railties 3.0.11 → 3.0.12.rc1

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- <h2>Rails Application Templates</h2>
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- <p>Application templates are simple Ruby files containing <span class="caps">DSL</span> for adding plugins/gems/initializers etc. to your freshly created Rails project or an existing Rails project.</p>
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- <p>To apply a template, you need to provide the Rails generator with the location of the template you wish to apply, using -m option. This can either be path to a file or a <span class="caps">URL</span>.</p>
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- $ rails new blog -m ~/template.rb
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- <p>You can use the rake task <tt>rails:template</tt> to apply templates to an existing Rails application. The location of the template needs to be passed in to an environment variable named <span class="caps">LOCATION</span>. Again, this can either be path to a file or a <span class="caps">URL</span>.</p>
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- $ rake rails:template LOCATION=~/template.rb
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- # template.rb
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- run &quot;rm public/index.html&quot;
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- generate(:scaffold, &quot;person name:string&quot;)
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- <p>The following sections outlines the primary methods provided by the <span class="caps">API</span>:</p>
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- <p>Adds a <tt>gem</tt> entry for the supplied gem to the generated application’s <tt>Gemfile</tt>.</p>
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- bundle install
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- <p>Wraps gem entries inside a group.</p>
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- <p>For example, if you want to load <tt>rspec-rails</tt> only in <tt>development</tt> and <tt>test</tt> group:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- gem_group :development, :test do
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- gem &quot;rspec-rails&quot;
169
- end
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="add_source-source-options">2.3 add_source(source, options = {})</h4>
173
- <p>Adds the given source to the generated application&#8217;s <tt>Gemfile</tt>.</p>
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- <p>For example, if you need to source a gem from &#8220;http://code.whytheluckystiff.net&#8221;:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- add_source &quot;http://code.whytheluckystiff.net&quot;
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="plugin-name-options">2.4 plugin(name, options = {})</h4>
181
- <p>Installs a plugin to the generated application.</p>
182
- <p>Plugin can be installed from Git:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
185
- plugin 'authentication', :git =&gt; 'git://github.com/foor/bar.git'
186
- </pre>
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- </div>
188
- <p>You can even install plugins as git submodules:</p>
189
- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
191
- plugin 'authentication', :git =&gt; 'git://github.com/foor/bar.git',
192
- :submodule =&gt; true
193
- </pre>
194
- </div>
195
- <p>Please note that you need to <tt>git :init</tt> before you can install a plugin as a submodule.</p>
196
- <p>Or use plain old <span class="caps">SVN</span>:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- plugin 'usingsvn', :svn =&gt; 'svn://example.com/usingsvn/trunk'
200
- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="vendor-lib-file-initializer-filename-data-nil-block">2.5 vendor/lib/file/initializer(filename, data = nil, &amp;block)</h4>
203
- <p>Adds an initializer to the generated application’s <tt>config/initializers</tt> directory.</p>
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- <p>Lets say you like using <tt>Object#not_nil?</tt> and <tt>Object#not_blank?</tt>:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- initializer 'bloatlol.rb', &lt;&lt;-CODE
208
- class Object
209
- def not_nil?
210
- !nil?
211
- end
212
-
213
- def not_blank?
214
- !blank?
215
- end
216
- end
217
- CODE
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- </pre>
219
- </div>
220
- <p>Similarly <tt>lib()</tt> creates a file in the <tt>lib/</tt> directory and <tt>vendor()</tt> creates a file in the <tt>vendor/</tt> directory.</p>
221
- <p>There is even <tt>file()</tt>, which accepts a relative path from <tt>Rails.root</tt> and creates all the directories/file needed:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- file 'app/components/foo.rb', &lt;&lt;-CODE
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- class Foo
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- end
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- CODE
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>That’ll create <tt>app/components</tt> directory and put <tt>foo.rb</tt> in there.</p>
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- <h4 id="rakefile-filename-data-nil-block">2.6 rakefile(filename, data = nil, &amp;block)</h4>
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- <p>Creates a new rake file under <tt>lib/tasks</tt> with the supplied tasks:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- rakefile(&quot;bootstrap.rake&quot;) do
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- &lt;&lt;-TASK
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- namespace :boot do
238
- task :strap do
239
- puts &quot;i like boots!&quot;
240
- end
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- end
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- TASK
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- end
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>The above creates <tt>lib/tasks/bootstrap.rake</tt> with a <tt>boot:strap</tt> rake task.</p>
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- <h4 id="generate-what-args">2.7 generate(what, args)</h4>
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- <p>Runs the supplied rails generator with given arguments.</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- generate(:scaffold, &quot;person&quot;, &quot;name:string&quot;, &quot;address:text&quot;, &quot;age:number&quot;)
252
- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="run-command">2.8 run(command)</h4>
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- <p>Executes an arbitrary command. Just like the backticks. Let&#8217;s say you want to remove the <tt>public/index.html</tt> file:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- run &quot;rm public/index.html&quot;
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="rake-command-options">2.9 rake(command, options = {})</h4>
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- <p>Runs the supplied rake tasks in the Rails application. Let&#8217;s say you want to migrate the database:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- rake &quot;db:migrate&quot;
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>You can also run rake tasks with a different Rails environment:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
271
- rake &quot;db:migrate&quot;, :env =&gt; 'production'
272
- </pre>
273
- </div>
274
- <h4 id="route-routing_code">2.10 route(routing_code)</h4>
275
- <p>This adds a routing entry to the <tt>config/routes.rb</tt> file. In above steps, we generated a person scaffold and also removed <tt>public/index.html</tt>. Now to make <tt>PeopleController#index</tt> as the default page for the application:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- route &quot;root :to =&gt; 'person#index'&quot;
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="inside-dir">2.11 inside(dir)</h4>
282
- <p>Enables you to run a command from the given directory. For example, if you have a copy of edge rails that you wish to symlink from your new apps, you can do this:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
285
- inside('vendor') do
286
- run &quot;ln -s ~/commit-rails/rails rails&quot;
287
- end
288
- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="ask-question">2.12 ask(question)</h4>
291
- <p><tt>ask()</tt> gives you a chance to get some feedback from the user and use it in your templates. Lets say you want your user to name the new shiny library you’re adding:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
294
- lib_name = ask(&quot;What do you want to call the shiny library ?&quot;)
295
- lib_name &lt;&lt; &quot;.rb&quot; unless lib_name.index(&quot;.rb&quot;)
296
-
297
- lib lib_name, &lt;&lt;-CODE
298
- class Shiny
299
- end
300
- CODE
301
- </pre>
302
- </div>
303
- <h4 id="yes-question-or-no-question">2.13 yes?(question) or no?(question)</h4>
304
- <p>These methods let you ask questions from templates and decide the flow based on the user’s answer. Lets say you want to freeze rails only if the user want to:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
307
- rake(&quot;rails:freeze:gems&quot;) if yes?(&quot;Freeze rails gems ?&quot;)
308
- no?(question) acts just the opposite.
309
- </pre>
310
- </div>
311
- <h4 id="git-command">2.14 git(:command)</h4>
312
- <p>Rails templates let you run any git command:</p>
313
- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- git :init
316
- git :add =&gt; &quot;.&quot;
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- git :commit =&gt; &quot;-a -m 'Initial commit'&quot;
318
- </pre>
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323
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324
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326
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327
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328
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329
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330
- contribution. <a href="https://github.com/lifo/docrails">docrails</a> is
331
- cross-merged with master periodically.
332
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338
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340
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342
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343
- <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
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- <h2>Rails on Rack</h2>
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- <p>This guide covers Rails integration with Rack and interfacing with other Rack components. By referring to this guide, you will be able to:</p>
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- <ul>
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- <li>Create Rails Metal applications</li>
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- <li>Use Rack Middlewares in your Rails applications</li>
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- <li>Understand Action Pack&#8217;s internal Middleware stack</li>
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- <li>Define a custom Middleware stack</li>
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- </ul>
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-
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- <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
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- <ol class="chapters">
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- <li><a href="#introduction-to-rack">Introduction to Rack</a></li><li><a href="#rails-on-rack">Rails on Rack</a><ul><li><a href="#rails-application-s-rack-object">Rails Application&#8217;s Rack Object</a></li> <li><a href="#rails-server"><tt>rails server</tt></a></li> <li><a href="#rackup"><tt>rackup</tt></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#action-controller-middleware-stack">Action Controller Middleware Stack</a><ul><li><a href="#inspecting-middleware-stack">Inspecting Middleware Stack</a></li> <li><a href="#configuring-middleware-stack">Configuring Middleware Stack</a></li> <li><a href="#internal-middleware-stack">Internal Middleware Stack</a></li> <li><a href="#customizing-internal-middleware-stack">Customizing Internal Middleware Stack</a></li> <li><a href="#using-rack-builder">Using Rack Builder</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#resources">Resources</a><ul><li><a href="#learning-rack">Learning Rack</a></li> <li><a href="#understanding-middlewares">Understanding Middlewares</a></li></ul></li></ol></div>
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- <div class="warning"><p>This guide assumes a working knowledge of Rack protocol and Rack concepts such as middlewares, url maps and <tt>Rack::Builder</tt>.</p></div>
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- <h3 id="introduction-to-rack">1 Introduction to Rack</h3>
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- <blockquote>
120
- <p>Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping <span class="caps">HTTP</span> requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the <span class="caps">API</span> for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.</p>
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- </blockquote>
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- <p>- <a href="http://rack.rubyforge.org/doc/">Rack <span class="caps">API</span> Documentation</a></p>
123
- <p>Explaining Rack is not really in the scope of this guide. In case you are not familiar with Rack&#8217;s basics, you should check out the <a href="#resources">Resources</a> section below.</p>
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- <h3 id="rails-on-rack">2 Rails on Rack</h3>
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- <h4 id="rails-application-s-rack-object">2.1 Rails Application&#8217;s Rack Object</h4>
126
- <p><tt>ActionController::Dispatcher.new</tt> is the primary Rack application object of a Rails application. Any Rack compliant web server should be using <tt>ActionController::Dispatcher.new</tt> object to serve a Rails application.</p>
127
- <h4 id="rails-server">2.2 <tt>rails server</tt></h4>
128
- <p><tt>rails server</tt> does the basic job of creating a <tt>Rack::Builder</tt> object and starting the webserver. This is Rails&#8217; equivalent of Rack&#8217;s <tt>rackup</tt> script.</p>
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- <p>Here&#8217;s how <tt>rails server</tt> creates an instance of <tt>Rack::Builder</tt></p>
130
- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
132
- app = Rack::Builder.new {
133
- use Rails::Rack::LogTailer unless options[:detach]
134
- use Rails::Rack::Debugger if options[:debugger]
135
- use ActionDispatch::Static
136
- run ActionController::Dispatcher.new
137
- }.to_app
138
- </pre>
139
- </div>
140
- <p>Middlewares used in the code above are primarily useful only in the development environment. The following table explains their usage:</p>
141
- <table>
142
- <tr>
143
- <th>Middleware</th>
144
- <th>Purpose</th>
145
- </tr>
146
- <tr>
147
- <td><tt>Rails::Rack::LogTailer</tt></td>
148
- <td>Appends log file output to console</td>
149
- </tr>
150
- <tr>
151
- <td><tt>ActionDispatch::Static</tt></td>
152
- <td>Serves static files inside <tt>Rails.root/public</tt> directory</td>
153
- </tr>
154
- <tr>
155
- <td><tt>Rails::Rack::Debugger</tt></td>
156
- <td>Starts Debugger</td>
157
- </tr>
158
- </table>
159
- <h4 id="rackup">2.3 <tt>rackup</tt></h4>
160
- <p>To use <tt>rackup</tt> instead of Rails&#8217; <tt>rails server</tt>, you can put the following inside <tt>config.ru</tt> of your Rails application&#8217;s root directory:</p>
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162
- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
163
- # Rails.root/config.ru
164
- require &quot;config/environment&quot;
165
-
166
- use Rails::Rack::LogTailer
167
- use ActionDispatch::Static
168
- run ActionController::Dispatcher.new
169
- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>And start the server:</p>
172
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173
- <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
174
- $ rackup config.ru
175
- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>To find out more about different <tt>rackup</tt> options:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
180
- $ rackup --help
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h3 id="action-controller-middleware-stack">3 Action Controller Middleware Stack</h3>
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- <p>Many of Action Controller&#8217;s internal components are implemented as Rack middlewares. <tt>ActionController::Dispatcher</tt> uses <tt>ActionController::MiddlewareStack</tt> to combine various internal and external middlewares to form a complete Rails Rack application.</p>
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- <div class="note"><p><tt>ActionController::MiddlewareStack</tt> is Rails&#8217; equivalent of <tt>Rack::Builder</tt>, but built for better flexibility and more features to meet Rails&#8217; requirements.</p></div>
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- <h4 id="inspecting-middleware-stack">3.1 Inspecting Middleware Stack</h4>
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- <p>Rails has a handy rake task for inspecting the middleware stack in use:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- $ rake middleware
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>For a freshly generated Rails application, this might produce something like:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- use ActionDispatch::Static
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- use Rack::Lock
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- use ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache
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- use Rack::Runtime
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- use Rails::Rack::Logger
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- use ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions
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- use ActionDispatch::RemoteIp
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- use Rack::Sendfile
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- use ActionDispatch::Callbacks
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- use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement
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- use ActiveRecord::QueryCache
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- use ActionDispatch::Cookies
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- use ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore
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- use ActionDispatch::Flash
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- use ActionDispatch::ParamsParser
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- use Rack::MethodOverride
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- use ActionDispatch::Head
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- use ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport
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- run Blog::Application.routes
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>Purpose of each of this middlewares is explained in the <a href="#internal-middleware-stack">Internal Middlewares</a> section.</p>
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- <h4 id="configuring-middleware-stack">3.2 Configuring Middleware Stack</h4>
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- <p>Rails provides a simple configuration interface <tt>config.middleware</tt> for adding, removing and modifying the middlewares in the middleware stack via <tt>application.rb</tt> or the environment specific configuration file <tt>environments/&lt;environment&gt;.rb</tt>.</p>
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- <h5 id="adding-a-middleware">3.2.1 Adding a Middleware</h5>
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- <p>You can add a new middleware to the middleware stack using any of the following methods:</p>
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- <ul>
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- <li><tt>config.middleware.use(new_middleware, args)</tt> &#8211; Adds the new middleware at the bottom of the middleware stack.</li>
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- </ul>
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- <ul>
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- <li><tt>config.middleware.insert_before(existing_middleware, new_middleware, args)</tt> &#8211; Adds the new middleware before the specified existing middleware in the middleware stack.</li>
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- </ul>
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- <ul>
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- <li><tt>config.middleware.insert_after(existing_middleware, new_middleware, args)</tt> &#8211; Adds the new middleware after the specified existing middleware in the middleware stack.</li>
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- </ul>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- # config/application.rb
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-
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- # Push Rack::BounceFavicon at the bottom
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- config.middleware.use Rack::BounceFavicon
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-
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- # Add Lifo::Cache after ActiveRecord::QueryCache.
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- # Pass { :page_cache =&gt; false } argument to Lifo::Cache.
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- config.middleware.insert_after ActiveRecord::QueryCache, Lifo::Cache, :page_cache =&gt; false
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h5 id="swapping-a-middleware">3.2.2 Swapping a Middleware</h5>
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- <p>You can swap an existing middleware in the middleware stack using <tt>config.middleware.swap</tt>.</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- # config/application.rb
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-
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- # Replace ActionController::Failsafe with Lifo::Failsafe
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- config.middleware.swap ActionController::Failsafe, Lifo::Failsafe
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h5 id="middleware-stack-is-an-array">3.2.3 Middleware Stack is an Array</h5>
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- <p>The middleware stack behaves just like a normal <tt>Array</tt>. You can use any <tt>Array</tt> methods to insert, reorder, or remove items from the stack. Methods described in the section above are just convenience methods.</p>
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- <p>For example, the following removes the middleware matching the supplied class name:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- config.middleware.delete(middleware)
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="internal-middleware-stack">3.3 Internal Middleware Stack</h4>
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- <p>Much of Action Controller&#8217;s functionality is implemented as Middlewares. The following table explains the purpose of each of them:</p>
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- <table>
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- <tr>
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- <th>Middleware</th>
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- <th>Purpose</th>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>Rack::Lock</tt></td>
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- <td>Sets <tt>env[&#8220;rack.multithread&#8221;]</tt> flag to <tt>true</tt> and wraps the application within a Mutex.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>ActionController::Failsafe</tt></td>
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- <td>Returns <span class="caps">HTTP</span> Status <tt>500</tt> to the client if an exception gets raised while dispatching.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>ActiveRecord::QueryCache</tt></td>
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- <td>Enables the Active Record query cache.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore</tt></td>
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- <td>Uses the cookie based session store.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>ActionDispatch::Session::CacheStore</tt></td>
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- <td>Uses the Rails cache based session store.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>ActionDispatch::Session::MemCacheStore</tt></td>
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- <td>Uses the memcached based session store.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>ActiveRecord::SessionStore</tt></td>
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- <td>Uses the database based session store.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>Rack::MethodOverride</tt></td>
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- <td>Sets <span class="caps">HTTP</span> method based on <tt>_method</tt> parameter or <tt>env[&#8220;HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE&#8221;]</tt>.</td>
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- </tr>
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- <tr>
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- <td><tt>Rack::Head</tt></td>
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- <td>Discards the response body if the client sends a <tt>HEAD</tt> request.</td>
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- </tr>
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- </table>
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- <div class="info"><p>It&#8217;s possible to use any of the above middlewares in your custom Rack stack.</p></div>
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- <h4 id="customizing-internal-middleware-stack">3.4 Customizing Internal Middleware Stack</h4>
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- <p>It&#8217;s possible to replace the entire middleware stack with a custom stack using <tt>ActionController::Dispatcher.middleware=</tt>.</p>
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- <p>Put the following in an initializer:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- # config/initializers/stack.rb
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- ActionController::Dispatcher.middleware = ActionController::MiddlewareStack.new do |m|
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- m.use ActionController::Failsafe
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- m.use ActiveRecord::QueryCache
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- m.use Rack::Head
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- end
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p>And now inspecting the middleware stack:</p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- $ rake middleware
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- (in /Users/lifo/Rails/blog)
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- use ActionController::Failsafe
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- use ActiveRecord::QueryCache
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- use Rack::Head
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- run ActionController::Dispatcher.new
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h4 id="using-rack-builder">3.5 Using Rack Builder</h4>
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- <p>The following shows how to replace use <tt>Rack::Builder</tt> instead of the Rails supplied <tt>MiddlewareStack</tt>.</p>
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- <p><strong>Clear the existing Rails middleware stack</strong></p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- # config/application.rb
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- config.middleware.clear
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <p><br />
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- <strong>Add a <tt>config.ru</tt> file to <tt>Rails.root</tt></strong></p>
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- <div class="code_container">
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- <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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- # config.ru
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- use MyOwnStackFromScratch
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- run ActionController::Dispatcher.new
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- </pre>
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- </div>
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- <h3 id="resources">4 Resources</h3>
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- <h4 id="learning-rack">4.1 Learning Rack</h4>
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- <ul>
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- <li><a href="http://rack.github.com">Official Rack Website</a></li>
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- <li><a href="http://chneukirchen.org/blog/archive/2007/02/introducing-rack.html">Introducing Rack</a></li>
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- <li><a href="http://m.onkey.org/ruby-on-rack-1-hello-rack">Ruby on Rack #1 &#8211; Hello Rack!</a></li>
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- <li><a href="http://m.onkey.org/ruby-on-rack-2-the-builder">Ruby on Rack #2 &#8211; The Builder</a></li>
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- </ul>
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- <h4 id="understanding-middlewares">4.2 Understanding Middlewares</h4>
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- <ul>
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- <li><a href="http://railscasts.com/episodes/151-rack-middleware">Railscast on Rack Middlewares</a></li>
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- </ul>
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-
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- <h3>Feedback</h3>
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- <p>
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- You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- If you see any typos or factual errors you are confident to
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- patch, please clone <a href="https://github.com/lifo/docrails">docrails</a>
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- and push the change yourself. That branch of Rails has public write access.
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- Commits are still reviewed, but that happens after you've submitted your
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- contribution. <a href="https://github.com/lifo/docrails">docrails</a> is
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- cross-merged with master periodically.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- You may also find incomplete content, or stuff that is not up to date.
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- Please do add any missing documentation for master. Check the
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- <a href="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</a>
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- for style and conventions.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
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- <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
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- </p>
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- <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
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- documentation is very welcome in the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-docs">rubyonrails-docs mailing list</a>.
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- </p>
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