racer 0.1.3

data/ext/libuv/src/unix/stream.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "uv.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+
+static void uv__stream_connect(uv_stream_t*);
+static void uv__write(uv_stream_t* stream);
+static void uv__read(uv_stream_t* stream);
+static void uv__stream_io(uv_loop_t* loop, uv__io_t* w, int events);
+
+
+static size_t uv__buf_count(uv_buf_t bufs[], int bufcnt) {
+  size_t total = 0;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < bufcnt; i++) {
+    total += bufs[i].len;
+  }
+
+  return total;
+}
+
+
+void uv__stream_init(uv_loop_t* loop,
+                     uv_stream_t* stream,
+                     uv_handle_type type) {
+  uv__handle_init(loop, (uv_handle_t*)stream, type);
+  loop->counters.stream_init++;
+
+  stream->alloc_cb = NULL;
+  stream->close_cb = NULL;
+  stream->connection_cb = NULL;
+  stream->connect_req = NULL;
+  stream->shutdown_req = NULL;
+  stream->accepted_fd = -1;
+  stream->fd = -1;
+  stream->delayed_error = 0;
+  ngx_queue_init(&stream->write_queue);
+  ngx_queue_init(&stream->write_completed_queue);
+  stream->write_queue_size = 0;
+
+  uv__io_init(&stream->read_watcher, uv__stream_io, -1, 0);
+  uv__io_init(&stream->write_watcher, uv__stream_io, -1, 0);
+}
+
+
+int uv__stream_open(uv_stream_t* stream, int fd, int flags) {
+  socklen_t yes;
+
+  assert(fd >= 0);
+  stream->fd = fd;
+
+  stream->flags |= flags;
+
+  if (stream->type == UV_TCP) {
+    /* Reuse the port address if applicable. */
+    yes = 1;
+    if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes) == -1) {
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, errno);
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if ((stream->flags & UV_TCP_NODELAY) &&
+        uv__tcp_nodelay((uv_tcp_t*)stream, 1)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* TODO Use delay the user passed in. */
+    if ((stream->flags & UV_TCP_KEEPALIVE) &&
+        uv__tcp_keepalive((uv_tcp_t*)stream, 1, 60)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Associate the fd with each watcher. */
+  uv__io_set(&stream->read_watcher, uv__stream_io, fd, UV__IO_READ);
+  uv__io_set(&stream->write_watcher, uv__stream_io, fd, UV__IO_WRITE);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+void uv__stream_destroy(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  uv_write_t* req;
+  ngx_queue_t* q;
+
+  assert(stream->flags & UV_CLOSED);
+
+  if (stream->connect_req) {
+    uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, stream->connect_req);
+    uv__set_artificial_error(stream->loop, UV_EINTR);
+    stream->connect_req->cb(stream->connect_req, -1);
+    stream->connect_req = NULL;
+  }
+
+  while (!ngx_queue_empty(&stream->write_queue)) {
+    q = ngx_queue_head(&stream->write_queue);
+    ngx_queue_remove(q);
+
+    req = ngx_queue_data(q, uv_write_t, queue);
+    uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, req);
+
+    if (req->bufs != req->bufsml)
+      free(req->bufs);
+
+    if (req->cb) {
+      uv__set_artificial_error(req->handle->loop, UV_EINTR);
+      req->cb(req, -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (!ngx_queue_empty(&stream->write_completed_queue)) {
+    q = ngx_queue_head(&stream->write_completed_queue);
+    ngx_queue_remove(q);
+
+    req = ngx_queue_data(q, uv_write_t, queue);
+    uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, req);
+
+    if (req->cb) {
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, req->error);
+      req->cb(req, req->error ? -1 : 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (stream->shutdown_req) {
+    uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, stream->shutdown_req);
+    uv__set_artificial_error(stream->loop, UV_EINTR);
+    stream->shutdown_req->cb(stream->shutdown_req, -1);
+    stream->shutdown_req = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+void uv__server_io(uv_loop_t* loop, uv__io_t* w, int events) {
+  int fd;
+  uv_stream_t* stream = container_of(w, uv_stream_t, read_watcher);
+
+  assert(events == UV__IO_READ);
+  assert(!(stream->flags & UV_CLOSING));
+
+  if (stream->accepted_fd >= 0) {
+    uv__io_stop(loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* connection_cb can close the server socket while we're
+   * in the loop so check it on each iteration.
+   */
+  while (stream->fd != -1) {
+    assert(stream->accepted_fd < 0);
+    fd = uv__accept(stream->fd);
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+      if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+        /* No problem. */
+        return;
+      } else if (errno == EMFILE) {
+        /* TODO special trick. unlock reserved socket, accept, close. */
+        return;
+      } else if (errno == ECONNABORTED) {
+        /* ignore */
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, errno);
+        stream->connection_cb((uv_stream_t*)stream, -1);
+      }
+    } else {
+      stream->accepted_fd = fd;
+      stream->connection_cb((uv_stream_t*)stream, 0);
+      if (stream->accepted_fd >= 0) {
+        /* The user hasn't yet accepted called uv_accept() */
+        uv__io_stop(stream->loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+int uv_accept(uv_stream_t* server, uv_stream_t* client) {
+  uv_stream_t* streamServer;
+  uv_stream_t* streamClient;
+  int saved_errno;
+  int status;
+
+  /* TODO document this */
+  assert(server->loop == client->loop);
+
+  saved_errno = errno;
+  status = -1;
+
+  streamServer = (uv_stream_t*)server;
+  streamClient = (uv_stream_t*)client;
+
+  if (streamServer->accepted_fd < 0) {
+    uv__set_sys_error(server->loop, EAGAIN);
+    goto out;
+  }
+
+  if (uv__stream_open(streamClient, streamServer->accepted_fd,
+        UV_STREAM_READABLE | UV_STREAM_WRITABLE)) {
+    /* TODO handle error */
+    close(streamServer->accepted_fd);
+    streamServer->accepted_fd = -1;
+    goto out;
+  }
+
+  uv__io_start(streamServer->loop, &streamServer->read_watcher);
+  streamServer->accepted_fd = -1;
+  status = 0;
+
+out:
+  errno = saved_errno;
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+int uv_listen(uv_stream_t* stream, int backlog, uv_connection_cb cb) {
+  int r;
+
+  switch (stream->type) {
+    case UV_TCP:
+      r = uv_tcp_listen((uv_tcp_t*)stream, backlog, cb);
+      break;
+
+    case UV_NAMED_PIPE:
+      r = uv_pipe_listen((uv_pipe_t*)stream, backlog, cb);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      assert(0);
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (r == 0)
+    uv__handle_start(stream);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+uv_write_t* uv_write_queue_head(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  ngx_queue_t* q;
+  uv_write_t* req;
+
+  if (ngx_queue_empty(&stream->write_queue)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  q = ngx_queue_head(&stream->write_queue);
+  if (!q) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  req = ngx_queue_data(q, struct uv_write_s, queue);
+  assert(req);
+
+  return req;
+}
+
+
+static void uv__drain(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  uv_shutdown_t* req;
+
+  assert(!uv_write_queue_head(stream));
+  assert(stream->write_queue_size == 0);
+
+  uv__io_stop(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher);
+
+  /* Shutdown? */
+  if ((stream->flags & UV_STREAM_SHUTTING) &&
+      !(stream->flags & UV_CLOSING) &&
+      !(stream->flags & UV_STREAM_SHUT)) {
+    assert(stream->shutdown_req);
+
+    req = stream->shutdown_req;
+    stream->shutdown_req = NULL;
+    uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, req);
+
+    if (shutdown(stream->fd, SHUT_WR)) {
+      /* Error. Report it. User should call uv_close(). */
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, errno);
+      if (req->cb) {
+        req->cb(req, -1);
+      }
+    } else {
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, 0);
+      ((uv_handle_t*) stream)->flags |= UV_STREAM_SHUT;
+      if (req->cb) {
+        req->cb(req, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static size_t uv__write_req_size(uv_write_t* req) {
+  size_t size;
+
+  size = uv__buf_count(req->bufs + req->write_index,
+                       req->bufcnt - req->write_index);
+  assert(req->handle->write_queue_size >= size);
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+
+static void uv__write_req_finish(uv_write_t* req) {
+  uv_stream_t* stream = req->handle;
+
+  /* Pop the req off tcp->write_queue. */
+  ngx_queue_remove(&req->queue);
+  if (req->bufs != req->bufsml) {
+    free(req->bufs);
+  }
+  req->bufs = NULL;
+
+  /* Add it to the write_completed_queue where it will have its
+   * callback called in the near future.
+   */
+  ngx_queue_insert_tail(&stream->write_completed_queue, &req->queue);
+  uv__io_feed(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher, UV__IO_WRITE);
+}
+
+
+/* On success returns NULL. On error returns a pointer to the write request
+ * which had the error.
+ */
+static void uv__write(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  uv_write_t* req;
+  struct iovec* iov;
+  int iovcnt;
+  ssize_t n;
+
+  if (stream->flags & UV_CLOSING) {
+    /* Handle was closed this tick. We've received a stale
+     * 'is writable' callback from the event loop, ignore.
+     */
+    return;
+  }
+
+start:
+
+  assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+
+  /* Get the request at the head of the queue. */
+  req = uv_write_queue_head(stream);
+  if (!req) {
+    assert(stream->write_queue_size == 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  assert(req->handle == stream);
+
+  /*
+   * Cast to iovec. We had to have our own uv_buf_t instead of iovec
+   * because Windows's WSABUF is not an iovec.
+   */
+  assert(sizeof(uv_buf_t) == sizeof(struct iovec));
+  iov = (struct iovec*) &(req->bufs[req->write_index]);
+  iovcnt = req->bufcnt - req->write_index;
+
+  /*
+   * Now do the actual writev. Note that we've been updating the pointers
+   * inside the iov each time we write. So there is no need to offset it.
+   */
+
+  if (req->send_handle) {
+    struct msghdr msg;
+    char scratch[64];
+    struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+    int fd_to_send = req->send_handle->fd;
+
+    assert(fd_to_send >= 0);
+
+    msg.msg_name = NULL;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = iovcnt;
+    msg.msg_flags = 0;
+
+    msg.msg_control = (void*) scratch;
+    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(fd_to_send));
+
+    cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+    cmsg->cmsg_len = msg.msg_controllen;
+    *(int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = fd_to_send;
+
+    do {
+      n = sendmsg(stream->fd, &msg, 0);
+    }
+    while (n == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+  } else {
+    do {
+      if (iovcnt == 1) {
+        n = write(stream->fd, iov[0].iov_base, iov[0].iov_len);
+      } else {
+        n = writev(stream->fd, iov, iovcnt);
+      }
+    }
+    while (n == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+  }
+
+  if (n < 0) {
+    if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
+      /* Error */
+      req->error = errno;
+      stream->write_queue_size -= uv__write_req_size(req);
+      uv__write_req_finish(req);
+      return;
+    } else if (stream->flags & UV_STREAM_BLOCKING) {
+      /* If this is a blocking stream, try again. */
+      goto start;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* Successful write */
+
+    /* Update the counters. */
+    while (n >= 0) {
+      uv_buf_t* buf = &(req->bufs[req->write_index]);
+      size_t len = buf->len;
+
+      assert(req->write_index < req->bufcnt);
+
+      if ((size_t)n < len) {
+        buf->base += n;
+        buf->len -= n;
+        stream->write_queue_size -= n;
+        n = 0;
+
+        /* There is more to write. */
+        if (stream->flags & UV_STREAM_BLOCKING) {
+          /*
+           * If we're blocking then we should not be enabling the write
+           * watcher - instead we need to try again.
+           */
+          goto start;
+        } else {
+          /* Break loop and ensure the watcher is pending. */
+          break;
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        /* Finished writing the buf at index req->write_index. */
+        req->write_index++;
+
+        assert((size_t)n >= len);
+        n -= len;
+
+        assert(stream->write_queue_size >= len);
+        stream->write_queue_size -= len;
+
+        if (req->write_index == req->bufcnt) {
+          /* Then we're done! */
+          assert(n == 0);
+          uv__write_req_finish(req);
+          /* TODO: start trying to write the next request. */
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Either we've counted n down to zero or we've got EAGAIN. */
+  assert(n == 0 || n == -1);
+
+  /* Only non-blocking streams should use the write_watcher. */
+  assert(!(stream->flags & UV_STREAM_BLOCKING));
+
+  /* We're not done. */
+  uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher);
+}
+
+
+static void uv__write_callbacks(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  uv_write_t* req;
+  ngx_queue_t* q;
+
+  while (!ngx_queue_empty(&stream->write_completed_queue)) {
+    /* Pop a req off write_completed_queue. */
+    q = ngx_queue_head(&stream->write_completed_queue);
+    req = ngx_queue_data(q, uv_write_t, queue);
+    ngx_queue_remove(q);
+    uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, req);
+
+    /* NOTE: call callback AFTER freeing the request data. */
+    if (req->cb) {
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, req->error);
+      req->cb(req, req->error ? -1 : 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(ngx_queue_empty(&stream->write_completed_queue));
+
+  /* Write queue drained. */
+  if (!uv_write_queue_head(stream)) {
+    uv__drain(stream);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static uv_handle_type uv__handle_type(int fd) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage ss;
+  socklen_t len;
+
+  memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
+  len = sizeof(ss);
+
+  if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ss, &len))
+    return UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE;
+
+  switch (ss.ss_family) {
+  case AF_UNIX:
+    return UV_NAMED_PIPE;
+  case AF_INET:
+  case AF_INET6:
+    return UV_TCP;
+  }
+
+  return UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE;
+}
+
+
+static void uv__read(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  uv_buf_t buf;
+  ssize_t nread;
+  struct msghdr msg;
+  struct cmsghdr* cmsg;
+  char cmsg_space[64];
+  int count;
+
+  /* Prevent loop starvation when the data comes in as fast as (or faster than)
+   * we can read it. XXX Need to rearm fd if we switch to edge-triggered I/O.
+   */
+  count = 32;
+
+  /* XXX: Maybe instead of having UV_STREAM_READING we just test if
+   * tcp->read_cb is NULL or not?
+   */
+  while ((stream->read_cb || stream->read2_cb)
+      && (stream->flags & UV_STREAM_READING)
+      && (count-- > 0)) {
+    assert(stream->alloc_cb);
+    buf = stream->alloc_cb((uv_handle_t*)stream, 64 * 1024);
+
+    assert(buf.len > 0);
+    assert(buf.base);
+    assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+
+    if (stream->read_cb) {
+      do {
+        nread = read(stream->fd, buf.base, buf.len);
+      }
+      while (nread < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    } else {
+      assert(stream->read2_cb);
+      /* read2_cb uses recvmsg */
+      msg.msg_flags = 0;
+      msg.msg_iov = (struct iovec*) &buf;
+      msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+      msg.msg_name = NULL;
+      msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+      /* Set up to receive a descriptor even if one isn't in the message */
+      msg.msg_controllen = 64;
+      msg.msg_control = (void *) cmsg_space;
+
+      do {
+        nread = recvmsg(stream->fd, &msg, 0);
+      }
+      while (nread < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    }
+
+
+    if (nread < 0) {
+      /* Error */
+      if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+        /* Wait for the next one. */
+        if (stream->flags & UV_STREAM_READING) {
+          uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+        }
+        uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, EAGAIN);
+
+        if (stream->read_cb) {
+          stream->read_cb(stream, 0, buf);
+        } else {
+          stream->read2_cb((uv_pipe_t*)stream, 0, buf, UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE);
+        }
+
+        return;
+      } else {
+        /* Error. User should call uv_close(). */
+        uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, errno);
+
+        if (stream->read_cb) {
+          stream->read_cb(stream, -1, buf);
+        } else {
+          stream->read2_cb((uv_pipe_t*)stream, -1, buf, UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE);
+        }
+
+        assert(!uv__io_active(&stream->read_watcher));
+        return;
+      }
+
+    } else if (nread == 0) {
+      /* EOF */
+      uv__set_artificial_error(stream->loop, UV_EOF);
+      uv__io_stop(stream->loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+      if (!uv__io_active(&stream->write_watcher))
+        uv__handle_stop(stream);
+
+      if (stream->read_cb) {
+        stream->read_cb(stream, -1, buf);
+      } else {
+        stream->read2_cb((uv_pipe_t*)stream, -1, buf, UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE);
+      }
+      return;
+    } else {
+      /* Successful read */
+      ssize_t buflen = buf.len;
+
+      if (stream->read_cb) {
+        stream->read_cb(stream, nread, buf);
+      } else {
+        assert(stream->read2_cb);
+
+        /*
+         * XXX: Some implementations can send multiple file descriptors in a
+         * single message. We should be using CMSG_NXTHDR() to walk the
+         * chain to get at them all. This would require changing the API to
+         * hand these back up the caller, is a pain.
+         */
+
+        for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+             msg.msg_controllen > 0 && cmsg != NULL;
+             cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
+
+          if (cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
+            if (stream->accepted_fd != -1) {
+              fprintf(stderr, "(libuv) ignoring extra FD received\n");
+            }
+
+            stream->accepted_fd = *(int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+
+          } else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ignoring non-SCM_RIGHTS ancillary data: %d\n",
+                cmsg->cmsg_type);
+          }
+        }
+
+
+        if (stream->accepted_fd >= 0) {
+          stream->read2_cb((uv_pipe_t*)stream, nread, buf,
+              uv__handle_type(stream->accepted_fd));
+        } else {
+          stream->read2_cb((uv_pipe_t*)stream, nread, buf, UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE);
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* Return if we didn't fill the buffer, there is no more data to read. */
+      if (nread < buflen) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+int uv_shutdown(uv_shutdown_t* req, uv_stream_t* stream, uv_shutdown_cb cb) {
+  assert((stream->type == UV_TCP || stream->type == UV_NAMED_PIPE) &&
+         "uv_shutdown (unix) only supports uv_handle_t right now");
+  assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+
+  if (!(stream->flags & UV_STREAM_WRITABLE) ||
+      stream->flags & UV_STREAM_SHUT ||
+      stream->flags & UV_CLOSED ||
+      stream->flags & UV_CLOSING) {
+    uv__set_artificial_error(stream->loop, UV_ENOTCONN);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /* Initialize request */
+  uv__req_init(stream->loop, req, UV_SHUTDOWN);
+  req->handle = stream;
+  req->cb = cb;
+  stream->shutdown_req = req;
+  stream->flags |= UV_STREAM_SHUTTING;
+
+  uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void uv__stream_io(uv_loop_t* loop, uv__io_t* w, int events) {
+  uv_stream_t* stream;
+
+  /* either UV__IO_READ or UV__IO_WRITE but not both */
+  assert(!!(events & UV__IO_READ) ^ !!(events & UV__IO_WRITE));
+
+  if (events & UV__IO_READ)
+    stream = container_of(w, uv_stream_t, read_watcher);
+  else
+    stream = container_of(w, uv_stream_t, write_watcher);
+
+  assert(stream->type == UV_TCP ||
+         stream->type == UV_NAMED_PIPE ||
+         stream->type == UV_TTY);
+  assert(!(stream->flags & UV_CLOSING));
+
+  if (stream->connect_req)
+    uv__stream_connect(stream);
+  else if (events & UV__IO_READ) {
+    assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+    uv__read(stream);
+  }
+  else {
+    assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+    uv__write(stream);
+    uv__write_callbacks(stream);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * We get called here from directly following a call to connect(2).
+ * In order to determine if we've errored out or succeeded must call
+ * getsockopt.
+ */
+static void uv__stream_connect(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  int error;
+  uv_connect_t* req = stream->connect_req;
+  socklen_t errorsize = sizeof(int);
+
+  assert(stream->type == UV_TCP || stream->type == UV_NAMED_PIPE);
+  assert(req);
+
+  if (stream->delayed_error) {
+    /* To smooth over the differences between unixes errors that
+     * were reported synchronously on the first connect can be delayed
+     * until the next tick--which is now.
+     */
+    error = stream->delayed_error;
+    stream->delayed_error = 0;
+  } else {
+    /* Normal situation: we need to get the socket error from the kernel. */
+    assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+    getsockopt(stream->fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &errorsize);
+  }
+
+  if (error == EINPROGRESS)
+    return;
+
+  if (error == 0)
+    uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+
+  stream->connect_req = NULL;
+  uv__req_unregister(stream->loop, req);
+
+  if (req->cb) {
+    uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, error);
+    req->cb(req, error ? -1 : 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+int uv__connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_stream_t* stream, struct sockaddr* addr,
+    socklen_t addrlen, uv_connect_cb cb) {
+  int sockfd;
+  int r;
+
+  if (stream->fd <= 0) {
+    if ((sockfd = uv__socket(addr->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, errno);
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (uv__stream_open(stream,
+                        sockfd,
+                        UV_STREAM_READABLE | UV_STREAM_WRITABLE)) {
+      close(sockfd);
+      return -2;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uv__req_init(stream->loop, req, UV_CONNECT);
+  req->cb = cb;
+  req->handle = stream;
+  ngx_queue_init(&req->queue);
+
+  if (stream->connect_req) {
+    uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, EALREADY);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (stream->type != UV_TCP) {
+    uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, ENOTSOCK);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  stream->connect_req = req;
+
+  do {
+    r = connect(stream->fd, addr, addrlen);
+  }
+  while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  stream->delayed_error = 0;
+
+  if (r != 0 && errno != EINPROGRESS) {
+    switch (errno) {
+      /* If we get a ECONNREFUSED wait until the next tick to report the
+       * error. Solaris wants to report immediately--other unixes want to
+       * wait.
+       *
+       * XXX: do the same for ECONNABORTED?
+       */
+      case ECONNREFUSED:
+        stream->delayed_error = errno;
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher);
+
+  if (stream->delayed_error)
+    uv__io_feed(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher, UV__IO_WRITE);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+int uv_write2(uv_write_t* req, uv_stream_t* stream, uv_buf_t bufs[], int bufcnt,
+    uv_stream_t* send_handle, uv_write_cb cb) {
+  int empty_queue;
+
+  assert((stream->type == UV_TCP || stream->type == UV_NAMED_PIPE ||
+      stream->type == UV_TTY) &&
+      "uv_write (unix) does not yet support other types of streams");
+
+  if (stream->fd < 0) {
+    uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, EBADF);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (send_handle) {
+    if (stream->type != UV_NAMED_PIPE || !((uv_pipe_t*)stream)->ipc) {
+      uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, EOPNOTSUPP);
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  empty_queue = (stream->write_queue_size == 0);
+
+  /* Initialize the req */
+  uv__req_init(stream->loop, req, UV_WRITE);
+  req->cb = cb;
+  req->handle = stream;
+  req->error = 0;
+  req->send_handle = send_handle;
+  ngx_queue_init(&req->queue);
+
+  if (bufcnt <= UV_REQ_BUFSML_SIZE)
+    req->bufs = req->bufsml;
+  else
+    req->bufs = malloc(sizeof(uv_buf_t) * bufcnt);
+
+  memcpy(req->bufs, bufs, bufcnt * sizeof(uv_buf_t));
+  req->bufcnt = bufcnt;
+  req->write_index = 0;
+  stream->write_queue_size += uv__buf_count(bufs, bufcnt);
+
+  /* Append the request to write_queue. */
+  ngx_queue_insert_tail(&stream->write_queue, &req->queue);
+
+  /* If the queue was empty when this function began, we should attempt to
+   * do the write immediately. Otherwise start the write_watcher and wait
+   * for the fd to become writable.
+   */
+  if (stream->connect_req) {
+    /* Still connecting, do nothing. */
+  }
+  else if (empty_queue) {
+    uv__write(stream);
+  }
+  else {
+    /*
+     * blocking streams should never have anything in the queue.
+     * if this assert fires then somehow the blocking stream isn't being
+     * sufficiently flushed in uv__write.
+     */
+    assert(!(stream->flags & UV_STREAM_BLOCKING));
+    uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->write_watcher);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* The buffers to be written must remain valid until the callback is called.
+ * This is not required for the uv_buf_t array.
+ */
+int uv_write(uv_write_t* req, uv_stream_t* stream, uv_buf_t bufs[], int bufcnt,
+    uv_write_cb cb) {
+  return uv_write2(req, stream, bufs, bufcnt, NULL, cb);
+}
+
+
+int uv__read_start_common(uv_stream_t* stream, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+    uv_read_cb read_cb, uv_read2_cb read2_cb) {
+  assert(stream->type == UV_TCP || stream->type == UV_NAMED_PIPE ||
+      stream->type == UV_TTY);
+
+  if (stream->flags & UV_CLOSING) {
+    uv__set_sys_error(stream->loop, EINVAL);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /* The UV_STREAM_READING flag is irrelevant of the state of the tcp - it just
+   * expresses the desired state of the user.
+   */
+  stream->flags |= UV_STREAM_READING;
+
+  /* TODO: try to do the read inline? */
+  /* TODO: keep track of tcp state. If we've gotten a EOF then we should
+   * not start the IO watcher.
+   */
+  assert(stream->fd >= 0);
+  assert(alloc_cb);
+
+  stream->read_cb = read_cb;
+  stream->read2_cb = read2_cb;
+  stream->alloc_cb = alloc_cb;
+
+  uv__io_start(stream->loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+  uv__handle_start(stream);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+int uv_read_start(uv_stream_t* stream, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+    uv_read_cb read_cb) {
+  return uv__read_start_common(stream, alloc_cb, read_cb, NULL);
+}
+
+
+int uv_read2_start(uv_stream_t* stream, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+    uv_read2_cb read_cb) {
+  return uv__read_start_common(stream, alloc_cb, NULL, read_cb);
+}
+
+
+int uv_read_stop(uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  uv__io_stop(stream->loop, &stream->read_watcher);
+  uv__handle_stop(stream);
+  stream->flags &= ~UV_STREAM_READING;
+  stream->read_cb = NULL;
+  stream->read2_cb = NULL;
+  stream->alloc_cb = NULL;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+int uv_is_readable(const uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  return stream->flags & UV_STREAM_READABLE;
+}
+
+
+int uv_is_writable(const uv_stream_t* stream) {
+  return stream->flags & UV_STREAM_WRITABLE;
+}
+
+
+void uv__stream_close(uv_stream_t* handle) {
+  uv_read_stop(handle);
+  uv__io_stop(handle->loop, &handle->write_watcher);
+
+  close(handle->fd);
+  handle->fd = -1;
+
+  if (handle->accepted_fd >= 0) {
+    close(handle->accepted_fd);
+    handle->accepted_fd = -1;
+  }
+
+  assert(!uv__io_active(&handle->read_watcher));
+  assert(!uv__io_active(&handle->write_watcher));
+}