proj4rb 4.1.0 → 5.0.0

data/lib/proj/crs.rb

@@ -1,672 +1,688 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
-require 'stringio'
-
-module Proj
-  # Represents a coordinate reference system.
-  class Crs < PjObject
-    # Create a ProjectedCRS.
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param geodetic_crs [Crs] Base GeodeticCRS
-    # @param conversion [Conversion] Conversion
-    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Cartesian coordinate system
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_projected(context, name: nil, geodetic_crs:, conversion:, coordinate_system:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_projected_crs(context, name, geodetic_crs, conversion, coordinate_system)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns a BoundCRS
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param base_crs [Crs] Base CRS
-    # @param hub_crs [Crs] HUB CRS
-    # @param transformation [Transformation]
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_bound(context, base_crs:, hub_crs:, transformation:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_create_bound_crs(context, base_crs, hub_crs, transformation)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns a BoundCRS with a transformation to EPSG:4326 wrapping it
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param crs [Crs] CRS to wrap
-    # @param allow_intermediate_crs [String] Specifies if an intermediate CRS may be considered when
-    #        computing the possible transformations. Allowed values are:
-    #  * ALWAYS
-    #  * IF_NO_DIRECT_TRANSFORMATION
-    #  * NEVER
-    #
-    #  Default is NEVER
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_bound_to_wgs84(context, crs:, allow_intermediate_crs: "NEVER")
-      options = {"ALLOW_INTERMEDIATE_CRS": allow_intermediate_crs}
-      options_ptr = create_options_pointer(options)
-
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_create_bound_crs_to_WGS84(context, crs, options_ptr)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a a EngineeringCRS
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the CRS. Default is nil.
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_engineering(context, name:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_engineering_crs(context, name)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a VerticalCRS. For additional functionality see Crs#create_vertical_ex
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
-    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
-    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_vertical(context, name:, datum_name:, linear_units:, linear_units_conv:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_vertical_crs(context, name, datum_name, linear_units, linear_units_conv)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a Bound Vertical CRS, with a transformation to a hub geographic 3D crs, such as
-    # EPSG:4979 or WGS84, using a grid
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param vertical_crs [Crs] A VerticalCRS
-    # @param hub_crs [Crs] A Geographic 3D CRS
-    # @param grid_name [String] Grid name (typically a .gtx file)
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_bound_vertical(context, vertical_crs:, hub_crs:, grid_name:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_create_bound_vertical_crs(context, vertical_crs, hub_crs, grid_name)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a VerticalCRS. This is an extended version of Crs#create_vertical that adds
-    # the capability of defining a geoid model.
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_auth_name [String] Authority name of the VerticalReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_code [String] Code of the VerticalReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
-    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
-    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
-    # @param geoid_model_name [String] Geoid model name. Can be a name from the geoid_model name or a string "PROJ foo.gtx". Default is nil.
-    # @param geoid_model_auth_name [String] Authority name of the transformation for the geoid model. Default is nil.
-    # @param geoid_model_code [String] Code of the transformation for the geoid model. Default is nil.
-    # @param geoid_geog_crs [Crs] Geographic CRS for the geoid transformation. Default is nil.
-    # @param accuracy [Float] Accuracy in meters. Default is nil
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_vertical_ex(context, name: nil, datum_name: nil, datum_auth_name: nil, datum_code: nil,
-                                linear_units: nil, linear_units_conv: 0,
-                                geoid_model_name: nil, geoid_model_auth_name: nil, geoid_model_code: nil,
-                                geoid_geog_crs: nil, accuracy: nil)
-
-      options = {"ACCURACY": accuracy.nil? ? nil : accuracy.to_s}
-      options_ptr = create_options_pointer(options)
-
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_vertical_crs_ex(context, name, datum_name, datum_auth_name, datum_code, linear_units, linear_units_conv, geoid_model_name, geoid_model_auth_name, geoid_model_code, geoid_geog_crs, options_ptr)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a CompoundCRS.
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param horizontal_crs [Crs] A horizontal CRS
-    # @param vertical_crs [Crs] A vertical CRS
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_compound(context, name:, horizontal_crs:, vertical_crs:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_compound_crs(context, name, horizontal_crs, vertical_crs)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a GeographicCRS.
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
-    # @param ellipsoid_name [String] Name of the Ellipsoid. Default is nil.
-    # @param semi_major_meter [Float] Ellipsoid semi-major axis, in meters.
-    # @param inv_flattening [Float] Ellipsoid inverse flattening. Or 0 for a sphere.
-    # @param prime_meridian_name [String] Name of the PrimeMeridian. Default is nil.
-    # @param prime_meridian_offset [Float] Offset of the prime meridian, expressed in the specified angular units.
-    # @param pm_angular_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for degrees.
-    # @param pm_angular_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the angular unit to radians. Default is 0 if pm_angular_units is nil
-    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Ellipsoidal coordinate system
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_geographic(context, name:, datum_name:, ellipsoid_name:, semi_major_meter:, inv_flattening:, prime_meridian_name:, prime_meridian_offset:, pm_angular_units:, pm_angular_units_conv:, coordinate_system:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_geographic_crs(context, name, datum_name, ellipsoid_name, semi_major_meter, inv_flattening, prime_meridian_name, prime_meridian_offset, pm_angular_units, pm_angular_units_conv, coordinate_system)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a GeographicCRS from a datum
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum [Datum, DatumEnsemble] Datum or DatumEnsemble
-    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Ellipsoidal coordinate system
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_geographic_from_datum(context, name:, datum:, coordinate_system:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_geographic_crs_from_datum(context, name, datum, coordinate_system)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a GeographicCRS.
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
-    # @param ellipsoid_name [String] Name of the Ellipsoid. Default is nil.
-    # @param semi_major_meter [Float] Ellipsoid semi-major axis, in meters.
-    # @param inv_flattening [Float] Ellipsoid inverse flattening. Or 0 for a sphere.
-    # @param prime_meridian_name [String] Name of the PrimeMeridian. Default is nil.
-    # @param prime_meridian_offset [Float] Offset of the prime meridian, expressed in the specified angular units.
-    # @param angular_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for degrees.
-    # @param angular_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the angular unit to radians. Default is 0 if angular_units is nil
-    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
-    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_geocentric(context, name:, datum_name:, ellipsoid_name:, semi_major_meter:, inv_flattening:, prime_meridian_name:, prime_meridian_offset:, angular_units:, angular_units_conv:, linear_units:, linear_units_conv:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_geocentric_crs(context, name, datum_name, ellipsoid_name, semi_major_meter, inv_flattening, prime_meridian_name, prime_meridian_offset, angular_units, angular_units_conv, linear_units, linear_units_conv)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a GeodeticCRS of geocentric type
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum [Datum, DatumEnsemble] Datum or DatumEnsemble
-    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
-    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_geocentric_from_datum(context, name:, datum:, linear_units:, linear_units_conv:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_geocentric_crs_from_datum(context, name, datum, linear_units, linear_units_conv)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a DerivedGeograhicCRS
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
-    # @param base_geographic_crs [Crs] Base Geographic CRS
-    # @param conversion [Conversion] Conversion from the base Geographic to the DerivedGeograhicCRS
-    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Ellipsoidal coordinate system
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def self.create_derived_geographic(context, name: nil, base_geographic_crs:, conversion:, coordinate_system:)
-      pointer = Api.proj_create_derived_geographic_crs(context, name, base_geographic_crs, conversion, coordinate_system)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      self.create_object(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # Find GeodeticCRSes that use the specified datum
-    #
-    # @param context [Context] Context
-    # @param auth_name [String] - Authority name. Default is nil.
-    # @param datum_auth_name [String] Datum authority name
-    # @param datum_code [String] Datum code
-    # @param crs_type [String] The CRS type. Default is nil. Allowed values are:
-    #  * geographic 2D
-    #  * geographic 3D
-    #  * geocentric
-    #
-    # @return [PjObjects] - A list of CRSes
-    def self.query_geodetic_from_datum(context, auth_name: nil, datum_auth_name:, datum_code:, crs_type: nil)
-      pointer = Api.proj_query_geodetic_crs_from_datum(context, auth_name, datum_auth_name, datum_code, crs_type)
-
-      if pointer.null?
-        Error.check_context(context)
-      end
-
-      PjObjects.new(pointer, context)
-    end
-
-    # To create a coordinate system, you can use CRS codes, well-known text (WKT) strings
-    # or old-style Proj4 strings (which are deprecated).
-    #
-    # @example
-    #   crs1 = Proj::Crs.new('EPSG:4326')
-    #   crs2 = Proj::Crs.new('urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326')
-    #   crs3 = Proj::Crs.new('+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +type=crs')
-    #   crs4 = Proj::Crs.new(<<~EOS)
-    #            GEOGCRS["WGS 84",
-    #            DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",
-    #                  ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
-    #                            LENGTHUNIT["meter",1]]],
-    #            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
-    #                   ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
-    #            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
-    #            AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
-    #                 ORDER[1],
-    #                 ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
-    #            AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
-    #                 ORDER[2],
-    #                 ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
-    #            USAGE[
-    #                SCOPE["unknown"],
-    #                    AREA["World"],
-    #                BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],
-    #            ID["EPSG",4326]]
-    #          EOS
-    #
-    # Notice when using the old-style Proj4 string, the addition of the "+type=crs" value.
-    #
-    # @param value [String]. See above
-    # @param context [Context]. An optional Context that the Crs will use for calculations.
-    def initialize(value, context=nil)
-      ptr = Api.proj_create(context || Context.current, value)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      super(ptr, context)
-
-      if Api.method_defined?(:proj_is_crs) && !Api.proj_is_crs(ptr)
-        raise(Error, "Invalid crs definition. Proj created an instance of: #{self.proj_type}.")
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Get the geodeticCRS / geographicCRS from a CRS.
-    #
-    # @example
-    #     crs = Proj::Crs.new('EPSG:4326')
-    #     geodetic = crs.geodetic_crs
-    #     assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_GEOGRAPHIC_2D_CRS, geodetic.proj_type)
-    #     assert_equal('+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +type=crs', geodetic.to_proj_string)
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_geodetic_crs
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def geodetic_crs
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_geodetic_crs(self.context, self)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Get a CRS component from a CompoundCRS.
-    #
-    # @see {https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_sub_crs} proj_crs_get_sub_crs
-    #
-    # @param index [Integer] Index of the CRS component (typically 0 = horizontal, 1 = vertical)
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def sub_crs(index)
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_sub_crs(self.context, self, index)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns the datum of a SingleCRS.
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_datum
-    #
-    # @return [Datum]
-    def datum
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_get_datum(self.context, self)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns a datum for a SingleCRS. If the SingleCRS has a datum, then this datum is returned.
-    # Otherwise, the SingleCRS has a datum ensemble, and this datum ensemble is returned as
-    # a regular datum instead of a datum ensemble.
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_datum_forced
-    #
-    # @return [Datum]
-    def datum_forced
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_datum_forced(self.context, self)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Get the horizontal datum from a CRS.
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_horizontal_datum
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def horizontal_datum
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_horizontal_datum(self.context, self)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns the {DatumEnsemble datum ensemble} of a SingleCRS.
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_datum_ensemble
-    #
-    # @return [DatumEnsemble]
-    def datum_ensemble
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_datum_ensemble(self.context, self)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns the coordinate system of a SingleCRS.
-    #
-    # @return [CoordinateSystem]
-    def coordinate_system
-      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_coordinate_system(self.context, self)
-      CoordinateSystem.new(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns the ellipsoid
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_get_ellipsoid
-    #
-    # @return [PjObject]
-    def ellipsoid
-      pointer = Api.proj_get_ellipsoid(self.context, self)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns whether a CRS is a derived CRS.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    def derived?
-      result = Api.proj_crs_is_derived(self.context, self)
-      result == 1 ? true : false
-    end
-
-    # Return the Conversion of a DerivedCRS (such as a ProjectedCRS), or the Transformation from
-    # the baseCRS to the hubCRS of a BoundCRS.
-    #
-    # @return [PjObject]
-    def coordinate_operation
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_get_coordoperation(self.context, self)
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns the prime meridian
-    #
-    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_get_prime_meridian
-    #
-    # @return [PjObject]
-    def prime_meridian
-      pointer = Api.proj_get_prime_meridian(self.context, self)
-      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
-    end
-
-    # Returns a list of matching reference CRS, and the percentage (0-100) of confidence in the match.
-    #
-    # @param auth_name [String] - Authority name, or nil for all authorities
-    #
-    # @return [Array] - Array of CRS objects sorted by decreasing confidence.
-    def identify(auth_name)
-      confidences_out_ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer)
-      pointer = Api.proj_identify(self.context, self, auth_name, nil, confidences_out_ptr)
-      objects = PjObjects.new(pointer, self.context)
-
-      # Get confidences and free the list
-      confidences_ptr = confidences_out_ptr.read_pointer
-      confidences = confidences_ptr.read_array_of_type(:int, :read_int, objects.count)
-      Api.proj_int_list_destroy(confidences_ptr)
-
-      return objects, confidences
-    end
-
-    # Returns whether a CRS is a Derived CRS
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean] - True if the CRS is derived
-    def derived?
-      result = Api.proj_is_derived_crs(self.context, self)
-      result == 1 ? true : false
-    end
-
-    # Return a copy of the CRS with its name changed
-    #
-    # @param name [String] The new name of the CRS
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def alter_name(name)
-      ptr = Api.proj_alter_name(self.context, self, name)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Return a copy of the CRS with its identifier changed
-    #
-    # @param auth_name [String] The new authority name of the CRS
-    # @param code [String] The new code of the CRS
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def alter_id(auth_name, code)
-      ptr = Api.proj_alter_id(self.context, self, auth_name, code)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Return a copy of the CRS with its geodetic CRS changed.
-    #  * If the CRS is a GeodeticCRS then a clone of new_geod_crs is returned.
-    #  * If the CRS is a ProjectedCRS, then it replaces the base CRS with new_geod_crs.
-    #  * If the CRS is a CompoundCRS, then it replaces the GeodeticCRS part of the horizontal
-    #      CRS with new_geod_crs.
-    #  * In other cases, it returns a clone of obj.
-    #
-    # @param new_geod_crs [Crs] A GeodeticCRS
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def alter_geodetic_crs(new_geod_crs)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_geodetic_crs(self.context, self, new_geod_crs)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Return a copy of the CRS with its angular units changed
-    #
-    # @param angular_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for degrees.
-    # @param angular_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the angular unit to radians. Default is 0 if angular_units is nil
-    # @param unit_auth_name [String]  Unit authority name. Defaults to nil.
-    # @param unit_code [String] Unit code. Defaults to nil.
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def alter_cs_angular_unit(angular_units: nil, angular_units_conv: 0, unit_auth_name: nil, unit_code: nil)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_cs_angular_unit(self.context, self, angular_units, angular_units_conv, unit_auth_name, unit_code)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Return a copy of the CRS with its linear units changed. The CRS
-    # must be or contain a ProjectedCRS, VerticalCRS or a GeocentricCRS.
-    #
-    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the linear units. Or nil for meters.
-    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the linear unit to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
-    # @param unit_auth_name [String]  Unit authority name. Defaults to nil.
-    # @param unit_code [String] Unit code. Defaults to nil.
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def alter_cs_linear_unit(linear_units: nil, linear_units_conv: 0, unit_auth_name: nil, unit_code: nil)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_cs_linear_unit(self.context, self, linear_units, linear_units_conv, unit_auth_name, unit_code)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Return a copy of the CRS with its linear units changed. The CRS
-    # must be or contain a ProjectedCRS, VerticalCRS or a GeocentricCRS.
-    #
-    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the linear units. Or nil for meters.
-    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the linear unit to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
-    # @param unit_auth_name [String]  Unit authority name. Defaults to nil.
-    # @param unit_code [String] Unit code. Defaults to nil.
-    # @param convert_to_new_unit [Boolean] If true then existing values will be converted from
-    #  their current unit to the new unit. If false then their values will be left unchanged
-    #  and the unit overridden (so the resulting CRS will not be equivalent to the
-    #  original one for reprojection purposes).
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def alter_parameters_linear_unit(linear_units: nil, linear_units_conv: 0, unit_auth_name: nil, unit_code: nil, convert_to_new_unit:)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_parameters_linear_unit(self.context, self, linear_units, linear_units_conv,
-                                                      unit_auth_name, unit_code,
-                                                      convert_to_new_unit ? 1 : 0)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a 3D CRS from this 2D CRS. The new axis will be ellipsoidal height,
-    # oriented upwards, and with metre units.
-    #
-    # @param name [String] CRS name. If nil then the name of this CRS will be used.
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def promote_to_3d(name: nil)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_promote_to_3D(self.context, name, self)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a 2D CRS from an this 3D CRS.
-    #
-    # @param name [String] CRS name. If nil then the name of this CRS will be used.
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def demote_to_2d(name: nil)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_demote_to_2D(self.context, name, self)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-
-    # Create a projected 3D CRS from this projected 2D CRS.
-    # 
-    # This CRS's name is replaced by the name parameter and its base geographic CRS
-    # is replaced by geog_3D_crs. The vertical axis of geog_3D_crs (ellipsoidal height)
-    # will be added as the 3rd axis of the resulting projected 3D CRS.
-    #
-    # Normally, the passed geog_3D_crs should be the 3D counterpart of the original
-    # 2D base geographic CRS of projected_2D_crs, but such no check is done.
-    # 
-    # It is also possible to invoke this function with a nil geog_3D_crs. In this case
-    # the existing base geographic of this CRS will be automatically promoted to 3D by
-    # assuming a 3rd axis being an ellipsoidal height, oriented upwards, and with metre units.
-    # This is equivalent to using Crs#promote_to_3d
-    #
-    # @param name [String] CRS name. If nil then the name of this CRS will be used.
-    # @param geog_3d_crs [Crs] Base geographic 3D CRS for the new CRS. Defaults to nil.
-    #
-    # @return [Crs]
-    def projected_3d(name: nil, geog_3d_crs: nil)
-      ptr = Api.proj_crs_create_projected_3D_crs_from_2D(self.context, name, self, geog_3d_crs)
-
-      if ptr.null?
-        Error.check_object(self)
-      end
-
-      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
-    end
-  end
-end
+# encoding: UTF-8
+require 'stringio'
+
+module Proj
+  # Represents a coordinate reference system.
+  class Crs < PjObject
+    # Create a ProjectedCRS.
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param geodetic_crs [Crs] Base GeodeticCRS
+    # @param conversion [Conversion] Conversion
+    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Cartesian coordinate system
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_projected(context, name: nil, geodetic_crs:, conversion:, coordinate_system:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_projected_crs(context, name, geodetic_crs, conversion, coordinate_system)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a BoundCRS
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param base_crs [Crs] Base CRS
+    # @param hub_crs [Crs] HUB CRS
+    # @param transformation [Transformation]
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_bound(context, base_crs:, hub_crs:, transformation:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_create_bound_crs(context, base_crs, hub_crs, transformation)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a BoundCRS with a transformation to EPSG:4326 wrapping it
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param crs [Crs] CRS to wrap
+    # @param allow_intermediate_crs [String] Specifies if an intermediate CRS may be considered when
+    #        computing the possible transformations. Allowed values are:
+    #  * ALWAYS
+    #  * IF_NO_DIRECT_TRANSFORMATION
+    #  * NEVER
+    #
+    #  Default is NEVER
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_bound_to_wgs84(context, crs:, allow_intermediate_crs: "NEVER")
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      options = Options.new("ALLOW_INTERMEDIATE_CRS": allow_intermediate_crs)
+
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_create_bound_crs_to_wgs84(context, crs, options)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a a EngineeringCRS
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the CRS. Default is nil.
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_engineering(context, name:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_engineering_crs(context, name)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a VerticalCRS. For additional functionality see Crs#create_vertical_ex
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
+    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
+    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_vertical(context, name:, datum_name:, linear_units:, linear_units_conv:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_vertical_crs(context, name, datum_name, linear_units, linear_units_conv)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a Bound Vertical CRS, with a transformation to a hub geographic 3D crs, such as
+    # EPSG:4979 or WGS84, using a grid
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param vertical_crs [Crs] A VerticalCRS
+    # @param hub_crs [Crs] A Geographic 3D CRS
+    # @param grid_name [String] Grid name (typically a .gtx file)
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_bound_vertical(context, vertical_crs:, hub_crs:, grid_name:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_create_bound_vertical_crs(context, vertical_crs, hub_crs, grid_name)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a VerticalCRS. This is an extended version of Crs#create_vertical that adds
+    # the capability of defining a geoid model.
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_auth_name [String] Authority name of the VerticalReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_code [String] Code of the VerticalReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
+    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
+    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
+    # @param geoid_model_name [String] Geoid model name. Can be a name from the geoid_model name or a string "PROJ foo.gtx". Default is nil.
+    # @param geoid_model_auth_name [String] Authority name of the transformation for the geoid model. Default is nil.
+    # @param geoid_model_code [String] Code of the transformation for the geoid model. Default is nil.
+    # @param geoid_geog_crs [Crs] Geographic CRS for the geoid transformation. Default is nil.
+    # @param accuracy [Float] Accuracy in meters. Default is nil
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_vertical_ex(context, name: nil, datum_name: nil, datum_auth_name: nil, datum_code: nil,
+                                linear_units: nil, linear_units_conv: 0,
+                                geoid_model_name: nil, geoid_model_auth_name: nil, geoid_model_code: nil,
+                                geoid_geog_crs: nil, accuracy: nil)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+
+      options = Options.new("ACCURACY": accuracy.nil? ? nil : accuracy.to_s)
+
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_vertical_crs_ex(context, name, datum_name, datum_auth_name, datum_code, linear_units, linear_units_conv, geoid_model_name, geoid_model_auth_name, geoid_model_code, geoid_geog_crs, options)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a CompoundCRS.
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param horizontal_crs [Crs] A horizontal CRS
+    # @param vertical_crs [Crs] A vertical CRS
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_compound(context, name:, horizontal_crs:, vertical_crs:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_compound_crs(context, name, horizontal_crs, vertical_crs)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a GeographicCRS.
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
+    # @param ellipsoid_name [String] Name of the Ellipsoid. Default is nil.
+    # @param semi_major_meter [Float] Ellipsoid semi-major axis, in meters.
+    # @param inv_flattening [Float] Ellipsoid inverse flattening. Or 0 for a sphere.
+    # @param prime_meridian_name [String] Name of the PrimeMeridian. Default is nil.
+    # @param prime_meridian_offset [Float] Offset of the prime meridian, expressed in the specified angular units.
+    # @param pm_angular_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for degrees.
+    # @param pm_angular_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the angular unit to radians. Default is 0 if pm_angular_units is nil
+    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Ellipsoidal coordinate system
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_geographic(context, name:, datum_name:, ellipsoid_name:, semi_major_meter:, inv_flattening:, prime_meridian_name:, prime_meridian_offset:, pm_angular_units:, pm_angular_units_conv:, coordinate_system:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_geographic_crs(context, name, datum_name, ellipsoid_name, semi_major_meter, inv_flattening, prime_meridian_name, prime_meridian_offset, pm_angular_units, pm_angular_units_conv, coordinate_system)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a GeographicCRS from a datum
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum [Datum, DatumEnsemble] Datum or DatumEnsemble
+    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Ellipsoidal coordinate system
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_geographic_from_datum(context, name:, datum:, coordinate_system:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_geographic_crs_from_datum(context, name, datum, coordinate_system)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a GeographicCRS.
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_name [String] Name of the GeodeticReferenceFrame. Default is nil.
+    # @param ellipsoid_name [String] Name of the Ellipsoid. Default is nil.
+    # @param semi_major_meter [Float] Ellipsoid semi-major axis, in meters.
+    # @param inv_flattening [Float] Ellipsoid inverse flattening. Or 0 for a sphere.
+    # @param prime_meridian_name [String] Name of the PrimeMeridian. Default is nil.
+    # @param prime_meridian_offset [Float] Offset of the prime meridian, expressed in the specified angular units.
+    # @param angular_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for degrees.
+    # @param angular_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the angular unit to radians. Default is 0 if angular_units is nil
+    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
+    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_geocentric(context, name:, datum_name:, ellipsoid_name:, semi_major_meter:, inv_flattening:, prime_meridian_name:, prime_meridian_offset:, angular_units:, angular_units_conv:, linear_units:, linear_units_conv:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_geocentric_crs(context, name, datum_name, ellipsoid_name, semi_major_meter, inv_flattening, prime_meridian_name, prime_meridian_offset, angular_units, angular_units_conv, linear_units, linear_units_conv)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a GeodeticCRS of geocentric type
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum [Datum, DatumEnsemble] Datum or DatumEnsemble
+    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for meters.
+    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from linear units to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_geocentric_from_datum(context, name:, datum:, linear_units:, linear_units_conv:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_geocentric_crs_from_datum(context, name, datum, linear_units, linear_units_conv)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a DerivedGeograhicCRS
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param name [String] Name of the GeographicCRS. Default is nil.
+    # @param base_geographic_crs [Crs] Base Geographic CRS
+    # @param conversion [Conversion] Conversion from the base Geographic to the DerivedGeograhicCRS
+    # @param coordinate_system [CoordinateSystem] Ellipsoidal coordinate system
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def self.create_derived_geographic(context, name: nil, base_geographic_crs:, conversion:, coordinate_system:)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_create_derived_geographic_crs(context, name, base_geographic_crs, conversion, coordinate_system)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      self.create_object(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # Find GeodeticCRSes that use the specified datum
+    #
+    # @param context [Context] Context
+    # @param auth_name [String] - Authority name. Default is nil.
+    # @param datum_auth_name [String] Datum authority name
+    # @param datum_code [String] Datum code
+    # @param crs_type [String] The CRS type. Default is nil. Allowed values are:
+    #  * geographic 2D
+    #  * geographic 3D
+    #  * geocentric
+    #
+    # @return [PjObjects] - A list of CRSes
+    def self.query_geodetic_from_datum(context, auth_name: nil, datum_auth_name:, datum_code:, crs_type: nil)
+      Error.validate_context!(context)
+      pointer = Api.proj_query_geodetic_crs_from_datum(context, auth_name, datum_auth_name, datum_code, crs_type)
+
+      if pointer.null?
+        Error.check_context(context)
+      end
+
+      PjObjects.new(pointer, context)
+    end
+
+    # To create a coordinate system, you can use CRS codes, well-known text (WKT) strings
+    # or old-style Proj4 strings (which are deprecated).
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   crs1 = Proj::Crs.new('EPSG:4326')
+    #   crs2 = Proj::Crs.new('urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326')
+    #   crs3 = Proj::Crs.new('+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +type=crs')
+    #   crs4 = Proj::Crs.new(<<~EOS)
+    #            GEOGCRS["WGS 84",
+    #            DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",
+    #                  ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
+    #                            LENGTHUNIT["meter",1]]],
+    #            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
+    #                   ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+    #            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
+    #            AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
+    #                 ORDER[1],
+    #                 ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+    #            AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
+    #                 ORDER[2],
+    #                 ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+    #            USAGE[
+    #                SCOPE["unknown"],
+    #                    AREA["World"],
+    #                BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],
+    #            ID["EPSG",4326]]
+    #          EOS
+    #
+    # Notice when using the old-style Proj4 string, the addition of the "+type=crs" value.
+    #
+    # @param value [String]. See above
+    # @param context [Context]. An optional Context that the Crs will use for calculations.
+    def initialize(value, context=nil)
+      ptr = Api.proj_create(context || Context.current, value)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      super(ptr, context)
+
+      if Api.method_defined?(:proj_is_crs) && !Api.proj_is_crs(ptr)
+        raise(Error, "Invalid crs definition. Proj created an instance of: #{self.proj_type}.")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Get the geodeticCRS / geographicCRS from a CRS.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #     crs = Proj::Crs.new('EPSG:4326')
+    #     geodetic = crs.geodetic_crs
+    #     assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_GEOGRAPHIC_2D_CRS, geodetic.proj_type)
+    #     assert_equal('+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +type=crs', geodetic.to_proj_string)
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_geodetic_crs
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def geodetic_crs
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_geodetic_crs(self.context, self)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Get a CRS component from a CompoundCRS.
+    #
+    # @see {https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_sub_crs} proj_crs_get_sub_crs
+    #
+    # @param index [Integer] Index of the CRS component (typically 0 = horizontal, 1 = vertical)
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def sub_crs(index)
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_sub_crs(self.context, self, index)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the datum of a SingleCRS.
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_datum
+    #
+    # @return [Datum]
+    def datum
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_get_datum(self.context, self)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a datum for a SingleCRS. If the SingleCRS has a datum, then this datum is returned.
+    # Otherwise, the SingleCRS has a datum ensemble, and this datum ensemble is returned as
+    # a regular datum instead of a datum ensemble.
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_datum_forced
+    #
+    # @return [Datum]
+    def datum_forced
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_datum_forced(self.context, self)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Get the horizontal datum from a CRS.
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_horizontal_datum
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def horizontal_datum
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_horizontal_datum(self.context, self)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the {DatumEnsemble datum ensemble} of a SingleCRS.
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_crs_get_datum_ensemble
+    #
+    # @return [DatumEnsemble]
+    def datum_ensemble
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_datum_ensemble(self.context, self)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the coordinate system of a SingleCRS.
+    #
+    # @return [CoordinateSystem]
+    def coordinate_system
+      pointer = Api.proj_crs_get_coordinate_system(self.context, self)
+      CoordinateSystem.new(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the ellipsoid
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_get_ellipsoid
+    #
+    # @return [PjObject]
+    def ellipsoid
+      pointer = Api.proj_get_ellipsoid(self.context, self)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether a CRS is a derived CRS.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    def derived?
+      if Api.respond_to?(:proj_crs_is_derived)
+        result = Api.proj_crs_is_derived(self.context, self)
+      else
+        result = Api.proj_is_derived_crs(self.context, self)
+      end
+      result == 1 ? true : false
+    end
+
+    # Return the Conversion of a DerivedCRS (such as a ProjectedCRS), or the Transformation from
+    # the baseCRS to the hubCRS of a BoundCRS.
+    #
+    # @return [PjObject]
+    def coordinate_operation
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_get_coordoperation(self.context, self)
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether a CRS has an associated PointMotionOperation
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    def point_motion_operation?
+      result = Api.proj_crs_has_point_motion_operation(self.context, self)
+      result == 1 ? true : false
+    end
+
+    # Returns the prime meridian
+    #
+    # @see https://proj.org/development/reference/functions.html#c.proj_get_prime_meridian
+    #
+    # @return [PjObject]
+    def prime_meridian
+      pointer = Api.proj_get_prime_meridian(self.context, self)
+      self.class.create_object(pointer, self.context)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a list of matching reference CRS, and the percentage (0-100) of confidence in the match.
+    #
+    # @param auth_name [String] - Authority name, or nil for all authorities
+    #
+    # @return [Array] - Array of CRS objects sorted by decreasing confidence.
+    def identify(auth_name)
+      confidences_out_ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer)
+      pointer = Api.proj_identify(self.context, self, auth_name, nil, confidences_out_ptr)
+      objects = PjObjects.new(pointer, self.context)
+
+      # Get confidences and free the list
+      confidences_ptr = confidences_out_ptr.read_pointer
+      confidences = confidences_ptr.read_array_of_type(:int, :read_int, objects.count)
+      Api.proj_int_list_destroy(confidences_ptr)
+
+      return objects, confidences
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the CRS with its name changed
+    #
+    # @param name [String] The new name of the CRS
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def alter_name(name)
+      ptr = Api.proj_alter_name(self.context, self, name)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the CRS with its identifier changed
+    #
+    # @param auth_name [String] The new authority name of the CRS
+    # @param code [String] The new code of the CRS
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def alter_id(auth_name, code)
+      ptr = Api.proj_alter_id(self.context, self, auth_name, code)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the CRS with its geodetic CRS changed.
+    #  * If the CRS is a GeodeticCRS then a clone of new_geod_crs is returned.
+    #  * If the CRS is a ProjectedCRS, then it replaces the base CRS with new_geod_crs.
+    #  * If the CRS is a CompoundCRS, then it replaces the GeodeticCRS part of the horizontal
+    #      CRS with new_geod_crs.
+    #  * In other cases, it returns a clone of obj.
+    #
+    # @param new_geod_crs [Crs] A GeodeticCRS
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def alter_geodetic_crs(new_geod_crs)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_geodetic_crs(self.context, self, new_geod_crs)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the CRS with its angular units changed
+    #
+    # @param angular_units [String] Name of the angular units. Or nil for degrees.
+    # @param angular_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the angular unit to radians. Default is 0 if angular_units is nil
+    # @param unit_auth_name [String]  Unit authority name. Defaults to nil.
+    # @param unit_code [String] Unit code. Defaults to nil.
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def alter_cs_angular_unit(angular_units: nil, angular_units_conv: 0, unit_auth_name: nil, unit_code: nil)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_cs_angular_unit(self.context, self, angular_units, angular_units_conv, unit_auth_name, unit_code)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the CRS with its linear units changed. The CRS
+    # must be or contain a ProjectedCRS, VerticalCRS or a GeocentricCRS.
+    #
+    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the linear units. Or nil for meters.
+    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the linear unit to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
+    # @param unit_auth_name [String]  Unit authority name. Defaults to nil.
+    # @param unit_code [String] Unit code. Defaults to nil.
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def alter_cs_linear_unit(linear_units: nil, linear_units_conv: 0, unit_auth_name: nil, unit_code: nil)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_cs_linear_unit(self.context, self, linear_units, linear_units_conv, unit_auth_name, unit_code)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the CRS with its linear units changed. The CRS
+    # must be or contain a ProjectedCRS, VerticalCRS or a GeocentricCRS.
+    #
+    # @param linear_units [String] Name of the linear units. Or nil for meters.
+    # @param linear_units_conv [Float] Conversion factor from the linear unit to meters. Default is 0 if linear_units is nil
+    # @param unit_auth_name [String]  Unit authority name. Defaults to nil.
+    # @param unit_code [String] Unit code. Defaults to nil.
+    # @param convert_to_new_unit [Boolean] If true then existing values will be converted from
+    #  their current unit to the new unit. If false then their values will be left unchanged
+    #  and the unit overridden (so the resulting CRS will not be equivalent to the
+    #  original one for reprojection purposes).
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def alter_parameters_linear_unit(linear_units: nil, linear_units_conv: 0, unit_auth_name: nil, unit_code: nil, convert_to_new_unit:)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_alter_parameters_linear_unit(self.context, self, linear_units, linear_units_conv,
+                                                      unit_auth_name, unit_code,
+                                                      convert_to_new_unit ? 1 : 0)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a 3D CRS from this 2D CRS. The new axis will be ellipsoidal height,
+    # oriented upwards, and with metre units.
+    #
+    # @param name [String] CRS name. If nil then the name of this CRS will be used.
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def promote_to_3d(name: nil)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_promote_to_3d(self.context, name, self)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a 2D CRS from an this 3D CRS.
+    #
+    # @param name [String] CRS name. If nil then the name of this CRS will be used.
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def demote_to_2d(name: nil)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_demote_to_2d(self.context, name, self)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+
+    # Create a projected 3D CRS from this projected 2D CRS.
+    # 
+    # This CRS's name is replaced by the name parameter and its base geographic CRS
+    # is replaced by geog_3D_crs. The vertical axis of geog_3D_crs (ellipsoidal height)
+    # will be added as the 3rd axis of the resulting projected 3D CRS.
+    #
+    # Normally, the passed geog_3D_crs should be the 3D counterpart of the original
+    # 2D base geographic CRS of projected_2D_crs, but such no check is done.
+    # 
+    # It is also possible to invoke this function with a nil geog_3D_crs. In this case
+    # the existing base geographic of this CRS will be automatically promoted to 3D by
+    # assuming a 3rd axis being an ellipsoidal height, oriented upwards, and with metre units.
+    # This is equivalent to using Crs#promote_to_3d
+    #
+    # @param name [String] CRS name. If nil then the name of this CRS will be used.
+    # @param geog_3d_crs [Crs] Base geographic 3D CRS for the new CRS. Defaults to nil.
+    #
+    # @return [Crs]
+    def projected_3d(name: nil, geog_3d_crs: nil)
+      ptr = Api.proj_crs_create_projected_3d_crs_from_2d(self.context, name, self, geog_3d_crs)
+
+      if ptr.null?
+        Error.check_object(self)
+      end
+
+      self.class.create_object(ptr, context)
+    end
+  end
+end