rhodes 3.3.5 → 3.4.2

data/lib/extensions/openssl.so/ext/sources/crypto/ec/ecp_nistp224.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1658 @@
+/* crypto/ec/ecp_nistp224.c */
+/*
+ * Written by Emilia Kasper (Google) for the OpenSSL project.
+ */
+/* Copyright 2011 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * A 64-bit implementation of the NIST P-224 elliptic curve point multiplication
+ *
+ * Inspired by Daniel J. Bernstein's public domain nistp224 implementation
+ * and Adam Langley's public domain 64-bit C implementation of curve25519
+ */
+
+#include <openssl/opensslconf.h>
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128
+
+#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
+#include <stdint.h>
+#else
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include "ec_lcl.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+  /* even with gcc, the typedef won't work for 32-bit platforms */
+  typedef __uint128_t uint128_t; /* nonstandard; implemented by gcc on 64-bit platforms */
+#else
+  #error "Need GCC 3.1 or later to define type uint128_t"
+#endif
+
+typedef uint8_t u8;
+typedef uint64_t u64;
+typedef int64_t s64;
+
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/*		    INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF FIELD ELEMENTS
+ *
+ * Field elements are represented as a_0 + 2^56*a_1 + 2^112*a_2 + 2^168*a_3
+ * using 64-bit coefficients called 'limbs',
+ * and sometimes (for multiplication results) as
+ * b_0 + 2^56*b_1 + 2^112*b_2 + 2^168*b_3 + 2^224*b_4 + 2^280*b_5 + 2^336*b_6
+ * using 128-bit coefficients called 'widelimbs'.
+ * A 4-limb representation is an 'felem';
+ * a 7-widelimb representation is a 'widefelem'.
+ * Even within felems, bits of adjacent limbs overlap, and we don't always
+ * reduce the representations: we ensure that inputs to each felem
+ * multiplication satisfy a_i < 2^60, so outputs satisfy b_i < 4*2^60*2^60,
+ * and fit into a 128-bit word without overflow. The coefficients are then
+ * again partially reduced to obtain an felem satisfying a_i < 2^57.
+ * We only reduce to the unique minimal representation at the end of the
+ * computation.
+ */
+
+typedef uint64_t limb;
+typedef uint128_t widelimb;
+
+typedef limb felem[4];
+typedef widelimb widefelem[7];
+
+/* Field element represented as a byte arrary.
+ * 28*8 = 224 bits is also the group order size for the elliptic curve,
+ * and we also use this type for scalars for point multiplication.
+  */
+typedef u8 felem_bytearray[28];
+
+static const felem_bytearray nistp224_curve_params[5] = {
+	{0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,    /* p */
+	 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+	 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01},
+	{0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,    /* a */
+	 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
+	 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE},
+	{0xB4,0x05,0x0A,0x85,0x0C,0x04,0xB3,0xAB,0xF5,0x41,    /* b */
+	 0x32,0x56,0x50,0x44,0xB0,0xB7,0xD7,0xBF,0xD8,0xBA,
+	 0x27,0x0B,0x39,0x43,0x23,0x55,0xFF,0xB4},
+	{0xB7,0x0E,0x0C,0xBD,0x6B,0xB4,0xBF,0x7F,0x32,0x13,    /* x */
+	 0x90,0xB9,0x4A,0x03,0xC1,0xD3,0x56,0xC2,0x11,0x22,
+	 0x34,0x32,0x80,0xD6,0x11,0x5C,0x1D,0x21},
+	{0xbd,0x37,0x63,0x88,0xb5,0xf7,0x23,0xfb,0x4c,0x22,    /* y */
+	 0xdf,0xe6,0xcd,0x43,0x75,0xa0,0x5a,0x07,0x47,0x64,
+	 0x44,0xd5,0x81,0x99,0x85,0x00,0x7e,0x34}
+};
+
+/* Precomputed multiples of the standard generator
+ * Points are given in coordinates (X, Y, Z) where Z normally is 1
+ * (0 for the point at infinity).
+ * For each field element, slice a_0 is word 0, etc.
+ *
+ * The table has 2 * 16 elements, starting with the following:
+ * index | bits    | point
+ * ------+---------+------------------------------
+ *     0 | 0 0 0 0 | 0G
+ *     1 | 0 0 0 1 | 1G
+ *     2 | 0 0 1 0 | 2^56G
+ *     3 | 0 0 1 1 | (2^56 + 1)G
+ *     4 | 0 1 0 0 | 2^112G
+ *     5 | 0 1 0 1 | (2^112 + 1)G
+ *     6 | 0 1 1 0 | (2^112 + 2^56)G
+ *     7 | 0 1 1 1 | (2^112 + 2^56 + 1)G
+ *     8 | 1 0 0 0 | 2^168G
+ *     9 | 1 0 0 1 | (2^168 + 1)G
+ *    10 | 1 0 1 0 | (2^168 + 2^56)G
+ *    11 | 1 0 1 1 | (2^168 + 2^56 + 1)G
+ *    12 | 1 1 0 0 | (2^168 + 2^112)G
+ *    13 | 1 1 0 1 | (2^168 + 2^112 + 1)G
+ *    14 | 1 1 1 0 | (2^168 + 2^112 + 2^56)G
+ *    15 | 1 1 1 1 | (2^168 + 2^112 + 2^56 + 1)G
+ * followed by a copy of this with each element multiplied by 2^28.
+ *
+ * The reason for this is so that we can clock bits into four different
+ * locations when doing simple scalar multiplies against the base point,
+ * and then another four locations using the second 16 elements.
+ */
+static const felem gmul[2][16][3] =
+{{{{0, 0, 0, 0},
+   {0, 0, 0, 0},
+   {0, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x3280d6115c1d21, 0xc1d356c2112234, 0x7f321390b94a03, 0xb70e0cbd6bb4bf},
+   {0xd5819985007e34, 0x75a05a07476444, 0xfb4c22dfe6cd43, 0xbd376388b5f723},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xfd9675666ebbe9, 0xbca7664d40ce5e, 0x2242df8d8a2a43, 0x1f49bbb0f99bc5},
+   {0x29e0b892dc9c43, 0xece8608436e662, 0xdc858f185310d0, 0x9812dd4eb8d321},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x6d3e678d5d8eb8, 0x559eed1cb362f1, 0x16e9a3bbce8a3f, 0xeedcccd8c2a748},
+   {0xf19f90ed50266d, 0xabf2b4bf65f9df, 0x313865468fafec, 0x5cb379ba910a17},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x0641966cab26e3, 0x91fb2991fab0a0, 0xefec27a4e13a0b, 0x0499aa8a5f8ebe},
+   {0x7510407766af5d, 0x84d929610d5450, 0x81d77aae82f706, 0x6916f6d4338c5b},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xea95ac3b1f15c6, 0x086000905e82d4, 0xdd323ae4d1c8b1, 0x932b56be7685a3},
+   {0x9ef93dea25dbbf, 0x41665960f390f0, 0xfdec76dbe2a8a7, 0x523e80f019062a},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x822fdd26732c73, 0xa01c83531b5d0f, 0x363f37347c1ba4, 0xc391b45c84725c},
+   {0xbbd5e1b2d6ad24, 0xddfbcde19dfaec, 0xc393da7e222a7f, 0x1efb7890ede244},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x4c9e90ca217da1, 0xd11beca79159bb, 0xff8d33c2c98b7c, 0x2610b39409f849},
+   {0x44d1352ac64da0, 0xcdbb7b2c46b4fb, 0x966c079b753c89, 0xfe67e4e820b112},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xe28cae2df5312d, 0xc71b61d16f5c6e, 0x79b7619a3e7c4c, 0x05c73240899b47},
+   {0x9f7f6382c73e3a, 0x18615165c56bda, 0x641fab2116fd56, 0x72855882b08394},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x0469182f161c09, 0x74a98ca8d00fb5, 0xb89da93489a3e0, 0x41c98768fb0c1d},
+   {0xe5ea05fb32da81, 0x3dce9ffbca6855, 0x1cfe2d3fbf59e6, 0x0e5e03408738a7},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xdab22b2333e87f, 0x4430137a5dd2f6, 0xe03ab9f738beb8, 0xcb0c5d0dc34f24},
+   {0x764a7df0c8fda5, 0x185ba5c3fa2044, 0x9281d688bcbe50, 0xc40331df893881},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xb89530796f0f60, 0xade92bd26909a3, 0x1a0c83fb4884da, 0x1765bf22a5a984},
+   {0x772a9ee75db09e, 0x23bc6c67cec16f, 0x4c1edba8b14e2f, 0xe2a215d9611369},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x571e509fb5efb3, 0xade88696410552, 0xc8ae85fada74fe, 0x6c7e4be83bbde3},
+   {0xff9f51160f4652, 0xb47ce2495a6539, 0xa2946c53b582f4, 0x286d2db3ee9a60},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x40bbd5081a44af, 0x0995183b13926c, 0xbcefba6f47f6d0, 0x215619e9cc0057},
+   {0x8bc94d3b0df45e, 0xf11c54a3694f6f, 0x8631b93cdfe8b5, 0xe7e3f4b0982db9},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xb17048ab3e1c7b, 0xac38f36ff8a1d8, 0x1c29819435d2c6, 0xc813132f4c07e9},
+   {0x2891425503b11f, 0x08781030579fea, 0xf5426ba5cc9674, 0x1e28ebf18562bc},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x9f31997cc864eb, 0x06cd91d28b5e4c, 0xff17036691a973, 0xf1aef351497c58},
+   {0xdd1f2d600564ff, 0xdead073b1402db, 0x74a684435bd693, 0xeea7471f962558},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}}},
+ {{{0, 0, 0, 0},
+   {0, 0, 0, 0},
+   {0, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x9665266dddf554, 0x9613d78b60ef2d, 0xce27a34cdba417, 0xd35ab74d6afc31},
+   {0x85ccdd22deb15e, 0x2137e5783a6aab, 0xa141cffd8c93c6, 0x355a1830e90f2d},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x1a494eadaade65, 0xd6da4da77fe53c, 0xe7992996abec86, 0x65c3553c6090e3},
+   {0xfa610b1fb09346, 0xf1c6540b8a4aaf, 0xc51a13ccd3cbab, 0x02995b1b18c28a},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x7874568e7295ef, 0x86b419fbe38d04, 0xdc0690a7550d9a, 0xd3966a44beac33},
+   {0x2b7280ec29132f, 0xbeaa3b6a032df3, 0xdc7dd88ae41200, 0xd25e2513e3a100},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x924857eb2efafd, 0xac2bce41223190, 0x8edaa1445553fc, 0x825800fd3562d5},
+   {0x8d79148ea96621, 0x23a01c3dd9ed8d, 0xaf8b219f9416b5, 0xd8db0cc277daea},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x76a9c3b1a700f0, 0xe9acd29bc7e691, 0x69212d1a6b0327, 0x6322e97fe154be},
+   {0x469fc5465d62aa, 0x8d41ed18883b05, 0x1f8eae66c52b88, 0xe4fcbe9325be51},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x825fdf583cac16, 0x020b857c7b023a, 0x683c17744b0165, 0x14ffd0a2daf2f1},
+   {0x323b36184218f9, 0x4944ec4e3b47d4, 0xc15b3080841acf, 0x0bced4b01a28bb},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x92ac22230df5c4, 0x52f33b4063eda8, 0xcb3f19870c0c93, 0x40064f2ba65233},
+   {0xfe16f0924f8992, 0x012da25af5b517, 0x1a57bb24f723a6, 0x06f8bc76760def},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x4a7084f7817cb9, 0xbcab0738ee9a78, 0x3ec11e11d9c326, 0xdc0fe90e0f1aae},
+   {0xcf639ea5f98390, 0x5c350aa22ffb74, 0x9afae98a4047b7, 0x956ec2d617fc45},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x4306d648c1be6a, 0x9247cd8bc9a462, 0xf5595e377d2f2e, 0xbd1c3caff1a52e},
+   {0x045e14472409d0, 0x29f3e17078f773, 0x745a602b2d4f7d, 0x191837685cdfbb},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x5b6ee254a8cb79, 0x4953433f5e7026, 0xe21faeb1d1def4, 0xc4c225785c09de},
+   {0x307ce7bba1e518, 0x31b125b1036db8, 0x47e91868839e8f, 0xc765866e33b9f3},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x3bfece24f96906, 0x4794da641e5093, 0xde5df64f95db26, 0x297ecd89714b05},
+   {0x701bd3ebb2c3aa, 0x7073b4f53cb1d5, 0x13c5665658af16, 0x9895089d66fe58},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0x0fef05f78c4790, 0x2d773633b05d2e, 0x94229c3a951c94, 0xbbbd70df4911bb},
+   {0xb2c6963d2c1168, 0x105f47a72b0d73, 0x9fdf6111614080, 0x7b7e94b39e67b0},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xad1a7d6efbe2b3, 0xf012482c0da69d, 0x6b3bdf12438345, 0x40d7558d7aa4d9},
+   {0x8a09fffb5c6d3d, 0x9a356e5d9ffd38, 0x5973f15f4f9b1c, 0xdcd5f59f63c3ea},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xacf39f4c5ca7ab, 0x4c8071cc5fd737, 0xc64e3602cd1184, 0x0acd4644c9abba},
+   {0x6c011a36d8bf6e, 0xfecd87ba24e32a, 0x19f6f56574fad8, 0x050b204ced9405},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}},
+  {{0xed4f1cae7d9a96, 0x5ceef7ad94c40a, 0x778e4a3bf3ef9b, 0x7405783dc3b55e},
+   {0x32477c61b6e8c6, 0xb46a97570f018b, 0x91176d0a7e95d1, 0x3df90fbc4c7d0e},
+   {1, 0, 0, 0}}}};
+
+/* Precomputation for the group generator. */
+typedef struct {
+	felem g_pre_comp[2][16][3];
+	int references;
+} NISTP224_PRE_COMP;
+
+const EC_METHOD *EC_GFp_nistp224_method(void)
+	{
+	static const EC_METHOD ret = {
+		EC_FLAGS_DEFAULT_OCT,
+		NID_X9_62_prime_field,
+		ec_GFp_nistp224_group_init,
+		ec_GFp_simple_group_finish,
+		ec_GFp_simple_group_clear_finish,
+		ec_GFp_nist_group_copy,
+		ec_GFp_nistp224_group_set_curve,
+		ec_GFp_simple_group_get_curve,
+		ec_GFp_simple_group_get_degree,
+		ec_GFp_simple_group_check_discriminant,
+		ec_GFp_simple_point_init,
+		ec_GFp_simple_point_finish,
+		ec_GFp_simple_point_clear_finish,
+		ec_GFp_simple_point_copy,
+		ec_GFp_simple_point_set_to_infinity,
+		ec_GFp_simple_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp,
+		ec_GFp_simple_get_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp,
+		ec_GFp_simple_point_set_affine_coordinates,
+		ec_GFp_nistp224_point_get_affine_coordinates,
+		0 /* point_set_compressed_coordinates */,
+		0 /* point2oct */,
+		0 /* oct2point */,
+		ec_GFp_simple_add,
+		ec_GFp_simple_dbl,
+		ec_GFp_simple_invert,
+		ec_GFp_simple_is_at_infinity,
+		ec_GFp_simple_is_on_curve,
+		ec_GFp_simple_cmp,
+		ec_GFp_simple_make_affine,
+		ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine,
+		ec_GFp_nistp224_points_mul,
+		ec_GFp_nistp224_precompute_mult,
+		ec_GFp_nistp224_have_precompute_mult,
+		ec_GFp_nist_field_mul,
+		ec_GFp_nist_field_sqr,
+		0 /* field_div */,
+		0 /* field_encode */,
+		0 /* field_decode */,
+		0 /* field_set_to_one */ };
+
+	return &ret;
+	}
+
+/* Helper functions to convert field elements to/from internal representation */
+static void bin28_to_felem(felem out, const u8 in[28])
+	{
+	out[0] = *((const uint64_t *)(in)) & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	out[1] = (*((const uint64_t *)(in+7))) & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	out[2] = (*((const uint64_t *)(in+14))) & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	out[3] = (*((const uint64_t *)(in+21))) & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	}
+
+static void felem_to_bin28(u8 out[28], const felem in)
+	{
+	unsigned i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
+		{
+		out[i]	  = in[0]>>(8*i);
+		out[i+7]  = in[1]>>(8*i);
+		out[i+14] = in[2]>>(8*i);
+		out[i+21] = in[3]>>(8*i);
+		}
+	}
+
+/* To preserve endianness when using BN_bn2bin and BN_bin2bn */
+static void flip_endian(u8 *out, const u8 *in, unsigned len)
+	{
+	unsigned i;
+	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+		out[i] = in[len-1-i];
+	}
+
+/* From OpenSSL BIGNUM to internal representation */
+static int BN_to_felem(felem out, const BIGNUM *bn)
+	{
+	felem_bytearray b_in;
+	felem_bytearray b_out;
+	unsigned num_bytes;
+
+	/* BN_bn2bin eats leading zeroes */
+	memset(b_out, 0, sizeof b_out);
+	num_bytes = BN_num_bytes(bn);
+	if (num_bytes > sizeof b_out)
+		{
+		ECerr(EC_F_BN_TO_FELEM, EC_R_BIGNUM_OUT_OF_RANGE);
+		return 0;
+		}
+	if (BN_is_negative(bn))
+		{
+		ECerr(EC_F_BN_TO_FELEM, EC_R_BIGNUM_OUT_OF_RANGE);
+		return 0;
+		}
+	num_bytes = BN_bn2bin(bn, b_in);
+	flip_endian(b_out, b_in, num_bytes);
+	bin28_to_felem(out, b_out);
+	return 1;
+	}
+
+/* From internal representation to OpenSSL BIGNUM */
+static BIGNUM *felem_to_BN(BIGNUM *out, const felem in)
+	{
+	felem_bytearray b_in, b_out;
+	felem_to_bin28(b_in, in);
+	flip_endian(b_out, b_in, sizeof b_out);
+	return BN_bin2bn(b_out, sizeof b_out, out);
+	}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/*				FIELD OPERATIONS
+ *
+ * Field operations, using the internal representation of field elements.
+ * NB! These operations are specific to our point multiplication and cannot be
+ * expected to be correct in general - e.g., multiplication with a large scalar
+ * will cause an overflow.
+ *
+ */
+
+static void felem_one(felem out)
+	{
+	out[0] = 1;
+	out[1] = 0;
+	out[2] = 0;
+	out[3] = 0;
+	}
+
+static void felem_assign(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	out[0] = in[0];
+	out[1] = in[1];
+	out[2] = in[2];
+	out[3] = in[3];
+	}
+
+/* Sum two field elements: out += in */
+static void felem_sum(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	out[0] += in[0];
+	out[1] += in[1];
+	out[2] += in[2];
+	out[3] += in[3];
+	}
+
+/* Get negative value: out = -in */
+/* Assumes in[i] < 2^57 */
+static void felem_neg(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	static const limb two58p2 = (((limb) 1) << 58) + (((limb) 1) << 2);
+	static const limb two58m2 = (((limb) 1) << 58) - (((limb) 1) << 2);
+	static const limb two58m42m2 = (((limb) 1) << 58) -
+	    (((limb) 1) << 42) - (((limb) 1) << 2);
+
+	/* Set to 0 mod 2^224-2^96+1 to ensure out > in */
+	out[0] = two58p2 - in[0];
+	out[1] = two58m42m2 - in[1];
+	out[2] = two58m2 - in[2];
+	out[3] = two58m2 - in[3];
+	}
+
+/* Subtract field elements: out -= in */
+/* Assumes in[i] < 2^57 */
+static void felem_diff(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	static const limb two58p2 = (((limb) 1) << 58) + (((limb) 1) << 2);
+	static const limb two58m2 = (((limb) 1) << 58) - (((limb) 1) << 2);
+	static const limb two58m42m2 = (((limb) 1) << 58) -
+	    (((limb) 1) << 42) - (((limb) 1) << 2);
+
+	/* Add 0 mod 2^224-2^96+1 to ensure out > in */
+	out[0] += two58p2;
+	out[1] += two58m42m2;
+	out[2] += two58m2;
+	out[3] += two58m2;
+
+	out[0] -= in[0];
+	out[1] -= in[1];
+	out[2] -= in[2];
+	out[3] -= in[3];
+	}
+
+/* Subtract in unreduced 128-bit mode: out -= in */
+/* Assumes in[i] < 2^119 */
+static void widefelem_diff(widefelem out, const widefelem in)
+	{
+	static const widelimb two120 = ((widelimb) 1) << 120;
+	static const widelimb two120m64 = (((widelimb) 1) << 120) -
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 64);
+	static const widelimb two120m104m64 = (((widelimb) 1) << 120) -
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 104) - (((widelimb) 1) << 64);
+
+	/* Add 0 mod 2^224-2^96+1 to ensure out > in */
+	out[0] += two120;
+	out[1] += two120m64;
+	out[2] += two120m64;
+	out[3] += two120;
+	out[4] += two120m104m64;
+	out[5] += two120m64;
+	out[6] += two120m64;
+
+	out[0] -= in[0];
+	out[1] -= in[1];
+	out[2] -= in[2];
+	out[3] -= in[3];
+	out[4] -= in[4];
+	out[5] -= in[5];
+	out[6] -= in[6];
+	}
+
+/* Subtract in mixed mode: out128 -= in64 */
+/* in[i] < 2^63 */
+static void felem_diff_128_64(widefelem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	static const widelimb two64p8 = (((widelimb) 1) << 64) +
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 8);
+	static const widelimb two64m8 = (((widelimb) 1) << 64) -
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 8);
+	static const widelimb two64m48m8 = (((widelimb) 1) << 64) -
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 48) - (((widelimb) 1) << 8);
+
+	/* Add 0 mod 2^224-2^96+1 to ensure out > in */
+	out[0] += two64p8;
+	out[1] += two64m48m8;
+	out[2] += two64m8;
+	out[3] += two64m8;
+
+	out[0] -= in[0];
+	out[1] -= in[1];
+	out[2] -= in[2];
+	out[3] -= in[3];
+	}
+
+/* Multiply a field element by a scalar: out = out * scalar
+ * The scalars we actually use are small, so results fit without overflow */
+static void felem_scalar(felem out, const limb scalar)
+	{
+	out[0] *= scalar;
+	out[1] *= scalar;
+	out[2] *= scalar;
+	out[3] *= scalar;
+	}
+
+/* Multiply an unreduced field element by a scalar: out = out * scalar
+ * The scalars we actually use are small, so results fit without overflow */
+static void widefelem_scalar(widefelem out, const widelimb scalar)
+	{
+	out[0] *= scalar;
+	out[1] *= scalar;
+	out[2] *= scalar;
+	out[3] *= scalar;
+	out[4] *= scalar;
+	out[5] *= scalar;
+	out[6] *= scalar;
+	}
+
+/* Square a field element: out = in^2 */
+static void felem_square(widefelem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	limb tmp0, tmp1, tmp2;
+	tmp0 = 2 * in[0]; tmp1 = 2 * in[1]; tmp2 = 2 * in[2];
+	out[0] = ((widelimb) in[0]) * in[0];
+	out[1] = ((widelimb) in[0]) * tmp1;
+	out[2] = ((widelimb) in[0]) * tmp2 + ((widelimb) in[1]) * in[1];
+	out[3] = ((widelimb) in[3]) * tmp0 +
+		((widelimb) in[1]) * tmp2;
+	out[4] = ((widelimb) in[3]) * tmp1 + ((widelimb) in[2]) * in[2];
+	out[5] = ((widelimb) in[3]) * tmp2;
+	out[6] = ((widelimb) in[3]) * in[3];
+	}
+
+/* Multiply two field elements: out = in1 * in2 */
+static void felem_mul(widefelem out, const felem in1, const felem in2)
+	{
+	out[0] = ((widelimb) in1[0]) * in2[0];
+	out[1] = ((widelimb) in1[0]) * in2[1] + ((widelimb) in1[1]) * in2[0];
+	out[2] = ((widelimb) in1[0]) * in2[2] + ((widelimb) in1[1]) * in2[1] +
+		((widelimb) in1[2]) * in2[0];
+	out[3] = ((widelimb) in1[0]) * in2[3] + ((widelimb) in1[1]) * in2[2] +
+		((widelimb) in1[2]) * in2[1] + ((widelimb) in1[3]) * in2[0];
+	out[4] = ((widelimb) in1[1]) * in2[3] + ((widelimb) in1[2]) * in2[2] +
+		((widelimb) in1[3]) * in2[1];
+	out[5] = ((widelimb) in1[2]) * in2[3] + ((widelimb) in1[3]) * in2[2];
+	out[6] = ((widelimb) in1[3]) * in2[3];
+	}
+
+/* Reduce seven 128-bit coefficients to four 64-bit coefficients.
+ * Requires in[i] < 2^126,
+ * ensures out[0] < 2^56, out[1] < 2^56, out[2] < 2^56, out[3] <= 2^56 + 2^16 */
+static void felem_reduce(felem out, const widefelem in)
+	{
+	static const widelimb two127p15 = (((widelimb) 1) << 127) +
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 15);
+	static const widelimb two127m71 = (((widelimb) 1) << 127) -
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 71);
+	static const widelimb two127m71m55 = (((widelimb) 1) << 127) -
+		(((widelimb) 1) << 71) - (((widelimb) 1) << 55);
+	widelimb output[5];
+
+	/* Add 0 mod 2^224-2^96+1 to ensure all differences are positive */
+	output[0] = in[0] + two127p15;
+	output[1] = in[1] + two127m71m55;
+	output[2] = in[2] + two127m71;
+	output[3] = in[3];
+	output[4] = in[4];
+
+	/* Eliminate in[4], in[5], in[6] */
+	output[4] += in[6] >> 16;
+	output[3] += (in[6] & 0xffff) << 40;
+	output[2] -= in[6];
+
+	output[3] += in[5] >> 16;
+	output[2] += (in[5] & 0xffff) << 40;
+	output[1] -= in[5];
+
+	output[2] += output[4] >> 16;
+	output[1] += (output[4] & 0xffff) << 40;
+	output[0] -= output[4];
+
+	/* Carry 2 -> 3 -> 4 */
+	output[3] += output[2] >> 56;
+	output[2] &= 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+
+	output[4] = output[3] >> 56;
+	output[3] &= 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+
+	/* Now output[2] < 2^56, output[3] < 2^56, output[4] < 2^72 */
+
+	/* Eliminate output[4] */
+	output[2] += output[4] >> 16;
+	/* output[2] < 2^56 + 2^56 = 2^57 */
+	output[1] += (output[4] & 0xffff) << 40;
+	output[0] -= output[4];
+
+	/* Carry 0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 */
+	output[1] += output[0] >> 56;
+	out[0] = output[0] & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+
+	output[2] += output[1] >> 56;
+	/* output[2] < 2^57 + 2^72 */
+	out[1] = output[1] & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	output[3] += output[2] >> 56;
+	/* output[3] <= 2^56 + 2^16 */
+	out[2] = output[2] & 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+
+	/* out[0] < 2^56, out[1] < 2^56, out[2] < 2^56,
+	 * out[3] <= 2^56 + 2^16 (due to final carry),
+	 * so out < 2*p */
+	out[3] = output[3];
+	}
+
+static void felem_square_reduce(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	widefelem tmp;
+	felem_square(tmp, in);
+	felem_reduce(out, tmp);
+	}
+
+static void felem_mul_reduce(felem out, const felem in1, const felem in2)
+	{
+	widefelem tmp;
+	felem_mul(tmp, in1, in2);
+	felem_reduce(out, tmp);
+	}
+
+/* Reduce to unique minimal representation.
+ * Requires 0 <= in < 2*p (always call felem_reduce first) */
+static void felem_contract(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	static const int64_t two56 = ((limb) 1) << 56;
+	/* 0 <= in < 2*p, p = 2^224 - 2^96 + 1 */
+	/* if in > p , reduce in = in - 2^224 + 2^96 - 1 */
+	int64_t tmp[4], a;
+	tmp[0] = in[0];
+	tmp[1] = in[1];
+	tmp[2] = in[2];
+	tmp[3] = in[3];
+	/* Case 1: a = 1 iff in >= 2^224 */
+	a = (in[3] >> 56);
+	tmp[0] -= a;
+	tmp[1] += a << 40;
+	tmp[3] &= 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	/* Case 2: a = 0 iff p <= in < 2^224, i.e.,
+	 * the high 128 bits are all 1 and the lower part is non-zero */
+	a = ((in[3] & in[2] & (in[1] | 0x000000ffffffffff)) + 1) |
+		(((int64_t)(in[0] + (in[1] & 0x000000ffffffffff)) - 1) >> 63);
+	a &= 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+	/* turn a into an all-one mask (if a = 0) or an all-zero mask */
+	a = (a - 1) >> 63;
+	/* subtract 2^224 - 2^96 + 1 if a is all-one*/
+	tmp[3] &= a ^ 0xffffffffffffffff;
+	tmp[2] &= a ^ 0xffffffffffffffff;
+	tmp[1] &= (a ^ 0xffffffffffffffff) | 0x000000ffffffffff;
+	tmp[0] -= 1 & a;
+
+	/* eliminate negative coefficients: if tmp[0] is negative, tmp[1] must
+	 * be non-zero, so we only need one step */
+	a = tmp[0] >> 63;
+	tmp[0] += two56 & a;
+	tmp[1] -= 1 & a;
+
+	/* carry 1 -> 2 -> 3 */
+	tmp[2] += tmp[1] >> 56;
+	tmp[1] &= 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+
+	tmp[3] += tmp[2] >> 56;
+	tmp[2] &= 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+
+	/* Now 0 <= out < p */
+	out[0] = tmp[0];
+	out[1] = tmp[1];
+	out[2] = tmp[2];
+	out[3] = tmp[3];
+	}
+
+/* Zero-check: returns 1 if input is 0, and 0 otherwise.
+ * We know that field elements are reduced to in < 2^225,
+ * so we only need to check three cases: 0, 2^224 - 2^96 + 1,
+ * and 2^225 - 2^97 + 2 */
+static limb felem_is_zero(const felem in)
+	{
+	limb zero, two224m96p1, two225m97p2;
+
+	zero = in[0] | in[1] | in[2] | in[3];
+	zero = (((int64_t)(zero) - 1) >> 63) & 1;
+	two224m96p1 = (in[0] ^ 1) | (in[1] ^ 0x00ffff0000000000)
+		| (in[2] ^ 0x00ffffffffffffff) | (in[3] ^ 0x00ffffffffffffff);
+	two224m96p1 = (((int64_t)(two224m96p1) - 1) >> 63) & 1;
+	two225m97p2 = (in[0] ^ 2) | (in[1] ^ 0x00fffe0000000000)
+		| (in[2] ^ 0x00ffffffffffffff) | (in[3] ^ 0x01ffffffffffffff);
+	two225m97p2 = (((int64_t)(two225m97p2) - 1) >> 63) & 1;
+	return (zero | two224m96p1 | two225m97p2);
+	}
+
+static limb felem_is_zero_int(const felem in)
+	{
+	return (int) (felem_is_zero(in) & ((limb)1));
+	}
+
+/* Invert a field element */
+/* Computation chain copied from djb's code */
+static void felem_inv(felem out, const felem in)
+	{
+	felem ftmp, ftmp2, ftmp3, ftmp4;
+	widefelem tmp;
+	unsigned i;
+
+	felem_square(tmp, in); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);		/* 2 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, in, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^2 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^3 - 2 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, in, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^3 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);	/* 2^4 - 2 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);	/* 2^5 - 4 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);	/* 2^6 - 8 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp2, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^6 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);	/* 2^7 - 2 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)					/* 2^12 - 2^6 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp2, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);	/* 2^12 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp);	/* 2^13 - 2 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 11; ++i)				/* 2^24 - 2^12 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp3); felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp3, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp); /* 2^24 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp);	/* 2^25 - 2 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 23; ++i)				/* 2^48 - 2^24 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp3); felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp3, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp); /* 2^48 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp3); felem_reduce(ftmp4, tmp);	/* 2^49 - 2 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 47; ++i)				/* 2^96 - 2^48 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp4); felem_reduce(ftmp4, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp3, ftmp4); felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp); /* 2^96 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp3); felem_reduce(ftmp4, tmp);	/* 2^97 - 2 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 23; ++i)				/* 2^120 - 2^24 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp4); felem_reduce(ftmp4, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp2, ftmp4); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp); /* 2^120 - 1 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i)					/* 2^126 - 2^6 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp2); felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp2, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^126 - 1 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^127 - 2 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, in); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);	/* 2^127 - 1 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 97; ++i)				/* 2^224 - 2^97 */
+		{
+		felem_square(tmp, ftmp); felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, ftmp3); felem_reduce(out, tmp);	/* 2^224 - 2^96 - 1 */
+	}
+
+/* Copy in constant time:
+ * if icopy == 1, copy in to out,
+ * if icopy == 0, copy out to itself. */
+static void
+copy_conditional(felem out, const felem in, limb icopy)
+	{
+	unsigned i;
+	/* icopy is a (64-bit) 0 or 1, so copy is either all-zero or all-one */
+	const limb copy = -icopy;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+		{
+		const limb tmp = copy & (in[i] ^ out[i]);
+		out[i] ^= tmp;
+		}
+	}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/*			 ELLIPTIC CURVE POINT OPERATIONS
+ *
+ * Points are represented in Jacobian projective coordinates:
+ * (X, Y, Z) corresponds to the affine point (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3),
+ * or to the point at infinity if Z == 0.
+ *
+ */
+
+/* Double an elliptic curve point:
+ * (X', Y', Z') = 2 * (X, Y, Z), where
+ * X' = (3 * (X - Z^2) * (X + Z^2))^2 - 8 * X * Y^2
+ * Y' = 3 * (X - Z^2) * (X + Z^2) * (4 * X * Y^2 - X') - 8 * Y^2
+ * Z' = (Y + Z)^2 - Y^2 - Z^2 = 2 * Y * Z
+ * Outputs can equal corresponding inputs, i.e., x_out == x_in is allowed,
+ * while x_out == y_in is not (maybe this works, but it's not tested). */
+static void
+point_double(felem x_out, felem y_out, felem z_out,
+             const felem x_in, const felem y_in, const felem z_in)
+	{
+	widefelem tmp, tmp2;
+	felem delta, gamma, beta, alpha, ftmp, ftmp2;
+
+	felem_assign(ftmp, x_in);
+	felem_assign(ftmp2, x_in);
+
+	/* delta = z^2 */
+	felem_square(tmp, z_in);
+	felem_reduce(delta, tmp);
+
+	/* gamma = y^2 */
+	felem_square(tmp, y_in);
+	felem_reduce(gamma, tmp);
+
+	/* beta = x*gamma */
+	felem_mul(tmp, x_in, gamma);
+	felem_reduce(beta, tmp);
+
+	/* alpha = 3*(x-delta)*(x+delta) */
+	felem_diff(ftmp, delta);
+	/* ftmp[i] < 2^57 + 2^58 + 2 < 2^59 */
+	felem_sum(ftmp2, delta);
+	/* ftmp2[i] < 2^57 + 2^57 = 2^58 */
+	felem_scalar(ftmp2, 3);
+	/* ftmp2[i] < 3 * 2^58 < 2^60 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, ftmp2);
+	/* tmp[i] < 2^60 * 2^59 * 4 = 2^121 */
+	felem_reduce(alpha, tmp);
+
+	/* x' = alpha^2 - 8*beta */
+	felem_square(tmp, alpha);
+	/* tmp[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^57 = 2^116 */
+	felem_assign(ftmp, beta);
+	felem_scalar(ftmp, 8);
+	/* ftmp[i] < 8 * 2^57 = 2^60 */
+	felem_diff_128_64(tmp, ftmp);
+	/* tmp[i] < 2^116 + 2^64 + 8 < 2^117 */
+	felem_reduce(x_out, tmp);
+
+	/* z' = (y + z)^2 - gamma - delta */
+	felem_sum(delta, gamma);
+	/* delta[i] < 2^57 + 2^57 = 2^58 */
+	felem_assign(ftmp, y_in);
+	felem_sum(ftmp, z_in);
+	/* ftmp[i] < 2^57 + 2^57 = 2^58 */
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp);
+	/* tmp[i] < 4 * 2^58 * 2^58 = 2^118 */
+	felem_diff_128_64(tmp, delta);
+	/* tmp[i] < 2^118 + 2^64 + 8 < 2^119 */
+	felem_reduce(z_out, tmp);
+
+	/* y' = alpha*(4*beta - x') - 8*gamma^2 */
+	felem_scalar(beta, 4);
+	/* beta[i] < 4 * 2^57 = 2^59 */
+	felem_diff(beta, x_out);
+	/* beta[i] < 2^59 + 2^58 + 2 < 2^60 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, alpha, beta);
+	/* tmp[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^60 = 2^119 */
+	felem_square(tmp2, gamma);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^57 = 2^116 */
+	widefelem_scalar(tmp2, 8);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 8 * 2^116 = 2^119 */
+	widefelem_diff(tmp, tmp2);
+	/* tmp[i] < 2^119 + 2^120 < 2^121 */
+	felem_reduce(y_out, tmp);
+	}
+
+/* Add two elliptic curve points:
+ * (X_1, Y_1, Z_1) + (X_2, Y_2, Z_2) = (X_3, Y_3, Z_3), where
+ * X_3 = (Z_1^3 * Y_2 - Z_2^3 * Y_1)^2 - (Z_1^2 * X_2 - Z_2^2 * X_1)^3 -
+ * 2 * Z_2^2 * X_1 * (Z_1^2 * X_2 - Z_2^2 * X_1)^2
+ * Y_3 = (Z_1^3 * Y_2 - Z_2^3 * Y_1) * (Z_2^2 * X_1 * (Z_1^2 * X_2 - Z_2^2 * X_1)^2 - X_3) -
+ *        Z_2^3 * Y_1 * (Z_1^2 * X_2 - Z_2^2 * X_1)^3
+ * Z_3 = (Z_1^2 * X_2 - Z_2^2 * X_1) * (Z_1 * Z_2)
+ *
+ * This runs faster if 'mixed' is set, which requires Z_2 = 1 or Z_2 = 0.
+ */
+
+/* This function is not entirely constant-time:
+ * it includes a branch for checking whether the two input points are equal,
+ * (while not equal to the point at infinity).
+ * This case never happens during single point multiplication,
+ * so there is no timing leak for ECDH or ECDSA signing. */
+static void point_add(felem x3, felem y3, felem z3,
+	const felem x1, const felem y1, const felem z1,
+	const int mixed, const felem x2, const felem y2, const felem z2)
+	{
+	felem ftmp, ftmp2, ftmp3, ftmp4, ftmp5, x_out, y_out, z_out;
+	widefelem tmp, tmp2;
+	limb z1_is_zero, z2_is_zero, x_equal, y_equal;
+
+	if (!mixed)
+		{
+		/* ftmp2 = z2^2 */
+		felem_square(tmp, z2);
+		felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);
+
+		/* ftmp4 = z2^3 */
+		felem_mul(tmp, ftmp2, z2);
+		felem_reduce(ftmp4, tmp);
+
+		/* ftmp4 = z2^3*y1 */
+		felem_mul(tmp2, ftmp4, y1);
+		felem_reduce(ftmp4, tmp2);
+
+		/* ftmp2 = z2^2*x1 */
+		felem_mul(tmp2, ftmp2, x1);
+		felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp2);
+		}
+	else
+		{
+		/* We'll assume z2 = 1 (special case z2 = 0 is handled later) */
+
+		/* ftmp4 = z2^3*y1 */
+		felem_assign(ftmp4, y1);
+
+		/* ftmp2 = z2^2*x1 */
+		felem_assign(ftmp2, x1);
+		}
+
+	/* ftmp = z1^2 */
+	felem_square(tmp, z1);
+	felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);
+
+	/* ftmp3 = z1^3 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, z1);
+	felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp);
+
+	/* tmp = z1^3*y2 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp3, y2);
+	/* tmp[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^57 = 2^116 */
+
+	/* ftmp3 = z1^3*y2 - z2^3*y1 */
+	felem_diff_128_64(tmp, ftmp4);
+	/* tmp[i] < 2^116 + 2^64 + 8 < 2^117 */
+	felem_reduce(ftmp3, tmp);
+
+	/* tmp = z1^2*x2 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, x2);
+	/* tmp[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^57 = 2^116 */
+
+	/* ftmp = z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1 */
+	felem_diff_128_64(tmp, ftmp2);
+	/* tmp[i] < 2^116 + 2^64 + 8 < 2^117 */
+	felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);
+
+	/* the formulae are incorrect if the points are equal
+	 * so we check for this and do doubling if this happens */
+	x_equal = felem_is_zero(ftmp);
+	y_equal = felem_is_zero(ftmp3);
+	z1_is_zero = felem_is_zero(z1);
+	z2_is_zero = felem_is_zero(z2);
+	/* In affine coordinates, (X_1, Y_1) == (X_2, Y_2) */
+	if (x_equal && y_equal && !z1_is_zero && !z2_is_zero)
+		{
+		point_double(x3, y3, z3, x1, y1, z1);
+		return;
+		}
+
+	/* ftmp5 = z1*z2 */
+	if (!mixed)
+		{
+		felem_mul(tmp, z1, z2);
+		felem_reduce(ftmp5, tmp);
+		}
+	else
+		{
+		/* special case z2 = 0 is handled later */
+		felem_assign(ftmp5, z1);
+		}
+
+	/* z_out = (z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)*(z1*z2) */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, ftmp5);
+	felem_reduce(z_out, tmp);
+
+	/* ftmp = (z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 */
+	felem_assign(ftmp5, ftmp);
+	felem_square(tmp, ftmp);
+	felem_reduce(ftmp, tmp);
+
+	/* ftmp5 = (z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^3 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp, ftmp5);
+	felem_reduce(ftmp5, tmp);
+
+	/* ftmp2 = z2^2*x1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp2, ftmp);
+	felem_reduce(ftmp2, tmp);
+
+	/* tmp = z2^3*y1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^3 */
+	felem_mul(tmp, ftmp4, ftmp5);
+	/* tmp[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^57 = 2^116 */
+
+	/* tmp2 = (z1^3*y2 - z2^3*y1)^2 */
+	felem_square(tmp2, ftmp3);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^57 < 2^116 */
+
+	/* tmp2 = (z1^3*y2 - z2^3*y1)^2 - (z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^3 */
+	felem_diff_128_64(tmp2, ftmp5);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 2^116 + 2^64 + 8 < 2^117 */
+
+	/* ftmp5 = 2*z2^2*x1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 */
+	felem_assign(ftmp5, ftmp2);
+	felem_scalar(ftmp5, 2);
+	/* ftmp5[i] < 2 * 2^57 = 2^58 */
+
+	/* x_out = (z1^3*y2 - z2^3*y1)^2 - (z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^3 -
+	   2*z2^2*x1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 */
+	felem_diff_128_64(tmp2, ftmp5);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 2^117 + 2^64 + 8 < 2^118 */
+	felem_reduce(x_out, tmp2);
+
+	/* ftmp2 = z2^2*x1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 - x_out */
+	felem_diff(ftmp2, x_out);
+	/* ftmp2[i] < 2^57 + 2^58 + 2 < 2^59 */
+
+	/* tmp2 = (z1^3*y2 - z2^3*y1)*(z2^2*x1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 - x_out) */
+	felem_mul(tmp2, ftmp3, ftmp2);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 4 * 2^57 * 2^59 = 2^118 */
+
+	/* y_out = (z1^3*y2 - z2^3*y1)*(z2^2*x1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^2 - x_out) -
+	   z2^3*y1*(z1^2*x2 - z2^2*x1)^3 */
+	widefelem_diff(tmp2, tmp);
+	/* tmp2[i] < 2^118 + 2^120 < 2^121 */
+	felem_reduce(y_out, tmp2);
+
+	/* the result (x_out, y_out, z_out) is incorrect if one of the inputs is
+	 * the point at infinity, so we need to check for this separately */
+
+	/* if point 1 is at infinity, copy point 2 to output, and vice versa */
+	copy_conditional(x_out, x2, z1_is_zero);
+	copy_conditional(x_out, x1, z2_is_zero);
+	copy_conditional(y_out, y2, z1_is_zero);
+	copy_conditional(y_out, y1, z2_is_zero);
+	copy_conditional(z_out, z2, z1_is_zero);
+	copy_conditional(z_out, z1, z2_is_zero);
+	felem_assign(x3, x_out);
+	felem_assign(y3, y_out);
+	felem_assign(z3, z_out);
+	}
+
+/* select_point selects the |idx|th point from a precomputation table and
+ * copies it to out. */
+static void select_point(const u64 idx, unsigned int size, const felem pre_comp[/*size*/][3], felem out[3])
+	{
+	unsigned i, j;
+	limb *outlimbs = &out[0][0];
+	memset(outlimbs, 0, 3 * sizeof(felem));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
+		{
+		const limb *inlimbs = &pre_comp[i][0][0];
+		u64 mask = i ^ idx;
+		mask |= mask >> 4;
+		mask |= mask >> 2;
+		mask |= mask >> 1;
+		mask &= 1;
+		mask--;
+		for (j = 0; j < 4 * 3; j++)
+			outlimbs[j] |= inlimbs[j] & mask;
+		}
+	}
+
+/* get_bit returns the |i|th bit in |in| */
+static char get_bit(const felem_bytearray in, unsigned i)
+	{
+	if (i >= 224)
+		return 0;
+	return (in[i >> 3] >> (i & 7)) & 1;
+	}
+
+/* Interleaved point multiplication using precomputed point multiples:
+ * The small point multiples 0*P, 1*P, ..., 16*P are in pre_comp[],
+ * the scalars in scalars[]. If g_scalar is non-NULL, we also add this multiple
+ * of the generator, using certain (large) precomputed multiples in g_pre_comp.
+ * Output point (X, Y, Z) is stored in x_out, y_out, z_out */
+static void batch_mul(felem x_out, felem y_out, felem z_out,
+	const felem_bytearray scalars[], const unsigned num_points, const u8 *g_scalar,
+	const int mixed, const felem pre_comp[][17][3], const felem g_pre_comp[2][16][3])
+	{
+	int i, skip;
+	unsigned num;
+	unsigned gen_mul = (g_scalar != NULL);
+	felem nq[3], tmp[4];
+	u64 bits;
+	u8 sign, digit;
+
+	/* set nq to the point at infinity */
+	memset(nq, 0, 3 * sizeof(felem));
+
+	/* Loop over all scalars msb-to-lsb, interleaving additions
+	 * of multiples of the generator (two in each of the last 28 rounds)
+	 * and additions of other points multiples (every 5th round).
+	 */
+	skip = 1; /* save two point operations in the first round */
+	for (i = (num_points ? 220 : 27); i >= 0; --i)
+		{
+		/* double */
+		if (!skip)
+			point_double(nq[0], nq[1], nq[2], nq[0], nq[1], nq[2]);
+
+		/* add multiples of the generator */
+		if (gen_mul && (i <= 27))
+			{
+			/* first, look 28 bits upwards */
+			bits = get_bit(g_scalar, i + 196) << 3;
+			bits |= get_bit(g_scalar, i + 140) << 2;
+			bits |= get_bit(g_scalar, i + 84) << 1;
+			bits |= get_bit(g_scalar, i + 28);
+			/* select the point to add, in constant time */
+			select_point(bits, 16, g_pre_comp[1], tmp);
+
+			if (!skip)
+				{
+				point_add(nq[0], nq[1], nq[2],
+					nq[0], nq[1], nq[2],
+					1 /* mixed */, tmp[0], tmp[1], tmp[2]);
+				}
+			else
+				{
+				memcpy(nq, tmp, 3 * sizeof(felem));
+				skip = 0;
+				}
+
+			/* second, look at the current position */
+			bits = get_bit(g_scalar, i + 168) << 3;
+			bits |= get_bit(g_scalar, i + 112) << 2;
+			bits |= get_bit(g_scalar, i + 56) << 1;
+			bits |= get_bit(g_scalar, i);
+			/* select the point to add, in constant time */
+			select_point(bits, 16, g_pre_comp[0], tmp);
+			point_add(nq[0], nq[1], nq[2],
+				nq[0], nq[1], nq[2],
+				1 /* mixed */, tmp[0], tmp[1], tmp[2]);
+			}
+
+		/* do other additions every 5 doublings */
+		if (num_points && (i % 5 == 0))
+			{
+			/* loop over all scalars */
+			for (num = 0; num < num_points; ++num)
+				{
+				bits = get_bit(scalars[num], i + 4) << 5;
+				bits |= get_bit(scalars[num], i + 3) << 4;
+				bits |= get_bit(scalars[num], i + 2) << 3;
+				bits |= get_bit(scalars[num], i + 1) << 2;
+				bits |= get_bit(scalars[num], i) << 1;
+				bits |= get_bit(scalars[num], i - 1);
+				ec_GFp_nistp_recode_scalar_bits(&sign, &digit, bits);
+
+				/* select the point to add or subtract */
+				select_point(digit, 17, pre_comp[num], tmp);
+				felem_neg(tmp[3], tmp[1]); /* (X, -Y, Z) is the negative point */
+				copy_conditional(tmp[1], tmp[3], sign);
+
+				if (!skip)
+					{
+					point_add(nq[0], nq[1], nq[2],
+						nq[0], nq[1], nq[2],
+						mixed, tmp[0], tmp[1], tmp[2]);
+					}
+				else
+					{
+					memcpy(nq, tmp, 3 * sizeof(felem));
+					skip = 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	felem_assign(x_out, nq[0]);
+	felem_assign(y_out, nq[1]);
+	felem_assign(z_out, nq[2]);
+	}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/*		       FUNCTIONS TO MANAGE PRECOMPUTATION
+ */
+
+static NISTP224_PRE_COMP *nistp224_pre_comp_new()
+	{
+	NISTP224_PRE_COMP *ret = NULL;
+	ret = (NISTP224_PRE_COMP *) OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof *ret);
+	if (!ret)
+		{
+		ECerr(EC_F_NISTP224_PRE_COMP_NEW, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+		return ret;
+		}
+	memset(ret->g_pre_comp, 0, sizeof(ret->g_pre_comp));
+	ret->references = 1;
+	return ret;
+	}
+
+static void *nistp224_pre_comp_dup(void *src_)
+	{
+	NISTP224_PRE_COMP *src = src_;
+
+	/* no need to actually copy, these objects never change! */
+	CRYPTO_add(&src->references, 1, CRYPTO_LOCK_EC_PRE_COMP);
+
+	return src_;
+	}
+
+static void nistp224_pre_comp_free(void *pre_)
+	{
+	int i;
+	NISTP224_PRE_COMP *pre = pre_;
+
+	if (!pre)
+		return;
+
+	i = CRYPTO_add(&pre->references, -1, CRYPTO_LOCK_EC_PRE_COMP);
+	if (i > 0)
+		return;
+
+	OPENSSL_free(pre);
+	}
+
+static void nistp224_pre_comp_clear_free(void *pre_)
+	{
+	int i;
+	NISTP224_PRE_COMP *pre = pre_;
+
+	if (!pre)
+		return;
+
+	i = CRYPTO_add(&pre->references, -1, CRYPTO_LOCK_EC_PRE_COMP);
+	if (i > 0)
+		return;
+
+	OPENSSL_cleanse(pre, sizeof *pre);
+	OPENSSL_free(pre);
+	}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+/*			   OPENSSL EC_METHOD FUNCTIONS
+ */
+
+int ec_GFp_nistp224_group_init(EC_GROUP *group)
+	{
+	int ret;
+	ret = ec_GFp_simple_group_init(group);
+	group->a_is_minus3 = 1;
+	return ret;
+	}
+
+int ec_GFp_nistp224_group_set_curve(EC_GROUP *group, const BIGNUM *p,
+	const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *b, BN_CTX *ctx)
+	{
+	int ret = 0;
+	BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
+	BIGNUM *curve_p, *curve_a, *curve_b;
+
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		if ((ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new()) == NULL) return 0;
+	BN_CTX_start(ctx);
+	if (((curve_p = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
+		((curve_a = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
+		((curve_b = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL)) goto err;
+	BN_bin2bn(nistp224_curve_params[0], sizeof(felem_bytearray), curve_p);
+	BN_bin2bn(nistp224_curve_params[1], sizeof(felem_bytearray), curve_a);
+	BN_bin2bn(nistp224_curve_params[2], sizeof(felem_bytearray), curve_b);
+	if ((BN_cmp(curve_p, p)) || (BN_cmp(curve_a, a)) ||
+		(BN_cmp(curve_b, b)))
+		{
+		ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_GROUP_SET_CURVE,
+			EC_R_WRONG_CURVE_PARAMETERS);
+		goto err;
+		}
+	group->field_mod_func = BN_nist_mod_224;
+	ret = ec_GFp_simple_group_set_curve(group, p, a, b, ctx);
+err:
+	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
+	if (new_ctx != NULL)
+		BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
+	return ret;
+	}
+
+/* Takes the Jacobian coordinates (X, Y, Z) of a point and returns
+ * (X', Y') = (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3) */
+int ec_GFp_nistp224_point_get_affine_coordinates(const EC_GROUP *group,
+	const EC_POINT *point, BIGNUM *x, BIGNUM *y, BN_CTX *ctx)
+	{
+	felem z1, z2, x_in, y_in, x_out, y_out;
+	widefelem tmp;
+
+	if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point))
+		{
+		ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINT_GET_AFFINE_COORDINATES,
+			EC_R_POINT_AT_INFINITY);
+		return 0;
+		}
+	if ((!BN_to_felem(x_in, &point->X)) || (!BN_to_felem(y_in, &point->Y)) ||
+		(!BN_to_felem(z1, &point->Z))) return 0;
+	felem_inv(z2, z1);
+	felem_square(tmp, z2); felem_reduce(z1, tmp);
+	felem_mul(tmp, x_in, z1); felem_reduce(x_in, tmp);
+	felem_contract(x_out, x_in);
+	if (x != NULL)
+		{
+		if (!felem_to_BN(x, x_out)) {
+		ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINT_GET_AFFINE_COORDINATES,
+			ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+		return 0;
+		}
+		}
+	felem_mul(tmp, z1, z2); felem_reduce(z1, tmp);
+	felem_mul(tmp, y_in, z1); felem_reduce(y_in, tmp);
+	felem_contract(y_out, y_in);
+	if (y != NULL)
+		{
+		if (!felem_to_BN(y, y_out)) {
+		ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINT_GET_AFFINE_COORDINATES,
+			ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+		return 0;
+		}
+		}
+	return 1;
+	}
+
+static void make_points_affine(size_t num, felem points[/*num*/][3], felem tmp_felems[/*num+1*/])
+	{
+	/* Runs in constant time, unless an input is the point at infinity
+	 * (which normally shouldn't happen). */
+	ec_GFp_nistp_points_make_affine_internal(
+		num,
+		points,
+		sizeof(felem),
+		tmp_felems,
+		(void (*)(void *)) felem_one,
+		(int (*)(const void *)) felem_is_zero_int,
+		(void (*)(void *, const void *)) felem_assign,
+		(void (*)(void *, const void *)) felem_square_reduce,
+		(void (*)(void *, const void *, const void *)) felem_mul_reduce,
+		(void (*)(void *, const void *)) felem_inv,
+		(void (*)(void *, const void *)) felem_contract);
+	}
+
+/* Computes scalar*generator + \sum scalars[i]*points[i], ignoring NULL values
+ * Result is stored in r (r can equal one of the inputs). */
+int ec_GFp_nistp224_points_mul(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *r,
+	const BIGNUM *scalar, size_t num, const EC_POINT *points[],
+	const BIGNUM *scalars[], BN_CTX *ctx)
+	{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int j;
+	unsigned i;
+	int mixed = 0;
+	BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
+	BIGNUM *x, *y, *z, *tmp_scalar;
+	felem_bytearray g_secret;
+	felem_bytearray *secrets = NULL;
+	felem (*pre_comp)[17][3] = NULL;
+	felem *tmp_felems = NULL;
+	felem_bytearray tmp;
+	unsigned num_bytes;
+	int have_pre_comp = 0;
+	size_t num_points = num;
+	felem x_in, y_in, z_in, x_out, y_out, z_out;
+	NISTP224_PRE_COMP *pre = NULL;
+	const felem (*g_pre_comp)[16][3] = NULL;
+	EC_POINT *generator = NULL;
+	const EC_POINT *p = NULL;
+	const BIGNUM *p_scalar = NULL;
+
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		if ((ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new()) == NULL) return 0;
+	BN_CTX_start(ctx);
+	if (((x = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
+		((y = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
+		((z = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
+		((tmp_scalar = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL))
+		goto err;
+
+	if (scalar != NULL)
+		{
+		pre = EC_EX_DATA_get_data(group->extra_data,
+			nistp224_pre_comp_dup, nistp224_pre_comp_free,
+			nistp224_pre_comp_clear_free);
+		if (pre)
+			/* we have precomputation, try to use it */
+			g_pre_comp = (const felem (*)[16][3]) pre->g_pre_comp;
+		else
+			/* try to use the standard precomputation */
+			g_pre_comp = &gmul[0];
+		generator = EC_POINT_new(group);
+		if (generator == NULL)
+			goto err;
+		/* get the generator from precomputation */
+		if (!felem_to_BN(x, g_pre_comp[0][1][0]) ||
+			!felem_to_BN(y, g_pre_comp[0][1][1]) ||
+			!felem_to_BN(z, g_pre_comp[0][1][2]))
+			{
+			ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINTS_MUL, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+			goto err;
+			}
+		if (!EC_POINT_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp(group,
+				generator, x, y, z, ctx))
+			goto err;
+		if (0 == EC_POINT_cmp(group, generator, group->generator, ctx))
+			/* precomputation matches generator */
+			have_pre_comp = 1;
+		else
+			/* we don't have valid precomputation:
+			 * treat the generator as a random point */
+			num_points = num_points + 1;
+		}
+
+	if (num_points > 0)
+		{
+		if (num_points >= 3)
+			{
+			/* unless we precompute multiples for just one or two points,
+			 * converting those into affine form is time well spent  */
+			mixed = 1;
+			}
+		secrets = OPENSSL_malloc(num_points * sizeof(felem_bytearray));
+		pre_comp = OPENSSL_malloc(num_points * 17 * 3 * sizeof(felem));
+		if (mixed)
+			tmp_felems = OPENSSL_malloc((num_points * 17 + 1) * sizeof(felem));
+		if ((secrets == NULL) || (pre_comp == NULL) || (mixed && (tmp_felems == NULL)))
+			{
+			ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINTS_MUL, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+			goto err;
+			}
+
+		/* we treat NULL scalars as 0, and NULL points as points at infinity,
+		 * i.e., they contribute nothing to the linear combination */
+		memset(secrets, 0, num_points * sizeof(felem_bytearray));
+		memset(pre_comp, 0, num_points * 17 * 3 * sizeof(felem));
+		for (i = 0; i < num_points; ++i)
+			{
+			if (i == num)
+				/* the generator */
+				{
+				p = EC_GROUP_get0_generator(group);
+				p_scalar = scalar;
+				}
+			else
+				/* the i^th point */
+				{
+				p = points[i];
+				p_scalar = scalars[i];
+				}
+			if ((p_scalar != NULL) && (p != NULL))
+				{
+				/* reduce scalar to 0 <= scalar < 2^224 */
+				if ((BN_num_bits(p_scalar) > 224) || (BN_is_negative(p_scalar)))
+					{
+					/* this is an unusual input, and we don't guarantee
+					 * constant-timeness */
+					if (!BN_nnmod(tmp_scalar, p_scalar, &group->order, ctx))
+						{
+						ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINTS_MUL, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+						goto err;
+						}
+					num_bytes = BN_bn2bin(tmp_scalar, tmp);
+					}
+				else
+					num_bytes = BN_bn2bin(p_scalar, tmp);
+				flip_endian(secrets[i], tmp, num_bytes);
+				/* precompute multiples */
+				if ((!BN_to_felem(x_out, &p->X)) ||
+					(!BN_to_felem(y_out, &p->Y)) ||
+					(!BN_to_felem(z_out, &p->Z))) goto err;
+				felem_assign(pre_comp[i][1][0], x_out);
+				felem_assign(pre_comp[i][1][1], y_out);
+				felem_assign(pre_comp[i][1][2], z_out);
+				for (j = 2; j <= 16; ++j)
+					{
+					if (j & 1)
+						{
+						point_add(
+							pre_comp[i][j][0], pre_comp[i][j][1], pre_comp[i][j][2],
+							pre_comp[i][1][0], pre_comp[i][1][1], pre_comp[i][1][2],
+							0, pre_comp[i][j-1][0], pre_comp[i][j-1][1], pre_comp[i][j-1][2]);
+						}
+					else
+						{
+						point_double(
+							pre_comp[i][j][0], pre_comp[i][j][1], pre_comp[i][j][2],
+							pre_comp[i][j/2][0], pre_comp[i][j/2][1], pre_comp[i][j/2][2]);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		if (mixed)
+			make_points_affine(num_points * 17, pre_comp[0], tmp_felems);
+		}
+
+	/* the scalar for the generator */
+	if ((scalar != NULL) && (have_pre_comp))
+		{
+		memset(g_secret, 0, sizeof g_secret);
+		/* reduce scalar to 0 <= scalar < 2^224 */
+		if ((BN_num_bits(scalar) > 224) || (BN_is_negative(scalar)))
+			{
+			/* this is an unusual input, and we don't guarantee
+			 * constant-timeness */
+			if (!BN_nnmod(tmp_scalar, scalar, &group->order, ctx))
+				{
+				ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINTS_MUL, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+				goto err;
+				}
+			num_bytes = BN_bn2bin(tmp_scalar, tmp);
+			}
+		else
+			num_bytes = BN_bn2bin(scalar, tmp);
+		flip_endian(g_secret, tmp, num_bytes);
+		/* do the multiplication with generator precomputation*/
+		batch_mul(x_out, y_out, z_out,
+			(const felem_bytearray (*)) secrets, num_points,
+			g_secret,
+			mixed, (const felem (*)[17][3]) pre_comp,
+			g_pre_comp);
+		}
+	else
+		/* do the multiplication without generator precomputation */
+		batch_mul(x_out, y_out, z_out,
+			(const felem_bytearray (*)) secrets, num_points,
+			NULL, mixed, (const felem (*)[17][3]) pre_comp, NULL);
+	/* reduce the output to its unique minimal representation */
+	felem_contract(x_in, x_out);
+	felem_contract(y_in, y_out);
+	felem_contract(z_in, z_out);
+	if ((!felem_to_BN(x, x_in)) || (!felem_to_BN(y, y_in)) ||
+		(!felem_to_BN(z, z_in)))
+		{
+		ECerr(EC_F_EC_GFP_NISTP224_POINTS_MUL, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+		goto err;
+		}
+	ret = EC_POINT_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp(group, r, x, y, z, ctx);
+
+err:
+	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
+	if (generator != NULL)
+		EC_POINT_free(generator);
+	if (new_ctx != NULL)
+		BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
+	if (secrets != NULL)
+		OPENSSL_free(secrets);
+	if (pre_comp != NULL)
+		OPENSSL_free(pre_comp);
+	if (tmp_felems != NULL)
+		OPENSSL_free(tmp_felems);
+	return ret;
+	}
+
+int ec_GFp_nistp224_precompute_mult(EC_GROUP *group, BN_CTX *ctx)
+	{
+	int ret = 0;
+	NISTP224_PRE_COMP *pre = NULL;
+	int i, j;
+	BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
+	BIGNUM *x, *y;
+	EC_POINT *generator = NULL;
+	felem tmp_felems[32];
+
+	/* throw away old precomputation */
+	EC_EX_DATA_free_data(&group->extra_data, nistp224_pre_comp_dup,
+		nistp224_pre_comp_free, nistp224_pre_comp_clear_free);
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		if ((ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new()) == NULL) return 0;
+	BN_CTX_start(ctx);
+	if (((x = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL) ||
+		((y = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL))
+		goto err;
+	/* get the generator */
+	if (group->generator == NULL) goto err;
+	generator = EC_POINT_new(group);
+	if (generator == NULL)
+		goto err;
+	BN_bin2bn(nistp224_curve_params[3], sizeof (felem_bytearray), x);
+	BN_bin2bn(nistp224_curve_params[4], sizeof (felem_bytearray), y);
+	if (!EC_POINT_set_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, generator, x, y, ctx))
+		goto err;
+	if ((pre = nistp224_pre_comp_new()) == NULL)
+		goto err;
+	/* if the generator is the standard one, use built-in precomputation */
+	if (0 == EC_POINT_cmp(group, generator, group->generator, ctx))
+		{
+		memcpy(pre->g_pre_comp, gmul, sizeof(pre->g_pre_comp));
+		ret = 1;
+		goto err;
+		}
+	if ((!BN_to_felem(pre->g_pre_comp[0][1][0], &group->generator->X)) ||
+		(!BN_to_felem(pre->g_pre_comp[0][1][1], &group->generator->Y)) ||
+		(!BN_to_felem(pre->g_pre_comp[0][1][2], &group->generator->Z)))
+		goto err;
+	/* compute 2^56*G, 2^112*G, 2^168*G for the first table,
+	 * 2^28*G, 2^84*G, 2^140*G, 2^196*G for the second one
+	 */
+	for (i = 1; i <= 8; i <<= 1)
+		{
+		point_double(
+			pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][2],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[0][i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[0][i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[0][i][2]);
+		for (j = 0; j < 27; ++j)
+			{
+			point_double(
+				pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][2],
+				pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][2]);
+			}
+		if (i == 8)
+			break;
+		point_double(
+			pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][2],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[1][i][2]);
+		for (j = 0; j < 27; ++j)
+			{
+			point_double(
+				pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][2],
+				pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][0], pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][1], pre->g_pre_comp[0][2*i][2]);
+			}
+		}
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+		{
+		/* g_pre_comp[i][0] is the point at infinity */
+		memset(pre->g_pre_comp[i][0], 0, sizeof(pre->g_pre_comp[i][0]));
+		/* the remaining multiples */
+		/* 2^56*G + 2^112*G resp. 2^84*G + 2^140*G */
+		point_add(
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][6][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][6][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][6][2], pre->g_pre_comp[i][4][0],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][4][1], pre->g_pre_comp[i][4][2],
+			0, pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][2]);
+		/* 2^56*G + 2^168*G resp. 2^84*G + 2^196*G */
+		point_add(
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][10][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][10][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][10][2], pre->g_pre_comp[i][8][0],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][8][1], pre->g_pre_comp[i][8][2],
+			0, pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][2]);
+		/* 2^112*G + 2^168*G resp. 2^140*G + 2^196*G */
+		point_add(
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][12][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][12][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][12][2], pre->g_pre_comp[i][8][0],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][8][1], pre->g_pre_comp[i][8][2],
+			0, pre->g_pre_comp[i][4][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][4][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][4][2]);
+		/* 2^56*G + 2^112*G + 2^168*G resp. 2^84*G + 2^140*G + 2^196*G */
+		point_add(
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][14][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][14][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][14][2], pre->g_pre_comp[i][12][0],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][12][1], pre->g_pre_comp[i][12][2],
+			0, pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][1],
+			pre->g_pre_comp[i][2][2]);
+		for (j = 1; j < 8; ++j)
+			{
+			/* odd multiples: add G resp. 2^28*G */
+			point_add(
+				pre->g_pre_comp[i][2*j+1][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][2*j+1][1],
+				pre->g_pre_comp[i][2*j+1][2], pre->g_pre_comp[i][2*j][0],
+				pre->g_pre_comp[i][2*j][1], pre->g_pre_comp[i][2*j][2],
+				0, pre->g_pre_comp[i][1][0], pre->g_pre_comp[i][1][1],
+				pre->g_pre_comp[i][1][2]);
+			}
+		}
+	make_points_affine(31, &(pre->g_pre_comp[0][1]), tmp_felems);
+
+	if (!EC_EX_DATA_set_data(&group->extra_data, pre, nistp224_pre_comp_dup,
+			nistp224_pre_comp_free, nistp224_pre_comp_clear_free))
+		goto err;
+	ret = 1;
+	pre = NULL;
+ err:
+	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
+	if (generator != NULL)
+		EC_POINT_free(generator);
+	if (new_ctx != NULL)
+		BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
+	if (pre)
+		nistp224_pre_comp_free(pre);
+	return ret;
+	}
+
+int ec_GFp_nistp224_have_precompute_mult(const EC_GROUP *group)
+	{
+	if (EC_EX_DATA_get_data(group->extra_data, nistp224_pre_comp_dup,
+			nistp224_pre_comp_free, nistp224_pre_comp_clear_free)
+		!= NULL)
+		return 1;
+	else
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+#else
+static void *dummy=&dummy;
+#endif