rapid_stack 1.0.0 → 1.0.1

data/lib/rapid_stack/generators/generator-rapid/node_modules/tuf-js/node_modules/lru-cache/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
+# lru-cache
+
+A cache object that deletes the least-recently-used items.
+
+Specify a max number of the most recently used items that you
+want to keep, and this cache will keep that many of the most
+recently accessed items.
+
+This is not primarily a TTL cache, and does not make strong TTL
+guarantees. There is no preemptive pruning of expired items by
+default, but you _may_ set a TTL on the cache or on a single
+`set`. If you do so, it will treat expired items as missing, and
+delete them when fetched. If you are more interested in TTL
+caching than LRU caching, check out
+[@isaacs/ttlcache](http://npm.im/@isaacs/ttlcache).
+
+As of version 7, this is one of the most performant LRU
+implementations available in JavaScript, and supports a wide
+diversity of use cases. However, note that using some of the
+features will necessarily impact performance, by causing the
+cache to have to do more work. See the "Performance" section
+below.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+npm install lru-cache --save
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+// hybrid module, either works
+import LRUCache from 'lru-cache'
+// or:
+const LRUCache = require('lru-cache')
+
+// At least one of 'max', 'ttl', or 'maxSize' is required, to prevent
+// unsafe unbounded storage.
+//
+// In most cases, it's best to specify a max for performance, so all
+// the required memory allocation is done up-front.
+//
+// All the other options are optional, see the sections below for
+// documentation on what each one does.  Most of them can be
+// overridden for specific items in get()/set()
+const options = {
+  max: 500,
+
+  // for use with tracking overall storage size
+  maxSize: 5000,
+  sizeCalculation: (value, key) => {
+    return 1
+  },
+
+  // for use when you need to clean up something when objects
+  // are evicted from the cache
+  dispose: (value, key) => {
+    freeFromMemoryOrWhatever(value)
+  },
+
+  // how long to live in ms
+  ttl: 1000 * 60 * 5,
+
+  // return stale items before removing from cache?
+  allowStale: false,
+
+  updateAgeOnGet: false,
+  updateAgeOnHas: false,
+
+  // async method to use for cache.fetch(), for
+  // stale-while-revalidate type of behavior
+  fetchMethod: async (key, staleValue, { options, signal }) => {},
+}
+
+const cache = new LRUCache(options)
+
+cache.set('key', 'value')
+cache.get('key') // "value"
+
+// non-string keys ARE fully supported
+// but note that it must be THE SAME object, not
+// just a JSON-equivalent object.
+var someObject = { a: 1 }
+cache.set(someObject, 'a value')
+// Object keys are not toString()-ed
+cache.set('[object Object]', 'a different value')
+assert.equal(cache.get(someObject), 'a value')
+// A similar object with same keys/values won't work,
+// because it's a different object identity
+assert.equal(cache.get({ a: 1 }), undefined)
+
+cache.clear() // empty the cache
+```
+
+If you put more stuff in it, then items will fall out.
+
+## Options
+
+### `max`
+
+The maximum number of items that remain in the cache (assuming no
+TTL pruning or explicit deletions). Note that fewer items may be
+stored if size calculation is used, and `maxSize` is exceeded.
+This must be a positive finite intger.
+
+At least one of `max`, `maxSize`, or `TTL` is required. This
+must be a positive integer if set.
+
+**It is strongly recommended to set a `max` to prevent unbounded
+growth of the cache.** See "Storage Bounds Safety" below.
+
+### `maxSize`
+
+Set to a positive integer to track the sizes of items added to
+the cache, and automatically evict items in order to stay below
+this size. Note that this may result in fewer than `max` items
+being stored.
+
+Attempting to add an item to the cache whose calculated size is
+greater that this amount will be a no-op. The item will not be
+cached, and no other items will be evicted.
+
+Optional, must be a positive integer if provided.
+
+Sets `maxEntrySize` to the same value, unless a different value
+is provided for `maxEntrySize`.
+
+At least one of `max`, `maxSize`, or `TTL` is required. This
+must be a positive integer if set.
+
+Even if size tracking is enabled, **it is strongly recommended to
+set a `max` to prevent unbounded growth of the cache.** See
+"Storage Bounds Safety" below.
+
+### `maxEntrySize`
+
+Set to a positive integer to track the sizes of items added to
+the cache, and prevent caching any item over a given size.
+Attempting to add an item whose calculated size is greater than
+this amount will be a no-op. The item will not be cached, and no
+other items will be evicted.
+
+Optional, must be a positive integer if provided. Defaults to
+the value of `maxSize` if provided.
+
+### `sizeCalculation`
+
+Function used to calculate the size of stored items. If you're
+storing strings or buffers, then you probably want to do
+something like `n => n.length`. The item is passed as the first
+argument, and the key is passed as the second argument.
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.set()`.
+
+Requires `maxSize` to be set.
+
+If the `size` (or return value of `sizeCalculation`) for a given
+entry is greater than `maxEntrySize`, then the item will not be
+added to the cache.
+
+Deprecated alias: `length`
+
+### `fetchMethod`
+
+Function that is used to make background asynchronous fetches.
+Called with `fetchMethod(key, staleValue, { signal, options,
+context })`. May return a Promise.
+
+If `fetchMethod` is not provided, then `cache.fetch(key)` is
+equivalent to `Promise.resolve(cache.get(key))`.
+
+The `signal` object is an `AbortSignal` if that's available in
+the global object, otherwise it's a pretty close polyfill.
+
+If at any time, `signal.aborted` is set to `true`, or if the
+`signal.onabort` method is called, or if it emits an `'abort'`
+event which you can listen to with `addEventListener`, then that
+means that the fetch should be abandoned. This may be passed
+along to async functions aware of AbortController/AbortSignal
+behavior.
+
+The `fetchMethod` should **only** return `undefined` or a Promise
+resolving to `undefined` if the AbortController signaled an
+`abort` event. In all other cases, it should return or resolve
+to a value suitable for adding to the cache.
+
+The `options` object is a union of the options that may be
+provided to `set()` and `get()`. If they are modified, then that
+will result in modifying the settings to `cache.set()` when the
+value is resolved, and in the case of `noDeleteOnFetchRejection`
+and `allowStaleOnFetchRejection`, the handling of `fetchMethod`
+failures.
+
+For example, a DNS cache may update the TTL based on the value
+returned from a remote DNS server by changing `options.ttl` in
+the `fetchMethod`.
+
+### `fetchContext`
+
+Arbitrary data that can be passed to the `fetchMethod` as the
+`context` option.
+
+Note that this will only be relevant when the `cache.fetch()`
+call needs to call `fetchMethod()`. Thus, any data which will
+meaningfully vary the fetch response needs to be present in the
+key. This is primarily intended for including `x-request-id`
+headers and the like for debugging purposes, which do not affect
+the `fetchMethod()` response.
+
+### `noDeleteOnFetchRejection`
+
+If a `fetchMethod` throws an error or returns a rejected promise,
+then by default, any existing stale value will be removed from
+the cache.
+
+If `noDeleteOnFetchRejection` is set to `true`, then this
+behavior is suppressed, and the stale value remains in the cache
+in the case of a rejected `fetchMethod`.
+
+This is important in cases where a `fetchMethod` is _only_ called
+as a background update while the stale value is returned, when
+`allowStale` is used.
+
+This is implicitly in effect when `allowStaleOnFetchRejection` is
+set.
+
+This may be set in calls to `fetch()`, or defaulted on the
+constructor, or overridden by modifying the options object in the
+`fetchMethod`.
+
+### `allowStaleOnFetchRejection`
+
+Set to true to return a stale value from the cache when a
+`fetchMethod` throws an error or returns a rejected Promise.
+
+If a `fetchMethod` fails, and there is no stale value available,
+the `fetch()` will resolve to `undefined`. Ie, all `fetchMethod`
+errors are suppressed.
+
+Implies `noDeleteOnFetchRejection`.
+
+This may be set in calls to `fetch()`, or defaulted on the
+constructor, or overridden by modifying the options object in the
+`fetchMethod`.
+
+### `allowStaleOnFetchAbort`
+
+Set to true to return a stale value from the cache when the
+`AbortSignal` passed to the `fetchMethod` dispatches an `'abort'`
+event, whether user-triggered, or due to internal cache behavior.
+
+Unless `ignoreFetchAbort` is also set, the underlying
+`fetchMethod` will still be considered canceled, and its return
+value will be ignored and not cached.
+
+### `ignoreFetchAbort`
+
+Set to true to ignore the `abort` event emitted by the
+`AbortSignal` object passed to `fetchMethod`, and still cache the
+resulting resolution value, as long as it is not `undefined`.
+
+When used on its own, this means aborted `fetch()` calls are not
+immediately resolved or rejected when they are aborted, and
+instead take the full time to await.
+
+When used with `allowStaleOnFetchAbort`, aborted `fetch()` calls
+will resolve immediately to their stale cached value or
+`undefined`, and will continue to process and eventually update
+the cache when they resolve, as long as the resulting value is
+not `undefined`, thus supporting a "return stale on timeout while
+refreshing" mechanism by passing `AbortSignal.timeout(n)` as the
+signal.
+
+For example:
+
+```js
+const c = new LRUCache({
+  ttl: 100,
+  ignoreFetchAbort: true,
+  allowStaleOnFetchAbort: true,
+  fetchMethod: async (key, oldValue, { signal }) => {
+    // note: do NOT pass the signal to fetch()!
+    // let's say this fetch can take a long time.
+    const res = await fetch(`https://slow-backend-server/${key}`)
+    return await res.json()
+  },
+})
+
+// this will return the stale value after 100ms, while still
+// updating in the background for next time.
+const val = await c.fetch('key', { signal: AbortSignal.timeout(100) })
+```
+
+**Note**: regardless of this setting, an `abort` event _is still
+emitted on the `AbortSignal` object_, so may result in invalid
+results when passed to other underlying APIs that use
+AbortSignals.
+
+This may be overridden on the `fetch()` call or in the
+`fetchMethod` itself.
+
+### `dispose`
+
+Function that is called on items when they are dropped from the
+cache, as `this.dispose(value, key, reason)`.
+
+This can be handy if you want to close file descriptors or do
+other cleanup tasks when items are no longer stored in the cache.
+
+**NOTE**: It is called _before_ the item has been fully removed
+from the cache, so if you want to put it right back in, you need
+to wait until the next tick. If you try to add it back in during
+the `dispose()` function call, it will break things in subtle and
+weird ways.
+
+Unlike several other options, this may _not_ be overridden by
+passing an option to `set()`, for performance reasons. If
+disposal functions may vary between cache entries, then the
+entire list must be scanned on every cache swap, even if no
+disposal function is in use.
+
+The `reason` will be one of the following strings, corresponding
+to the reason for the item's deletion:
+
+- `evict` Item was evicted to make space for a new addition
+- `set` Item was overwritten by a new value
+- `delete` Item was removed by explicit `cache.delete(key)` or by
+  calling `cache.clear()`, which deletes everything.
+
+The `dispose()` method is _not_ called for canceled calls to
+`fetchMethod()`. If you wish to handle evictions, overwrites,
+and deletes of in-flight asynchronous fetches, you must use the
+`AbortSignal` provided.
+
+Optional, must be a function.
+
+### `disposeAfter`
+
+The same as `dispose`, but called _after_ the entry is completely
+removed and the cache is once again in a clean state.
+
+It is safe to add an item right back into the cache at this
+point. However, note that it is _very_ easy to inadvertently
+create infinite recursion in this way.
+
+The `disposeAfter()` method is _not_ called for canceled calls to
+`fetchMethod()`. If you wish to handle evictions, overwrites,
+and deletes of in-flight asynchronous fetches, you must use the
+`AbortSignal` provided.
+
+### `noDisposeOnSet`
+
+Set to `true` to suppress calling the `dispose()` function if the
+entry key is still accessible within the cache.
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.set()`.
+
+Boolean, default `false`. Only relevant if `dispose` or
+`disposeAfter` options are set.
+
+### `ttl`
+
+Max time to live for items before they are considered stale.
+Note that stale items are NOT preemptively removed by default,
+and MAY live in the cache, contributing to its LRU max, long
+after they have expired.
+
+Also, as this cache is optimized for LRU/MRU operations, some of
+the staleness/TTL checks will reduce performance.
+
+This is not primarily a TTL cache, and does not make strong TTL
+guarantees. There is no pre-emptive pruning of expired items,
+but you _may_ set a TTL on the cache, and it will treat expired
+items as missing when they are fetched, and delete them.
+
+Optional, but must be a positive integer in ms if specified.
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.set()`.
+
+At least one of `max`, `maxSize`, or `TTL` is required. This
+must be a positive integer if set.
+
+Even if ttl tracking is enabled, **it is strongly recommended to
+set a `max` to prevent unbounded growth of the cache.** See
+"Storage Bounds Safety" below.
+
+If ttl tracking is enabled, and `max` and `maxSize` are not set,
+and `ttlAutopurge` is not set, then a warning will be emitted
+cautioning about the potential for unbounded memory consumption.
+
+Deprecated alias: `maxAge`
+
+### `noUpdateTTL`
+
+Boolean flag to tell the cache to not update the TTL when setting
+a new value for an existing key (ie, when updating a value rather
+than inserting a new value). Note that the TTL value is _always_
+set (if provided) when adding a new entry into the cache.
+
+This may be passed as an option to `cache.set()`.
+
+Boolean, default false.
+
+### `ttlResolution`
+
+Minimum amount of time in ms in which to check for staleness.
+Defaults to `1`, which means that the current time is checked at
+most once per millisecond.
+
+Set to `0` to check the current time every time staleness is
+tested.
+
+Note that setting this to a higher value _will_ improve
+performance somewhat while using ttl tracking, albeit at the
+expense of keeping stale items around a bit longer than intended.
+
+### `ttlAutopurge`
+
+Preemptively remove stale items from the cache.
+
+Note that this may _significantly_ degrade performance,
+especially if the cache is storing a large number of items. It
+is almost always best to just leave the stale items in the cache,
+and let them fall out as new items are added.
+
+Note that this means that `allowStale` is a bit pointless, as
+stale items will be deleted almost as soon as they expire.
+
+Use with caution!
+
+Boolean, default `false`
+
+### `allowStale`
+
+By default, if you set `ttl`, it'll only delete stale items from
+the cache when you `get(key)`. That is, it's not preemptively
+pruning items.
+
+If you set `allowStale:true`, it'll return the stale value as
+well as deleting it. If you don't set this, then it'll return
+`undefined` when you try to get a stale entry.
+
+Note that when a stale entry is fetched, _even if it is returned
+due to `allowStale` being set_, it is removed from the cache
+immediately. You can immediately put it back in the cache if you
+wish, thus resetting the TTL.
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.get()`. The `cache.has()` method will always return
+`false` for stale items.
+
+Boolean, default false, only relevant if `ttl` is set.
+
+Deprecated alias: `stale`
+
+### `noDeleteOnStaleGet`
+
+When using time-expiring entries with `ttl`, by default stale
+items will be removed from the cache when the key is accessed
+with `cache.get()`.
+
+Setting `noDeleteOnStaleGet` to `true` will cause stale items to
+remain in the cache, until they are explicitly deleted with
+`cache.delete(key)`, or retrieved with `noDeleteOnStaleGet` set
+to `false`.
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.get()`.
+
+Boolean, default false, only relevant if `ttl` is set.
+
+### `updateAgeOnGet`
+
+When using time-expiring entries with `ttl`, setting this to
+`true` will make each item's age reset to 0 whenever it is
+retrieved from cache with `get()`, causing it to not expire. (It
+can still fall out of cache based on recency of use, of course.)
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.get()`.
+
+Boolean, default false, only relevant if `ttl` is set.
+
+### `updateAgeOnHas`
+
+When using time-expiring entries with `ttl`, setting this to
+`true` will make each item's age reset to 0 whenever its presence
+in the cache is checked with `has()`, causing it to not expire.
+(It can still fall out of cache based on recency of use, of
+course.)
+
+This may be overridden by passing an options object to
+`cache.has()`.
+
+Boolean, default false, only relevant if `ttl` is set.
+
+## API
+
+### `new LRUCache(options)`
+
+Create a new LRUCache. All options are documented above, and are
+on the cache as public members.
+
+### `cache.max`, `cache.maxSize`, `cache.allowStale`,
+
+`cache.noDisposeOnSet`, `cache.sizeCalculation`, `cache.dispose`,
+`cache.maxSize`, `cache.ttl`, `cache.updateAgeOnGet`,
+`cache.updateAgeOnHas`
+
+All option names are exposed as public members on the cache
+object.
+
+These are intended for read access only. Changing them during
+program operation can cause undefined behavior.
+
+### `cache.size`
+
+The total number of items held in the cache at the current
+moment.
+
+### `cache.calculatedSize`
+
+The total size of items in cache when using size tracking.
+
+### `set(key, value, [{ size, sizeCalculation, ttl, noDisposeOnSet, start, status }])`
+
+Add a value to the cache.
+
+Optional options object may contain `ttl` and `sizeCalculation`
+as described above, which default to the settings on the cache
+object.
+
+If `start` is provided, then that will set the effective start
+time for the TTL calculation. Note that this must be a previous
+value of `performance.now()` if supported, or a previous value of
+`Date.now()` if not.
+
+Options object may also include `size`, which will prevent
+calling the `sizeCalculation` function and just use the specified
+number if it is a positive integer, and `noDisposeOnSet` which
+will prevent calling a `dispose` function in the case of
+overwrites.
+
+If the `size` (or return value of `sizeCalculation`) for a given
+entry is greater than `maxEntrySize`, then the item will not be
+added to the cache.
+
+Will update the recency of the entry.
+
+Returns the cache object.
+
+For the usage of the `status` option, see **Status Tracking**
+below.
+
+### `get(key, { updateAgeOnGet, allowStale, status } = {}) => value`
+
+Return a value from the cache.
+
+Will update the recency of the cache entry found.
+
+If the key is not found, `get()` will return `undefined`. This
+can be confusing when setting values specifically to `undefined`,
+as in `cache.set(key, undefined)`. Use `cache.has()` to
+determine whether a key is present in the cache at all.
+
+For the usage of the `status` option, see **Status Tracking**
+below.
+
+### `async fetch(key, options = {}) => Promise`
+
+The following options are supported:
+
+- `updateAgeOnGet`
+- `allowStale`
+- `size`
+- `sizeCalculation`
+- `ttl`
+- `noDisposeOnSet`
+- `forceRefresh`
+- `status` - See **Status Tracking** below.
+- `signal` - AbortSignal can be used to cancel the `fetch()`.
+  Note that the `signal` option provided to the `fetchMethod` is
+  a different object, because it must also respond to internal
+  cache state changes, but aborting this signal will abort the
+  one passed to `fetchMethod` as well.
+- `fetchContext` - sets the `context` option passed to the
+  underlying `fetchMethod`.
+
+If the value is in the cache and not stale, then the returned
+Promise resolves to the value.
+
+If not in the cache, or beyond its TTL staleness, then
+`fetchMethod(key, staleValue, { options, signal, context })` is
+called, and the value returned will be added to the cache once
+resolved.
+
+If called with `allowStale`, and an asynchronous fetch is
+currently in progress to reload a stale value, then the former
+stale value will be returned.
+
+If called with `forceRefresh`, then the cached item will be
+re-fetched, even if it is not stale. However, if `allowStale` is
+set, then the old value will still be returned. This is useful
+in cases where you want to force a reload of a cached value. If
+a background fetch is already in progress, then `forceRefresh`
+has no effect.
+
+Multiple fetches for the same `key` will only call `fetchMethod`
+a single time, and all will be resolved when the value is
+resolved, even if different options are used.
+
+If `fetchMethod` is not specified, then this is effectively an
+alias for `Promise.resolve(cache.get(key))`.
+
+When the fetch method resolves to a value, if the fetch has not
+been aborted due to deletion, eviction, or being overwritten,
+then it is added to the cache using the options provided.
+
+If the key is evicted or deleted before the `fetchMethod`
+resolves, then the AbortSignal passed to the `fetchMethod` will
+receive an `abort` event, and the promise returned by `fetch()`
+will reject with the reason for the abort.
+
+If a `signal` is passed to the `fetch()` call, then aborting the
+signal will abort the fetch and cause the `fetch()` promise to
+reject with the reason provided.
+
+### `peek(key, { allowStale } = {}) => value`
+
+Like `get()` but doesn't update recency or delete stale items.
+
+Returns `undefined` if the item is stale, unless `allowStale` is
+set either on the cache or in the options object.
+
+### `has(key, { updateAgeOnHas, status } = {}) => Boolean`
+
+Check if a key is in the cache, without updating the recency of
+use. Age is updated if `updateAgeOnHas` is set to `true` in
+either the options or the constructor.
+
+Will return `false` if the item is stale, even though it is
+technically in the cache.  The difference can be determined (if
+it matters) by using a `status` argument, and inspecting the
+`has` field.
+
+For the usage of the `status` option, see **Status Tracking**
+below.
+
+### `delete(key)`
+
+Deletes a key out of the cache.
+
+Returns `true` if the key was deleted, `false` otherwise.
+
+### `clear()`
+
+Clear the cache entirely, throwing away all values.
+
+Deprecated alias: `reset()`
+
+### `keys()`
+
+Return a generator yielding the keys in the cache, in order from
+most recently used to least recently used.
+
+### `rkeys()`
+
+Return a generator yielding the keys in the cache, in order from
+least recently used to most recently used.
+
+### `values()`
+
+Return a generator yielding the values in the cache, in order
+from most recently used to least recently used.
+
+### `rvalues()`
+
+Return a generator yielding the values in the cache, in order
+from least recently used to most recently used.
+
+### `entries()`
+
+Return a generator yielding `[key, value]` pairs, in order from
+most recently used to least recently used.
+
+### `rentries()`
+
+Return a generator yielding `[key, value]` pairs, in order from
+least recently used to most recently used.
+
+### `find(fn, [getOptions])`
+
+Find a value for which the supplied `fn` method returns a truthy
+value, similar to `Array.find()`.
+
+`fn` is called as `fn(value, key, cache)`.
+
+The optional `getOptions` are applied to the resulting `get()` of
+the item found.
+
+### `dump()`
+
+Return an array of `[key, entry]` objects which can be passed to
+`cache.load()`
+
+The `start` fields are calculated relative to a portable
+`Date.now()` timestamp, even if `performance.now()` is available.
+
+Stale entries are always included in the `dump`, even if
+`allowStale` is false.
+
+Note: this returns an actual array, not a generator, so it can be
+more easily passed around.
+
+### `load(entries)`
+
+Reset the cache and load in the items in `entries` in the order
+listed. Note that the shape of the resulting cache may be
+different if the same options are not used in both caches.
+
+The `start` fields are assumed to be calculated relative to a
+portable `Date.now()` timestamp, even if `performance.now()` is
+available.
+
+### `purgeStale()`
+
+Delete any stale entries. Returns `true` if anything was
+removed, `false` otherwise.
+
+Deprecated alias: `prune`
+
+### `getRemainingTTL(key)`
+
+Return the number of ms left in the item's TTL. If item is not
+in cache, returns `0`. Returns `Infinity` if item is in cache
+without a defined TTL.
+
+### `forEach(fn, [thisp])`
+
+Call the `fn` function with each set of `fn(value, key, cache)`
+in the LRU cache, from most recent to least recently used.
+
+Does not affect recency of use.
+
+If `thisp` is provided, function will be called in the
+`this`-context of the provided object.
+
+### `rforEach(fn, [thisp])`
+
+Same as `cache.forEach(fn, thisp)`, but in order from least
+recently used to most recently used.
+
+### `pop()`
+
+Evict the least recently used item, returning its value.
+
+Returns `undefined` if cache is empty.
+
+### Internal Methods and Properties
+
+In order to optimize performance as much as possible, "private"
+members and methods are exposed on the object as normal
+properties, rather than being accessed via Symbols, private
+members, or closure variables.
+
+**Do not use or rely on these.** They will change or be removed
+without notice. They will cause undefined behavior if used
+inappropriately. There is no need or reason to ever call them
+directly.
+
+This documentation is here so that it is especially clear that
+this not "undocumented" because someone forgot; it _is_
+documented, and the documentation is telling you not to do it.
+
+**Do not report bugs that stem from using these properties.**
+They will be ignored.
+
+- `initializeTTLTracking()` Set up the cache for tracking TTLs
+- `updateItemAge(index)` Called when an item age is updated, by
+  internal ID
+- `setItemTTL(index)` Called when an item ttl is updated, by
+  internal ID
+- `isStale(index)` Called to check an item's staleness, by
+  internal ID
+- `initializeSizeTracking()` Set up the cache for tracking item
+  size. Called automatically when a size is specified.
+- `removeItemSize(index)` Updates the internal size calculation
+  when an item is removed or modified, by internal ID
+- `addItemSize(index)` Updates the internal size calculation when
+  an item is added or modified, by internal ID
+- `indexes()` An iterator over the non-stale internal IDs, from
+  most recently to least recently used.
+- `rindexes()` An iterator over the non-stale internal IDs, from
+  least recently to most recently used.
+- `newIndex()` Create a new internal ID, either reusing a deleted
+  ID, evicting the least recently used ID, or walking to the end
+  of the allotted space.
+- `evict()` Evict the least recently used internal ID, returning
+  its ID. Does not do any bounds checking.
+- `connect(p, n)` Connect the `p` and `n` internal IDs in the
+  linked list.
+- `moveToTail(index)` Move the specified internal ID to the most
+  recently used position.
+- `keyMap` Map of keys to internal IDs
+- `keyList` List of keys by internal ID
+- `valList` List of values by internal ID
+- `sizes` List of calculated sizes by internal ID
+- `ttls` List of TTL values by internal ID
+- `starts` List of start time values by internal ID
+- `next` Array of "next" pointers by internal ID
+- `prev` Array of "previous" pointers by internal ID
+- `head` Internal ID of least recently used item
+- `tail` Internal ID of most recently used item
+- `free` Stack of deleted internal IDs
+
+## Status Tracking
+
+Occasionally, it may be useful to track the internal behavior of
+the cache, particularly for logging, debugging, or for behavior
+within the `fetchMethod`.  To do this, you can pass a `status`
+object to the `get()`, `set()`, `has()`, and `fetch()` methods.
+
+The `status` option should be a plain JavaScript object.
+
+The following fields will be set appropriately:
+
+```ts
+interface Status<V> {
+  /**
+   * The status of a set() operation.
+   *
+   * - add: the item was not found in the cache, and was added
+   * - update: the item was in the cache, with the same value provided
+   * - replace: the item was in the cache, and replaced
+   * - miss: the item was not added to the cache for some reason
+   */
+  set?: 'add' | 'update' | 'replace' | 'miss'
+
+  /**
+   * the ttl stored for the item, or undefined if ttls are not used.
+   */
+  ttl?: LRUMilliseconds
+
+  /**
+   * the start time for the item, or undefined if ttls are not used.
+   */
+  start?: LRUMilliseconds
+
+  /**
+   * The timestamp used for TTL calculation
+   */
+  now?: LRUMilliseconds
+
+  /**
+   * the remaining ttl for the item, or undefined if ttls are not used.
+   */
+  remainingTTL?: LRUMilliseconds
+
+  /**
+   * The calculated size for the item, if sizes are used.
+   */
+  size?: LRUSize
+
+  /**
+   * A flag indicating that the item was not stored, due to exceeding the
+   * {@link maxEntrySize}
+   */
+  maxEntrySizeExceeded?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The old value, specified in the case of `set:'update'` or
+   * `set:'replace'`
+   */
+  oldValue?: V
+
+  /**
+   * The results of a {@link has} operation
+   *
+   * - hit: the item was found in the cache
+   * - stale: the item was found in the cache, but is stale
+   * - miss: the item was not found in the cache
+   */
+  has?: 'hit' | 'stale' | 'miss'
+
+  /**
+   * The status of a {@link fetch} operation.
+   * Note that this can change as the underlying fetch() moves through
+   * various states.
+   *
+   * - inflight: there is another fetch() for this key which is in process
+   * - get: there is no fetchMethod, so {@link get} was called.
+   * - miss: the item is not in cache, and will be fetched.
+   * - hit: the item is in the cache, and was resolved immediately.
+   * - stale: the item is in the cache, but stale.
+   * - refresh: the item is in the cache, and not stale, but
+   *   {@link forceRefresh} was specified.
+   */
+  fetch?: 'get' | 'inflight' | 'miss' | 'hit' | 'stale' | 'refresh'
+
+  /**
+   * The {@link fetchMethod} was called
+   */
+  fetchDispatched?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The cached value was updated after a successful call to fetchMethod
+   */
+  fetchUpdated?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The reason for a fetch() rejection.  Either the error raised by the
+   * {@link fetchMethod}, or the reason for an AbortSignal.
+   */
+  fetchError?: Error
+
+  /**
+   * The fetch received an abort signal
+   */
+  fetchAborted?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The abort signal received was ignored, and the fetch was allowed to
+   * continue.
+   */
+  fetchAbortIgnored?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The fetchMethod promise resolved successfully
+   */
+  fetchResolved?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The results of the fetchMethod promise were stored in the cache
+   */
+  fetchUpdated?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The fetchMethod promise was rejected
+   */
+  fetchRejected?: true
+
+  /**
+   * The status of a {@link get} operation.
+   *
+   * - fetching: The item is currently being fetched.  If a previous value is
+   *   present and allowed, that will be returned.
+   * - stale: The item is in the cache, and is stale.
+   * - hit: the item is in the cache
+   * - miss: the item is not in the cache
+   */
+  get?: 'stale' | 'hit' | 'miss'
+
+  /**
+   * A fetch or get operation returned a stale value.
+   */
+  returnedStale?: true
+}
+```
+
+## Storage Bounds Safety
+
+This implementation aims to be as flexible as possible, within
+the limits of safe memory consumption and optimal performance.
+
+At initial object creation, storage is allocated for `max` items.
+If `max` is set to zero, then some performance is lost, and item
+count is unbounded. Either `maxSize` or `ttl` _must_ be set if
+`max` is not specified.
+
+If `maxSize` is set, then this creates a safe limit on the
+maximum storage consumed, but without the performance benefits of
+pre-allocation. When `maxSize` is set, every item _must_ provide
+a size, either via the `sizeCalculation` method provided to the
+constructor, or via a `size` or `sizeCalculation` option provided
+to `cache.set()`. The size of every item _must_ be a positive
+integer.
+
+If neither `max` nor `maxSize` are set, then `ttl` tracking must
+be enabled. Note that, even when tracking item `ttl`, items are
+_not_ preemptively deleted when they become stale, unless
+`ttlAutopurge` is enabled. Instead, they are only purged the
+next time the key is requested. Thus, if `ttlAutopurge`, `max`,
+and `maxSize` are all not set, then the cache will potentially
+grow unbounded.
+
+In this case, a warning is printed to standard error. Future
+versions may require the use of `ttlAutopurge` if `max` and
+`maxSize` are not specified.
+
+If you truly wish to use a cache that is bound _only_ by TTL
+expiration, consider using a `Map` object, and calling
+`setTimeout` to delete entries when they expire. It will perform
+much better than an LRU cache.
+
+Here is an implementation you may use, under the same
+[license](./LICENSE) as this package:
+
+```js
+// a storage-unbounded ttl cache that is not an lru-cache
+const cache = {
+  data: new Map(),
+  timers: new Map(),
+  set: (k, v, ttl) => {
+    if (cache.timers.has(k)) {
+      clearTimeout(cache.timers.get(k))
+    }
+    cache.timers.set(
+      k,
+      setTimeout(() => cache.delete(k), ttl)
+    )
+    cache.data.set(k, v)
+  },
+  get: k => cache.data.get(k),
+  has: k => cache.data.has(k),
+  delete: k => {
+    if (cache.timers.has(k)) {
+      clearTimeout(cache.timers.get(k))
+    }
+    cache.timers.delete(k)
+    return cache.data.delete(k)
+  },
+  clear: () => {
+    cache.data.clear()
+    for (const v of cache.timers.values()) {
+      clearTimeout(v)
+    }
+    cache.timers.clear()
+  },
+}
+```
+
+If that isn't to your liking, check out
+[@isaacs/ttlcache](http://npm.im/@isaacs/ttlcache).
+
+## Performance
+
+As of January 2022, version 7 of this library is one of the most
+performant LRU cache implementations in JavaScript.
+
+Benchmarks can be extremely difficult to get right. In
+particular, the performance of set/get/delete operations on
+objects will vary _wildly_ depending on the type of key used. V8
+is highly optimized for objects with keys that are short strings,
+especially integer numeric strings. Thus any benchmark which
+tests _solely_ using numbers as keys will tend to find that an
+object-based approach performs the best.
+
+Note that coercing _anything_ to strings to use as object keys is
+unsafe, unless you can be 100% certain that no other type of
+value will be used. For example:
+
+```js
+const myCache = {}
+const set = (k, v) => (myCache[k] = v)
+const get = k => myCache[k]
+
+set({}, 'please hang onto this for me')
+set('[object Object]', 'oopsie')
+```
+
+Also beware of "Just So" stories regarding performance. Garbage
+collection of large (especially: deep) object graphs can be
+incredibly costly, with several "tipping points" where it
+increases exponentially. As a result, putting that off until
+later can make it much worse, and less predictable. If a library
+performs well, but only in a scenario where the object graph is
+kept shallow, then that won't help you if you are using large
+objects as keys.
+
+In general, when attempting to use a library to improve
+performance (such as a cache like this one), it's best to choose
+an option that will perform well in the sorts of scenarios where
+you'll actually use it.
+
+This library is optimized for repeated gets and minimizing
+eviction time, since that is the expected need of a LRU. Set
+operations are somewhat slower on average than a few other
+options, in part because of that optimization. It is assumed
+that you'll be caching some costly operation, ideally as rarely
+as possible, so optimizing set over get would be unwise.
+
+If performance matters to you:
+
+1. If it's at all possible to use small integer values as keys,
+   and you can guarantee that no other types of values will be
+   used as keys, then do that, and use a cache such as
+   [lru-fast](https://npmjs.com/package/lru-fast), or
+   [mnemonist's
+   LRUCache](https://yomguithereal.github.io/mnemonist/lru-cache)
+   which uses an Object as its data store.
+2. Failing that, if at all possible, use short non-numeric
+   strings (ie, less than 256 characters) as your keys, and use
+   [mnemonist's
+   LRUCache](https://yomguithereal.github.io/mnemonist/lru-cache).
+3. If the types of your keys will be long strings, strings that
+   look like floats, `null`, objects, or some mix of types, or if
+   you aren't sure, then this library will work well for you.
+4. Do not use a `dispose` function, size tracking, or especially
+   ttl behavior, unless absolutely needed. These features are
+   convenient, and necessary in some use cases, and every attempt
+   has been made to make the performance impact minimal, but it
+   isn't nothing.
+
+## Breaking Changes in Version 7
+
+This library changed to a different algorithm and internal data
+structure in version 7, yielding significantly better
+performance, albeit with some subtle changes as a result.
+
+If you were relying on the internals of LRUCache in version 6 or
+before, it probably will not work in version 7 and above.
+
+For more info, see the [change log](CHANGELOG.md).