rbs 0.2.0

data/stdlib/builtin/array.rbs

@@ -0,0 +1,1997 @@
+# Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object.
+#
+# Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.  A negative index is assumed to
+# be relative to the end of the array---that is, an index of -1 indicates the
+# last element of the array, -2 is the next to last element in the array, and so
+# on.
+#
+# ## Creating Arrays
+#
+# A new array can be created by using the literal constructor `[]`.  Arrays can
+# contain different types of objects.  For example, the array below contains an
+# Integer, a String and a Float:
+#
+#     ary = [1, "two", 3.0] #=> [1, "two", 3.0]
+#
+# An array can also be created by explicitly calling Array.new with zero, one
+# (the initial size of the Array) or two arguments (the initial size and a
+# default object).
+#
+#     ary = Array.new    #=> []
+#     Array.new(3)       #=> [nil, nil, nil]
+#     Array.new(3, true) #=> [true, true, true]
+#
+# Note that the second argument populates the array with references to the same
+# object.  Therefore, it is only recommended in cases when you need to
+# instantiate arrays with natively immutable objects such as Symbols, numbers,
+# true or false.
+#
+# To create an array with separate objects a block can be passed instead. This
+# method is safe to use with mutable objects such as hashes, strings or other
+# arrays:
+#
+#     Array.new(4) {Hash.new}    #=> [{}, {}, {}, {}]
+#     Array.new(4) {|i| i.to_s } #=> ["0", "1", "2", "3"]
+#
+# This is also a quick way to build up multi-dimensional arrays:
+#
+#     empty_table = Array.new(3) {Array.new(3)}
+#     #=> [[nil, nil, nil], [nil, nil, nil], [nil, nil, nil]]
+#
+# An array can also be created by using the Array() method, provided by Kernel,
+# which tries to call #to_ary, then #to_a on its argument.
+#
+#     Array({:a => "a", :b => "b"}) #=> [[:a, "a"], [:b, "b"]]
+#
+# ## Example Usage
+#
+# In addition to the methods it mixes in through the Enumerable module, the
+# Array class has proprietary methods for accessing, searching and otherwise
+# manipulating arrays.
+#
+# Some of the more common ones are illustrated below.
+#
+# ## Accessing Elements
+#
+# Elements in an array can be retrieved using the Array#[] method.  It can take
+# a single integer argument (a numeric index), a pair of arguments (start and
+# length) or a range. Negative indices start counting from the end, with -1
+# being the last element.
+#
+#     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#     arr[2]    #=> 3
+#     arr[100]  #=> nil
+#     arr[-3]   #=> 4
+#     arr[2, 3] #=> [3, 4, 5]
+#     arr[1..4] #=> [2, 3, 4, 5]
+#     arr[1..-3] #=> [2, 3, 4]
+#
+# Another way to access a particular array element is by using the #at method
+#
+#     arr.at(0) #=> 1
+#
+# The #slice method works in an identical manner to Array#[].
+#
+# To raise an error for indices outside of the array bounds or else to provide a
+# default value when that happens, you can use #fetch.
+#
+#     arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
+#     arr.fetch(100) #=> IndexError: index 100 outside of array bounds: -6...6
+#     arr.fetch(100, "oops") #=> "oops"
+#
+# The special methods #first and #last will return the first and last elements
+# of an array, respectively.
+#
+#     arr.first #=> 1
+#     arr.last  #=> 6
+#
+# To return the first `n` elements of an array, use #take
+#
+#     arr.take(3) #=> [1, 2, 3]
+#
+# #drop does the opposite of #take, by returning the elements after `n` elements
+# have been dropped:
+#
+#     arr.drop(3) #=> [4, 5, 6]
+#
+# ## Obtaining Information about an Array
+#
+# Arrays keep track of their own length at all times.  To query an array about
+# the number of elements it contains, use #length, #count or #size.
+#
+#     browsers = ['Chrome', 'Firefox', 'Safari', 'Opera', 'IE']
+#     browsers.length #=> 5
+#     browsers.count #=> 5
+#
+# To check whether an array contains any elements at all
+#
+#     browsers.empty? #=> false
+#
+# To check whether a particular item is included in the array
+#
+#     browsers.include?('Konqueror') #=> false
+#
+# ## Adding Items to Arrays
+#
+# Items can be added to the end of an array by using either #push or #<<
+#
+#     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+#     arr.push(5) #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+#     arr << 6    #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#
+# #unshift will add a new item to the beginning of an array.
+#
+#     arr.unshift(0) #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#
+# With #insert you can add a new element to an array at any position.
+#
+#     arr.insert(3, 'apple')  #=> [0, 1, 2, 'apple', 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#
+# Using the #insert method, you can also insert multiple values at once:
+#
+#     arr.insert(3, 'orange', 'pear', 'grapefruit')
+#     #=> [0, 1, 2, "orange", "pear", "grapefruit", "apple", 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#
+# ## Removing Items from an Array
+#
+# The method #pop removes the last element in an array and returns it:
+#
+#     arr =  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#     arr.pop #=> 6
+#     arr #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+#
+# To retrieve and at the same time remove the first item, use #shift:
+#
+#     arr.shift #=> 1
+#     arr #=> [2, 3, 4, 5]
+#
+# To delete an element at a particular index:
+#
+#     arr.delete_at(2) #=> 4
+#     arr #=> [2, 3, 5]
+#
+# To delete a particular element anywhere in an array, use #delete:
+#
+#     arr = [1, 2, 2, 3]
+#     arr.delete(2) #=> 2
+#     arr #=> [1,3]
+#
+# A useful method if you need to remove `nil` values from an array is #compact:
+#
+#     arr = ['foo', 0, nil, 'bar', 7, 'baz', nil]
+#     arr.compact  #=> ['foo', 0, 'bar', 7, 'baz']
+#     arr          #=> ['foo', 0, nil, 'bar', 7, 'baz', nil]
+#     arr.compact! #=> ['foo', 0, 'bar', 7, 'baz']
+#     arr          #=> ['foo', 0, 'bar', 7, 'baz']
+#
+# Another common need is to remove duplicate elements from an array.
+#
+# It has the non-destructive #uniq, and destructive method #uniq!
+#
+#     arr = [2, 5, 6, 556, 6, 6, 8, 9, 0, 123, 556]
+#     arr.uniq #=> [2, 5, 6, 556, 8, 9, 0, 123]
+#
+# ## Iterating over Arrays
+#
+# Like all classes that include the Enumerable module, Array has an each method,
+# which defines what elements should be iterated over and how.  In case of
+# Array's #each, all elements in the Array instance are yielded to the supplied
+# block in sequence.
+#
+# Note that this operation leaves the array unchanged.
+#
+#     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+#     arr.each {|a| print a -= 10, " "}
+#     # prints: -9 -8 -7 -6 -5
+#     #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+#
+# Another sometimes useful iterator is #reverse_each which will iterate over the
+# elements in the array in reverse order.
+#
+#     words = %w[first second third fourth fifth sixth]
+#     str = ""
+#     words.reverse_each {|word| str += "#{word} "}
+#     p str #=> "sixth fifth fourth third second first "
+#
+# The #map method can be used to create a new array based on the original array,
+# but with the values modified by the supplied block:
+#
+#     arr.map {|a| 2*a}     #=> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
+#     arr                   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+#     arr.map! {|a| a**2}   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+#     arr                   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+#
+# ## Selecting Items from an Array
+#
+# Elements can be selected from an array according to criteria defined in a
+# block.  The selection can happen in a destructive or a non-destructive manner.
+#  While the destructive operations will modify the array they were called on,
+# the non-destructive methods usually return a new array with the selected
+# elements, but leave the original array unchanged.
+#
+# ### Non-destructive Selection
+#
+#     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#     arr.select {|a| a > 3}       #=> [4, 5, 6]
+#     arr.reject {|a| a < 3}       #=> [3, 4, 5, 6]
+#     arr.drop_while {|a| a < 4}   #=> [4, 5, 6]
+#     arr                          #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#
+# ### Destructive Selection
+#
+# #select! and #reject! are the corresponding destructive methods to #select and
+# #reject
+#
+# Similar to #select vs. #reject, #delete_if and #keep_if have the exact
+# opposite result when supplied with the same block:
+#
+#     arr.delete_if {|a| a < 4}   #=> [4, 5, 6]
+#     arr                         #=> [4, 5, 6]
+#
+#     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+#     arr.keep_if {|a| a < 4}   #=> [1, 2, 3]
+#     arr                       #=> [1, 2, 3]
+# for pack.c
+#
+class Array[unchecked out Elem] < Object
+  include Enumerable[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Returns a new array.
+  #
+  # In the first form, if no arguments are sent, the new array will be empty. When
+  # a `size` and an optional `default` are sent, an array is created with `size`
+  # copies of `default`.  Take notice that all elements will reference the same
+  # object `default`.
+  #
+  # The second form creates a copy of the array passed as a parameter (the array
+  # is generated by calling to_ary on the parameter).
+  #
+  #     first_array = ["Matz", "Guido"]
+  #
+  #     second_array = Array.new(first_array) #=> ["Matz", "Guido"]
+  #
+  #     first_array.equal? second_array       #=> false
+  #
+  # In the last form, an array of the given size is created.  Each element in this
+  # array is created by passing the element's index to the given block and storing
+  # the return value.
+  #
+  #     Array.new(3) {|index| index ** 2}
+  #     # => [0, 1, 4]
+  #
+  # ## Common gotchas
+  #
+  # When sending the second parameter, the same object will be used as the value
+  # for all the array elements:
+  #
+  #     a = Array.new(2, Hash.new)
+  #     # => [{}, {}]
+  #
+  #     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
+  #     a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"}, {"cat"=>"feline"}]
+  #
+  #     a[1]['cat'] = 'Felix'
+  #     a # => [{"cat"=>"Felix"}, {"cat"=>"Felix"}]
+  #
+  # Since all the Array elements store the same hash, changes to one of them will
+  # affect them all.
+  #
+  # If multiple copies are what you want, you should use the block version which
+  # uses the result of that block each time an element of the array needs to be
+  # initialized:
+  #
+  #     a = Array.new(2) {Hash.new}
+  #     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
+  #     a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"}, {}]
+  #
+  def initialize: () -> void
+                | (Array[Elem] ary) -> void
+                | (int size, ?Elem val) -> void
+                | (int size) { (Integer index) -> Elem } -> void
+
+  # Returns a new array populated with the given objects.
+  #
+  #     Array.[]( 1, 'a', /^A/)  # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+  #     Array[ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]    # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+  #     [ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]         # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+  #
+  def self.[]: [U] (*U) -> ::Array[U]
+
+  # Tries to convert `obj` into an array, using the `to_ary` method.  Returns the
+  # converted array or `nil` if `obj` cannot be converted. This method can be used
+  # to check if an argument is an array.
+  #
+  #     Array.try_convert([1])   #=> [1]
+  #     Array.try_convert("1")   #=> nil
+  #
+  #     if tmp = Array.try_convert(arg)
+  #       # the argument is an array
+  #     elsif tmp = String.try_convert(arg)
+  #       # the argument is a string
+  #     end
+  #
+  def self.try_convert: [U] (untyped) -> ::Array[U]?
+
+  public
+
+  # Set Intersection --- Returns a new array containing unique elements common to
+  # the two arrays. The order is preserved from the original array.
+  #
+  # It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 1, 3, 5 ] & [ 3, 2, 1 ]                 #=> [ 1, 3 ]
+  #     [ 'a', 'b', 'b', 'z' ] & [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]   #=> [ 'a', 'b' ]
+  #
+  # See also Array#uniq.
+  #
+  def &: (Array[untyped] | _ToAry[untyped]) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Repetition --- With a String argument, equivalent to `ary.join(str)`.
+  #
+  # Otherwise, returns a new array built by concatenating the `int` copies of
+  # `self`.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * 3    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3 ]
+  #     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * ","  #=> "1,2,3"
+  #
+  def *: (string str) -> String
+       | (int int) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Concatenation --- Returns a new array built by concatenating the two arrays
+  # together to produce a third array.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 2, 3 ] + [ 4, 5 ]    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     c = a + [ "d", "e", "f" ]
+  #     c                         #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f" ]
+  #     a                         #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #
+  # Note that
+  #     x += y
+  #
+  # is the same as
+  #     x = x + y
+  #
+  # This means that it produces a new array. As a consequence, repeated use of
+  # `+=` on arrays can be quite inefficient.
+  #
+  # See also Array#concat.
+  #
+  def +: [U] (_ToAry[U]) -> ::Array[Elem | U]
+
+  # Array Difference
+  #
+  # Returns a new array that is a copy of the original array, removing all
+  # occurrences of any item that also appear in `other_ary`. The order is
+  # preserved from the original array.
+  #
+  # It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  #=>  [ 3, 3, 5 ]
+  #
+  # Note that while 1 and 2 were only present once in the array argument, and were
+  # present twice in the receiver array, all occurrences of each Integer are
+  # removed in the returned array.
+  #
+  # If you need set-like behavior, see the library class Set.
+  #
+  # See also Array#difference.
+  #
+  def -: (_ToAry[untyped]) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Append---Pushes the given object on to the end of this array. This expression
+  # returns the array itself, so several appends may be chained together.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2 ]
+  #     a << "c" << "d" << [ 3, 4 ]
+  #             #=>  [ 1, 2, "c", "d", [ 3, 4 ] ]
+  #     a
+  #             #=>  [ 1, 2, "c", "d", [ 3, 4 ] ]
+  #
+  def <<: (Elem) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Comparison --- Returns an integer (`-1`, `0`, or `+1`) if this array is less
+  # than, equal to, or greater than `other_ary`.
+  #
+  # Each object in each array is compared (using the <=> operator).
+  #
+  # Arrays are compared in an "element-wise" manner; the first element of `ary` is
+  # compared with the first one of `other_ary` using the <=> operator, then each
+  # of the second elements, etc... As soon as the result of any such comparison is
+  # non zero (i.e. the two corresponding elements are not equal), that result is
+  # returned for the whole array comparison.
+  #
+  # If all the elements are equal, then the result is based on a comparison of the
+  # array lengths. Thus, two arrays are "equal" according to Array#<=> if, and
+  # only if, they have the same length and the value of each element is equal to
+  # the value of the corresponding element in the other array.
+  #
+  # `nil` is returned if the `other_ary` is not an array or if the comparison of
+  # two elements returned `nil`.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "a", "c" ]    <=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]   #=> -1
+  #     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ] <=> [ 1, 2 ]            #=> +1
+  #     [ 1, 2 ]             <=> [ 1, :two ]         #=> nil
+  #
+  def <=>: (untyped) -> Integer?
+
+  # Equality --- Two arrays are equal if they contain the same number of elements
+  # and if each element is equal to (according to Object#==) the corresponding
+  # element in `other_ary`.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "c" ]    == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> false
+  #     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> true
+  #     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "d", "f" ]   #=> false
+  #
+  def ==: (untyped other) -> bool
+
+  # Element Reference --- Returns the element at `index`, or returns a subarray
+  # starting at the `start` index and continuing for `length` elements, or returns
+  # a subarray specified by `range` of indices.
+  #
+  # Negative indices count backward from the end of the array (-1 is the last
+  # element).  For `start` and `range` cases the starting index is just before an
+  # element.  Additionally, an empty array is returned when the starting index for
+  # an element range is at the end of the array.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if the index (or starting index) are out of range.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     a[2] +  a[0] + a[1]    #=> "cab"
+  #     a[6]                   #=> nil
+  #     a[1, 2]                #=> [ "b", "c" ]
+  #     a[1..3]                #=> [ "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a[4..7]                #=> [ "e" ]
+  #     a[6..10]               #=> nil
+  #     a[-3, 3]               #=> [ "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     # special cases
+  #     a[5]                   #=> nil
+  #     a[6, 1]                #=> nil
+  #     a[5, 1]                #=> []
+  #     a[5..10]               #=> []
+  #
+  def []: (int index) -> Elem
+        | (int start, int length) -> ::Array[Elem]?
+        | (Range[Integer] range) -> ::Array[Elem]?
+
+  # Element Assignment --- Sets the element at `index`, or replaces a subarray
+  # from the `start` index for `length` elements, or replaces a subarray specified
+  # by the `range` of indices.
+  #
+  # If indices are greater than the current capacity of the array, the array grows
+  # automatically.  Elements are inserted into the array at `start` if `length` is
+  # zero.
+  #
+  # Negative indices will count backward from the end of the array.  For `start`
+  # and `range` cases the starting index is just before an element.
+  #
+  # An IndexError is raised if a negative index points past the beginning of the
+  # array.
+  #
+  # See also Array#push, and Array#unshift.
+  #
+  #     a = Array.new
+  #     a[4] = "4";                 #=> [nil, nil, nil, nil, "4"]
+  #     a[0, 3] = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] #=> ["a", "b", "c", nil, "4"]
+  #     a[1..2] = [ 1, 2 ]          #=> ["a", 1, 2, nil, "4"]
+  #     a[0, 2] = "?"               #=> ["?", 2, nil, "4"]
+  #     a[0..2] = "A"               #=> ["A", "4"]
+  #     a[-1]   = "Z"               #=> ["A", "Z"]
+  #     a[1..-1] = nil              #=> ["A", nil]
+  #     a[1..-1] = []               #=> ["A"]
+  #     a[0, 0] = [ 1, 2 ]          #=> [1, 2, "A"]
+  #     a[3, 0] = "B"               #=> [1, 2, "A", "B"]
+  #
+  def []=: (int index, Elem obj) -> Elem
+         | (int start, int length, Elem obj) -> Elem
+         | (int start, int length, Array[Elem]) -> Array[Elem]
+         | (int start, int length, nil) -> nil
+         | (Range[Integer], Elem obj) -> Elem
+         | (Range[Integer], Array[Elem]) -> Array[Elem]
+         | (Range[Integer], nil) -> nil
+
+  # See also Enumerable#all?
+  #
+  def all?: () -> bool
+          | (_Pattern[Elem] pattern) -> bool
+          | () { (Elem obj) -> bool } -> bool
+
+  # See also Enumerable#any?
+  #
+  alias any? all?
+
+  alias append push
+
+  # Searches through an array whose elements are also arrays comparing `obj` with
+  # the first element of each contained array using `obj.==`.
+  #
+  # Returns the first contained array that matches (that is, the first associated
+  # array), or `nil` if no match is found.
+  #
+  # See also Array#rassoc
+  #
+  #     s1 = [ "colors", "red", "blue", "green" ]
+  #     s2 = [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     s3 = "foo"
+  #     a  = [ s1, s2, s3 ]
+  #     a.assoc("letters")  #=> [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.assoc("foo")      #=> nil
+  #
+  def assoc: (untyped) -> Array[untyped]?
+
+  # Returns the element at `index`. A negative index counts from the end of
+  # `self`. Returns `nil` if the index is out of range. See also Array#[].
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     a.at(0)     #=> "a"
+  #     a.at(-1)    #=> "e"
+  #
+  def at: (int index) -> Elem?
+
+  # By using binary search, finds a value from this array which meets the given
+  # condition in O(log n) where n is the size of the array.
+  #
+  # You can use this method in two modes: a find-minimum mode and a find-any mode.
+  #  In either case, the elements of the array must be monotone (or sorted) with
+  # respect to the block.
+  #
+  # In find-minimum mode (this is a good choice for typical use cases), the block
+  # must always return true or false, and there must be an index i (0 <= i <=
+  # ary.size) so that:
+  #
+  # *   the block returns false for any element whose index is less than i, and
+  # *   the block returns true for any element whose index is greater than or
+  #     equal to i.
+  #
+  #
+  # This method returns the i-th element.  If i is equal to ary.size, it returns
+  # nil.
+  #
+  #     ary = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+  #     ary.bsearch {|x| x >=   4 } #=> 4
+  #     ary.bsearch {|x| x >=   6 } #=> 7
+  #     ary.bsearch {|x| x >=  -1 } #=> 0
+  #     ary.bsearch {|x| x >= 100 } #=> nil
+  #
+  # In find-any mode (this behaves like libc's bsearch(3)), the block must always
+  # return a number, and there must be two indices i and j (0 <= i <= j <=
+  # ary.size) so that:
+  #
+  # *   the block returns a positive number for [ary](k) if 0 <= k < i,
+  # *   the block returns zero for [ary](k) if i <= k < j, and
+  # *   the block returns a negative number for [ary](k) if j <= k < ary.size.
+  #
+  #
+  # Under this condition, this method returns any element whose index is within
+  # i...j.  If i is equal to j (i.e., there is no element that satisfies the
+  # block), this method returns nil.
+  #
+  #     ary = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+  #     # try to find v such that 4 <= v < 8
+  #     ary.bsearch {|x| 1 - x / 4 } #=> 4 or 7
+  #     # try to find v such that 8 <= v < 10
+  #     ary.bsearch {|x| 4 - x / 2 } #=> nil
+  #
+  # You must not mix the two modes at a time; the block must always return either
+  # true/false, or always return a number.  It is undefined which value is
+  # actually picked up at each iteration.
+  #
+  def bsearch: () { (Elem) -> (true | false) } -> Elem?
+             | () { (Elem) -> Integer } -> Elem?
+
+  # By using binary search, finds an index of a value from this array which meets
+  # the given condition in O(log n) where n is the size of the array.
+  #
+  # It supports two modes, depending on the nature of the block. They are exactly
+  # the same as in the case of the #bsearch method, with the only difference being
+  # that this method returns the index of the element instead of the element
+  # itself. For more details consult the documentation for #bsearch.
+  #
+  def bsearch_index: () { (Elem) -> (true | false) } -> Integer?
+                   | () { (Elem) -> Integer } -> Integer?
+
+  # Removes all elements from `self`.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     a.clear    #=> [ ]
+  #
+  def clear: () -> self
+
+  # Invokes the given block once for each element of `self`.
+  #
+  # Creates a new array containing the values returned by the block.
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#collect.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.collect {|x| x + "!"}           #=> ["a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
+  #     a.map.with_index {|x, i| x * i}   #=> ["", "b", "cc", "ddd"]
+  #     a                                 #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  #
+  def collect: [U] () { (Elem item) -> U } -> Array[U]
+             | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[untyped]]
+
+  # Invokes the given block once for each element of `self`, replacing the element
+  # with the value returned by the block.
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#collect.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.map! {|x| x + "!" }
+  #     a #=>  [ "a!", "b!", "c!", "d!" ]
+  #     a.collect!.with_index {|x, i| x[0...i] }
+  #     a #=>  ["", "b", "c!", "d!"]
+  #
+  def collect!: () { (Elem item) -> Elem } -> self          # collect! is monomorphic because of RBS limitation.
+              | () -> ::Enumerator[Elem, self]
+
+  # When invoked with a block, yields all combinations of length `n` of elements
+  # from the array and then returns the array itself.
+  #
+  # The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the
+  # combinations are yielded.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+  #     a.combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3],[4]]
+  #     a.combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,4]]
+  #     a.combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[1,3,4],[2,3,4]]
+  #     a.combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3,4]]
+  #     a.combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
+  #     a.combination(5).to_a  #=> []   # no combinations of length 5
+  #
+  def combination: (int n) { (Array[Elem]) -> void } -> self
+                 | (int n) -> Enumerator[Array[Elem], self]
+
+  # Returns a copy of `self` with all `nil` elements removed.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c", nil ].compact
+  #                       #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #
+  def compact: () -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Removes `nil` elements from the array.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if no changes were made, otherwise returns the array.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c" ].compact! #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ].compact!           #=> nil
+  #
+  def compact!: () -> Array[Elem]?
+
+  # Appends the elements of `other_ary`s to `self`.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "b" ].concat( ["c", "d"])   #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     [ "a" ].concat( ["b"], ["c", "d"]) #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     [ "a" ].concat #=> [ "a" ]
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+  #     a.concat( [ 4, 5 ])
+  #     a                                 #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2 ]
+  #     a.concat(a, a)                    #=> [1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]
+  #
+  # See also Array#+.
+  #
+  def concat: (*Array[Elem] arrays) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns the number of elements.
+  #
+  # If an argument is given, counts the number of elements which equal `obj` using
+  # `==`.
+  #
+  # If a block is given, counts the number of elements for which the block returns
+  # a true value.
+  #
+  #     ary = [1, 2, 4, 2]
+  #     ary.count                  #=> 4
+  #     ary.count(2)               #=> 2
+  #     ary.count {|x| x%2 == 0}   #=> 3
+  #
+  def count: () -> Integer
+           | (untyped obj) -> Integer
+           | () { (Elem) -> bool } -> Integer
+
+  # Calls the given block for each element `n` times or forever if `nil` is given.
+  #
+  # Does nothing if a non-positive number is given or the array is empty.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if the loop has finished without getting interrupted.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = ["a", "b", "c"]
+  #     a.cycle {|x| puts x}       # print, a, b, c, a, b, c,.. forever.
+  #     a.cycle(2) {|x| puts x}    # print, a, b, c, a, b, c.
+  #
+  def cycle: (?int? n) { (Elem) -> void } -> nil
+           | (?int? n) -> Enumerator[Elem, nil]
+
+  def deconstruct: () -> Array[Integer]
+
+  # Deletes all items from `self` that are equal to `obj`.
+  #
+  # Returns the last deleted item, or `nil` if no matching item is found.
+  #
+  # If the optional code block is given, the result of the block is returned if
+  # the item is not found.  (To remove `nil` elements and get an informative
+  # return value, use Array#compact!)
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.delete("b")                   #=> "b"
+  #     a                               #=> ["a", "c"]
+  #     a.delete("z")                   #=> nil
+  #     a.delete("z") {"not found"}     #=> "not found"
+  #
+  def delete: (untyped obj) -> Elem?
+            | [S, T] (S obj) { (S) -> T } -> (Elem | T)
+
+  # Deletes the element at the specified `index`, returning that element, or `nil`
+  # if the `index` is out of range.
+  #
+  # See also Array#slice!
+  #
+  #     a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
+  #     a.delete_at(2)    #=> "cat"
+  #     a                 #=> ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
+  #     a.delete_at(99)   #=> nil
+  #
+  def delete_at: (int index) -> Elem?
+
+  # Deletes every element of `self` for which block evaluates to `true`.
+  #
+  # The array is changed instantly every time the block is called, not after the
+  # iteration is over.
+  #
+  # See also Array#reject!
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     scores = [ 97, 42, 75 ]
+  #     scores.delete_if {|score| score < 80 }   #=> [97]
+  #
+  def delete_if: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]
+               | () -> Enumerator[Elem, self]
+
+  # Array Difference
+  #
+  # Returns a new array that is a copy of the original array, removing all
+  # occurrences of any item that also appear in `other_ary`. The order is
+  # preserved from the original array.
+  #
+  # It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 ].difference([ 1, 2, 4 ])     #=> [ 3, 3, 5 ]
+  #
+  # Note that while 1 and 2 were only present once in the array argument, and were
+  # present twice in the receiver array, all occurrences of each Integer are
+  # removed in the returned array.
+  #
+  # Multiple array arguments can be supplied and all occurrences of any element in
+  # those supplied arrays that match the receiver will be removed from the
+  # returned array.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 'c', :s, 'yep' ].difference([ 1 ], [ 'a', 'c' ])  #=> [ :s, "yep" ]
+  #
+  # If you need set-like behavior, see the library class Set.
+  #
+  # See also Array#-.
+  #
+  def difference: (*::Array[untyped] arrays) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Extracts the nested value specified by the sequence of *idx* objects by
+  # calling `dig` at each step, returning `nil` if any intermediate step is `nil`.
+  #
+  #     a = [[1, [2, 3]]]
+  #
+  #     a.dig(0, 1, 1)                    #=> 3
+  #     a.dig(1, 2, 3)                    #=> nil
+  #     a.dig(0, 0, 0)                    #=> TypeError: Integer does not have #dig method
+  #     [42, {foo: :bar}].dig(1, :foo)    #=> :bar
+  #
+  def dig: (int idx) -> Elem?
+         | (int idx, untyped, *untyped) -> untyped
+
+  # Drops first `n` elements from `ary` and returns the rest of the elements in an
+  # array.
+  #
+  # If a negative number is given, raises an ArgumentError.
+  #
+  # See also Array#take
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
+  #     a.drop(3)             #=> [4, 5, 0]
+  #
+  def drop: (int n) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for which the block
+  # returns `nil` or `false` and returns an array containing the remaining
+  # elements.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # See also Array#take_while
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
+  #     a.drop_while {|i| i < 3 }   #=> [3, 4, 5, 0]
+  #
+  def drop_while: () { (Elem obj) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]
+                | () -> ::Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Calls the given block once for each element in `self`, passing that element as
+  # a parameter.  Returns the array itself.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.each {|x| print x, " -- " }
+  #
+  # produces:
+  #
+  #     a -- b -- c --
+  #
+  def each: () -> ::Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+          | () { (Elem item) -> void } -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Same as Array#each, but passes the `index` of the element instead of the
+  # element itself.
+  #
+  # An Enumerator is returned if no block is given.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " }
+  #
+  # produces:
+  #
+  #     0 -- 1 -- 2 --
+  #
+  def each_index: () { (Integer index) -> void } -> Array[Elem]
+                | () -> ::Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Returns `true` if `self` contains no elements.
+  #
+  #     [].empty?   #=> true
+  #
+  def empty?: () -> bool
+
+  # Returns `true` if `self` and `other` are the same object, or are both arrays
+  # with the same content (according to Object#eql?).
+  #
+  def eql?: (untyped other) -> bool
+
+  # Tries to return the element at position `index`, but throws an IndexError
+  # exception if the referenced `index` lies outside of the array bounds.  This
+  # error can be prevented by supplying a second argument, which will act as a
+  # `default` value.
+  #
+  # Alternatively, if a block is given it will only be executed when an invalid
+  # `index` is referenced.
+  #
+  # Negative values of `index` count from the end of the array.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 11, 22, 33, 44 ]
+  #     a.fetch(1)               #=> 22
+  #     a.fetch(-1)              #=> 44
+  #     a.fetch(4, 'cat')        #=> "cat"
+  #     a.fetch(100) {|i| puts "#{i} is out of bounds"}
+  #                              #=> "100 is out of bounds"
+  #
+  def fetch: (int index) -> Elem
+           | [T] (int index, T default) -> (Elem | T)
+           | [T] (Integer index) { (Integer index) -> T } -> (Elem | T)
+
+  # The first three forms set the selected elements of `self` (which may be the
+  # entire array) to `obj`.
+  #
+  # A `start` of `nil` is equivalent to zero.
+  #
+  # A `length` of `nil` is equivalent to the length of the array.
+  #
+  # The last three forms fill the array with the value of the given block, which
+  # is passed the absolute index of each element to be filled.
+  #
+  # Negative values of `start` count from the end of the array, where `-1` is the
+  # last element.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.fill("x")              #=> ["x", "x", "x", "x"]
+  #     a.fill("z", 2, 2)        #=> ["x", "x", "z", "z"]
+  #     a.fill("y", 0..1)        #=> ["y", "y", "z", "z"]
+  #     a.fill {|i| i*i}         #=> [0, 1, 4, 9]
+  #     a.fill(-2) {|i| i*i*i}   #=> [0, 1, 8, 27]
+  #
+  def fill: (Elem obj) -> self
+          | (Elem obj, int? start, ?int? length) -> self
+          | (Elem obj, Range[Integer] range) -> self
+          | (?int? start, ?int? length) { (Integer index) -> Elem } -> self
+          | (Range[Integer] range) { (Integer index) -> Elem } -> self
+
+  # Returns a new array containing all elements of `ary` for which the given
+  # `block` returns a true value.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     [1,2,3,4,5].select {|num| num.even? }     #=> [2, 4]
+  #
+  #     a = %w[ a b c d e f ]
+  #     a.select {|v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }    #=> ["a", "e"]
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#select.
+  #
+  # Array#filter is an alias for Array#select.
+  #
+  def filter: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]
+            | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Invokes the given block passing in successive elements from `self`, deleting
+  # elements for which the block returns a `false` value.
+  #
+  # The array may not be changed instantly every time the block is called.
+  #
+  # If changes were made, it will return `self`, otherwise it returns `nil`.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # See also Array#keep_if.
+  #
+  # Array#filter! is an alias for Array#select!.
+  #
+  def filter!: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]?
+             | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]?]
+
+  # Returns the *index* of the first object in `ary` such that the object is `==`
+  # to `obj`.
+  #
+  # If a block is given instead of an argument, returns the *index* of the first
+  # object for which the block returns `true`.  Returns `nil` if no match is
+  # found.
+  #
+  # See also Array#rindex.
+  #
+  # An Enumerator is returned if neither a block nor argument is given.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.index("b")              #=> 1
+  #     a.index("z")              #=> nil
+  #     a.index {|x| x == "b"}    #=> 1
+  #
+  def find_index: (untyped obj) -> Integer?
+                | () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Integer?
+                | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Integer?]
+
+  # Returns the first element, or the first `n` elements, of the array. If the
+  # array is empty, the first form returns `nil`, and the second form returns an
+  # empty array. See also Array#last for the opposite effect.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "q", "r", "s", "t" ]
+  #     a.first     #=> "q"
+  #     a.first(2)  #=> ["q", "r"]
+  #
+  def first: () -> Elem?
+           | (int n) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns a new array that is a one-dimensional flattening of `self`
+  # (recursively).
+  #
+  # That is, for every element that is an array, extract its elements into the new
+  # array.
+  #
+  # The optional `level` argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
+  #
+  #     s = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #     t = [ 4, 5, 6, [7, 8] ]   #=> [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
+  #     a = [ s, t, 9, 10 ]       #=> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, 10]
+  #     a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
+  #     a.flatten(1)              #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+  #
+  def flatten: (?int level) -> ::Array[untyped]
+
+  # Flattens `self` in place.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if no modifications were made (i.e., the array contains no
+  # subarrays.)
+  #
+  # The optional `level` argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
+  #     a.flatten!   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+  #     a.flatten!   #=> nil
+  #     a            #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
+  #     a.flatten!(1) #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+  #
+  def flatten!: (?int level) -> Array[untyped]?
+
+  # Compute a hash-code for this array.
+  #
+  # Two arrays with the same content will have the same hash code (and will
+  # compare using #eql?).
+  #
+  # See also Object#hash.
+  #
+  def hash: () -> Integer
+
+  # Returns `true` if the given `object` is present in `self` (that is, if any
+  # element `==` `object`), otherwise returns `false`.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.include?("b")   #=> true
+  #     a.include?("z")   #=> false
+  #
+  def include?: (untyped object) -> bool
+
+  # Returns the *index* of the first object in `ary` such that the object is `==`
+  # to `obj`.
+  #
+  # If a block is given instead of an argument, returns the *index* of the first
+  # object for which the block returns `true`.  Returns `nil` if no match is
+  # found.
+  #
+  # See also Array#rindex.
+  #
+  # An Enumerator is returned if neither a block nor argument is given.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.index("b")              #=> 1
+  #     a.index("z")              #=> nil
+  #     a.index {|x| x == "b"}    #=> 1
+  #
+  alias index find_index
+
+  # Inserts the given values before the element with the given `index`.
+  #
+  # Negative indices count backwards from the end of the array, where `-1` is the
+  # last element. If a negative index is used, the given values will be inserted
+  # after that element, so using an index of `-1` will insert the values at the
+  # end of the array.
+  #
+  #     a = %w{ a b c d }
+  #     a.insert(2, 99)         #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", "d"]
+  #     a.insert(-2, 1, 2, 3)   #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", 1, 2, 3, "d"]
+  #
+  def insert: (int index, *Elem obj) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Creates a string representation of `self`, by calling #inspect on each
+  # element.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ].to_s     #=> "[\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]"
+  #
+  def inspect: () -> String
+
+  # Set Intersection --- Returns a new array containing unique elements common to
+  # `self` and `other_ary`s. Order is preserved from the original array.
+  #
+  # It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 1, 3, 5 ].intersection([ 3, 2, 1 ])                    # => [ 1, 3 ]
+  #     [ "a", "b", "z" ].intersection([ "a", "b", "c" ], [ "b" ])  # => [ "b" ]
+  #     [ "a" ].intersection #=> [ "a" ]
+  #
+  # See also Array#&.
+  #
+  def intersection: (*Array[untyped] | _ToAry[untyped] other_ary) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns a string created by converting each element of the array to a string,
+  # separated by the given `separator`. If the `separator` is `nil`, it uses
+  # current `$,`. If both the `separator` and `$,` are `nil`, it uses an empty
+  # string.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join        #=> "abc"
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-")   #=> "a-b-c"
+  #
+  # For nested arrays, join is applied recursively:
+  #
+  #     [ "a", [1, 2, [:x, :y]], "b" ].join("-")   #=> "a-1-2-x-y-b"
+  #
+  def join: (?string separator) -> String
+
+  # Deletes every element of `self` for which the given block evaluates to
+  # `false`, and returns `self`.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = %w[ a b c d e f ]
+  #     a.keep_if {|v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }    #=> ["a", "e"]
+  #     a                                  #=> ["a", "e"]
+  #
+  # See also Array#select!.
+  #
+  def keep_if: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]
+             | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Returns the last element(s) of `self`. If the array is empty, the first form
+  # returns `nil`.
+  #
+  # See also Array#first for the opposite effect.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "w", "x", "y", "z" ]
+  #     a.last     #=> "z"
+  #     a.last(2)  #=> ["y", "z"]
+  #
+  def last: () -> Elem?
+          | (int n) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns the number of elements in `self`. May be zero.
+  #
+  #     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ].length   #=> 5
+  #     [].length                  #=> 0
+  #
+  def length: () -> Integer
+
+  # Invokes the given block once for each element of `self`.
+  #
+  # Creates a new array containing the values returned by the block.
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#collect.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.collect {|x| x + "!"}           #=> ["a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
+  #     a.map.with_index {|x, i| x * i}   #=> ["", "b", "cc", "ddd"]
+  #     a                                 #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  #
+  alias map collect
+
+  # Invokes the given block once for each element of `self`, replacing the element
+  # with the value returned by the block.
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#collect.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.map! {|x| x + "!" }
+  #     a #=>  [ "a!", "b!", "c!", "d!" ]
+  #     a.collect!.with_index {|x, i| x[0...i] }
+  #     a #=>  ["", "b", "c!", "d!"]
+  #
+  alias map! collect!
+
+  # Returns the object in *ary* with the maximum value. The first form assumes all
+  # objects implement Comparable; the second uses the block to return *a <=> b*.
+  #
+  #     ary = %w(albatross dog horse)
+  #     ary.max                                   #=> "horse"
+  #     ary.max {|a, b| a.length <=> b.length}    #=> "albatross"
+  #
+  # If the `n` argument is given, maximum `n` elements are returned as an array.
+  #
+  #     ary = %w[albatross dog horse]
+  #     ary.max(2)                                  #=> ["horse", "dog"]
+  #     ary.max(2) {|a, b| a.length <=> b.length }  #=> ["albatross", "horse"]
+  #
+  def max: () -> Elem?
+         | () { (Elem a, Elem b) -> Integer? } -> Elem?
+         | (int n) -> Array[Elem]
+         | (int n) { (Elem a, Elem b) -> Integer? } -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns the object in *ary* with the minimum value. The first form assumes all
+  # objects implement Comparable; the second uses the block to return *a <=> b*.
+  #
+  #     ary = %w(albatross dog horse)
+  #     ary.min                                   #=> "albatross"
+  #     ary.min {|a, b| a.length <=> b.length}    #=> "dog"
+  #
+  # If the `n` argument is given, minimum `n` elements are returned as an array.
+  #
+  #     ary = %w[albatross dog horse]
+  #     ary.min(2)                                  #=> ["albatross", "dog"]
+  #     ary.min(2) {|a, b| a.length <=> b.length }  #=> ["dog", "horse"]
+  #
+  alias min max
+
+  # Returns a two element array which contains the minimum and the maximum value
+  # in the array.
+  #
+  # Can be given an optional block to override the default comparison method `a
+  # <=> b`.
+  #
+  def minmax: () -> [ Elem?, Elem? ]
+            | () { (Elem a, Elem b) -> Integer? } -> [ Elem?, Elem? ]
+
+  # See also Enumerable#none?
+  #
+  alias none? all?
+
+  # See also Enumerable#one?
+  #
+  alias one? none?
+
+  # Packs the contents of *arr* into a binary sequence according to the directives
+  # in *aTemplateString* (see the table below) Directives ``A,'' ``a,'' and ``Z''
+  # may be followed by a count, which gives the width of the resulting field. The
+  # remaining directives also may take a count, indicating the number of array
+  # elements to convert. If the count is an asterisk (```*`''), all remaining
+  # array elements will be converted. Any of the directives ```sSiIlL`'' may be
+  # followed by an underscore (```_`'') or exclamation mark (```!`'') to use the
+  # underlying platform's native size for the specified type; otherwise, they use
+  # a platform-independent size. Spaces are ignored in the template string. See
+  # also String#unpack.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     n = [ 65, 66, 67 ]
+  #     a.pack("A3A3A3")   #=> "a  b  c  "
+  #     a.pack("a3a3a3")   #=> "a\000\000b\000\000c\000\000"
+  #     n.pack("ccc")      #=> "ABC"
+  #
+  # If *aBufferString* is specified and its capacity is enough, `pack` uses it as
+  # the buffer and returns it. When the offset is specified by the beginning of
+  # *aTemplateString*, the result is filled after the offset. If original contents
+  # of *aBufferString* exists and it's longer than the offset, the rest of
+  # *offsetOfBuffer* are overwritten by the result. If it's shorter, the gap is
+  # filled with ```\0`''.
+  #
+  # Note that ``buffer:'' option does not guarantee not to allocate memory in
+  # `pack`.  If the capacity of *aBufferString* is not enough, `pack` allocates
+  # memory.
+  #
+  # Directives for `pack`.
+  #
+  #     Integer       | Array   |
+  #     Directive     | Element | Meaning
+  #     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  #     C             | Integer | 8-bit unsigned (unsigned char)
+  #     S             | Integer | 16-bit unsigned, native endian (uint16_t)
+  #     L             | Integer | 32-bit unsigned, native endian (uint32_t)
+  #     Q             | Integer | 64-bit unsigned, native endian (uint64_t)
+  #     J             | Integer | pointer width unsigned, native endian (uintptr_t)
+  #                   |         | (J is available since Ruby 2.3.)
+  #                   |         |
+  #     c             | Integer | 8-bit signed (signed char)
+  #     s             | Integer | 16-bit signed, native endian (int16_t)
+  #     l             | Integer | 32-bit signed, native endian (int32_t)
+  #     q             | Integer | 64-bit signed, native endian (int64_t)
+  #     j             | Integer | pointer width signed, native endian (intptr_t)
+  #                   |         | (j is available since Ruby 2.3.)
+  #                   |         |
+  #     S_ S!         | Integer | unsigned short, native endian
+  #     I I_ I!       | Integer | unsigned int, native endian
+  #     L_ L!         | Integer | unsigned long, native endian
+  #     Q_ Q!         | Integer | unsigned long long, native endian (ArgumentError
+  #                   |         | if the platform has no long long type.)
+  #                   |         | (Q_ and Q! is available since Ruby 2.1.)
+  #     J!            | Integer | uintptr_t, native endian (same with J)
+  #                   |         | (J! is available since Ruby 2.3.)
+  #                   |         |
+  #     s_ s!         | Integer | signed short, native endian
+  #     i i_ i!       | Integer | signed int, native endian
+  #     l_ l!         | Integer | signed long, native endian
+  #     q_ q!         | Integer | signed long long, native endian (ArgumentError
+  #                   |         | if the platform has no long long type.)
+  #                   |         | (q_ and q! is available since Ruby 2.1.)
+  #     j!            | Integer | intptr_t, native endian (same with j)
+  #                   |         | (j! is available since Ruby 2.3.)
+  #                   |         |
+  #     S> s> S!> s!> | Integer | same as the directives without ">" except
+  #     L> l> L!> l!> |         | big endian
+  #     I!> i!>       |         | (available since Ruby 1.9.3)
+  #     Q> q> Q!> q!> |         | "S>" is same as "n"
+  #     J> j> J!> j!> |         | "L>" is same as "N"
+  #                   |         |
+  #     S< s< S!< s!< | Integer | same as the directives without "<" except
+  #     L< l< L!< l!< |         | little endian
+  #     I!< i!<       |         | (available since Ruby 1.9.3)
+  #     Q< q< Q!< q!< |         | "S<" is same as "v"
+  #     J< j< J!< j!< |         | "L<" is same as "V"
+  #                   |         |
+  #     n             | Integer | 16-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order
+  #     N             | Integer | 32-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order
+  #     v             | Integer | 16-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order
+  #     V             | Integer | 32-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order
+  #                   |         |
+  #     U             | Integer | UTF-8 character
+  #     w             | Integer | BER-compressed integer
+  #
+  #     Float        | Array   |
+  #     Directive    | Element | Meaning
+  #     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  #     D d          | Float   | double-precision, native format
+  #     F f          | Float   | single-precision, native format
+  #     E            | Float   | double-precision, little-endian byte order
+  #     e            | Float   | single-precision, little-endian byte order
+  #     G            | Float   | double-precision, network (big-endian) byte order
+  #     g            | Float   | single-precision, network (big-endian) byte order
+  #
+  #     String       | Array   |
+  #     Directive    | Element | Meaning
+  #     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  #     A            | String  | arbitrary binary string (space padded, count is width)
+  #     a            | String  | arbitrary binary string (null padded, count is width)
+  #     Z            | String  | same as ``a'', except that null is added with *
+  #     B            | String  | bit string (MSB first)
+  #     b            | String  | bit string (LSB first)
+  #     H            | String  | hex string (high nibble first)
+  #     h            | String  | hex string (low nibble first)
+  #     u            | String  | UU-encoded string
+  #     M            | String  | quoted printable, MIME encoding (see also RFC2045)
+  #                  |         | (text mode but input must use LF and output LF)
+  #     m            | String  | base64 encoded string (see RFC 2045)
+  #                  |         | (if count is 0, no line feed are added, see RFC 4648)
+  #                  |         | (count specifies input bytes between each LF,
+  #                  |         | rounded down to nearest multiple of 3)
+  #     P            | String  | pointer to a structure (fixed-length string)
+  #     p            | String  | pointer to a null-terminated string
+  #
+  #     Misc.        | Array   |
+  #     Directive    | Element | Meaning
+  #     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  #     @            | ---     | moves to absolute position
+  #     X            | ---     | back up a byte
+  #     x            | ---     | null byte
+  #
+  def pack: (string fmt, ?buffer: String?) -> String
+
+  # When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of length `n` of the
+  # elements of the array, then return the array itself.
+  #
+  # If `n` is not specified, yield all permutations of all elements.
+  #
+  # The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the
+  # permutations are yielded.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3]
+  #     a.permutation.to_a    #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
+  #     a.permutation(1).to_a #=> [[1],[2],[3]]
+  #     a.permutation(2).to_a #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[2,1],[2,3],[3,1],[3,2]]
+  #     a.permutation(3).to_a #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
+  #     a.permutation(0).to_a #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
+  #     a.permutation(4).to_a #=> []   # no permutations of length 4
+  #
+  def permutation: (?Integer n) -> Enumerator[Array[Elem], Array[Elem]]
+                 | (?Integer n) { (Array[Elem] p) -> void } -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Removes the last element from `self` and returns it, or `nil` if the array is
+  # empty.
+  #
+  # If a number `n` is given, returns an array of the last `n` elements (or less)
+  # just like `array.slice!(-n, n)` does. See also Array#push for the opposite
+  # effect.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.pop     #=> "d"
+  #     a.pop(2)  #=> ["b", "c"]
+  #     a         #=> ["a"]
+  #
+  def pop: () -> Elem?
+         | (int n) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  alias prepend unshift
+
+  # Returns an array of all combinations of elements from all arrays.
+  #
+  # The length of the returned array is the product of the length of `self` and
+  # the argument arrays.
+  #
+  # If given a block, #product will yield all combinations and return `self`
+  # instead.
+  #
+  #     [1,2,3].product([4,5])     #=> [[1,4],[1,5],[2,4],[2,5],[3,4],[3,5]]
+  #     [1,2].product([1,2])       #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
+  #     [1,2].product([3,4],[5,6]) #=> [[1,3,5],[1,3,6],[1,4,5],[1,4,6],
+  #                                #     [2,3,5],[2,3,6],[2,4,5],[2,4,6]]
+  #     [1,2].product()            #=> [[1],[2]]
+  #     [1,2].product([])          #=> []
+  #
+  def product: () -> Array[[Elem]]
+             | [X] (Array[X] other_ary) -> Array[[Elem, X]]
+             | [X, Y] (Array[X] other_ary1, Array[Y] other_ary2) -> Array[[Elem, X, Y]]
+             | [U] (*::Array[U] other_arys) -> Array[Array[Elem | U]]
+
+  # Append --- Pushes the given object(s) on to the end of this array. This
+  # expression returns the array itself, so several appends may be chained
+  # together. See also Array#pop for the opposite effect.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.push("d", "e", "f")
+  #             #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
+  #     [1, 2, 3].push(4).push(5)
+  #             #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+  #
+  def push: (*Elem obj) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Searches through the array whose elements are also arrays.
+  #
+  # Compares `obj` with the second element of each contained array using `obj.==`.
+  #
+  # Returns the first contained array that matches `obj`.
+  #
+  # See also Array#assoc.
+  #
+  #     a = [ [ 1, "one"], [2, "two"], [3, "three"], ["ii", "two"] ]
+  #     a.rassoc("two")    #=> [2, "two"]
+  #     a.rassoc("four")   #=> nil
+  #
+  alias rassoc assoc
+
+  # Returns a new array containing the items in `self` for which the given block
+  # is not `true`. The ordering of non-rejected elements is maintained.
+  #
+  # See also Array#delete_if
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  alias reject delete_if
+
+  # Deletes every element of `self` for which the block evaluates to `true`, if no
+  # changes were made returns `nil`.
+  #
+  # The array may not be changed instantly every time the block is called.
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#reject and Array#delete_if.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  def reject!: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]?
+             | () -> ::Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]?]
+
+  # When invoked with a block, yields all repeated combinations of length `n` of
+  # elements from the array and then returns the array itself.
+  #
+  # The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the repeated
+  # combinations are yielded.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3]
+  #     a.repeated_combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1], [2], [3]]
+  #     a.repeated_combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[1,3],[2,2],[2,3],[3,3]]
+  #     a.repeated_combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,1,3],[1,2,2],[1,2,3],
+  #                                     #    [1,3,3],[2,2,2],[2,2,3],[2,3,3],[3,3,3]]
+  #     a.repeated_combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,2],[1,1,1,3],[1,1,2,2],[1,1,2,3],
+  #                                     #    [1,1,3,3],[1,2,2,2],[1,2,2,3],[1,2,3,3],[1,3,3,3],
+  #                                     #    [2,2,2,2],[2,2,2,3],[2,2,3,3],[2,3,3,3],[3,3,3,3]]
+  #     a.repeated_combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
+  #
+  def repeated_combination: (int n) { (Array[Elem] c) -> void } -> self
+                          | (int n) -> Enumerator[Array[Elem], self]
+
+  # When invoked with a block, yield all repeated permutations of length `n` of
+  # the elements of the array, then return the array itself.
+  #
+  # The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the repeated
+  # permutations are yielded.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2]
+  #     a.repeated_permutation(1).to_a  #=> [[1], [2]]
+  #     a.repeated_permutation(2).to_a  #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
+  #     a.repeated_permutation(3).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,2,1],[1,2,2],
+  #                                     #    [2,1,1],[2,1,2],[2,2,1],[2,2,2]]
+  #     a.repeated_permutation(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
+  #
+  def repeated_permutation: (int n) { (Array[Elem] p) -> void } -> self
+                          | (int n) -> Enumerator[Array[Elem], self]
+
+  # Replaces the contents of `self` with the contents of `other_ary`, truncating
+  # or expanding if necessary.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     a.replace([ "x", "y", "z" ])   #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
+  #     a                              #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
+  #
+  def replace: (Array[Elem]) -> self
+
+  # Returns a new array containing `self`'s elements in reverse order.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ].reverse   #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
+  #     [ 1 ].reverse               #=> [1]
+  #
+  def reverse: () -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Reverses `self` in place.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.reverse!       #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
+  #     a                #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
+  #
+  def reverse!: () -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Same as Array#each, but traverses `self` in reverse order.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.reverse_each {|x| print x, " " }
+  #
+  # produces:
+  #
+  #     c b a
+  #
+  def reverse_each: () { (Elem item) -> void } -> Array[Elem]
+                  | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Returns the *index* of the last object in `self` `==` to `obj`.
+  #
+  # If a block is given instead of an argument, returns the *index* of the first
+  # object for which the block returns `true`, starting from the last object.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if no match is found.
+  #
+  # See also Array#index.
+  #
+  # If neither block nor argument is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.rindex("b")             #=> 3
+  #     a.rindex("z")             #=> nil
+  #     a.rindex {|x| x == "b"}   #=> 3
+  #
+  def rindex: (untyped obj) -> Integer?
+            | () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Integer?
+            | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Integer?]
+
+  # Returns a new array by rotating `self` so that the element at `count` is the
+  # first element of the new array.
+  #
+  # If `count` is negative then it rotates in the opposite direction, starting
+  # from the end of `self` where `-1` is the last element.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.rotate         #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
+  #     a                #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  #     a.rotate(2)      #=> ["c", "d", "a", "b"]
+  #     a.rotate(-3)     #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
+  #
+  def rotate: (?int count) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Rotates `self` in place so that the element at `count` comes first, and
+  # returns `self`.
+  #
+  # If `count` is negative then it rotates in the opposite direction, starting
+  # from the end of the array where `-1` is the last element.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.rotate!        #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
+  #     a                #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
+  #     a.rotate!(2)     #=> ["d", "a", "b", "c"]
+  #     a.rotate!(-3)    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  #
+  def rotate!: (?int count) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Choose a random element or `n` random elements from the array.
+  #
+  # The elements are chosen by using random and unique indices into the array in
+  # order to ensure that an element doesn't repeat itself unless the array already
+  # contained duplicate elements.
+  #
+  # If the array is empty the first form returns `nil` and the second form returns
+  # an empty array.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
+  #     a.sample         #=> 7
+  #     a.sample(4)      #=> [6, 4, 2, 5]
+  #
+  # The optional `rng` argument will be used as the random number generator.
+  #
+  #     a.sample(random: Random.new(1))     #=> 6
+  #     a.sample(4, random: Random.new(1))  #=> [6, 10, 9, 2]
+  #
+  def sample: (?random: Random rng) -> Elem?
+            | (?int n, ?random: Random rng) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns a new array containing all elements of `ary` for which the given
+  # `block` returns a true value.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #     [1,2,3,4,5].select {|num| num.even? }     #=> [2, 4]
+  #
+  #     a = %w[ a b c d e f ]
+  #     a.select {|v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }    #=> ["a", "e"]
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#select.
+  #
+  # Array#filter is an alias for Array#select.
+  #
+  def select: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]
+            | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Invokes the given block passing in successive elements from `self`, deleting
+  # elements for which the block returns a `false` value.
+  #
+  # The array may not be changed instantly every time the block is called.
+  #
+  # If changes were made, it will return `self`, otherwise it returns `nil`.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # See also Array#keep_if.
+  #
+  # Array#filter! is an alias for Array#select!.
+  #
+  def select!: () { (Elem item) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]?
+             | () -> ::Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]?]
+
+  # Removes the first element of `self` and returns it (shifting all other
+  # elements down by one). Returns `nil` if the array is empty.
+  #
+  # If a number `n` is given, returns an array of the first `n` elements (or less)
+  # just like `array.slice!(0, n)` does. With `ary` containing only the remainder
+  # elements, not including what was shifted to `new_ary`. See also Array#unshift
+  # for the opposite effect.
+  #
+  #     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
+  #     args.shift     #=> "-m"
+  #     args           #=> ["-q", "filename"]
+  #
+  #     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
+  #     args.shift(2)  #=> ["-m", "-q"]
+  #     args           #=> ["filename"]
+  #
+  def shift: () -> Elem?
+           | (?int n) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns a new array with elements of `self` shuffled.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #     a.shuffle                 #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #     a                         #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #
+  # The optional `rng` argument will be used as the random number generator.
+  #
+  #     a.shuffle(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
+  #
+  def shuffle: (?random: Random rng) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Shuffles elements in `self` in place.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #     a.shuffle!                #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #     a                         #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #
+  # The optional `rng` argument will be used as the random number generator.
+  #
+  #     a.shuffle!(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
+  #
+  def shuffle!: (?random: Random rng) -> Array[Elem]
+
+  alias size length
+
+  # Element Reference --- Returns the element at `index`, or returns a subarray
+  # starting at the `start` index and continuing for `length` elements, or returns
+  # a subarray specified by `range` of indices.
+  #
+  # Negative indices count backward from the end of the array (-1 is the last
+  # element).  For `start` and `range` cases the starting index is just before an
+  # element.  Additionally, an empty array is returned when the starting index for
+  # an element range is at the end of the array.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if the index (or starting index) are out of range.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     a[2] +  a[0] + a[1]    #=> "cab"
+  #     a[6]                   #=> nil
+  #     a[1, 2]                #=> [ "b", "c" ]
+  #     a[1..3]                #=> [ "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a[4..7]                #=> [ "e" ]
+  #     a[6..10]               #=> nil
+  #     a[-3, 3]               #=> [ "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     # special cases
+  #     a[5]                   #=> nil
+  #     a[6, 1]                #=> nil
+  #     a[5, 1]                #=> []
+  #     a[5..10]               #=> []
+  #
+  def slice: (int index) -> Elem?
+           | (int start, int length) -> Array[Elem]?
+           | (Range[Integer] range) -> Array[Elem]?
+
+  # Deletes the element(s) given by an `index` (optionally up to `length`
+  # elements) or by a `range`.
+  #
+  # Returns the deleted object (or objects), or `nil` if the `index` is out of
+  # range.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.slice!(1)     #=> "b"
+  #     a               #=> ["a", "c"]
+  #     a.slice!(-1)    #=> "c"
+  #     a               #=> ["a"]
+  #     a.slice!(100)   #=> nil
+  #     a               #=> ["a"]
+  #
+  def slice!: (int index) -> Elem?
+            | (int start, int length) -> Array[Elem]?
+            | (Range[Integer] range) -> Array[Elem]?
+
+  # Returns a new array created by sorting `self`.
+  #
+  # Comparisons for the sort will be done using the `<=>` operator or using an
+  # optional code block.
+  #
+  # The block must implement a comparison between `a` and `b` and return an
+  # integer less than 0 when `b` follows `a`, `0` when `a` and `b` are equivalent,
+  # or an integer greater than 0 when `a` follows `b`.
+  #
+  # The result is not guaranteed to be stable.  When the comparison of two
+  # elements returns `0`, the order of the elements is unpredictable.
+  #
+  #     ary = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
+  #     ary.sort                     #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+  #     ary.sort {|a, b| b <=> a}    #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+  #
+  # To produce the reverse order, the following can also be used (and may be
+  # faster):
+  #
+  #     ary.sort.reverse!             #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#sort_by.
+  #
+  def sort: () -> ::Array[Elem]
+          | () { (Elem a, Elem b) -> Integer? } -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Sorts `self` in place.
+  #
+  # Comparisons for the sort will be done using the `<=>` operator or using an
+  # optional code block.
+  #
+  # The block must implement a comparison between `a` and `b` and return an
+  # integer less than 0 when `b` follows `a`, `0` when `a` and `b` are equivalent,
+  # or an integer greater than 0 when `a` follows `b`.
+  #
+  # The result is not guaranteed to be stable.  When the comparison of two
+  # elements returns `0`, the order of the elements is unpredictable.
+  #
+  #     ary = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
+  #     ary.sort!                     #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+  #     ary.sort! {|a, b| b <=> a}    #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#sort_by.
+  #
+  def sort!: () -> Array[Elem]
+           | () { (Elem a, Elem b) -> Integer? } -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Sorts `self` in place using a set of keys generated by mapping the values in
+  # `self` through the given block.
+  #
+  # The result is not guaranteed to be stable.  When two keys are equal, the order
+  # of the corresponding elements is unpredictable.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # See also Enumerable#sort_by.
+  #
+  def sort_by!: [U] () { (Elem obj) -> U } -> Array[Elem]
+              | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Returns the sum of elements. For example, [e1, e2, e3].sum returns init + e1 +
+  # e2 + e3.
+  #
+  # If a block is given, the block is applied to each element before addition.
+  #
+  # If *ary* is empty, it returns *init*.
+  #
+  #     [].sum                             #=> 0
+  #     [].sum(0.0)                        #=> 0.0
+  #     [1, 2, 3].sum                      #=> 6
+  #     [3, 5.5].sum                       #=> 8.5
+  #     [2.5, 3.0].sum(0.0) {|e| e * e }   #=> 15.25
+  #     [Object.new].sum                   #=> TypeError
+  #
+  # The (arithmetic) mean value of an array can be obtained as follows.
+  #
+  #     mean = ary.sum(0.0) / ary.length
+  #
+  # This method can be used for non-numeric objects by explicit *init* argument.
+  #
+  #     ["a", "b", "c"].sum("")            #=> "abc"
+  #     [[1], [[2]], [3]].sum([])          #=> [1, [2], 3]
+  #
+  # However, Array#join and Array#flatten is faster than Array#sum for array of
+  # strings and array of arrays.
+  #
+  #     ["a", "b", "c"].join               #=> "abc"
+  #     [[1], [[2]], [3]].flatten(1)       #=> [1, [2], 3]
+  #
+  # Array#sum method may not respect method redefinition of "+" methods such as
+  # Integer#+.
+  #
+  def sum: (?untyped init) -> untyped
+         | (?untyped init) { (Elem e) -> untyped } -> untyped
+
+  # Returns first `n` elements from the array.
+  #
+  # If a negative number is given, raises an ArgumentError.
+  #
+  # See also Array#drop
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
+  #     a.take(3)             #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #
+  def take: (int n) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Passes elements to the block until the block returns `nil` or `false`, then
+  # stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.
+  #
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  # See also Array#drop_while
+  #
+  #     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
+  #     a.take_while {|i| i < 3}    #=> [1, 2]
+  #
+  def take_while: () { (Elem obj) -> bool } -> Array[Elem]
+                | () -> Enumerator[Elem, Array[Elem]]
+
+  # Returns `self`.
+  #
+  # If called on a subclass of Array, converts the receiver to an Array object.
+  #
+  def to_a: () -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns `self`.
+  #
+  def to_ary: () -> self
+
+  # Returns the result of interpreting *ary* as an array of `[key, value]` pairs.
+  #
+  #     [[:foo, :bar], [1, 2]].to_h
+  #       # => {:foo => :bar, 1 => 2}
+  #
+  # If a block is given, the results of the block on each element of the array
+  # will be used as pairs.
+  #
+  #     ["foo", "bar"].to_h {|s| [s.ord, s]}
+  #       # => {102=>"foo", 98=>"bar"}
+  #
+  def to_h: () -> Hash[untyped, untyped]
+          | [T, S] () { (Elem) -> [T, S] } -> Hash[T, S]
+
+  alias to_s inspect
+
+  # Assumes that `self` is an array of arrays and transposes the rows and columns.
+  #
+  #     a = [[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]]
+  #     a.transpose   #=> [[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
+  #
+  # If the length of the subarrays don't match, an IndexError is raised.
+  #
+  def transpose: () -> Array[Array[untyped]]
+
+  # Set Union --- Returns a new array by joining `other_ary`s with `self`,
+  # excluding any duplicates and preserving the order from the given arrays.
+  #
+  # It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ].union( [ "c", "d", "a" ] )    #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     [ "a" ].union( ["e", "b"], ["a", "c", "b"] )    #=> [ "a", "e", "b", "c" ]
+  #     [ "a" ].union #=> [ "a" ]
+  #
+  # See also Array#|.
+  #
+  def union: [T] (*Array[T] other_arys) -> Array[T | Elem]
+
+  # Returns a new array by removing duplicate values in `self`.
+  #
+  # If a block is given, it will use the return value of the block for comparison.
+  #
+  # It compares values using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  # `self` is traversed in order, and the first occurrence is kept.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.uniq   # => ["a", "b", "c"]
+  #
+  #     b = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
+  #     b.uniq {|s| s.first}   # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]
+  #
+  def uniq: () -> Array[Elem]
+          | () { (Elem item) -> untyped } -> Array[Elem]
+
+  # Removes duplicate elements from `self`.
+  #
+  # If a block is given, it will use the return value of the block for comparison.
+  #
+  # It compares values using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  # `self` is traversed in order, and the first occurrence is kept.
+  #
+  # Returns `nil` if no changes are made (that is, no duplicates are found).
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
+  #     a.uniq!   # => ["a", "b", "c"]
+  #
+  #     b = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+  #     b.uniq!   # => nil
+  #
+  #     c = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
+  #     c.uniq! {|s| s.first}   # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]
+  #
+  def uniq!: () -> Array[Elem]?
+           | () { (Elem) -> untyped } -> Array[Elem]?
+
+  # Prepends objects to the front of `self`, moving other elements upwards. See
+  # also Array#shift for the opposite effect.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     a.unshift("a")   #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  #     a.unshift(1, 2)  #=> [ 1, 2, "a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  #
+  def unshift: (*Elem obj) -> ::Array[Elem]
+
+  # Returns an array containing the elements in `self` corresponding to the given
+  # `selector`(s).
+  #
+  # The selectors may be either integer indices or ranges.
+  #
+  # See also Array#select.
+  #
+  #     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
+  #     a.values_at(1, 3, 5)          # => ["b", "d", "f"]
+  #     a.values_at(1, 3, 5, 7)       # => ["b", "d", "f", nil]
+  #     a.values_at(-1, -2, -2, -7)   # => ["f", "e", "e", nil]
+  #     a.values_at(4..6, 3...6)      # => ["e", "f", nil, "d", "e", "f"]
+  #
+  def values_at: (*int | Range[Integer] selector) -> Array[Elem?]
+
+  # Converts any arguments to arrays, then merges elements of `self` with
+  # corresponding elements from each argument.
+  #
+  # This generates a sequence of `ary.size` *n*-element arrays, where *n* is one
+  # more than the count of arguments.
+  #
+  # If the size of any argument is less than the size of the initial array, `nil`
+  # values are supplied.
+  #
+  # If a block is given, it is invoked for each output `array`, otherwise an array
+  # of arrays is returned.
+  #
+  #     a = [ 4, 5, 6 ]
+  #     b = [ 7, 8, 9 ]
+  #     [1, 2, 3].zip(a, b)   #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]]
+  #     [1, 2].zip(a, b)      #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8]]
+  #     a.zip([1, 2], [8])    #=> [[4, 1, 8], [5, 2, nil], [6, nil, nil]]
+  #
+  def zip: [U] (Array[U] arg) -> Array[[ Elem, U? ]]
+         | (Array[untyped] arg, *Array[untyped] args) -> Array[Array[untyped]]
+         | [U] (Array[U] arg) { ([Elem, U?]) -> void } -> void
+         | (Array[untyped] arg, *Array[untyped] args) { (Array[untyped]) -> void } -> void
+
+  # Set Union --- Returns a new array by joining `ary` with `other_ary`, excluding
+  # any duplicates and preserving the order from the given arrays.
+  #
+  # It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+  #
+  #     [ "a", "b", "c" ] | [ "c", "d", "a" ]    #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+  #     [ "c", "d", "a" ] | [ "a", "b", "c" ]    #=> [ "c", "d", "a", "b" ]
+  #
+  # See also Array#union.
+  #
+  def |: [T] (Array[T] other_ary) -> Array[Elem | T]
+
+  private
+
+  # Replaces the contents of `self` with the contents of `other_ary`, truncating
+  # or expanding if necessary.
+  #
+  #     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
+  #     a.replace([ "x", "y", "z" ])   #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
+  #     a                              #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
+  #
+  def initialize_copy: (self other_ary) -> void
+end
+
+interface _ToAry[T]
+  def to_ary: () -> Array[T]
+end
+
+interface Array::_Pattern[T]
+  def ===: (T) -> bool
+end