polars-df 0.13.0-aarch64-linux-musl

data/lib/polars/date_time_expr.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@
+module Polars
+  # Namespace for datetime related expressions.
+  class DateTimeExpr
+    # @private
+    attr_accessor :_rbexpr
+
+    # @private
+    def initialize(expr)
+      self._rbexpr = expr._rbexpr
+    end
+
+    # Divide the date/datetime range into buckets.
+    #
+    # Each date/datetime is mapped to the start of its bucket.
+    #
+    # @param every [String]
+    #   Every interval start and period length
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   The `every` argument is created with the
+    #   the following small string formatting language:
+    #
+    #   1ns  # 1 nanosecond
+    #   1us  # 1 microsecond
+    #   1ms  # 1 millisecond
+    #   1s   # 1 second
+    #   1m   # 1 minute
+    #   1h   # 1 hour
+    #   1d   # 1 day
+    #   1w   # 1 week
+    #   1mo  # 1 calendar month
+    #   1y   # 1 calendar year
+    #
+    #   eg: 3d12h4m25s  # 3 days, 12 hours, 4 minutes, and 25 seconds
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = (
+    #     Polars.datetime_range(
+    #       DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1),
+    #       DateTime.new(2001, 1, 2),
+    #       "225m",
+    #       eager: true
+    #     )
+    #     .alias("datetime")
+    #     .to_frame
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime            │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 03:45:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 07:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:15:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 18:45:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 22:30:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("datetime").dt.truncate("1h"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime            │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 03:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 07:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 18:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 22:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = (
+    #     Polars.datetime_range(
+    #       DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 1), "10m", eager: true
+    #     )
+    #     .alias("datetime")
+    #     .to_frame
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(["datetime", Polars.col("datetime").dt.truncate("30m").alias("truncate")])
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime            ┆ truncate            │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:10:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:20:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:40:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:50:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def truncate(every)
+      if !every.is_a?(Expr)
+        every = Utils.parse_as_duration_string(every)
+      end
+
+      every = Utils.parse_into_expression(every, str_as_lit: true)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_truncate(every))
+    end
+
+    # Divide the date/datetime range into buckets.
+    #
+    # Each date/datetime in the first half of the interval
+    # is mapped to the start of its bucket.
+    # Each date/datetime in the seconod half of the interval
+    # is mapped to the end of its bucket.
+    #
+    # @param every [String]
+    #   Every interval start and period length
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   The `every` and `offset` argument are created with the
+    #   the following small string formatting language:
+    #
+    #   1ns  # 1 nanosecond
+    #   1us  # 1 microsecond
+    #   1ms  # 1 millisecond
+    #   1s   # 1 second
+    #   1m   # 1 minute
+    #   1h   # 1 hour
+    #   1d   # 1 day
+    #   1w   # 1 week
+    #   1mo  # 1 calendar month
+    #   1y   # 1 calendar year
+    #
+    #   eg: 3d12h4m25s  # 3 days, 12 hours, 4 minutes, and 25 seconds
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   This functionality is currently experimental and may
+    #   change without it being considered a breaking change.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = (
+    #     Polars.datetime_range(
+    #       DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1),
+    #       DateTime.new(2001, 1, 2),
+    #       "225m",
+    #       eager: true
+    #     )
+    #     .alias("datetime")
+    #     .to_frame
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("datetime").dt.round("1h").alias("round"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime            ┆ round               │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 03:45:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 04:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 07:30:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 08:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:15:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 11:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 18:45:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 19:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 22:30:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 23:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = (
+    #     Polars.datetime_range(
+    #       DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 1), "10m", eager: true
+    #     )
+    #     .alias("datetime")
+    #     .to_frame
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("datetime").dt.round("30m").alias("round"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime            ┆ round               │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:10:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:20:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:40:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:50:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def round(every)
+      every = Utils.parse_into_expression(every, str_as_lit: true)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_round(every))
+    end
+
+    # Create a naive Datetime from an existing Date/Datetime expression and a Time.
+    #
+    # If the underlying expression is a Datetime then its time component is replaced,
+    # and if it is a Date then a new Datetime is created by combining the two values.
+    #
+    # @param time [Object]
+    #   A Ruby time literal or Polars expression/column that resolves to a time.
+    # @param time_unit ["ns", "us", "ms"]
+    #   Unit of time.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def combine(time, time_unit: "us")
+      unless time.is_a?(Time) || time.is_a?(Expr)
+        raise TypeError, "expected 'time' to be a Ruby time or Polars expression, found #{time}"
+      end
+      time = Utils.parse_into_expression(time)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_combine(time, time_unit))
+    end
+
+    # Convert a Date/Time/Datetime column into a String column with the given format.
+    #
+    # Similar to `cast(Polars::String)`, but this method allows you to customize the
+    # formatting of the resulting string.
+    #
+    # @param format [String]
+    #   Format to use, refer to the `chrono strftime documentation
+    #   <https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html>`_
+    #   for specification. Example: `"%y-%m-%d"`.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "datetime" => [
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 3, 1),
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 4, 1),
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 5, 1)
+    #       ]
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("datetime")
+    #     .dt.to_string("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
+    #     .alias("datetime_string")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime            ┆ datetime_string     │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ str                 │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2020/03/01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2020-04-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2020/04/01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2020-05-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2020/05/01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def to_string(format)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_to_string(format))
+    end
+
+    # Format Date/datetime with a formatting rule.
+    #
+    # See [chrono strftime/strptime](https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html).
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def strftime(fmt)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.strftime(fmt))
+    end
+
+    # Extract year from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the year number in the calendar date.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => [Date.new(1977, 1, 1), Date.new(1978, 1, 1), Date.new(1979, 1, 1)]}
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     calendar_year: Polars.col("date").dt.year,
+    #     iso_year: Polars.col("date").dt.iso_year
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬───────────────┬──────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ calendar_year ┆ iso_year │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---           ┆ ---      │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i32           ┆ i32      │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═══════════════╪══════════╡
+    #   # │ 1977-01-01 ┆ 1977          ┆ 1976     │
+    #   # │ 1978-01-01 ┆ 1978          ┆ 1977     │
+    #   # │ 1979-01-01 ┆ 1979          ┆ 1979     │
+    #   # └────────────┴───────────────┴──────────┘
+    def year
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_year)
+    end
+
+    # Determine whether the year of the underlying date is a leap year.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => [Date.new(2000, 1, 1), Date.new(2001, 1, 1), Date.new(2002, 1, 1)]}
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     leap_year: Polars.col("date").dt.is_leap_year
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬───────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ leap_year │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---       │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ bool      │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═══════════╡
+    #   # │ 2000-01-01 ┆ true      │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 ┆ false     │
+    #   # │ 2002-01-01 ┆ false     │
+    #   # └────────────┴───────────┘
+    def is_leap_year
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_is_leap_year)
+    end
+
+    # Extract ISO year from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the year number in the ISO standard.
+    # This may not correspond with the calendar year.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => [Date.new(1977, 1, 1), Date.new(1978, 1, 1), Date.new(1979, 1, 1)]}
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     "date",
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.year.alias("calendar_year"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.iso_year.alias("iso_year")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬───────────────┬──────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ calendar_year ┆ iso_year │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---           ┆ ---      │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i32           ┆ i32      │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═══════════════╪══════════╡
+    #   # │ 1977-01-01 ┆ 1977          ┆ 1976     │
+    #   # │ 1978-01-01 ┆ 1978          ┆ 1977     │
+    #   # │ 1979-01-01 ┆ 1979          ┆ 1979     │
+    #   # └────────────┴───────────────┴──────────┘
+    def iso_year
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_iso_year)
+    end
+
+    # Extract quarter from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the quarter ranging from 1 to 4.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => [Date.new(2001, 1, 1), Date.new(2001, 6, 30), Date.new(2001, 12, 27)]}
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("date").dt.quarter.alias("quarter"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬─────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ quarter │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---     │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i8      │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 ┆ 1       │
+    #   # │ 2001-06-30 ┆ 2       │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-27 ┆ 4       │
+    #   # └────────────┴─────────┘
+    def quarter
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_quarter)
+    end
+
+    # Extract month from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the month number starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 12.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => [Date.new(2001, 1, 1), Date.new(2001, 6, 30), Date.new(2001, 12, 27)]}
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("date").dt.month.alias("month"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬───────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ month │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---   │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i8    │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═══════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 ┆ 1     │
+    #   # │ 2001-06-30 ┆ 6     │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-27 ┆ 12    │
+    #   # └────────────┴───────┘
+    def month
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_month)
+    end
+
+    # Extract the week from the underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the ISO week number starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 53. (The last week of year differs by years.)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => [Date.new(2001, 1, 1), Date.new(2001, 6, 30), Date.new(2001, 12, 27)]}
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("date").dt.week.alias("week"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬──────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ week │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---  │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i8   │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪══════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 ┆ 1    │
+    #   # │ 2001-06-30 ┆ 26   │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-27 ┆ 52   │
+    #   # └────────────┴──────┘
+    def week
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_week)
+    end
+
+    # Extract the week day from the underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the ISO weekday number where monday = 1 and sunday = 7
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         Date.new(2001, 12, 22), Date.new(2001, 12, 25), eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.weekday.alias("weekday"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.day.alias("day_of_month"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.ordinal_day.alias("day_of_year")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 4)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ weekday ┆ day_of_month ┆ day_of_year │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---     ┆ ---          ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i8      ┆ i8           ┆ i16         │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-12-22 ┆ 6       ┆ 22           ┆ 356         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-23 ┆ 7       ┆ 23           ┆ 357         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-24 ┆ 1       ┆ 24           ┆ 358         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-25 ┆ 2       ┆ 25           ┆ 359         │
+    #   # └────────────┴─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┘
+    def weekday
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_weekday)
+    end
+
+    # Extract day from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the day of month starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 31. (The last day of month differs by months.)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         Date.new(2001, 12, 22), Date.new(2001, 12, 25), eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.weekday.alias("weekday"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.day.alias("day_of_month"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.ordinal_day.alias("day_of_year")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 4)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ weekday ┆ day_of_month ┆ day_of_year │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---     ┆ ---          ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i8      ┆ i8           ┆ i16         │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-12-22 ┆ 6       ┆ 22           ┆ 356         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-23 ┆ 7       ┆ 23           ┆ 357         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-24 ┆ 1       ┆ 24           ┆ 358         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-25 ┆ 2       ┆ 25           ┆ 359         │
+    #   # └────────────┴─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┘
+    def day
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_day)
+    end
+
+    # Extract ordinal day from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the day of month starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 31. (The last day of month differs by months.)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         Date.new(2001, 12, 22), Date.new(2001, 12, 25), eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.weekday.alias("weekday"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.day.alias("day_of_month"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.ordinal_day.alias("day_of_year")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 4)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ weekday ┆ day_of_month ┆ day_of_year │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---     ┆ ---          ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i8      ┆ i8           ┆ i16         │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-12-22 ┆ 6       ┆ 22           ┆ 356         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-23 ┆ 7       ┆ 23           ┆ 357         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-24 ┆ 1       ┆ 24           ┆ 358         │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-25 ┆ 2       ┆ 25           ┆ 359         │
+    #   # └────────────┴─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┘
+    def ordinal_day
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_ordinal_day)
+    end
+
+    # Time
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def time
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_time)
+    end
+
+    # Date
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def date
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_date)
+    end
+
+    # Datetime
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def datetime
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_datetime)
+    end
+
+    # Extract hour from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the hour number from 0 to 23.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "datetime" => [
+    #         Time.utc(1978, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0),
+    #         Time.utc(2024, 10, 13, 5, 30, 14, 500_000),
+    #         Time.utc(2065, 1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 60_000)
+    #       ]
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.hour.alias("hour"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.minute.alias("minute"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.second.alias("second"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.millisecond.alias("millisecond")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 5)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬──────┬────────┬────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime                ┆ hour ┆ minute ┆ second ┆ millisecond │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---  ┆ ---    ┆ ---    ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i8   ┆ i8     ┆ i8     ┆ i32         │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪══════╪════════╪════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 1978-01-01 01:01:01     ┆ 1    ┆ 1      ┆ 1      ┆ 0           │
+    #   # │ 2024-10-13 05:30:14.500 ┆ 5    ┆ 30     ┆ 14     ┆ 500         │
+    #   # │ 2065-01-01 10:20:30.060 ┆ 10   ┆ 20     ┆ 30     ┆ 60          │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴──────┴────────┴────────┴─────────────┘
+    def hour
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_hour)
+    end
+
+    # Extract minutes from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the minute number from 0 to 59.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "datetime" => [
+    #         Time.utc(1978, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0),
+    #         Time.utc(2024, 10, 13, 5, 30, 14, 500_000),
+    #         Time.utc(2065, 1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 60_000)
+    #       ]
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.hour.alias("hour"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.minute.alias("minute"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.second.alias("second"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.millisecond.alias("millisecond")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 5)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬──────┬────────┬────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime                ┆ hour ┆ minute ┆ second ┆ millisecond │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---  ┆ ---    ┆ ---    ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i8   ┆ i8     ┆ i8     ┆ i32         │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪══════╪════════╪════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 1978-01-01 01:01:01     ┆ 1    ┆ 1      ┆ 1      ┆ 0           │
+    #   # │ 2024-10-13 05:30:14.500 ┆ 5    ┆ 30     ┆ 14     ┆ 500         │
+    #   # │ 2065-01-01 10:20:30.060 ┆ 10   ┆ 20     ┆ 30     ┆ 60          │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴──────┴────────┴────────┴─────────────┘
+    def minute
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_minute)
+    end
+
+    # Extract seconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the integer second number from 0 to 59, or a floating
+    # point number from 0 < 60 if `fractional: true` that includes
+    # any milli/micro/nanosecond component.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "datetime" => [
+    #         Time.utc(1978, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0),
+    #         Time.utc(2024, 10, 13, 5, 30, 14, 500_000),
+    #         Time.utc(2065, 1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 60_000)
+    #       ]
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.hour.alias("hour"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.minute.alias("minute"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.second.alias("second"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.millisecond.alias("millisecond")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 5)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬──────┬────────┬────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime                ┆ hour ┆ minute ┆ second ┆ millisecond │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---  ┆ ---    ┆ ---    ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i8   ┆ i8     ┆ i8     ┆ i32         │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪══════╪════════╪════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 1978-01-01 01:01:01     ┆ 1    ┆ 1      ┆ 1      ┆ 0           │
+    #   # │ 2024-10-13 05:30:14.500 ┆ 5    ┆ 30     ┆ 14     ┆ 500         │
+    #   # │ 2065-01-01 10:20:30.060 ┆ 10   ┆ 20     ┆ 30     ┆ 60          │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴──────┴────────┴────────┴─────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.hour.alias("hour"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.minute.alias("minute"),
+    #     Polars.col("datetime").dt.second(fractional: true).alias("second")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 4)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬──────┬────────┬────────┐
+    #   # │ datetime                ┆ hour ┆ minute ┆ second │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---  ┆ ---    ┆ ---    │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i8   ┆ i8     ┆ f64    │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪══════╪════════╪════════╡
+    #   # │ 1978-01-01 01:01:01     ┆ 1    ┆ 1      ┆ 1.0    │
+    #   # │ 2024-10-13 05:30:14.500 ┆ 5    ┆ 30     ┆ 14.5   │
+    #   # │ 2065-01-01 10:20:30.060 ┆ 10   ┆ 20     ┆ 30.06  │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴──────┴────────┴────────┘
+    def second(fractional: false)
+      sec = Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_second)
+      if fractional
+        sec + (Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_nanosecond) / F.lit(1_000_000_000.0))
+      else
+        sec
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Extract milliseconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def millisecond
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_millisecond)
+    end
+
+    # Extract microseconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def microsecond
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_microsecond)
+    end
+
+    # Extract nanoseconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def nanosecond
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_nanosecond)
+    end
+
+    # Get the time passed since the Unix EPOCH in the give time unit.
+    #
+    # @param time_unit ["us", "ns", "ms", "s", "d"]
+    #   Time unit.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = (
+    #     Polars.date_range(Date.new(2001, 1, 1), Date.new(2001, 1, 3), eager: true)
+    #     .alias("date")
+    #     .to_frame
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.epoch.alias("epoch_ns"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.epoch("s").alias("epoch_s")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ epoch_ns        ┆ epoch_s   │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---             ┆ ---       │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i64             ┆ i64       │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═════════════════╪═══════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 ┆ 978307200000000 ┆ 978307200 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 ┆ 978393600000000 ┆ 978393600 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 ┆ 978480000000000 ┆ 978480000 │
+    #   # └────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────┘
+    def epoch(time_unit = "us")
+      if Utils::DTYPE_TEMPORAL_UNITS.include?(time_unit)
+        timestamp(time_unit)
+      elsif time_unit == "s"
+        Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_epoch_seconds)
+      elsif time_unit == "d"
+        Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr).cast(:date).cast(:i32)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "time_unit must be one of {'ns', 'us', 'ms', 's', 'd'}, got #{time_unit.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Return a timestamp in the given time unit.
+    #
+    # @param time_unit ["us", "ns", "ms"]
+    #   Time unit.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = (
+    #     Polars.date_range(Date.new(2001, 1, 1), Date.new(2001, 1, 3), eager: true)
+    #     .alias("date")
+    #     .to_frame
+    #   )
+    #   df.with_columns(
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.timestamp.alias("timestamp_us"),
+    #     Polars.col("date").dt.timestamp("ms").alias("timestamp_ms")
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ date       ┆ timestamp_us    ┆ timestamp_ms │
+    #   # │ ---        ┆ ---             ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ date       ┆ i64             ┆ i64          │
+    #   # ╞════════════╪═════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 ┆ 978307200000000 ┆ 978307200000 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 ┆ 978393600000000 ┆ 978393600000 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 ┆ 978480000000000 ┆ 978480000000 │
+    #   # └────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def timestamp(time_unit = "us")
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_timestamp(time_unit))
+    end
+
+    # Set time unit of a Series of dtype Datetime or Duration.
+    #
+    # This does not modify underlying data, and should be used to fix an incorrect
+    # time unit.
+    #
+    # @param time_unit ["ns", "us", "ms"]
+    #   Time unit for the `Datetime` Series.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def with_time_unit(time_unit)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_with_time_unit(time_unit))
+    end
+
+    # Cast the underlying data to another time unit. This may lose precision.
+    #
+    # @param time_unit ["ns", "us", "ms"]
+    #   Time unit for the `Datetime` Series.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2001, 1, 3), "1d", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.cast_time_unit("ms").alias("tu_ms"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.cast_time_unit("ns").alias("tu_ns")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ tu_ms               ┆ tu_ns               │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ datetime[ms]        ┆ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def cast_time_unit(time_unit)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_cast_time_unit(time_unit))
+    end
+
+    # Set time zone for a Series of type Datetime.
+    #
+    # @param time_zone [String]
+    #   Time zone for the `Datetime` Series.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 3, 1),
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 5, 1),
+    #         "1mo",
+    #         time_zone: "UTC",
+    #         eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date")
+    #         .dt.convert_time_zone("Europe/London")
+    #         .alias("London")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ London                      │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---                         │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns, UTC]       ┆ datetime[ns, Europe/London] │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪═════════════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 UTC ┆ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 GMT     │
+    #   # │ 2020-04-01 00:00:00 UTC ┆ 2020-04-01 01:00:00 BST     │
+    #   # │ 2020-05-01 00:00:00 UTC ┆ 2020-05-01 01:00:00 BST     │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
+    def convert_time_zone(time_zone)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_convert_time_zone(time_zone))
+    end
+
+    # Cast time zone for a Series of type Datetime.
+    #
+    # Different from `convert_time_zone`, this will also modify
+    # the underlying timestamp,
+    #
+    # @param time_zone [String]
+    #     Time zone for the `Datetime` Series. Pass `nil` to unset time zone.
+    # @param ambiguous [String]
+    #     Determine how to deal with ambiguous datetimes.
+    # @param non_existent [String]
+    #     Determine how to deal with non-existent datetimes.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def replace_time_zone(time_zone, ambiguous: "raise", non_existent: "raise")
+      unless ambiguous.is_a?(Expr)
+        ambiguous = Polars.lit(ambiguous)
+      end
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_replace_time_zone(time_zone, ambiguous._rbexpr, non_existent))
+    end
+
+    # Extract the days from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 3, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 5, 1), "1mo", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.days.alias("days_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬───────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ days_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---       │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ i64       │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═══════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 ┆ null      │
+    #   # │ 2020-04-01 00:00:00 ┆ 31        │
+    #   # │ 2020-05-01 00:00:00 ┆ 30        │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴───────────┘
+    def total_days
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_days)
+    end
+    alias_method :days, :total_days
+
+    # Extract the hours from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 4), "1d", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.hours.alias("hours_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ hours_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---        │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ i64        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ null       │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 24         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 24         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 ┆ 24         │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴────────────┘
+    def total_hours
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_hours)
+    end
+    alias_method :hours, :total_hours
+
+    # Extract the minutes from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 4), "1d", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.minutes.alias("minutes_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ minutes_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ i64          │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ null         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 1440         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 1440         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 ┆ 1440         │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def total_minutes
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_minutes)
+    end
+    alias_method :minutes, :total_minutes
+
+    # Extract the seconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 4, 0), "1m", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.seconds.alias("seconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (5, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ seconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ i64          │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ null         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:01:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:02:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:03:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:04:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def total_seconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_seconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :seconds, :total_seconds
+
+    # Extract the milliseconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), "1ms", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.milliseconds.alias("milliseconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (1_001, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬───────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ milliseconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---               │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i64               │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪═══════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00     ┆ null              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.001 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.002 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.003 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.004 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ …                       ┆ …                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.996 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.997 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.998 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.999 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01     ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴───────────────────┘
+    def total_milliseconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_milliseconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :milliseconds, :total_milliseconds
+
+    # Extract the microseconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), "1ms", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.microseconds.alias("microseconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (1_001, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬───────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ microseconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---               │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i64               │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪═══════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00     ┆ null              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.001 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.002 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.003 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.004 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ …                       ┆ …                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.996 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.997 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.998 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.999 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01     ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴───────────────────┘
+    def total_microseconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_microseconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :microseconds, :total_microseconds
+
+    # Extract the nanoseconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), "1ms", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.nanoseconds.alias("nanoseconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (1_001, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬──────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ nanoseconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---              │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]            ┆ i64              │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪══════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00     ┆ null             │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.001 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.002 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.003 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.004 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ …                       ┆ …                │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.996 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.997 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.998 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.999 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01     ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴──────────────────┘
+    def total_nanoseconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_nanoseconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :nanoseconds, :total_nanoseconds
+
+    # Offset this date by a relative time offset.
+    #
+    # This differs from `Polars.col("foo") + timedelta` in that it can
+    # take months and leap years into account. Note that only a single minus
+    # sign is allowed in the `by` string, as the first character.
+    #
+    # @param by [String]
+    #   The offset is dictated by the following string language:
+    #
+    #     - 1ns   (1 nanosecond)
+    #     - 1us   (1 microsecond)
+    #     - 1ms   (1 millisecond)
+    #     - 1s    (1 second)
+    #     - 1m    (1 minute)
+    #     - 1h    (1 hour)
+    #     - 1d    (1 day)
+    #     - 1w    (1 week)
+    #     - 1mo   (1 calendar month)
+    #     - 1y    (1 calendar year)
+    #     - 1i    (1 index count)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "dates" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2005, 1, 1), "1y", eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("dates").dt.offset_by("1y").alias("date_plus_1y"),
+    #       Polars.col("dates").dt.offset_by("-1y2mo").alias("date_min")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (6, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date_plus_1y        ┆ date_min            │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 1998-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2002-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 1999-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2003-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2000-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2004-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2005-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2002-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2006-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2003-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def offset_by(by)
+      by = Utils.parse_into_expression(by, str_as_lit: true)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_offset_by(by))
+    end
+
+    # Roll backward to the first day of the month.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "dates" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 1, 15, 2),
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 12, 15, 2),
+    #         "1mo",
+    #         eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("dates").dt.month_start)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (12, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2000-01-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-02-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-03-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-04-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-05-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ …                   │
+    #   # │ 2000-08-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-09-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-10-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-11-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-12-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    def month_start
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_month_start)
+    end
+
+    # Roll forward to the last day of the month.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "dates" => Polars.datetime_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 1, 15, 2),
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 12, 15, 2),
+    #         "1mo",
+    #         eager: true
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("dates").dt.month_end)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (12, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2000-01-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-02-29 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-03-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-04-30 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-05-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ …                   │
+    #   # │ 2000-08-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-09-30 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-10-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-11-30 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-12-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    def month_end
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_month_end)
+    end
+
+    # Base offset from UTC.
+    #
+    # This is usually constant for all datetimes in a given time zone, but
+    # may vary in the rare case that a country switches time zone, like
+    # Samoa (Apia) did at the end of 2011.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "ts" => [DateTime.new(2011, 12, 29), DateTime.new(2012, 1, 1)],
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df = df.with_columns(Polars.col("ts").dt.replace_time_zone("Pacific/Apia"))
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("ts").dt.base_utc_offset.alias("base_utc_offset"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (2, 2)
+    #   # ┌────────────────────────────┬─────────────────┐
+    #   # │ ts                         ┆ base_utc_offset │
+    #   # │ ---                        ┆ ---             │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns, Pacific/Apia] ┆ duration[ms]    │
+    #   # ╞════════════════════════════╪═════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2011-12-29 00:00:00 -10    ┆ -11h            │
+    #   # │ 2012-01-01 00:00:00 +14    ┆ 13h             │
+    #   # └────────────────────────────┴─────────────────┘
+    def base_utc_offset
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_base_utc_offset)
+    end
+
+    # Additional offset currently in effect (typically due to daylight saving time).
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "ts" => [DateTime.new(2020, 10, 25), DateTime.new(2020, 10, 26)],
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df = df.with_columns(Polars.col("ts").dt.replace_time_zone("Europe/London"))
+    #   df.with_columns(Polars.col("ts").dt.dst_offset.alias("dst_offset"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (2, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ ts                          ┆ dst_offset   │
+    #   # │ ---                         ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns, Europe/London] ┆ duration[ms] │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-10-25 00:00:00 BST     ┆ 1h           │
+    #   # │ 2020-10-26 00:00:00 GMT     ┆ 0ms          │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def dst_offset
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_dst_offset)
+    end
+  end
+end