RubyGems - proj4rb - Versions diffs - 4.1.0 → 5.0.0 - Mend

proj4rb 4.1.0 → 5.0.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.

Files changed (115) hide show

checksums.yaml +4 -4
data/CHANGELOG.md +98 -0
data/Gemfile +4 -4
data/README.md +53 -0
data/lib/api/proj.rb +750 -0
data/lib/api/proj_experimental.rb +7 -0
data/lib/api/proj_ffi.rb +47 -0
data/lib/api/proj_version.rb +26 -0
data/lib/examples/axis_order_normalization.rb +13 -0
data/lib/examples/batch_transformation.rb +25 -0
data/lib/examples/context_logging.rb +26 -0
data/lib/examples/crs_identification.rb +18 -0
data/lib/examples/database_query.rb +27 -0
data/lib/examples/geodetic_distance.rb +38 -0
data/lib/examples/geodetic_to_projected.rb +18 -0
data/lib/examples/operation_factory_context.rb +19 -0
data/lib/examples/pipeline_operator.rb +21 -0
data/lib/examples/promote_demote_3d.rb +23 -0
data/lib/examples/serialization_formats.rb +17 -0
data/lib/examples/transform_bounds.rb +18 -0
data/lib/examples/transformation_with_area.rb +18 -0
data/lib/proj/area.rb +74 -74
data/lib/proj/axis_info.rb +44 -44
data/lib/proj/bounds.rb +22 -0
data/lib/proj/bounds3d.rb +45 -0
data/lib/proj/context.rb +57 -23
data/lib/proj/conversion.rb +94 -91
data/lib/proj/coordinate.rb +304 -281
data/lib/proj/coordinate_metadata.rb +38 -0
data/lib/proj/coordinate_operation_mixin.rb +464 -381
data/lib/proj/coordinate_system.rb +143 -137
data/lib/proj/crs.rb +688 -672
data/lib/proj/crs_info.rb +47 -47
data/lib/proj/database.rb +310 -305
data/lib/proj/datum.rb +32 -32
data/lib/proj/datum_ensemble.rb +34 -34
data/lib/proj/domain.rb +82 -0
data/lib/proj/ellipsoid.rb +77 -77
data/lib/proj/error.rb +7 -8
data/lib/proj/file_api_callbacks.rb +165 -0
data/lib/proj/grid.rb +121 -121
data/lib/proj/grid_cache.rb +65 -64
data/lib/proj/grid_info.rb +19 -19
data/lib/proj/life_span.rb +21 -0
data/lib/proj/network_api_callbacks.rb +86 -0
data/lib/proj/operation.rb +66 -42
data/lib/proj/operation_factory_context.rb +4 -2
data/lib/proj/options.rb +41 -0
data/lib/proj/parameter.rb +37 -37
data/lib/proj/parameters.rb +106 -107
data/lib/proj/pj_axis_description.rb +26 -0
data/lib/proj/pj_object.rb +602 -670
data/lib/proj/pj_objects.rb +45 -45
data/lib/proj/pj_param_description.rb +28 -0
data/lib/proj/prime_meridian.rb +65 -65
data/lib/proj/projection.rb +1771 -698
data/lib/proj/session.rb +2 -0
data/lib/proj/transformation.rb +102 -102
data/lib/proj/unit.rb +81 -108
data/lib/proj.rb +10 -3
data/lib/proj4.rb +5 -5
data/proj4rb.gemspec +10 -5
data/test/abstract_test.rb +7 -28
data/test/context_test.rb +210 -172
data/test/context_validation_test.rb +11 -0
data/test/conversion_test.rb +376 -368
data/test/coordinate_metadata_test.rb +34 -0
data/test/coordinate_system_test.rb +162 -144
data/test/coordinate_test.rb +289 -34
data/test/crs_test.rb +1112 -1072
data/test/database_test.rb +407 -359
data/test/datum_ensemble_test.rb +64 -64
data/test/datum_test.rb +61 -54
data/test/domain_test.rb +72 -0
data/test/ellipsoid_test.rb +80 -80
data/test/examples_test.rb +149 -0
data/test/file_api_example.rb +58 -0
data/test/file_api_test.rb +74 -66
data/test/grid_cache_test.rb +72 -72
data/test/grid_test.rb +126 -141
data/test/network_api_example.rb +48 -0
data/test/network_api_test.rb +33 -45
data/test/operation_factory_context_test.rb +225 -201
data/test/operation_test.rb +40 -29
data/test/options_test.rb +17 -0
data/test/parameters_test.rb +86 -40
data/test/pj_object_test.rb +221 -179
data/test/prime_meridian_test.rb +75 -75
data/test/proj_test.rb +58 -58
data/test/projection_test.rb +680 -650
data/test/session_test.rb +78 -77
data/test/transformation_test.rb +238 -210
data/test/unit_test.rb +114 -76
metadata +45 -31
data/ChangeLog +0 -89
data/README.rdoc +0 -207
data/lib/api/api.rb +0 -117
data/lib/api/api_5_0.rb +0 -338
data/lib/api/api_5_1.rb +0 -7
data/lib/api/api_5_2.rb +0 -5
data/lib/api/api_6_0.rb +0 -146
data/lib/api/api_6_1.rb +0 -5
data/lib/api/api_6_2.rb +0 -10
data/lib/api/api_6_3.rb +0 -6
data/lib/api/api_7_0.rb +0 -69
data/lib/api/api_7_1.rb +0 -73
data/lib/api/api_7_2.rb +0 -14
data/lib/api/api_8_0.rb +0 -6
data/lib/api/api_8_1.rb +0 -24
data/lib/api/api_8_2.rb +0 -6
data/lib/api/api_9_1.rb +0 -7
data/lib/api/api_9_2.rb +0 -9
data/lib/api/api_experimental.rb +0 -201
data/lib/proj/file_api.rb +0 -166
data/lib/proj/network_api.rb +0 -92

data/test/conversion_test.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,368 +1,376 @@
-# encoding: UTF-8
-require_relative './abstract_test'
-class ConversionTest < AbstractTest
-  def test_create_conversion
-    context = Proj::Context.new
-    param = Proj::Parameter.new(name: "param name", value: 0.99,
-                                unit_conv_factor: 1.0, unit_type: :PJ_UT_SCALE)
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create_conversion(context, name: "conv",
-                                                    auth_name: "conv auth", code: "conv code",
-                                                    method_name: "method", method_auth_name: "method auth", method_code: "method code",
-                                                    params: [param])
-    assert(conversion)
-    assert_equal("conv", conversion.name)
-    assert_equal("conv auth:conv code", conversion.auth)
-    assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_CONVERSION, conversion.proj_type)
-  end
-  def test_inverse_operation
-    operation = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
-                  +proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step
-                  +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push
-                  +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=evrst30 +step +proj=helmert
-                  +x=293 +y=836 +z=318 +rx=0.5 +ry=1.6 +rz=-2.8 +s=2.1
-                  +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart
-                  +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert
-                  +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
-                EOS
-    inverse = operation.create_inverse
-    proj_string = inverse.to_proj_string(:PJ_PROJ_5, multiline: true, indentation_width: 4, max_line_length: 40)
-    expected = if proj7?
-                 <<~EOS
-                  +proj=pipeline
-                      +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
-                      +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg
-                            +xy_out=rad
-                      +step +proj=push +v_3
-                      +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84
-                      +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=293
-                            +y=836 +z=318 +rx=0.5 +ry=1.6
-                            +rz=-2.8 +s=2.1
-                            +convention=position_vector
-                      +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=evrst30
-                      +step +proj=pop +v_3
-                      +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad
-                            +xy_out=deg
-                      +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
-                 EOS
-               else
-                 "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=293 +y=836 +z=318 +rx=0.5 +ry=1.6 +rz=-2.8 +s=2.1 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=evrst30 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1"
-               end
-    assert_equal(expected.strip, proj_string)
-  end
-  def test_accuracy_coordinate_operation
-    object = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1170", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION)
-    assert_equal(16.0, object.accuracy)
-  end
-  def test_roundrip
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80")
-    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(55), z: 100)
-    coord2 = conversion.forward(coord1)
-    dist = conversion.roundtrip(:PJ_FWD, 10000, coord1)
-    dist += conversion.roundtrip(:PJ_INV, 10000, coord2)
-    assert(dist < 4e-9)
-  end
-  def test_accuracy_projection
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create("+proj=helmert")
-    assert_equal(-1.0, conversion.accuracy)
-  end
-  def test_method_info
-    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
-    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
-    assert_equal("Transverse Mercator", operation.method_name)
-    assert_equal("EPSG", operation.method_auth_name)
-    assert_equal("9807", operation.method_code)
-  end
-  def test_ballpark_transformation
-    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
-    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
-    refute(operation.ballpark_transformation?)
-  end
-  def test_param_count
-    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
-    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
-    assert_equal(5, operation.param_count)
-  end
-  def test_param
-    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
-    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
-    param = operation.param(3)
-    assert_equal("False easting", param.name)
-    assert_equal("EPSG", param.auth_name)
-    assert_equal("8806", param.code)
-    assert_equal(500000.0, param.value)
-    refute(param.value_string)
-    assert_equal(1.0, param.unit_conv_factor)
-    assert_equal("metre", param.unit_name)
-    assert_equal("EPSG", param.unit_auth_name)
-    assert_equal("9001", param.unit_code)
-    assert_equal("linear", param.unit_category)
-  end
-  def test_grid_count
-    operation = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1312", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION)
-    assert_equal(1, operation.grid_count)
-  end
-  def test_grid_url_invalid_index
-    context = Proj::Context.new
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1312", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION, false, context)
-    error = assert_raises(Proj::Error) do
-      conversion.grid(-1)
-    end
-    if proj9?
-      assert_equal("File not found or invalid", error.to_s)
-    else
-      assert_equal("Unknown error (code 4096)", error.to_s)
-    end
-  end
-  def test_grid_url
-    context = Proj::Context.new
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1312", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION, true, context)
-    grid = conversion.grid(0)
-    assert_equal("ca_nrc_ntv1_can.tif", grid.name)
-    assert_match(/ntv1_can/, grid.full_name)
-    assert(grid.package_name.empty?)
-    assert_equal("https://cdn.proj.org/ca_nrc_ntv1_can.tif", grid.url)
-    assert(grid.downloadable?)
-    assert(grid.open_license?)
-    assert(grid.available?)
-  end
-  def test_xy_dist
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=utm; +zone=32; +ellps=GRS80")
-    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lam: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12),
-                                  phi: Proj.degrees_to_radians(55))
-    coord2 = conversion.forward(coord1)
-    coord1 = conversion.forward(coord1)
-    dist = conversion.xy_distance(coord1, coord2)
-    assert(dist < 2e-9)
-  end
-  def test_angular_input
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80")
-    assert(conversion.angular_input?(:PJ_FWD))
-    refute(conversion.angular_input?(:PJ_INV))
-  end
-  def test_angular_output
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80")
-    refute(conversion.angular_output?(:PJ_FWD))
-    assert(conversion.angular_output?(:PJ_INV))
-  end
-  def test_degree_input
-    skip "Unsure why these test fail"
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
-                    +proj=pipeline
-                    +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
-                    "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg
-                  EOS
-    refute(conversion.degree_input?(:PJ_FWD))
-    assert(conversion.degree_input?(:PJ_INV))
-  end
-  def test_degree_output
-    skip "Unsure why these test fail"
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
-                    +proj=pipeline
-                    +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
-                    "+step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg
-    EOS
-    assert(conversion.degree_output?(:PJ_FWD))
-    refute(conversion.degree_output?(:PJ_INV))
-  end
-  def test_steps_concatenated
-    context = Proj::Context.new
-    source_crs = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "28356", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
-    target_crs = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "7856", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
-    factory_context = Proj::OperationFactoryContext.new(context)
-    factory_context.spatial_criterion = :PROJ_SPATIAL_CRITERION_PARTIAL_INTERSECTION
-    factory_context.grid_availability = :PROJ_GRID_AVAILABILITY_IGNORED
-    operations = factory_context.create_operations(source_crs, target_crs)
-    assert_equal(3, operations.count)
-    operation = operations[0]
-    assert_instance_of(Proj::Conversion, operation)
-    assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_CONCATENATED_OPERATION, operation.proj_type)
-    assert_equal(3, operation.step_count)
-    refute(operation.step(-1))
-    step = operation.step(1)
-    assert_equal("Transformation of GDA94 coordinates that have been derived through GNSS CORS.", step.scope)
-    assert_equal("Scale difference in ppb where 1/billion = 1E-9. See CT codes 8444-46 for NTv2 method giving equivalent results for Christmas Island, Cocos Islands and Australia respectively. See CT code 8447 for alternative including distortion model for Australia only.", step.remarks)
-  end
-  def test_transform_array
-    crs = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80")
-    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(55), z: 45)
-    coord2 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(56), z: 50)
-    new_coords = crs.transform_array([coord1, coord2], :PJ_FWD)
-    coord = new_coords[0]
-    assert_equal(691875.6321396607, coord.x)
-    assert_equal(6098907.825005012, coord.y)
-    assert_equal(45, coord.z)
-    assert_equal(0, coord.t)
-    coord = new_coords[1]
-    assert_equal(687071.439109443, coord.x)
-    assert_equal(6210141.326748009, coord.y)
-    assert_equal(50, coord.z)
-    assert_equal(0, coord.t)
-  end
-  def test_transform_array_invalid
-    context = Proj::Context.new
-    crs = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80", context)
-    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(95), z: 45)
-    coord2 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(56), z: 50)
-    error = assert_raises(Proj::Error) do
-      crs.transform_array([coord1, coord2], :PJ_FWD)
-    end
-    assert_equal("Invalid coordinate", error.to_s)
-  end
-  def test_pipeline
-    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
-                    +proj=pipeline
-                    +step +inv +proj=lcc +lat_1=33.88333333333333
-                    +lat_2=32.78333333333333 +lat_0=32.16666666666666
-                    +lon_0=-116.25 +x_0=2000000.0001016 +y_0=500000.0001016001 +ellps=GRS80
-                    +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=us-ft +no_defs
-                    +step +proj=lcc +lat_1=33.88333333333333 +lat_2=32.78333333333333 +lat_0=32.16666666666666
-                    +lon_0=-116.25 +x_0=2000000 +y_0=500000
-                    +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs
-                  EOS
-    # The Presidio, approximately
-    coordinate_1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(x: 4760096.421921, y: 3744293.729449)
-    coordinate_2 = conversion.forward(coordinate_1)
-    assert_in_delta(1450880.2910605003, coordinate_2.x)
-    assert_in_delta(1141263.01116045, coordinate_2.y)
-  end
-  if proj9?
-    def test_last_used_operation
-      wkt = <<~EOS
-      CONVERSION["UTM zone 31N",
-          METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
-              ID["EPSG",9807]],
-          PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,
-              ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
-              ID["EPSG",8801]],
-          PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",3,
-              ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
-              ID["EPSG",8802]],
-          PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",0.9996,
-              SCALEUNIT["unity",1],
-              ID["EPSG",8805]],
-          PARAMETER["False easting",500000,
-              LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
-              ID["EPSG",8806]],
-          PARAMETER["False northing",0,
-              LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
-              ID["EPSG",8807]],
-          ID["EPSG",16031]]
-      EOS
-      operation = Proj::Conversion.create_from_wkt(wkt)
-      puts operation.to_wkt
-      operation = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "16031", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION)
-      puts operation.to_wkt
-      last = operation.last_used_operation
-      refute(last)
-      coord = Proj::Coordinate.new(x: Proj::Api.proj_torad(3.0), y: 0, z: 0, t: 0)
-      new_coord = operation.forward(coord)
-      assert_in_delta(500000, new_coord.x, 1.0)
-      assert_in_delta(0.0, new_coord.y)
-      assert_in_delta(0.0, new_coord.z)
-      assert_in_delta(0.0, new_coord.t)
-      last = operation.last_used_operation
-      assert(last)
-      assert(last.equivalent_to?(operation, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
-    end
-  end
-  def test_convert_conversion_to_other_method
-    context = Proj::Context.new
-    coordinate_system = Proj::CoordinateSystem.create_ellipsoidal_2d(:PJ_ELLPS2D_LONGITUDE_LATITUDE, context)
-    crs = Proj::Crs.create_geographic(context, name: "WGS 84", datum_name: "World Geodetic System 1984", ellipsoid_name: "WGS 84",
-                                      semi_major_meter: 6378137, inv_flattening: 298.257223563,
-                                      prime_meridian_name: "Greenwich", prime_meridian_offset: 0.0, pm_angular_units: "Degree", pm_angular_units_conv: 0.0174532925199433,
-                                      coordinate_system: coordinate_system)
-    mercator = Proj::Projection.mercator_variant_a(context, center_lat: 0, center_long: 1,
-                                                   scale: 0.99,
-                                                   false_easting: 2, false_northing: 3,
-                                                   ang_unit_name: "Degree", ang_unit_conv_factor: 0.0174532925199433,
-                                                   linear_unit_name: "Metre", linear_unit_conv_factor: 1.0)
-    cartesian = Proj::CoordinateSystem.create_cartesian_2d(context, :PJ_CART2D_EASTING_NORTHING)
-    projected = Proj::Crs.create_projected(context, name: "My CRS", geodetic_crs: crs,
-                                           conversion: mercator, coordinate_system: cartesian)
-    conversion = projected.coordinate_operation
-    assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_CONVERSION, conversion.proj_type)
-    # Error - Don't set code or method name
-    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method
-    refute(new_conversion)
-    # 9805 is epsg code mercator variant b
-    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method(new_method_epsg_code: 9805)
-    assert(new_conversion)
-    refute(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
-    assert(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_EQUIVALENT))
-    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method(new_method_name: "Mercator (variant B)")
-    assert(new_conversion)
-    refute(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
-    assert(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_EQUIVALENT))
-    # Convert back
-    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method(new_method_name: "Mercator (variant A)")
-    assert(new_conversion)
-    assert(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
-  end
-end
+# encoding: UTF-8
+require_relative './abstract_test'
+class ConversionTest < AbstractTest
+  def test_create_conversion
+    context = Proj::Context.new
+    param = Proj::Parameter.new(name: "param name", value: 0.99,
+                                unit_conv_factor: 1.0, unit_type: :PJ_UT_SCALE)
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create_conversion(context, name: "conv",
+                                                    auth_name: "conv auth", code: "conv code",
+                                                    method_name: "method", method_auth_name: "method auth", method_code: "method code",
+                                                    params: [param])
+    assert(conversion)
+    assert_equal("conv", conversion.name)
+    assert_equal("conv auth:conv code", conversion.auth)
+    assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_CONVERSION, conversion.proj_type)
+  end
+  def test_inverse_operation
+    operation = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
+                  +proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step
+                  +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push
+                  +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=evrst30 +step +proj=helmert
+                  +x=293 +y=836 +z=318 +rx=0.5 +ry=1.6 +rz=-2.8 +s=2.1
+                  +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart
+                  +ellps=WGS84 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert
+                  +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
+                EOS
+    inverse = operation.create_inverse
+    proj_string = inverse.to_proj_string(:PJ_PROJ_5, multiline: true, indentation_width: 4, max_line_length: 40)
+    expected = if Proj::Api::PROJ_VERSION >= Gem::Version.new('7.0.0')
+                 <<~EOS
+                  +proj=pipeline
+                      +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
+                      +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg
+                            +xy_out=rad
+                      +step +proj=push +v_3
+                      +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84
+                      +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=293
+                            +y=836 +z=318 +rx=0.5 +ry=1.6
+                            +rz=-2.8 +s=2.1
+                            +convention=position_vector
+                      +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=evrst30
+                      +step +proj=pop +v_3
+                      +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad
+                            +xy_out=deg
+                      +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
+                 EOS
+               else
+                 "+proj=pipeline +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad +step +proj=push +v_3 +step +proj=cart +ellps=WGS84 +step +inv +proj=helmert +x=293 +y=836 +z=318 +rx=0.5 +ry=1.6 +rz=-2.8 +s=2.1 +convention=position_vector +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=evrst30 +step +proj=pop +v_3 +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1"
+               end
+    assert_equal(expected.strip, proj_string)
+  end
+  def test_create_from_crs_string
+    error = assert_raises(Proj::Error) do
+      Proj::Conversion.new("EPSG:4326")
+    end
+    assert_match(/Invalid conversion/, error.message)
+  end
+  def test_accuracy_coordinate_operation
+    object = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1170", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION)
+    assert_equal(16.0, object.accuracy)
+  end
+  def test_roundrip
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80")
+    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(55), z: 100)
+    coord2 = conversion.forward(coord1)
+    dist = conversion.roundtrip(:PJ_FWD, 10000, coord1)
+    dist += conversion.roundtrip(:PJ_INV, 10000, coord2)
+    assert(dist < 4e-9)
+  end
+  def test_accuracy_projection
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create("+proj=helmert")
+    assert_equal(-1.0, conversion.accuracy)
+  end
+  def test_method_info
+    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
+    assert_equal("Transverse Mercator", operation.method_name)
+    assert_equal("EPSG", operation.method_auth_name)
+    assert_equal("9807", operation.method_code)
+  end
+  def test_ballpark_transformation
+    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
+    refute(operation.ballpark_transformation?)
+  end
+  if Proj::Api::PROJ_VERSION >= Gem::Version.new('9.5.0')
+    def test_requires_per_coordinate_input_time
+      crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+      operation = crs.coordinate_operation
+      refute(operation.requires_per_coordinate_input_time?)
+    end
+  end
+  def test_param_count
+    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
+    assert_equal(5, operation.param_count)
+  end
+  def test_param
+    crs = Proj::Crs.create_from_database("EPSG", "32631", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+    operation = crs.coordinate_operation
+    param = operation.param(3)
+    assert_equal("False easting", param.name)
+    assert_equal("EPSG", param.auth_name)
+    assert_equal("8806", param.code)
+    assert_equal(500000.0, param.value)
+    refute(param.value_string)
+    assert_equal(1.0, param.unit_conv_factor)
+    assert_equal("metre", param.unit_name)
+    assert_equal("EPSG", param.unit_auth_name)
+    assert_equal("9001", param.unit_code)
+    assert_equal("linear", param.unit_category)
+  end
+  def test_grid_count
+    operation = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1312", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION)
+    assert_equal(1, operation.grid_count)
+  end
+  def test_grid_url_invalid_index
+    context = Proj::Context.new
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1312", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION, false, context)
+    error = assert_raises(Proj::Error) do
+      conversion.grid(-1)
+    end
+    assert_includes(["Unknown error (code 4096)", "File not found or invalid"], error.to_s)
+  end
+  def test_grid_url
+    context = Proj::Context.new
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "1312", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION, true, context)
+    grid = conversion.grid(0)
+    assert_equal("ca_nrc_ntv1_can.tif", grid.name)
+    assert(grid.package_name.empty?)
+    assert_equal("https://cdn.proj.org/ca_nrc_ntv1_can.tif", grid.url)
+    assert(grid.downloadable?)
+    assert(grid.open_license?)
+    #assert_match(/ntv1_can/, grid.full_name)
+    #assert(grid.available?)
+  end
+  def test_xy_dist
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=utm; +zone=32; +ellps=GRS80")
+    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lam: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12),
+                                  phi: Proj.degrees_to_radians(55))
+    coord2 = conversion.forward(coord1)
+    coord1 = conversion.forward(coord1)
+    dist = Proj::Coordinate.xy_distance(coord1, coord2)
+    assert(dist < 2e-9)
+  end
+  def test_angular_input
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80")
+    assert(conversion.angular_input?(:PJ_FWD))
+    refute(conversion.angular_input?(:PJ_INV))
+  end
+  def test_angular_output
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=cart +ellps=GRS80")
+    refute(conversion.angular_output?(:PJ_FWD))
+    assert(conversion.angular_output?(:PJ_INV))
+  end
+  def test_degree_input
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
+      +proj=pipeline
+      +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+      +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg
+    EOS
+    refute(conversion.degree_input?(:PJ_FWD))
+    assert(conversion.degree_input?(:PJ_INV))
+  end
+  def test_degree_output
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
+      +proj=pipeline
+      +step +inv +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+      +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg
+    EOS
+    assert(conversion.degree_output?(:PJ_FWD))
+    refute(conversion.degree_output?(:PJ_INV))
+  end
+  def test_steps_concatenated
+    context = Proj::Context.new
+    source_crs = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "28356", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+    target_crs = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "7856", :PJ_CATEGORY_CRS)
+    factory_context = Proj::OperationFactoryContext.new(context)
+    factory_context.spatial_criterion = :PROJ_SPATIAL_CRITERION_PARTIAL_INTERSECTION
+    factory_context.grid_availability = :PROJ_GRID_AVAILABILITY_IGNORED
+    operations = factory_context.create_operations(source_crs, target_crs)
+    assert_equal(3, operations.count)
+    operation = operations[0]
+    assert_instance_of(Proj::Conversion, operation)
+    assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_CONCATENATED_OPERATION, operation.proj_type)
+    assert_equal(3, operation.step_count)
+    refute(operation.step(-1))
+    step = operation.step(1)
+    assert_equal("Transformation of GDA94 coordinates that have been derived through GNSS CORS.", step.scope)
+    assert_equal("Scale difference in ppb where 1/billion = 1E-9. See CT codes 8444-46 for NTv2 method giving equivalent results for Christmas Island, Cocos Islands and Australia respectively. See CT code 8447 for alternative including distortion model for Australia only.", step.remarks)
+  end
+  def test_transform_array
+    crs = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80")
+    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(55), z: 45)
+    coord2 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(56), z: 50)
+    new_coords = crs.transform_array([coord1, coord2], :PJ_FWD)
+    coord = new_coords[0]
+    assert_equal(691875.6321396607, coord.x)
+    assert_equal(6098907.825005012, coord.y)
+    assert_equal(45, coord.z)
+    assert_equal(0, coord.t)
+    coord = new_coords[1]
+    assert_equal(687071.439109443, coord.x)
+    assert_equal(6210141.326748009, coord.y)
+    assert_equal(50, coord.z)
+    assert_equal(0, coord.t)
+    assert_equal(2, new_coords.size)
+  end
+  def test_transform_array_invalid
+    context = Proj::Context.new
+    crs = Proj::Conversion.new("+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80", context)
+    coord1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(95), z: 45)
+    coord2 = Proj::Coordinate.new(lon: Proj.degrees_to_radians(12), lat: Proj.degrees_to_radians(56), z: 50)
+    error = assert_raises(Proj::Error) do
+      crs.transform_array([coord1, coord2], :PJ_FWD)
+    end
+    assert_equal("Invalid coordinate", error.to_s)
+  end
+  def test_pipeline
+    conversion = Proj::Conversion.new(<<~EOS)
+                    +proj=pipeline
+                    +step +inv +proj=lcc +lat_1=33.88333333333333
+                    +lat_2=32.78333333333333 +lat_0=32.16666666666666
+                    +lon_0=-116.25 +x_0=2000000.0001016 +y_0=500000.0001016001 +ellps=GRS80
+                    +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=us-ft +no_defs
+                    +step +proj=lcc +lat_1=33.88333333333333 +lat_2=32.78333333333333 +lat_0=32.16666666666666
+                    +lon_0=-116.25 +x_0=2000000 +y_0=500000
+                    +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs
+                  EOS
+    # The Presidio, approximately
+    coordinate_1 = Proj::Coordinate.new(x: 4760096.421921, y: 3744293.729449)
+    coordinate_2 = conversion.forward(coordinate_1)
+    assert_in_delta(1450880.2910605003, coordinate_2.x)
+    assert_in_delta(1141263.01116045, coordinate_2.y)
+  end
+  if Proj::Api::PROJ_VERSION >= '9.0.0'
+    def test_last_used_operation
+      wkt = <<~EOS
+      CONVERSION["UTM zone 31N",
+          METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
+              ID["EPSG",9807]],
+          PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,
+              ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+              ID["EPSG",8801]],
+          PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",3,
+              ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+              ID["EPSG",8802]],
+          PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",0.9996,
+              SCALEUNIT["unity",1],
+              ID["EPSG",8805]],
+          PARAMETER["False easting",500000,
+              LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
+              ID["EPSG",8806]],
+          PARAMETER["False northing",0,
+              LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
+              ID["EPSG",8807]],
+          ID["EPSG",16031]]
+      EOS
+      operation = Proj::Conversion.create_from_wkt(wkt)
+      operation = Proj::Conversion.create_from_database("EPSG", "16031", :PJ_CATEGORY_COORDINATE_OPERATION)
+      last = operation.last_used_operation
+      refute(last)
+      coord = Proj::Coordinate.new(x: Proj::Api.proj_torad(3.0), y: 0, z: 0, t: 0)
+      new_coord = operation.forward(coord)
+      assert_in_delta(500000, new_coord.x, 1.0)
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, new_coord.y)
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, new_coord.z)
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, new_coord.t)
+      last = operation.last_used_operation
+      assert(last)
+      assert(last.equivalent_to?(operation, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
+    end
+  end
+  def test_convert_conversion_to_other_method
+    context = Proj::Context.new
+    coordinate_system = Proj::CoordinateSystem.create_ellipsoidal_2d(:PJ_ELLPS2D_LONGITUDE_LATITUDE, context)
+    crs = Proj::Crs.create_geographic(context, name: "WGS 84", datum_name: "World Geodetic System 1984", ellipsoid_name: "WGS 84",
+                                      semi_major_meter: 6378137, inv_flattening: 298.257223563,
+                                      prime_meridian_name: "Greenwich", prime_meridian_offset: 0.0, pm_angular_units: "Degree", pm_angular_units_conv: 0.0174532925199433,
+                                      coordinate_system: coordinate_system)
+    mercator = Proj::Projection.mercator_variant_a(context, center_latitude: 0, center_longitude: 1,
+                                                   scale: 0.99,
+                                                   false_easting: 2, false_northing: 3,
+                                                   angular_unit_name: "Degree", angular_unit_conversion_factor: 0.0174532925199433,
+                                                   linear_unit_name: "Metre", linear_unit_conversion_factor: 1.0)
+    cartesian = Proj::CoordinateSystem.create_cartesian_2d(context, :PJ_CART2D_EASTING_NORTHING)
+    projected = Proj::Crs.create_projected(context, name: "My CRS", geodetic_crs: crs,
+                                           conversion: mercator, coordinate_system: cartesian)
+    conversion = projected.coordinate_operation
+    assert_equal(:PJ_TYPE_CONVERSION, conversion.proj_type)
+    # Error - Don't set code or method name
+    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method
+    refute(new_conversion)
+    # 9805 is epsg code mercator variant b
+    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method(new_method_epsg_code: 9805)
+    assert(new_conversion)
+    refute(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
+    assert(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_EQUIVALENT))
+    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method(new_method_name: "Mercator (variant B)")
+    assert(new_conversion)
+    refute(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
+    assert(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_EQUIVALENT))
+    # Convert back
+    new_conversion = conversion.convert_to_other_method(new_method_name: "Mercator (variant A)")
+    assert(new_conversion)
+    assert(new_conversion.equivalent_to?(conversion, :PJ_COMP_STRICT))
+  end
+end