polars-df 0.10.0-x86_64-linux-musl

data/lib/polars/date_time_expr.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1444 @@
+module Polars
+  # Namespace for datetime related expressions.
+  class DateTimeExpr
+    # @private
+    attr_accessor :_rbexpr
+
+    # @private
+    def initialize(expr)
+      self._rbexpr = expr._rbexpr
+    end
+
+    # Divide the date/datetime range into buckets.
+    #
+    # Each date/datetime is mapped to the start of its bucket.
+    #
+    # @param every [String]
+    #   Every interval start and period length
+    # @param offset [String]
+    #   Offset the window
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   The `every` and `offset` argument are created with the
+    #   the following small string formatting language:
+    #
+    #   1ns  # 1 nanosecond
+    #   1us  # 1 microsecond
+    #   1ms  # 1 millisecond
+    #   1s   # 1 second
+    #   1m   # 1 minute
+    #   1h   # 1 hour
+    #   1d   # 1 day
+    #   1w   # 1 week
+    #   1mo  # 1 calendar month
+    #   1y   # 1 calendar year
+    #
+    #   eg: 3d12h4m25s  # 3 days, 12 hours, 4 minutes, and 25 seconds
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 2)
+    #   df = Polars.date_range(
+    #     start, stop, "225m", name: "dates"
+    #   ).to_frame
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 03:45:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 07:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:15:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 18:45:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 22:30:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("dates").dt.truncate("1h"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 03:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 07:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 18:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 22:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 1)
+    #   df = Polars.date_range(start, stop, "10m", name: "dates").to_frame
+    #   df.select(["dates", Polars.col("dates").dt.truncate("30m").alias("truncate")])
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               ┆ truncate            │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:10:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:20:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:40:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:50:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def truncate(every, offset: nil, use_earliest: nil)
+      if offset.nil?
+        offset = "0ns"
+      end
+
+      if !every.is_a?(Expr)
+        every = Utils._timedelta_to_pl_duration(every)
+      end
+      every = Utils.parse_as_expression(every, str_as_lit: true)
+
+      Utils.wrap_expr(
+        _rbexpr.dt_truncate(
+          every,
+          Utils._timedelta_to_pl_duration(offset),
+        )
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Divide the date/datetime range into buckets.
+    #
+    # Each date/datetime in the first half of the interval
+    # is mapped to the start of its bucket.
+    # Each date/datetime in the seconod half of the interval
+    # is mapped to the end of its bucket.
+    #
+    # @param every [String]
+    #   Every interval start and period length
+    # @param offset [String]
+    #   Offset the window
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   The `every` and `offset` argument are created with the
+    #   the following small string formatting language:
+    #
+    #   1ns  # 1 nanosecond
+    #   1us  # 1 microsecond
+    #   1ms  # 1 millisecond
+    #   1s   # 1 second
+    #   1m   # 1 minute
+    #   1h   # 1 hour
+    #   1d   # 1 day
+    #   1w   # 1 week
+    #   1mo  # 1 calendar month
+    #   1y   # 1 calendar year
+    #
+    #   eg: 3d12h4m25s  # 3 days, 12 hours, 4 minutes, and 25 seconds
+    #
+    # @note
+    #   This functionality is currently experimental and may
+    #   change without it being considered a breaking change.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 2)
+    #   df = Polars.date_range(
+    #     start, stop, "225m", name: "dates"
+    #   ).to_frame
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 03:45:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 07:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:15:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 18:45:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 22:30:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("dates").dt.round("1h"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 04:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 08:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 11:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 15:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 19:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 23:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 1)
+    #   df = Polars.date_range(start, stop, "10m", name: "dates").to_frame
+    #   df.select(["dates", Polars.col("dates").dt.round("30m").alias("round")])
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (7, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               ┆ round               │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:10:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:20:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:40:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:30:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:50:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 01:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def round(every, offset: nil)
+      if offset.nil?
+        offset = "0ns"
+      end
+
+      Utils.wrap_expr(
+        _rbexpr.dt_round(
+          Utils._timedelta_to_pl_duration(every),
+          Utils._timedelta_to_pl_duration(offset)
+        )
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Create a naive Datetime from an existing Date/Datetime expression and a Time.
+    #
+    # If the underlying expression is a Datetime then its time component is replaced,
+    # and if it is a Date then a new Datetime is created by combining the two values.
+    #
+    # @param time [Object]
+    #   A Ruby time literal or Polars expression/column that resolves to a time.
+    # @param time_unit ["ns", "us", "ms"]
+    #   Unit of time.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def combine(time, time_unit: "us")
+      unless time.is_a?(Time) || time.is_a?(Expr)
+        raise TypeError, "expected 'time' to be a Ruby time or Polars expression, found #{time}"
+      end
+      time = Utils.expr_to_lit_or_expr(time)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_combine(time._rbexpr, time_unit))
+    end
+
+    # Format Date/datetime with a formatting rule.
+    #
+    # See [chrono strftime/strptime](https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html).
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def strftime(fmt)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.strftime(fmt))
+    end
+
+    # Extract year from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the year number in the calendar date.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2002, 7, 1)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "180d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-06-30 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-27 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2002-06-25 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.year)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i32  │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 2001 │
+    #   # │ 2001 │
+    #   # │ 2001 │
+    #   # │ 2002 │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def year
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.year)
+    end
+
+    # Determine whether the year of the underlying date is a leap year.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2000, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2002, 1, 1)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "1y")}
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.is_leap_year)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌───────┐
+    #   # │ date  │
+    #   # │ ---   │
+    #   # │ bool  │
+    #   # ╞═══════╡
+    #   # │ true  │
+    #   # │ false │
+    #   # │ false │
+    #   # └───────┘
+    def is_leap_year
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_is_leap_year)
+    end
+
+    # Extract ISO year from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the year number in the ISO standard.
+    # This may not correspond with the calendar year.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def iso_year
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.iso_year)
+    end
+
+    # Extract quarter from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the quarter ranging from 1 to 4.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2002, 6, 1)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "180d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-06-30 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-12-27 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.quarter)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 1    │
+    #   # │ 2    │
+    #   # │ 4    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def quarter
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.quarter)
+    end
+
+    # Extract month from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the month number starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 12.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 4, 1)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "31d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-02-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-03-04 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.month)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 1    │
+    #   # │ 2    │
+    #   # │ 3    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def month
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.month)
+    end
+
+    # Extract the week from the underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the ISO week number starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 53. (The last week of year differs by years.)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 4, 1)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "31d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-02-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-03-04 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.week)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 1    │
+    #   # │ 5    │
+    #   # │ 9    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def week
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.week)
+    end
+
+    # Extract the week day from the underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the ISO weekday number where monday = 1 and sunday = 7
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 9)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "3d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-04 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-07 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.weekday.alias("weekday"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.day.alias("day_of_month"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.ordinal_day.alias("day_of_year")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ weekday ┆ day_of_month ┆ day_of_year │
+    #   # │ ---     ┆ ---          ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ i8      ┆ i8           ┆ i16         │
+    #   # ╞═════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 1       ┆ 1            ┆ 1           │
+    #   # │ 4       ┆ 4            ┆ 4           │
+    #   # │ 7       ┆ 7            ┆ 7           │
+    #   # └─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┘
+    def weekday
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.weekday)
+    end
+
+    # Extract day from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the day of month starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 31. (The last day of month differs by months.)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 9)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "3d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-04 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-07 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.weekday.alias("weekday"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.day.alias("day_of_month"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.ordinal_day.alias("day_of_year")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ weekday ┆ day_of_month ┆ day_of_year │
+    #   # │ ---     ┆ ---          ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ i8      ┆ i8           ┆ i16         │
+    #   # ╞═════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 1       ┆ 1            ┆ 1           │
+    #   # │ 4       ┆ 4            ┆ 4           │
+    #   # │ 7       ┆ 7            ┆ 7           │
+    #   # └─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┘
+    def day
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.day)
+    end
+
+    # Extract ordinal day from underlying Date representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Date and Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the day of month starting from 1.
+    # The return value ranges from 1 to 31. (The last day of month differs by months.)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 9)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "3d")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-04 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-07 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.weekday.alias("weekday"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.day.alias("day_of_month"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.ordinal_day.alias("day_of_year")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
+    #   # │ weekday ┆ day_of_month ┆ day_of_year │
+    #   # │ ---     ┆ ---          ┆ ---         │
+    #   # │ i8      ┆ i8           ┆ i16         │
+    #   # ╞═════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╡
+    #   # │ 1       ┆ 1            ┆ 1           │
+    #   # │ 4       ┆ 4            ┆ 4           │
+    #   # │ 7       ┆ 7            ┆ 7           │
+    #   # └─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┘
+    def ordinal_day
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.ordinal_day)
+    end
+
+    # Time
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def time
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_time)
+    end
+
+    # Date
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def date
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_date)
+    end
+
+    # Datetime
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def datetime
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_datetime)
+    end
+
+    # Extract hour from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the hour number from 0 to 23.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 2)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "12h")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 12:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.hour)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 0    │
+    #   # │ 12   │
+    #   # │ 0    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def hour
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.hour)
+    end
+
+    # Extract minutes from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the minute number from 0 to 59.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 0, 4, 0)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "2m")})
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:02:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:04:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.minute)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 0    │
+    #   # │ 2    │
+    #   # │ 4    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def minute
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.minute)
+    end
+
+    # Extract seconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # Returns the integer second number from 0 to 59, or a floating
+    # point number from 0 < 60 if `fractional: true` that includes
+    # any milli/micro/nanosecond component.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0.456789),
+    #         DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 6),
+    #         "2s654321us"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌────────────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                       │
+    #   # │ ---                        │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]               │
+    #   # ╞════════════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00.456789 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:03.111110 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:05.765431 │
+    #   # └────────────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.second.alias("secs"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ secs │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 0    │
+    #   # │ 3    │
+    #   # │ 5    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    #
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.second(fractional: true).alias("secs"))
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────────┐
+    #   # │ secs     │
+    #   # │ ---      │
+    #   # │ f64      │
+    #   # ╞══════════╡
+    #   # │ 0.456789 │
+    #   # │ 3.11111  │
+    #   # │ 5.765431 │
+    #   # └──────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "2s")}
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:02 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:04 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("date").dt.second)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 1)
+    #   # ┌──────┐
+    #   # │ date │
+    #   # │ ---  │
+    #   # │ i8   │
+    #   # ╞══════╡
+    #   # │ 0    │
+    #   # │ 2    │
+    #   # │ 4    │
+    #   # └──────┘
+    def second(fractional: false)
+      sec = Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.second)
+      if fractional
+        sec + (Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.nanosecond) / Utils.lit(1_000_000_000.0))
+      else
+        sec
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Extract milliseconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def millisecond
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.millisecond)
+    end
+
+    # Extract microseconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def microsecond
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.microsecond)
+    end
+
+    # Extract nanoseconds from underlying DateTime representation.
+    #
+    # Applies to Datetime columns.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def nanosecond
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.nanosecond)
+    end
+
+    # Get the time passed since the Unix EPOCH in the give time unit.
+    #
+    # @param tu ["us", "ns", "ms", "s", "d"]
+    #   Time unit.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 3)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "1d")})
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.epoch.alias("epoch_ns"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.epoch("s").alias("epoch_s")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ epoch_ns        ┆ epoch_s   │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---             ┆ ---       │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ i64             ┆ i64       │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════╪═══════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 978307200000000 ┆ 978307200 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 978393600000000 ┆ 978393600 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 978480000000000 ┆ 978480000 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────┘
+    def epoch(tu = "us")
+      if Utils::DTYPE_TEMPORAL_UNITS.include?(tu)
+        timestamp(tu)
+      elsif tu == "s"
+        Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_epoch_seconds)
+      elsif tu == "d"
+        Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr).cast(:date).cast(:i32)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "tu must be one of {{'ns', 'us', 'ms', 's', 'd'}}, got #{tu}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Return a timestamp in the given time unit.
+    #
+    # @param tu ["us", "ns", "ms"]
+    #   Time unit.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   start = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1)
+    #   stop = DateTime.new(2001, 1, 3)
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new({"date" => Polars.date_range(start, stop, "1d")})
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.timestamp.alias("timestamp_ns"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.timestamp("ms").alias("timestamp_ms")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ timestamp_ns    ┆ timestamp_ms │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---             ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ i64             ┆ i64          │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 978307200000000 ┆ 978307200000 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 978393600000000 ┆ 978393600000 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 978480000000000 ┆ 978480000000 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def timestamp(tu = "us")
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.timestamp(tu))
+    end
+
+    # Set time unit of a Series of dtype Datetime or Duration.
+    #
+    # This does not modify underlying data, and should be used to fix an incorrect
+    # time unit.
+    #
+    # @param tu ["ns", "us", "ms"]
+    #   Time unit for the `Datetime` Series.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2001, 1, 3), "1d", time_unit: "ns"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.with_time_unit("us").alias("tu_us")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬───────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ tu_us                 │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                   │
+    #   # │ datetime[ns]        ┆ datetime[μs]          │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═══════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ +32971-04-28 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ +32974-01-22 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ +32976-10-18 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴───────────────────────┘
+    def with_time_unit(tu)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_with_time_unit(tu))
+    end
+
+    # Cast the underlying data to another time unit. This may lose precision.
+    #
+    # @param tu ["ns", "us", "ms"]
+    #   Time unit for the `Datetime` Series.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2001, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2001, 1, 3), "1d"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.cast_time_unit("ms").alias("tu_ms"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").dt.cast_time_unit("ns").alias("tu_ns")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 3)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ tu_ms               ┆ tu_ns               │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ datetime[ms]        ┆ datetime[ns]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-02 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-01-03 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def cast_time_unit(tu)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_cast_time_unit(tu))
+    end
+
+    # Set time zone for a Series of type Datetime.
+    #
+    # @param tz [String]
+    #   Time zone for the `Datetime` Series.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 3, 1),
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 5, 1),
+    #         "1mo",
+    #         time_zone: "UTC"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date")
+    #         .dt.convert_time_zone("Europe/London")
+    #         .alias("London")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ London                      │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---                         │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs, UTC]       ┆ datetime[μs, Europe/London] │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪═════════════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 UTC ┆ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 GMT     │
+    #   # │ 2020-04-01 00:00:00 UTC ┆ 2020-04-01 01:00:00 BST     │
+    #   # │ 2020-05-01 00:00:00 UTC ┆ 2020-05-01 01:00:00 BST     │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
+    def convert_time_zone(tz)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_convert_time_zone(tz))
+    end
+
+    # Cast time zone for a Series of type Datetime.
+    #
+    # Different from `convert_time_zone`, this will also modify
+    # the underlying timestamp,
+    #
+    # @param time_zone [String]
+    #     Time zone for the `Datetime` Series. Pass `nil` to unset time zone.
+    # @param use_earliest [Boolean]
+    #     Determine how to deal with ambiguous datetimes.
+    # @param ambiguous [String]
+    #     Determine how to deal with ambiguous datetimes.
+    # @param non_existent [String]
+    #     Determine how to deal with non-existent datetimes.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    def replace_time_zone(time_zone, use_earliest: nil, ambiguous: "raise", non_existent: "raise")
+      ambiguous = Utils.rename_use_earliest_to_ambiguous(use_earliest, ambiguous)
+      ambiguous = Polars.lit(ambiguous) unless ambiguous.is_a?(Expr)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_replace_time_zone(time_zone, ambiguous._rbexpr, non_existent))
+    end
+
+    # Extract the days from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 3, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 5, 1), "1mo"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.days.alias("days_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (3, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬───────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ days_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---       │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ i64       │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═══════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 ┆ null      │
+    #   # │ 2020-04-01 00:00:00 ┆ 31        │
+    #   # │ 2020-05-01 00:00:00 ┆ 30        │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴───────────┘
+    def total_days
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_days)
+    end
+    alias_method :days, :total_days
+
+    # Extract the hours from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 4), "1d"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.hours.alias("hours_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ hours_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---        │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ i64        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ null       │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 24         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 24         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 ┆ 24         │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴────────────┘
+    def total_hours
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_hours)
+    end
+    alias_method :hours, :total_hours
+
+    # Extract the minutes from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 4), "1d"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.minutes.alias("minutes_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (4, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ minutes_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ i64          │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ null         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 ┆ 1440         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 ┆ 1440         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 ┆ 1440         │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def total_minutes
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_minutes)
+    end
+    alias_method :minutes, :total_minutes
+
+    # Extract the seconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 4, 0), "1m"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.seconds.alias("seconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (5, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬──────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                ┆ seconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---          │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ i64          │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪══════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ null         │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:01:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:02:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:03:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:04:00 ┆ 60           │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴──────────────┘
+    def total_seconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_seconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :seconds, :total_seconds
+
+    # Extract the milliseconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), "1ms"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.milliseconds.alias("milliseconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (1_001, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬───────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ milliseconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---               │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]            ┆ i64               │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪═══════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00     ┆ null              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.001 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.002 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.003 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.004 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ …                       ┆ …                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.996 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.997 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.998 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.999 ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01     ┆ 1                 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴───────────────────┘
+    def total_milliseconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_milliseconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :milliseconds, :total_milliseconds
+
+    # Extract the microseconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), "1ms"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.microseconds.alias("microseconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (1_001, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬───────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ microseconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---               │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]            ┆ i64               │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪═══════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00     ┆ null              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.001 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.002 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.003 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.004 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ …                       ┆ …                 │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.996 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.997 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.998 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.999 ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01     ┆ 1000              │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴───────────────────┘
+    def total_microseconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_microseconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :microseconds, :total_microseconds
+
+    # Extract the nanoseconds from a Duration type.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "date" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1), "1ms"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("date"),
+    #       Polars.col("date").diff.dt.nanoseconds.alias("nanoseconds_diff")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (1_001, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────────┬──────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date                    ┆ nanoseconds_diff │
+    #   # │ ---                     ┆ ---              │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]            ┆ i64              │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════════╪══════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00     ┆ null             │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.001 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.002 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.003 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.004 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ …                       ┆ …                │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.996 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.997 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.998 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00.999 ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01     ┆ 1000000          │
+    #   # └─────────────────────────┴──────────────────┘
+    def total_nanoseconds
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_total_nanoseconds)
+    end
+    alias_method :nanoseconds, :total_nanoseconds
+
+    # Offset this date by a relative time offset.
+    #
+    # This differs from `Polars.col("foo") + timedelta` in that it can
+    # take months and leap years into account. Note that only a single minus
+    # sign is allowed in the `by` string, as the first character.
+    #
+    # @param by [String]
+    #   The offset is dictated by the following string language:
+    #
+    #     - 1ns   (1 nanosecond)
+    #     - 1us   (1 microsecond)
+    #     - 1ms   (1 millisecond)
+    #     - 1s    (1 second)
+    #     - 1m    (1 minute)
+    #     - 1h    (1 hour)
+    #     - 1d    (1 day)
+    #     - 1w    (1 week)
+    #     - 1mo   (1 calendar month)
+    #     - 1y    (1 calendar year)
+    #     - 1i    (1 index count)
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "dates" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 1, 1), DateTime.new(2005, 1, 1), "1y"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(
+    #     [
+    #       Polars.col("dates").dt.offset_by("1y").alias("date_plus_1y"),
+    #       Polars.col("dates").dt.offset_by("-1y2mo").alias("date_min")
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (6, 2)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ date_plus_1y        ┆ date_min            │
+    #   # │ ---                 ┆ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        ┆ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2001-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 1998-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2002-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 1999-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2003-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2000-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2004-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2001-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2005-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2002-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2006-01-01 00:00:00 ┆ 2003-11-01 00:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
+    def offset_by(by)
+      by = Utils.parse_as_expression(by, str_as_lit: true)
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_offset_by(by))
+    end
+
+    # Roll backward to the first day of the month.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "dates" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 1, 15, 2),
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 12, 15, 2),
+    #         "1mo"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("dates").dt.month_start)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (12, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2000-01-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-02-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-03-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-04-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-05-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ …                   │
+    #   # │ 2000-08-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-09-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-10-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-11-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-12-01 02:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    def month_start
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_month_start)
+    end
+
+    # Roll forward to the last day of the month.
+    #
+    # @return [Expr]
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   df = Polars::DataFrame.new(
+    #     {
+    #       "dates" => Polars.date_range(
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 1, 15, 2),
+    #         DateTime.new(2000, 12, 15, 2),
+    #         "1mo"
+    #       )
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #   df.select(Polars.col("dates").dt.month_end)
+    #   # =>
+    #   # shape: (12, 1)
+    #   # ┌─────────────────────┐
+    #   # │ dates               │
+    #   # │ ---                 │
+    #   # │ datetime[μs]        │
+    #   # ╞═════════════════════╡
+    #   # │ 2000-01-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-02-29 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-03-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-04-30 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-05-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ …                   │
+    #   # │ 2000-08-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-09-30 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-10-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-11-30 02:00:00 │
+    #   # │ 2000-12-31 02:00:00 │
+    #   # └─────────────────────┘
+    def month_end
+      Utils.wrap_expr(_rbexpr.dt_month_end)
+    end
+  end
+end