rails 4.1.4 → 5.0.0
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[![Rails 4.0](images/rails4_features.png)](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/images/rails4_features.png)
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54
|
-
|
55
|
-
### Upgrade
|
56
|
-
|
57
|
-
* **Ruby 1.9.3** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/a0380e808d3dbd2462df17f5d3b7fcd8bd812496)) - Ruby 2.0 preferred; 1.9.3+ required
|
58
|
-
* **[New deprecation policy](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6YgD6tVPQs)** - Deprecated features are warnings in Rails 4.0 and will be removed in Rails 4.1.
|
59
|
-
* **ActionPack page and action caching** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/b0a7068564f0c95e7ef28fc39d0335ed17d93e90)) - Page and action caching are extracted to a separate gem. Page and action caching requires too much manual intervention (manually expiring caches when the underlying model objects are updated). Instead, use Russian doll caching.
|
60
|
-
* **ActiveRecord observers** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/ccecab3ba950a288b61a516bf9b6962e384aae0b)) - Observers are extracted to a separate gem. Observers are only needed for page and action caching, and can lead to spaghetti code.
|
61
|
-
* **ActiveRecord session store** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0ffe19056c8e8b2f9ae9d487b896cad2ce9387ad)) - The ActiveRecord session store is extracted to a separate gem. Storing sessions in SQL is costly. Instead, use cookie sessions, memcache sessions, or a custom session store.
|
62
|
-
* **ActiveModel mass assignment protection** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f8c9a4d3e88181cee644f91e1342bfe896ca64c6)) - Rails 3 mass assignment protection is deprecated. Instead, use strong parameters.
|
63
|
-
* **ActiveResource** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f1637bf2bb00490203503fbd943b73406e043d1d)) - ActiveResource is extracted to a separate gem. ActiveResource was not widely used.
|
64
|
-
* **vendor/plugins removed** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/853de2bd9ac572735fa6cf59fcf827e485a231c3)) - Use a Gemfile to manage installed gems.
|
65
|
-
|
66
|
-
### ActionPack
|
67
|
-
|
68
|
-
* **Strong parameters** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/a8f6d5c6450a7fe058348a7f10a908352bb6c7fc)) - Only allow whitelisted parameters to update model objects (`params.permit(:title, :text)`).
|
69
|
-
* **Routing concerns** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0dd24728a088fcb4ae616bb5d62734aca5276b1b)) - In the routing DSL, factor out common subroutes (`comments` from `/posts/1/comments` and `/videos/1/comments`).
|
70
|
-
* **ActionController::Live** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/af0a9f9eefaee3a8120cfd8d05cbc431af376da3)) - Stream JSON with `response.stream`.
|
71
|
-
* **Declarative ETags** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/ed5c938fa36995f06d4917d9543ba78ed506bb8d)) - Add controller-level etag additions that will be part of the action etag computation
|
72
|
-
* **[Russian doll caching](http://37signals.com/svn/posts/3113-how-key-based-cache-expiration-works)** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/4154bf012d2bec2aae79e4a49aa94a70d3e91d49)) - Cache nested fragments of views. Each fragment expires based on a set of dependencies (a cache key). The cache key is usually a template version number and a model object.
|
73
|
-
* **Turbolinks** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e35d8b18d0649c0ecc58f6b73df6b3c8d0c6bb74)) - Serve only one initial HTML page. When the user navigates to another page, use pushState to update the URL and use AJAX to update the title and body.
|
74
|
-
* **Decouple ActionView from ActionController** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/78b0934dd1bb84e8f093fb8ef95ca99b297b51cd)) - ActionView was decoupled from ActionPack and will be moved to a separated gem in Rails 4.1.
|
75
|
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* **Do not depend on ActiveModel** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/166dbaa7526a96fdf046f093f25b0a134b277a68)) - ActionPack no longer depends on ActiveModel.
|
76
|
-
|
77
|
-
### General
|
78
|
-
|
79
|
-
* **ActiveModel::Model** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/3b822e91d1a6c4eab0064989bbd07aae3a6d0d08)) - `ActiveModel::Model`, a mixin to make normal Ruby objects to work with ActionPack out of box (ex. for `form_for`)
|
80
|
-
* **New scope API** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/50cbc03d18c5984347965a94027879623fc44cce)) - Scopes must always use callables.
|
81
|
-
* **Schema cache dump** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5ca4fc95818047108e69e22d200e7a4a22969477)) - To improve Rails boot time, instead of loading the schema directly from the database, load the schema from a dump file.
|
82
|
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* **Support for specifying transaction isolation level** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/392eeecc11a291e406db927a18b75f41b2658253)) - Choose whether repeatable reads or improved performance (less locking) is more important.
|
83
|
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* **Dalli** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/82663306f428a5bbc90c511458432afb26d2f238)) - Use Dalli memcache client for the memcache store.
|
84
|
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* **Notifications start & finish** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f08f8750a512f741acb004d0cebe210c5f949f28)) - Active Support instrumentation reports start and finish notifications to subscribers.
|
85
|
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* **Thread safe by default** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5d416b907864d99af55ebaa400fff217e17570cd)) - Rails can run in threaded app servers without additional configuration. Note: Check that the gems you are using are threadsafe.
|
86
|
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* **PATCH verb** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/eed9f2539e3ab5a68e798802f464b8e4e95e619e)) - In Rails, PATCH replaces PUT. PATCH is used for partial updates of resources.
|
87
|
-
|
88
|
-
### Security
|
89
|
-
|
90
|
-
* **match do not catch all** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/90d2802b71a6e89aedfe40564a37bd35f777e541)) - In the routing DSL, match requires the HTTP verb or verbs to be specified.
|
91
|
-
* **html entities escaped by default** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5f189f41258b83d49012ec5a0678d827327e7543)) - Strings rendered in erb are escaped unless wrapped with `raw` or `html_safe` is called.
|
92
|
-
* **New security headers** ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/6794e92b204572d75a07bd6413bdae6ae22d5a82)) - Rails sends the following headers with every HTTP request: `X-Frame-Options` (prevents clickjacking by forbidding the browser from embedding the page in a frame), `X-XSS-Protection` (asks the browser to halt script injection) and `X-Content-Type-Options` (prevents the browser from opening a jpeg as an exe).
|
93
|
-
|
94
|
-
Extraction of features to gems
|
95
|
-
---------------------------
|
96
|
-
|
97
|
-
In Rails 4.0, several features have been extracted into gems. You can simply add the extracted gems to your `Gemfile` to bring the functionality back.
|
98
|
-
|
99
|
-
* Hash-based & Dynamic finder methods ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/activerecord-deprecated_finders))
|
100
|
-
* Mass assignment protection in Active Record models ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/protected_attributes), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7251))
|
101
|
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* ActiveRecord::SessionStore ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/activerecord-session_store), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7436))
|
102
|
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* Active Record Observers ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/rails-observers), [Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/39e85b3b90c58449164673909a6f1893cba290b2))
|
103
|
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* Active Resource ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/activeresource), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/572), [Blog](http://yetimedia.tumblr.com/post/35233051627/activeresource-is-dead-long-live-activeresource))
|
104
|
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* Action Caching ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/actionpack-action_caching), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7833))
|
105
|
-
* Page Caching ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/actionpack-page_caching), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7833))
|
106
|
-
* Sprockets ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/sprockets-rails))
|
107
|
-
* Performance tests ([GitHub](https://github.com/rails/rails-perftest), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/8876))
|
108
|
-
|
109
|
-
Documentation
|
110
|
-
-------------
|
111
|
-
|
112
|
-
* Guides are rewritten in GitHub Flavored Markdown.
|
113
|
-
|
114
|
-
* Guides have a responsive design.
|
115
|
-
|
116
|
-
Railties
|
117
|
-
--------
|
118
|
-
|
119
|
-
Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/railties/CHANGELOG.md) for detailed changes.
|
120
|
-
|
121
|
-
### Notable changes
|
122
|
-
|
123
|
-
* New test locations `test/models`, `test/helpers`, `test/controllers`, and `test/mailers`. Corresponding rake tasks added as well. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7878))
|
124
|
-
|
125
|
-
* Your app's executables now live in the `bin/` directory. Run `rake rails:update:bin` to get `bin/bundle`, `bin/rails`, and `bin/rake`.
|
126
|
-
|
127
|
-
* Threadsafe on by default
|
128
|
-
|
129
|
-
* Ability to use a custom builder by passing `--builder` (or `-b`) to
|
130
|
-
`rails new` has been removed. Consider using application templates
|
131
|
-
instead. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/9401))
|
132
|
-
|
133
|
-
### Deprecations
|
134
|
-
|
135
|
-
* `config.threadsafe!` is deprecated in favor of `config.eager_load` which provides a more fine grained control on what is eager loaded.
|
136
|
-
|
137
|
-
* `Rails::Plugin` has gone. Instead of adding plugins to `vendor/plugins` use gems or bundler with path or git dependencies.
|
138
|
-
|
139
|
-
Action Mailer
|
140
|
-
-------------
|
141
|
-
|
142
|
-
Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/actionmailer/CHANGELOG.md) for detailed changes.
|
143
|
-
|
144
|
-
### Notable changes
|
145
|
-
|
146
|
-
### Deprecations
|
147
|
-
|
148
|
-
Active Model
|
149
|
-
------------
|
150
|
-
|
151
|
-
Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/activemodel/CHANGELOG.md) for detailed changes.
|
152
|
-
|
153
|
-
### Notable changes
|
154
|
-
|
155
|
-
* Add `ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesProtection`, a simple module to protect attributes from mass assignment when non-permitted attributes are passed.
|
156
|
-
|
157
|
-
* Added `ActiveModel::Model`, a mixin to make Ruby objects work with Action Pack out of box.
|
158
|
-
|
159
|
-
### Deprecations
|
160
|
-
|
161
|
-
Active Support
|
162
|
-
--------------
|
163
|
-
|
164
|
-
Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md) for detailed changes.
|
165
|
-
|
166
|
-
### Notable changes
|
167
|
-
|
168
|
-
* Replace deprecated `memcache-client` gem with `dalli` in `ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore`.
|
169
|
-
|
170
|
-
* Optimize `ActiveSupport::Cache::Entry` to reduce memory and processing overhead.
|
171
|
-
|
172
|
-
* Inflections can now be defined per locale. `singularize` and `pluralize` accept locale as an extra argument.
|
173
|
-
|
174
|
-
* `Object#try` will now return nil instead of raise a NoMethodError if the receiving object does not implement the method, but you can still get the old behavior by using the new `Object#try!`.
|
175
|
-
|
176
|
-
* `String#to_date` now raises `ArgumentError: invalid date` instead of `NoMethodError: undefined method 'div' for nil:NilClass`
|
177
|
-
when given an invalid date. It is now the same as `Date.parse`, and it accepts more invalid dates than 3.x, such as:
|
178
|
-
|
179
|
-
```
|
180
|
-
# ActiveSupport 3.x
|
181
|
-
"asdf".to_date # => NoMethodError: undefined method `div' for nil:NilClass
|
182
|
-
"333".to_date # => NoMethodError: undefined method `div' for nil:NilClass
|
183
|
-
|
184
|
-
# ActiveSupport 4
|
185
|
-
"asdf".to_date # => ArgumentError: invalid date
|
186
|
-
"333".to_date # => Fri, 29 Nov 2013
|
187
|
-
```
|
188
|
-
|
189
|
-
### Deprecations
|
190
|
-
|
191
|
-
* Deprecate `ActiveSupport::TestCase#pending` method, use `skip` from MiniTest instead.
|
192
|
-
|
193
|
-
* `ActiveSupport::Benchmarkable#silence` has been deprecated due to its lack of thread safety. It will be removed without replacement in Rails 4.1.
|
194
|
-
|
195
|
-
* `ActiveSupport::JSON::Variable` is deprecated. Define your own `#as_json` and `#encode_json` methods for custom JSON string literals.
|
196
|
-
|
197
|
-
* Deprecates the compatibility method `Module#local_constant_names`, use `Module#local_constants` instead (which returns symbols).
|
198
|
-
|
199
|
-
* `BufferedLogger` is deprecated. Use `ActiveSupport::Logger`, or the logger from Ruby standard library.
|
200
|
-
|
201
|
-
* Deprecate `assert_present` and `assert_blank` in favor of `assert object.blank?` and `assert object.present?`
|
202
|
-
|
203
|
-
Action Pack
|
204
|
-
-----------
|
205
|
-
|
206
|
-
Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md) for detailed changes.
|
207
|
-
|
208
|
-
### Notable changes
|
209
|
-
|
210
|
-
* Change the stylesheet of exception pages for development mode. Additionally display also the line of code and fragment that raised the exception in all exceptions pages.
|
211
|
-
|
212
|
-
### Deprecations
|
213
|
-
|
214
|
-
|
215
|
-
Active Record
|
216
|
-
-------------
|
217
|
-
|
218
|
-
Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for detailed changes.
|
219
|
-
|
220
|
-
### Notable changes
|
221
|
-
|
222
|
-
* Improve ways to write `change` migrations, making the old `up` & `down` methods no longer necessary.
|
223
|
-
|
224
|
-
* The methods `drop_table` and `remove_column` are now reversible, as long as the necessary information is given.
|
225
|
-
The method `remove_column` used to accept multiple column names; instead use `remove_columns` (which is not revertible).
|
226
|
-
The method `change_table` is also reversible, as long as its block doesn't call `remove`, `change` or `change_default`
|
227
|
-
|
228
|
-
* New method `reversible` makes it possible to specify code to be run when migrating up or down.
|
229
|
-
See the [Guide on Migration](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/guides/source/migrations.md#using-the-reversible-method)
|
230
|
-
|
231
|
-
* New method `revert` will revert a whole migration or the given block.
|
232
|
-
If migrating down, the given migration / block is run normally.
|
233
|
-
See the [Guide on Migration](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/guides/source/migrations.md#reverting-previous-migrations)
|
234
|
-
|
235
|
-
* Adds PostgreSQL array type support. Any datatype can be used to create an array column, with full migration and schema dumper support.
|
236
|
-
|
237
|
-
* Add `Relation#load` to explicitly load the record and return `self`.
|
238
|
-
|
239
|
-
* `Model.all` now returns an `ActiveRecord::Relation`, rather than an array of records. Use `Relation#to_a` if you really want an array. In some specific cases, this may cause breakage when upgrading.
|
240
|
-
|
241
|
-
* Added `ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!` that raises an error if migrations are pending.
|
242
|
-
|
243
|
-
* Added custom coders support for `ActiveRecord::Store`. Now you can set your custom coder like this:
|
244
|
-
|
245
|
-
store :settings, accessors: [ :color, :homepage ], coder: JSON
|
246
|
-
|
247
|
-
* `mysql` and `mysql2` connections will set `SQL_MODE=STRICT_ALL_TABLES` by default to avoid silent data loss. This can be disabled by specifying `strict: false` in your `database.yml`.
|
248
|
-
|
249
|
-
* Remove IdentityMap.
|
250
|
-
|
251
|
-
* Remove automatic execution of EXPLAIN queries. The option `active_record.auto_explain_threshold_in_seconds` is no longer used and should be removed.
|
252
|
-
|
253
|
-
* Adds `ActiveRecord::NullRelation` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#none` implementing the null object pattern for the Relation class.
|
254
|
-
|
255
|
-
* Added `create_join_table` migration helper to create HABTM join tables.
|
256
|
-
|
257
|
-
* Allows PostgreSQL hstore records to be created.
|
258
|
-
|
259
|
-
### Deprecations
|
260
|
-
|
261
|
-
* Deprecated the old-style hash based finder API. This means that methods which previously accepted "finder options" no longer do.
|
262
|
-
|
263
|
-
* All dynamic methods except for `find_by_...` and `find_by_...!` are deprecated. Here's
|
264
|
-
how you can rewrite the code:
|
265
|
-
|
266
|
-
* `find_all_by_...` can be rewritten using `where(...)`.
|
267
|
-
* `find_last_by_...` can be rewritten using `where(...).last`.
|
268
|
-
* `scoped_by_...` can be rewritten using `where(...)`.
|
269
|
-
* `find_or_initialize_by_...` can be rewritten using `find_or_initialize_by(...)`.
|
270
|
-
* `find_or_create_by_...` can be rewritten using `find_or_create_by(...)`.
|
271
|
-
* `find_or_create_by_...!` can be rewritten using `find_or_create_by!(...)`.
|
272
|
-
|
273
|
-
Credits
|
274
|
-
-------
|
275
|
-
|
276
|
-
See the [full list of contributors to Rails](http://contributors.rubyonrails.org/) for the many people who spent many hours making Rails, the stable and robust framework it is. Kudos to all of them.
|