Size                = '7:95'
+    end
+
+    module ObjectData
+      Subfile                                = '8:10'
+    end
+
+    module Post_ObjectData_Descriptor
+      Confirmed_ObjectData_Size              = '9:10'
+    end
+
+    # Make all constants above immutable
+    constants.each do |record|
+      rec = const_get(record)
+      rec.constants.each { |ds| rec.const_get(ds).freeze }
+    end
+  end # module Magick::IPTC
+
+  # Ruby-level Magick::Image methods
+  class Image
+    include Comparable
+
+    alias affinity remap
+
+    # Provide an alternate version of Draw#annotate, for folks who
+    # want to find it in this class.
+    def annotate(draw, width, height, x, y, text, &block)
+      check_destroyed
+      draw.annotate(self, width, height, x, y, text, &block)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Set the color at x,y
+    def color_point(x, y, fill)
+      f = copy
+      f.pixel_color(x, y, fill)
+      f
+    end
+
+    # Set all pixels that have the same color as the pixel at x,y and
+    # are neighbors to the fill color
+    def color_floodfill(x, y, fill)
+      target = pixel_color(x, y)
+      color_flood_fill(target, fill, x, y, Magick::FloodfillMethod)
+    end
+
+    # Set all pixels that are neighbors of x,y and are not the border color
+    # to the fill color
+    def color_fill_to_border(x, y, fill)
+      color_flood_fill(border_color, fill, x, y, Magick::FillToBorderMethod)
+    end
+
+    # Set all pixels to the fill color. Very similar to Image#erase!
+    # Accepts either String or Pixel arguments
+    def color_reset!(fill)
+      save = background_color
+      # Change the background color _outside_ the begin block
+      # so that if this object is frozen the exeception will be
+      # raised before we have to handle it explicitly.
+      self.background_color = fill
+      begin
+        erase!
+      ensure
+        self.background_color = save
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Used by ImageList methods - see ImageList#cur_image
+    def cur_image
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Thanks to Russell Norris!
+    def each_pixel
+      get_pixels(0, 0, columns, rows).each_with_index do |p, n|
+        yield(p, n % columns, n / columns)
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve EXIF data by entry or all. If one or more entry names specified,
+    # return the values associated with the entries. If no entries specified,
+    # return all entries and values. The return value is an array of [name,value]
+    # arrays.
+    def get_exif_by_entry(*entry)
+      ary = []
+      if entry.length.zero?
+        exif_data = self['EXIF:*']
+        exif_data.split("\n").each { |exif| ary.push(exif.split('=')) } if exif_data
+      else
+        get_exif_by_entry # ensure properties is populated with exif data
+        entry.each do |name|
+          rval = self["EXIF:#{name}"]
+          ary.push([name, rval])
+        end
+      end
+      ary
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve EXIF data by tag number or all tag/value pairs. The return value is a hash.
+    def get_exif_by_number(*tag)
+      hash = {}
+      if tag.length.zero?
+        exif_data = self['EXIF:!']
+        if exif_data
+          exif_data.split("\n").each do |exif|
+            tag, value = exif.split('=')
+            tag = tag[1, 4].hex
+            hash[tag] = value
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        get_exif_by_number # ensure properties is populated with exif data
+        tag.each do |num|
+          rval = self[sprintf('#%04X', num.to_i)]
+          hash[num] = rval == 'unknown' ? nil : rval
+        end
+      end
+      hash
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve IPTC information by record number:dataset tag constant defined in
+    # Magick::IPTC, above.
+    def get_iptc_dataset(ds)
+      self['IPTC:' + ds]
+    end
+
+    # Iterate over IPTC record number:dataset tags, yield for each non-nil dataset
+    def each_iptc_dataset
+      Magick::IPTC.constants.each do |record|
+        rec = Magick::IPTC.const_get(record)
+        rec.constants.each do |dataset|
+          data_field = get_iptc_dataset(rec.const_get(dataset))
+          yield(dataset, data_field) unless data_field.nil?
+        end
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Patches problematic change to the order of arguments in 1.11.0.
+    # Before this release, the order was
+    #       black_point, gamma, white_point
+    # RMagick 1.11.0 changed this to
+    #       black_point, white_point, gamma
+    # This fix tries to determine if the arguments are in the old order and
+    # if so, swaps the gamma and white_point arguments.  Then it calls
+    # level2, which simply accepts the arguments as given.
+
+    # Inspect the gamma and white point values and swap them if they
+    # look like they're in the old order.
+
+    # (Thanks to Al Evans for the suggestion.)
+    def level(black_point = 0.0, white_point = nil, gamma = nil)
+      black_point = Float(black_point)
+
+      white_point ||= Magick::QuantumRange - black_point
+      white_point = Float(white_point)
+
+      gamma_arg = gamma
+      gamma ||= 1.0
+      gamma = Float(gamma)
+
+      if gamma.abs > 10.0 || white_point.abs <= 10.0 || white_point.abs < gamma.abs
+        gamma, white_point = white_point, gamma
+        white_point = Magick::QuantumRange - black_point unless gamma_arg
+      end
+
+      level2(black_point, white_point, gamma)
+    end
+
+    # These four methods are equivalent to the Draw#matte method
+    # with the "Point", "Replace", "Floodfill", "FilltoBorder", and
+    # "Replace" arguments, respectively.
+
+    # Make the pixel at (x,y) transparent.
+    def matte_point(x, y)
+      f = copy
+      f.alpha(OpaqueAlphaChannel) unless f.alpha?
+      pixel = f.pixel_color(x, y)
+      pixel.alpha = TransparentAlpha
+      f.pixel_color(x, y, pixel)
+      f
+    end
+
+    # Make transparent all pixels that are the same color as the
+    # pixel at (x, y).
+    def matte_replace(x, y)
+      f = copy
+      f.alpha(OpaqueAlphaChannel) unless f.alpha?
+      target = f.pixel_color(x, y)
+      f.transparent(target)
+    end
+
+    # Make transparent any pixel that matches the color of the pixel
+    # at (x,y) and is a neighbor.
+    def matte_floodfill(x, y)
+      f = copy
+      f.alpha(OpaqueAlphaChannel) unless f.alpha?
+      target = f.pixel_color(x, y)
+      f.matte_flood_fill(target, x, y, FloodfillMethod, alpha: TransparentAlpha)
+    end
+
+    # Make transparent any neighbor pixel that is not the border color.
+    def matte_fill_to_border(x, y)
+      f = copy
+      f.alpha(OpaqueAlphaChannel) unless f.alpha?
+      f.matte_flood_fill(border_color, x, y, FillToBorderMethod, alpha: TransparentAlpha)
+    end
+
+    # Make all pixels transparent.
+    def matte_reset!
+      alpha(TransparentAlphaChannel)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Force an image to exact dimensions without changing the aspect ratio.
+    # Resize and crop if necessary. (Thanks to Jerett Taylor!)
+    def resize_to_fill(ncols, nrows = nil, gravity = CenterGravity)
+      copy.resize_to_fill!(ncols, nrows, gravity)
+    end
+
+    def resize_to_fill!(ncols, nrows = nil, gravity = CenterGravity)
+      nrows ||= ncols
+      if ncols != columns || nrows != rows
+        scale = [ncols / columns.to_f, nrows / rows.to_f].max
+        resize!(scale * columns + 0.5, scale * rows + 0.5)
+      end
+      crop!(gravity, ncols, nrows, true) if ncols != columns || nrows != rows
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Preserve aliases used < RMagick 2.0.1
+    alias crop_resized resize_to_fill
+    alias crop_resized! resize_to_fill!
+
+    # Convenience method to resize retaining the aspect ratio.
+    # (Thanks to Robert Manni!)
+    def resize_to_fit(cols, rows = nil)
+      rows ||= cols
+      change_geometry(Geometry.new(cols, rows)) do |ncols, nrows|
+        resize(ncols, nrows)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def resize_to_fit!(cols, rows = nil)
+      rows ||= cols
+      change_geometry(Geometry.new(cols, rows)) do |ncols, nrows|
+        resize!(ncols, nrows)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Replace matching neighboring pixels with texture pixels
+    def texture_floodfill(x, y, texture)
+      target = pixel_color(x, y)
+      texture_flood_fill(target, texture, x, y, FloodfillMethod)
+    end
+
+    # Replace neighboring pixels to border color with texture pixels
+    def texture_fill_to_border(x, y, texture)
+      texture_flood_fill(border_color, texture, x, y, FillToBorderMethod)
+    end
+
+    # Construct a view. If a block is present, yield and pass the view
+    # object, otherwise return the view object.
+    def view(x, y, width, height)
+      view = View.new(self, x, y, width, height)
+
+      return view unless block_given?
+
+      begin
+        yield(view)
+      ensure
+        view.sync
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Magick::Image::View class
+    class View
+      attr_reader :x, :y, :width, :height
+      attr_accessor :dirty
+
+      def initialize(img, x, y, width, height)
+        img.check_destroyed
+        Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "invalid geometry (#{width}x#{height}+#{x}+#{y})" if width <= 0 || height <= 0
+        Kernel.raise RangeError, "geometry (#{width}x#{height}+#{x}+#{y}) exceeds image boundary" if x < 0 || y < 0 || (x + width) > img.columns || (y + height) > img.rows
+        @view = img.get_pixels(x, y, width, height)
+        @img = img
+        @x = x
+        @y = y
+        @width = width
+        @height = height
+        @dirty = false
+      end
+
+      def [](*args)
+        rows = Rows.new(@view, @width, @height, args)
+        rows.add_observer(self)
+        rows
+      end
+
+      # Store changed pixels back to image
+      def sync(force = false)
+        @img.store_pixels(x, y, width, height, @view) if @dirty || force
+        @dirty || force
+      end
+
+      # Get update from Rows - if @dirty ever becomes
+      # true, don't change it back to false!
+      def update(rows)
+        @dirty = true
+        rows.delete_observer(self) # No need to tell us again.
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Magick::Image::View::Pixels
+      # Defines channel attribute getters/setters
+      class Pixels < Array
+        include Observable
+
+        # Define a getter and a setter for each channel.
+        %i[red green blue opacity].each do |c|
+          module_eval <<-END_EVAL, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            def #{c}
+                return collect { |p| p.#{c} }
+            end
+            def #{c}=(v)
+                each { |p| p.#{c} = v }
+                changed
+                notify_observers(self)
+                nil
+            end
+          END_EVAL
+        end
+      end # class Magick::Image::View::Pixels
+
+      # Magick::Image::View::Rows
+      class Rows
+        include Observable
+
+        def initialize(view, width, height, rows)
+          @view = view
+          @width = width
+          @height = height
+          @rows = rows
+        end
+
+        def [](*args)
+          cols(args)
+
+          # Both View::Pixels and Magick::Pixel implement Observable
+          if @unique
+            pixels = @view[@rows[0] * @width + @cols[0]]
+            pixels.add_observer(self)
+          else
+            pixels = View::Pixels.new
+            each do |x|
+              p = @view[x]
+              p.add_observer(self)
+              pixels << p
+            end
+          end
+          pixels
+        end
+
+        def []=(*args)
+          rv = args.delete_at(-1) # get rvalue
+          unless rv.is_a?(Pixel) # must be a Pixel or a color name
+            begin
+              rv = Pixel.from_color(rv)
+            rescue TypeError
+              Kernel.raise TypeError, "cannot convert #{rv.class} into Pixel"
+            end
+          end
+          cols(args)
+          each { |x| @view[x] = rv.dup }
+          changed
+          notify_observers(self)
+        end
+
+        # A pixel has been modified. Tell the view.
+        def update(pixel)
+          changed
+          notify_observers(self)
+          pixel.delete_observer(self) # Don't need to hear again.
+          nil
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def cols(*args)
+          @cols = args[0] # remove the outermost array
+          @unique = false
+
+          # Convert @rows to an Enumerable object
+          case @rows.length
+          when 0                      # Create a Range for all the rows
+            @rows = Range.new(0, @height, true)
+          when 1                      # Range, Array, or a single integer
+            # if the single element is already an Enumerable
+            # object, get it.
+            if @rows.first.respond_to? :each
+              @rows = @rows.first
+            else
+              @rows = Integer(@rows.first)
+              @rows += @height if @rows < 0
+              Kernel.raise IndexError, "index [#{@rows}] out of range" if @rows < 0 || @rows > @height - 1
+              # Convert back to an array
+              @rows = Array.new(1, @rows)
+              @unique = true
+            end
+          when 2
+            # A pair of integers representing the starting column and the number of columns
+            start = Integer(@rows[0])
+            length = Integer(@rows[1])
+
+            # Negative start -> start from last row
+            start += @height if start < 0
+
+            if start > @height || start < 0 || length < 0
+              Kernel.raise IndexError, "index [#{@rows.first}] out of range"
+            elsif start + length > @height
+              length = @height - length
+              length = [length, 0].max
+            end
+            # Create a Range for the specified set of rows
+            @rows = Range.new(start, start + length, true)
+          end
+
+          case @cols.length
+          when 0 # all rows
+            @cols = Range.new(0, @width, true) # convert to range
+            @unique = false
+          when 1 # Range, Array, or a single integer
+            # if the single element is already an Enumerable
+            # object, get it.
+            if @cols.first.respond_to? :each
+              @cols = @cols.first
+              @unique = false
+            else
+              @cols = Integer(@cols.first)
+              @cols += @width if @cols < 0
+              Kernel.raise IndexError, "index [#{@cols}] out of range" if @cols < 0 || @cols > @width - 1
+              # Convert back to array
+              @cols = Array.new(1, @cols)
+              @unique &&= true
+            end
+          when 2
+            # A pair of integers representing the starting column and the number of columns
+            start = Integer(@cols[0])
+            length = Integer(@cols[1])
+
+            # Negative start -> start from last row
+            start += @width if start < 0
+
+            if start > @width || start < 0 || length < 0
+            # nop
+            elsif start + length > @width
+              length = @width - length
+              length = [length, 0].max
+            end
+            # Create a Range for the specified set of columns
+            @cols = Range.new(start, start + length, true)
+            @unique = false
+          end
+        end
+
+        # iterator called from subscript methods
+        def each
+          maxrows = @height - 1
+          maxcols = @width - 1
+
+          @rows.each do |j|
+            Kernel.raise IndexError, "index [#{j}] out of range" if j > maxrows
+            @cols.each do |i|
+              Kernel.raise IndexError, "index [#{i}] out of range" if i > maxcols
+              yield j * @width + i
+            end
+          end
+          nil # useless return value
+        end
+      end # class Magick::Image::View::Rows
+    end # class Magick::Image::View
+  end # class Magick::Image
+
+  class ImageList
+    include Comparable
+    include Enumerable
+    attr_reader :scene
+
+    private
+
+    def get_current
+      @images[@scene].__id__
+    rescue StandardError
+      nil
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def assert_image(obj)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Magick::Image required (#{obj.class} given)" unless obj.is_a? Magick::Image
+    end
+
+    # Ensure array is always an array of Magick::Image objects
+    def assert_image_array(ary)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Magick::ImageList or array of Magick::Images required (#{ary.class} given)" unless ary.respond_to? :each
+      ary.each { |obj| assert_image obj }
+    end
+
+    # Find old current image, update scene number
+    # current is the id of the old current image.
+    def set_current(current)
+      if length.zero?
+        self.scene = nil
+        return
+      # Don't bother looking for current image
+      elsif scene.nil? || scene >= length
+        self.scene = length - 1
+        return
+      elsif !current.nil?
+        # Find last instance of "current" in the list.
+        # If "current" isn't in the list, set current to last image.
+        self.scene = length - 1
+        each_with_index do |f, i|
+          self.scene = i if f.__id__ == current
+        end
+        return
+      end
+      self.scene = length - 1
+    end
+
+    public
+
+    # Allow scene to be set to nil
+    def scene=(n)
+      if n.nil?
+        Kernel.raise IndexError, 'scene number out of bounds' unless @images.length.zero?
+        @scene = nil
+        return
+      elsif @images.length.zero?
+        Kernel.raise IndexError, 'scene number out of bounds'
+      end
+
+      n = Integer(n)
+      Kernel.raise IndexError, 'scene number out of bounds' if n < 0 || n > length - 1
+      @scene = n
+    end
+
+    # All the binary operators work the same way.
+    # 'other' should be either an ImageList or an Array
+    %w[& + - |].each do |op|
+      module_eval <<-END_BINOPS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+        def #{op}(other)
+          ilist = self.class.new
+          begin
+            a = other #{op} @images
+          rescue TypeError
+            Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Magick::ImageList expected, got " + other.class.to_s
+          end
+          current = get_current()
+          a.each do |image|
+            assert_image image
+            ilist << image
+          end
+          ilist.set_current current
+          return ilist
+        end
+      END_BINOPS
+    end
+
+    def *(other)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, "Integer required (#{other.class} given)" unless other.is_a? Integer
+      current = get_current
+      ilist = self.class.new
+      (@images * other).each { |image| ilist << image }
+      ilist.set_current current
+      ilist
+    end
+
+    def <<(obj)
+      assert_image obj
+      @images << obj
+      @scene = @images.length - 1
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Compare ImageLists
+    # Compare each image in turn until the result of a comparison
+    # is not 0. If all comparisons return 0, then
+    #   return if A.scene != B.scene
+    #   return A.length <=> B.length
+    def <=>(other)
+      Kernel.raise TypeError, "#{self.class} required (#{other.class} given)" unless other.is_a? self.class
+      size = [length, other.length].min
+      size.times do |x|
+        r = self[x] <=> other[x]
+        return r unless r.zero?
+      end
+      return 0 if @scene.nil? && other.scene.nil?
+
+      Kernel.raise TypeError, "cannot convert nil into #{other.scene.class}" if @scene.nil? && !other.scene.nil?
+      Kernel.raise TypeError, "cannot convert nil into #{scene.class}" if !@scene.nil? && other.scene.nil?
+      r = scene <=> other.scene
+      return r unless r.zero?
+
+      length <=> other.length
+    end
+
+    def [](*args)
+      a = @images[*args]
+      if a.respond_to?(:each)
+        ilist = self.class.new
+        a.each { |image| ilist << image }
+        a = ilist
+      end
+      a
+    end
+
+    def []=(*args)
+      obj = @images.[]=(*args)
+      if obj && obj.respond_to?(:each)
+        assert_image_array(obj)
+        set_current obj.last.__id__
+      elsif obj
+        assert_image(obj)
+        set_current obj.__id__
+      else
+        set_current nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    %i[
+      at each each_index empty? fetch
+      first hash include? index length rindex sort!
+    ].each do |mth|
+      module_eval <<-END_SIMPLE_DELEGATES, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+        def #{mth}(*args, &block)
+          @images.#{mth}(*args, &block)
+        end
+      END_SIMPLE_DELEGATES
+    end
+    alias size length
+
+    def clear
+      @scene = nil
+      @images.clear
+    end
+
+    def clone
+      ditto = dup
+      ditto.freeze if frozen?
+      ditto
+    end
+
+    # override Enumerable#collect
+    def collect(&block)
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.map(&block)
+      ilist = self.class.new
+      a.each { |image| ilist << image }
+      ilist.set_current current
+      ilist
+    end
+
+    def collect!(&block)
+      @images.map!(&block)
+      assert_image_array @images
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Make a deep copy
+    def copy
+      ditto = self.class.new
+      @images.each { |f| ditto << f.copy }
+      ditto.scene = @scene
+      ditto
+    end
+
+    # Return the current image
+    def cur_image
+      Kernel.raise IndexError, 'no images in this list' unless @scene
+      @images[@scene]
+    end
+
+    # ImageList#map took over the "map" name. Use alternatives.
+    alias map collect
+    alias __map__ collect
+    alias map! collect!
+    alias __map__! collect!
+
+    # ImageMagic used affinity in 6.4.3, switch to remap in 6.4.4.
+    alias affinity remap
+
+    def compact
+      current = get_current
+      ilist = self.class.new
+      a = @images.compact
+      a.each { |image| ilist << image }
+      ilist.set_current current
+      ilist
+    end
+
+    def compact!
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.compact! # returns nil if no changes were made
+      set_current current
+      a.nil? ? nil : self
+    end
+
+    def concat(other)
+      assert_image_array other
+      other.each { |image| @images << image }
+      @scene = length - 1
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Set same delay for all images
+    def delay=(d)
+      raise ArgumentError, 'delay must be greater than or equal to 0' if Integer(d) < 0
+
+      @images.each { |f| f.delay = Integer(d) }
+    end
+
+    def delete(obj, &block)
+      assert_image obj
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.delete(obj, &block)
+      set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def delete_at(ndx)
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.delete_at(ndx)
+      set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def delete_if(&block)
+      current = get_current
+      @images.delete_if(&block)
+      set_current current
+      self
+    end
+
+    def dup
+      ditto = self.class.new
+      @images.each { |img| ditto << img }
+      ditto.scene = @scene
+      ditto
+    end
+
+    def eql?(other)
+      assert_image_array other
+      eql = other.eql?(@images)
+      begin # "other" is another ImageList
+        eql &&= @scene == other.scene
+      rescue NoMethodError
+        # "other" is a plain Array
+      end
+      eql
+    end
+
+    def fill(*args, &block)
+      assert_image args[0] unless block_given?
+      current = get_current
+      @images.fill(*args, &block)
+      assert_image_array self
+      set_current current
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Override Enumerable's find_all
+    def find_all(&block)
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.select(&block)
+      ilist = self.class.new
+      a.each { |image| ilist << image }
+      ilist.set_current current
+      ilist
+    end
+    alias select find_all
+
+    def from_blob(*blobs, &block)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'no blobs given' if blobs.length.zero?
+      blobs.each do |b|
+        Magick::Image.from_blob(b, &block).each { |n| @images << n }
+      end
+      @scene = length - 1
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Initialize new instances
+    def initialize(*filenames, &block)
+      @images = []
+      @scene = nil
+      filenames.each do |f|
+        Magick::Image.read(f, &block).each { |n| @images << n }
+      end
+
+      @scene = length - 1 if length > 0 # last image in array
+    end
+
+    def insert(index, *args)
+      args.each { |image| assert_image image }
+      current = get_current
+      @images.insert(index, *args)
+      set_current current
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Call inspect for all the images
+    def inspect
+      img = []
+      @images.each { |image| img << image.inspect }
+      img = '[' + img.join(",\n") + "]\nscene=#{@scene}"
+    end
+
+    # Set the number of iterations of an animated GIF
+    def iterations=(n)
+      n = Integer(n)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'iterations must be between 0 and 65535' if n < 0 || n > 65_535
+      @images.each { |f| f.iterations = n }
+    end
+
+    def last(*args)
+      if args.length.zero?
+        a = @images.last
+      else
+        a = @images.last(*args)
+        ilist = self.class.new
+        a.each { |img| ilist << img }
+        @scene = a.length - 1
+        a = ilist
+      end
+      a
+    end
+
+    # Custom marshal/unmarshal for Ruby 1.8.
+    def marshal_dump
+      ary = [@scene]
+      @images.each { |i| ary << Marshal.dump(i) }
+      ary
+    end
+
+    def marshal_load(ary)
+      @scene = ary.shift
+      @images = []
+      ary.each { |a| @images << Marshal.load(a) }
+    end
+
+    # The ImageList class supports the Magick::Image class methods by simply sending
+    # the method to the current image. If the method isn't explicitly supported,
+    # send it to the current image in the array. If there are no images, send
+    # it up the line. Catch a NameError and emit a useful message.
+    def method_missing(meth_id, *args, &block)
+      if @scene
+        @images[@scene].send(meth_id, *args, &block)
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    rescue NoMethodError
+      Kernel.raise NoMethodError, "undefined method `#{meth_id.id2name}' for #{self.class}"
+    rescue Exception
+      $ERROR_POSITION.delete_if { |s| /:in `send'$/.match(s) || /:in `method_missing'$/.match(s) }
+      Kernel.raise
+    end
+
+    # Create a new image and add it to the end
+    def new_image(cols, rows, *fill, &info_blk)
+      self << Magick::Image.new(cols, rows, *fill, &info_blk)
+    end
+
+    def partition(&block)
+      a = @images.partition(&block)
+      t = self.class.new
+      a[0].each { |img| t << img }
+      t.set_current nil
+      f = self.class.new
+      a[1].each { |img| f << img }
+      f.set_current nil
+      [t, f]
+    end
+
+    # Ping files and concatenate the new images
+    def ping(*files, &block)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'no files given' if files.length.zero?
+      files.each do |f|
+        Magick::Image.ping(f, &block).each { |n| @images << n }
+      end
+      @scene = length - 1
+      self
+    end
+
+    def pop
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.pop # can return nil
+      set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def push(*objs)
+      objs.each do |image|
+        assert_image image
+        @images << image
+      end
+      @scene = length - 1
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Read files and concatenate the new images
+    def read(*files, &block)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'no files given' if files.length.zero?
+      files.each do |f|
+        Magick::Image.read(f, &block).each { |n| @images << n }
+      end
+      @scene = length - 1
+      self
+    end
+
+    # override Enumerable's reject
+    def reject(&block)
+      current = get_current
+      ilist = self.class.new
+      a = @images.reject(&block)
+      a.each { |image| ilist << image }
+      ilist.set_current current
+      ilist
+    end
+
+    def reject!(&block)
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.reject!(&block)
+      @images = a unless a.nil?
+      set_current current
+      a.nil? ? nil : self
+    end
+
+    def replace(other)
+      assert_image_array other
+      current = get_current
+      @images.clear
+      other.each { |image| @images << image }
+      @scene = length.zero? ? nil : 0
+      set_current current
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Ensure respond_to? answers correctly when we are delegating to Image
+    alias __respond_to__? respond_to?
+    def respond_to?(meth_id, priv = false)
+      return true if __respond_to__?(meth_id, priv)
+
+      if @scene
+        @images[@scene].respond_to?(meth_id, priv)
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    def reverse
+      current = get_current
+      a = self.class.new
+      @images.reverse_each { |image| a << image }
+      a.set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def reverse!
+      current = get_current
+      @images.reverse!
+      set_current current
+      self
+    end
+
+    def reverse_each
+      @images.reverse_each { |image| yield(image) }
+      self
+    end
+
+    def shift
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.shift
+      set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def slice(*args)
+      slice = @images.slice(*args)
+      if slice
+        ilist = self.class.new
+        if slice.respond_to?(:each)
+          slice.each { |image| ilist << image }
+        else
+          ilist << slice
+        end
+      else
+        ilist = nil
+      end
+      ilist
+    end
+
+    def slice!(*args)
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.slice!(*args)
+      set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def ticks_per_second=(t)
+      Kernel.raise ArgumentError, 'ticks_per_second must be greater than or equal to 0' if Integer(t) < 0
+      @images.each { |f| f.ticks_per_second = Integer(t) }
+    end
+
+    def to_a
+      a = []
+      @images.each { |image| a << image }
+      a
+    end
+
+    def uniq
+      current = get_current
+      a = self.class.new
+      @images.uniq.each { |image| a << image }
+      a.set_current current
+      a
+    end
+
+    def uniq!(*_args)
+      current = get_current
+      a = @images.uniq!
+      set_current current
+      a.nil? ? nil : self
+    end
+
+    # @scene -> new object
+    def unshift(obj)
+      assert_image obj
+      @images.unshift(obj)
+      @scene = 0
+      self
+    end
+
+    def values_at(*args)
+      a = @images.values_at(*args)
+      a = self.class.new
+      @images.values_at(*args).each { |image| a << image }
+      a.scene = a.length - 1
+      a
+    end
+    alias indexes values_at
+    alias indices values_at
+  end # Magick::ImageList
+
+  class Pixel
+    # include Observable for Image::View class
+    include Observable
+  end
+
+  #  Collects non-specific optional method arguments
+  class OptionalMethodArguments
+    def initialize(img)
+      @img = img
+    end
+
+    # miscellaneous options like -verbose
+    def method_missing(mth, val)
+      @img.define(mth.to_s.tr('_', '-'), val)
+    end
+
+    # set(key, val) corresponds to -set option:key val
+    def define(key, val = nil)
+      @img.define(key, val)
+    end
+
+    # accepts Pixel object or color name
+    def highlight_color=(color)
+      color = @img.to_color(color) if color.respond_to?(:to_color)
+      @img.define('highlight-color', color)
+    end
+
+    # accepts Pixel object or color name
+    def lowlight_color=(color)
+      color = @img.to_color(color) if color.respond_to?(:to_color)
+      @img.define('lowlight-color', color)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Example fill class. Fills the image with the specified background
+  # color, then crosshatches with the specified crosshatch color.
+  # @dist is the number of pixels between hatch lines.
+  # See Magick::Draw examples.
+  class HatchFill
+    def initialize(bgcolor, hatchcolor = 'white', dist = 10)
+      @bgcolor = bgcolor
+      @hatchpixel = Pixel.from_color(hatchcolor)
+      @dist = dist
+    end
+
+    def fill(img) # required
+      img.background_color = @bgcolor
+      img.erase! # sets image to background color
+      pixels = Array.new([img.rows, img.columns].max, @hatchpixel)
+      @dist.step((img.columns - 1) / @dist * @dist, @dist) do |x|
+        img.store_pixels(x, 0, 1, img.rows, pixels)
+      end
+      @dist.step((img.rows - 1) / @dist * @dist, @dist) do |y|
+        img.store_pixels(0, y, img.columns, 1, pixels)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Fill class with solid monochromatic color
+  class SolidFill
+    def initialize(bgcolor)
+      @bgcolor = bgcolor
+    end
+
+    def fill(img)
+      img.background_color = @bgcolor
+      img.erase!
+    end
+  end
+end # Magick