phonelib 0.3.6 → 0.4.0

data/data/libphonenumber/java/libphonenumber/test/com/google/i18n/phonenumbers/PhoneNumberUtilTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,2570 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Libphonenumber Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.i18n.phonenumbers;
+
+import com.google.i18n.phonenumbers.PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberFormat;
+import com.google.i18n.phonenumbers.Phonemetadata.NumberFormat;
+import com.google.i18n.phonenumbers.Phonemetadata.PhoneMetadata;
+import com.google.i18n.phonenumbers.Phonemetadata.PhoneNumberDesc;
+import com.google.i18n.phonenumbers.Phonenumber.PhoneNumber;
+import com.google.i18n.phonenumbers.Phonenumber.PhoneNumber.CountryCodeSource;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for PhoneNumberUtil.java
+ *
+ * Note that these tests use the test metadata, not the normal metadata file, so should not be used
+ * for regression test purposes - these tests are illustrative only and test functionality.
+ *
+ * @author Shaopeng Jia
+ */
+public class PhoneNumberUtilTest extends TestMetadataTestCase {
+  // Set up some test numbers to re-use.
+  // TODO: Rewrite this as static functions that return new numbers each time to avoid
+  // any risk of accidental changes to mutable static state affecting many tests.
+  private static final PhoneNumber ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(80074935247L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber AE_UAN =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(971).setNationalNumber(600123456L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber AR_MOBILE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(91187654321L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber AR_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(1187654321);
+  private static final PhoneNumber AU_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(236618300L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber BS_MOBILE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(2423570000L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber BS_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(2423651234L);
+  // Note that this is the same as the example number for DE in the metadata.
+  private static final PhoneNumber DE_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(30123456L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber DE_SHORT_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(1234L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber GB_MOBILE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(7912345678L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber GB_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(2070313000L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber IT_MOBILE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(345678901L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber IT_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(236618300L).
+      setItalianLeadingZero(true);
+  private static final PhoneNumber JP_STAR_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(81).setNationalNumber(2345);
+  // Numbers to test the formatting rules from Mexico.
+  private static final PhoneNumber MX_MOBILE1 =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(52).setNationalNumber(12345678900L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber MX_MOBILE2 =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(52).setNationalNumber(15512345678L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber MX_NUMBER1 =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(52).setNationalNumber(3312345678L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber MX_NUMBER2 =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(52).setNationalNumber(8211234567L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber NZ_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(33316005L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber SG_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(65).setNationalNumber(65218000L);
+  // A too-long and hence invalid US number.
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_LONG_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(65025300001L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(6502530000L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_PREMIUM =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(9002530000L);
+  // Too short, but still possible US numbers.
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_LOCAL_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(2530000L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_SHORT_BY_ONE_NUMBER =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(650253000L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_TOLLFREE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(8002530000L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_SPOOF =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(0L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber US_SPOOF_WITH_RAW_INPUT =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(0L)
+          .setRawInput("000-000-0000");
+  private static final PhoneNumber INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(800).setNationalNumber(12345678L);
+  // We set this to be the same length as numbers for the other non-geographical country prefix that
+  // we have in our test metadata. However, this is not considered valid because they differ in
+  // their country calling code.
+  private static final PhoneNumber INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE_TOO_LONG =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(800).setNationalNumber(123456789L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber UNIVERSAL_PREMIUM_RATE =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(979).setNationalNumber(123456789L);
+  private static final PhoneNumber UNKNOWN_COUNTRY_CODE_NO_RAW_INPUT =
+      new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(2).setNationalNumber(12345L);
+
+  public void testGetSupportedRegions() {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.getSupportedRegions().size() > 0);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetSupportedGlobalNetworkCallingCodes() {
+    Set<Integer> globalNetworkCallingCodes =
+        phoneUtil.getSupportedGlobalNetworkCallingCodes();
+    assertTrue(globalNetworkCallingCodes.size() > 0);
+    for (int callingCode : globalNetworkCallingCodes) {
+      assertTrue(callingCode > 0);
+      assertEquals(RegionCode.UN001, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForCountryCode(callingCode));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetInstanceLoadBadMetadata() {
+    assertNull(phoneUtil.getMetadataForRegion("No Such Region"));
+    assertNull(phoneUtil.getMetadataForNonGeographicalRegion(-1));
+  }
+
+  public void testMissingMetadataFileThrowsRuntimeException() {
+    // In normal usage we should never get a state where we are asking to load metadata that doesn't
+    // exist. However if the library is packaged incorrectly in the jar, this could happen and the
+    // best we can do is make sure the exception has the file name in it.
+    try {
+      phoneUtil.loadMetadataFromFile(
+          "no/such/file", "XX", -1, PhoneNumberUtil.DEFAULT_METADATA_LOADER);
+      fail("expected exception");
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      assertTrue("Unexpected error: " + e, e.toString().contains("no/such/file_XX"));
+    }
+    try {
+      phoneUtil.loadMetadataFromFile("no/such/file", PhoneNumberUtil.REGION_CODE_FOR_NON_GEO_ENTITY,
+          123, PhoneNumberUtil.DEFAULT_METADATA_LOADER);
+      fail("expected exception");
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      assertTrue("Unexpected error: " + e, e.getMessage().contains("no/such/file_123"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetInstanceLoadUSMetadata() {
+    PhoneMetadata metadata = phoneUtil.getMetadataForRegion(RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("US", metadata.getId());
+    assertEquals(1, metadata.getCountryCode());
+    assertEquals("011", metadata.getInternationalPrefix());
+    assertTrue(metadata.hasNationalPrefix());
+    assertEquals(2, metadata.numberFormatSize());
+    assertEquals("(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})",
+                 metadata.getNumberFormat(1).getPattern());
+    assertEquals("$1 $2 $3", metadata.getNumberFormat(1).getFormat());
+    assertEquals("[13-689]\\d{9}|2[0-35-9]\\d{8}",
+                 metadata.getGeneralDesc().getNationalNumberPattern());
+    assertEquals("\\d{7}(?:\\d{3})?", metadata.getGeneralDesc().getPossibleNumberPattern());
+    assertTrue(metadata.getGeneralDesc().exactlySameAs(metadata.getFixedLine()));
+    assertEquals("\\d{10}", metadata.getTollFree().getPossibleNumberPattern());
+    assertEquals("900\\d{7}", metadata.getPremiumRate().getNationalNumberPattern());
+    // No shared-cost data is available, so it should be initialised to "NA".
+    assertEquals("NA", metadata.getSharedCost().getNationalNumberPattern());
+    assertEquals("NA", metadata.getSharedCost().getPossibleNumberPattern());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetInstanceLoadDEMetadata() {
+    PhoneMetadata metadata = phoneUtil.getMetadataForRegion(RegionCode.DE);
+    assertEquals("DE", metadata.getId());
+    assertEquals(49, metadata.getCountryCode());
+    assertEquals("00", metadata.getInternationalPrefix());
+    assertEquals("0", metadata.getNationalPrefix());
+    assertEquals(6, metadata.numberFormatSize());
+    assertEquals(1, metadata.getNumberFormat(5).leadingDigitsPatternSize());
+    assertEquals("900", metadata.getNumberFormat(5).getLeadingDigitsPattern(0));
+    assertEquals("(\\d{3})(\\d{3,4})(\\d{4})",
+                 metadata.getNumberFormat(5).getPattern());
+    assertEquals("$1 $2 $3", metadata.getNumberFormat(5).getFormat());
+    assertEquals("(?:[24-6]\\d{2}|3[03-9]\\d|[789](?:[1-9]\\d|0[2-9]))\\d{1,8}",
+                 metadata.getFixedLine().getNationalNumberPattern());
+    assertEquals("\\d{2,14}", metadata.getFixedLine().getPossibleNumberPattern());
+    assertEquals("30123456", metadata.getFixedLine().getExampleNumber());
+    assertEquals("\\d{10}", metadata.getTollFree().getPossibleNumberPattern());
+    assertEquals("900([135]\\d{6}|9\\d{7})", metadata.getPremiumRate().getNationalNumberPattern());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetInstanceLoadARMetadata() {
+    PhoneMetadata metadata = phoneUtil.getMetadataForRegion(RegionCode.AR);
+    assertEquals("AR", metadata.getId());
+    assertEquals(54, metadata.getCountryCode());
+    assertEquals("00", metadata.getInternationalPrefix());
+    assertEquals("0", metadata.getNationalPrefix());
+    assertEquals("0(?:(11|343|3715)15)?", metadata.getNationalPrefixForParsing());
+    assertEquals("9$1", metadata.getNationalPrefixTransformRule());
+    assertEquals("$2 15 $3-$4", metadata.getNumberFormat(2).getFormat());
+    assertEquals("(9)(\\d{4})(\\d{2})(\\d{4})",
+                 metadata.getNumberFormat(3).getPattern());
+    assertEquals("(9)(\\d{4})(\\d{2})(\\d{4})",
+                 metadata.getIntlNumberFormat(3).getPattern());
+    assertEquals("$1 $2 $3 $4", metadata.getIntlNumberFormat(3).getFormat());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetInstanceLoadInternationalTollFreeMetadata() {
+    PhoneMetadata metadata = phoneUtil.getMetadataForNonGeographicalRegion(800);
+    assertEquals("001", metadata.getId());
+    assertEquals(800, metadata.getCountryCode());
+    assertEquals("$1 $2", metadata.getNumberFormat(0).getFormat());
+    assertEquals("(\\d{4})(\\d{4})", metadata.getNumberFormat(0).getPattern());
+    assertEquals("12345678", metadata.getGeneralDesc().getExampleNumber());
+    assertEquals("12345678", metadata.getTollFree().getExampleNumber());
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNumberGeographical() {
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isNumberGeographical(BS_MOBILE));  // Bahamas, mobile phone number.
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isNumberGeographical(AU_NUMBER));  // Australian fixed line number.
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isNumberGeographical(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));  // International toll
+                                                                           // free number.
+  }
+
+  public void testIsLeadingZeroPossible() {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isLeadingZeroPossible(39));  // Italy
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isLeadingZeroPossible(1));  // USA
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isLeadingZeroPossible(800));  // International toll free
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isLeadingZeroPossible(979));  // International premium-rate
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isLeadingZeroPossible(888));  // Not in metadata file, just default to
+                                                        // false.
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode() {
+    // Google MTV, which has area code "650".
+    assertEquals(3, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(US_NUMBER));
+
+    // A North America toll-free number, which has no area code.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(US_TOLLFREE));
+
+    // Google London, which has area code "20".
+    assertEquals(2, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(GB_NUMBER));
+
+    // A UK mobile phone, which has no area code.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(GB_MOBILE));
+
+    // Google Buenos Aires, which has area code "11".
+    assertEquals(2, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(AR_NUMBER));
+
+    // Google Sydney, which has area code "2".
+    assertEquals(1, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(AU_NUMBER));
+
+    // Italian numbers - there is no national prefix, but it still has an area code.
+    assertEquals(2, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(IT_NUMBER));
+
+    // Google Singapore. Singapore has no area code and no national prefix.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(SG_NUMBER));
+
+    // An invalid US number (1 digit shorter), which has no area code.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(US_SHORT_BY_ONE_NUMBER));
+
+    // An international toll free number, which has no area code.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode() {
+    // Google MTV, which has national destination code (NDC) "650".
+    assertEquals(3, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(US_NUMBER));
+
+    // A North America toll-free number, which has NDC "800".
+    assertEquals(3, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(US_TOLLFREE));
+
+    // Google London, which has NDC "20".
+    assertEquals(2, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(GB_NUMBER));
+
+    // A UK mobile phone, which has NDC "7912".
+    assertEquals(4, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(GB_MOBILE));
+
+    // Google Buenos Aires, which has NDC "11".
+    assertEquals(2, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(AR_NUMBER));
+
+    // An Argentinian mobile which has NDC "911".
+    assertEquals(3, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(AR_MOBILE));
+
+    // Google Sydney, which has NDC "2".
+    assertEquals(1, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(AU_NUMBER));
+
+    // Google Singapore, which has NDC "6521".
+    assertEquals(4, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(SG_NUMBER));
+
+    // An invalid US number (1 digit shorter), which has no NDC.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(US_SHORT_BY_ONE_NUMBER));
+
+    // A number containing an invalid country calling code, which shouldn't have any NDC.
+    PhoneNumber number = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(123).setNationalNumber(6502530000L);
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+    // An international toll free number, which has NDC "1234".
+    assertEquals(4, phoneUtil.getLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetCountryMobileToken() {
+    assertEquals("1", PhoneNumberUtil.getCountryMobileToken(phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(
+        RegionCode.MX)));
+
+    // Country calling code for Sweden, which has no mobile token.
+    assertEquals("", PhoneNumberUtil.getCountryMobileToken(phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(
+        RegionCode.SE)));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNationalSignificantNumber() {
+    assertEquals("6502530000", phoneUtil.getNationalSignificantNumber(US_NUMBER));
+
+    // An Italian mobile number.
+    assertEquals("345678901", phoneUtil.getNationalSignificantNumber(IT_MOBILE));
+
+    // An Italian fixed line number.
+    assertEquals("0236618300", phoneUtil.getNationalSignificantNumber(IT_NUMBER));
+
+    assertEquals("12345678", phoneUtil.getNationalSignificantNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetExampleNumber() {
+    assertEquals(DE_NUMBER, phoneUtil.getExampleNumber(RegionCode.DE));
+
+    assertEquals(DE_NUMBER,
+                 phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForType(RegionCode.DE,
+                                                   PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE));
+    assertEquals(null,
+                 phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForType(RegionCode.DE,
+                                                   PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE));
+    // For the US, the example number is placed under general description, and hence should be used
+    // for both fixed line and mobile, so neither of these should return null.
+    assertNotNull(phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForType(RegionCode.US,
+                                                    PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE));
+    assertNotNull(phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForType(RegionCode.US,
+                                                    PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE));
+    // CS is an invalid region, so we have no data for it.
+    assertNull(phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForType(RegionCode.CS,
+                                                 PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE));
+    // RegionCode 001 is reserved for supporting non-geographical country calling code. We don't
+    // support getting an example number for it with this method.
+    assertEquals(null, phoneUtil.getExampleNumber(RegionCode.UN001));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetExampleNumberForNonGeoEntity() {
+    assertEquals(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForNonGeoEntity(800));
+    assertEquals(UNIVERSAL_PREMIUM_RATE, phoneUtil.getExampleNumberForNonGeoEntity(979));
+  }
+
+  public void testConvertAlphaCharactersInNumber() {
+    String input = "1800-ABC-DEF";
+    // Alpha chars are converted to digits; everything else is left untouched.
+    String expectedOutput = "1800-222-333";
+    assertEquals(expectedOutput, PhoneNumberUtil.convertAlphaCharactersInNumber(input));
+  }
+
+  public void testNormaliseRemovePunctuation() {
+    String inputNumber = "034-56&+#2\u00AD34";
+    String expectedOutput = "03456234";
+    assertEquals("Conversion did not correctly remove punctuation",
+                 expectedOutput,
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.normalize(inputNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testNormaliseReplaceAlphaCharacters() {
+    String inputNumber = "034-I-am-HUNGRY";
+    String expectedOutput = "034426486479";
+    assertEquals("Conversion did not correctly replace alpha characters",
+                 expectedOutput,
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.normalize(inputNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testNormaliseOtherDigits() {
+    String inputNumber = "\uFF125\u0665";
+    String expectedOutput = "255";
+    assertEquals("Conversion did not correctly replace non-latin digits",
+                 expectedOutput,
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.normalize(inputNumber));
+    // Eastern-Arabic digits.
+    inputNumber = "\u06F52\u06F0";
+    expectedOutput = "520";
+    assertEquals("Conversion did not correctly replace non-latin digits",
+                 expectedOutput,
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.normalize(inputNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testNormaliseStripAlphaCharacters() {
+    String inputNumber = "034-56&+a#234";
+    String expectedOutput = "03456234";
+    assertEquals("Conversion did not correctly remove alpha character",
+                 expectedOutput,
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.normalizeDigitsOnly(inputNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testNormaliseStripNonDiallableCharacters() {
+    String inputNumber = "03*4-56&+a#234";
+    String expectedOutput = "03*456+234";
+    assertEquals("Conversion did not correctly remove non-diallable characters",
+                 expectedOutput,
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.normalizeDiallableCharsOnly(inputNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatUSNumber() {
+    assertEquals("650 253 0000", phoneUtil.format(US_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+1 650 253 0000", phoneUtil.format(US_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+
+    assertEquals("800 253 0000", phoneUtil.format(US_TOLLFREE, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+1 800 253 0000", phoneUtil.format(US_TOLLFREE, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+
+    assertEquals("900 253 0000", phoneUtil.format(US_PREMIUM, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+1 900 253 0000", phoneUtil.format(US_PREMIUM, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("tel:+1-900-253-0000", phoneUtil.format(US_PREMIUM, PhoneNumberFormat.RFC3966));
+    // Numbers with all zeros in the national number part will be formatted by using the raw_input
+    // if that is available no matter which format is specified.
+    assertEquals("000-000-0000",
+                 phoneUtil.format(US_SPOOF_WITH_RAW_INPUT, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("0", phoneUtil.format(US_SPOOF, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatBSNumber() {
+    assertEquals("242 365 1234", phoneUtil.format(BS_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+1 242 365 1234", phoneUtil.format(BS_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatGBNumber() {
+    assertEquals("(020) 7031 3000", phoneUtil.format(GB_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+44 20 7031 3000", phoneUtil.format(GB_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+
+    assertEquals("(07912) 345 678", phoneUtil.format(GB_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+44 7912 345 678", phoneUtil.format(GB_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatDENumber() {
+    PhoneNumber deNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    deNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(301234L);
+    assertEquals("030/1234", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+49 30/1234", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("tel:+49-30-1234", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.RFC3966));
+
+    deNumber.clear();
+    deNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(291123L);
+    assertEquals("0291 123", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+49 291 123", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+
+    deNumber.clear();
+    deNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(29112345678L);
+    assertEquals("0291 12345678", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+49 291 12345678", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+
+    deNumber.clear();
+    deNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(912312345L);
+    assertEquals("09123 12345", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+49 9123 12345", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    deNumber.clear();
+    deNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(80212345L);
+    assertEquals("08021 2345", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+49 8021 2345", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    // Note this number is correctly formatted without national prefix. Most of the numbers that
+    // are treated as invalid numbers by the library are short numbers, and they are usually not
+    // dialed with national prefix.
+    assertEquals("1234", phoneUtil.format(DE_SHORT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+49 1234", phoneUtil.format(DE_SHORT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+
+    deNumber.clear();
+    deNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(41341234);
+    assertEquals("04134 1234", phoneUtil.format(deNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatITNumber() {
+    assertEquals("02 3661 8300", phoneUtil.format(IT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+39 02 3661 8300", phoneUtil.format(IT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+390236618300", phoneUtil.format(IT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+
+    assertEquals("345 678 901", phoneUtil.format(IT_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+39 345 678 901", phoneUtil.format(IT_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+39345678901", phoneUtil.format(IT_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatAUNumber() {
+    assertEquals("02 3661 8300", phoneUtil.format(AU_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+61 2 3661 8300", phoneUtil.format(AU_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+61236618300", phoneUtil.format(AU_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+
+    PhoneNumber auNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(1800123456L);
+    assertEquals("1800 123 456", phoneUtil.format(auNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+61 1800 123 456", phoneUtil.format(auNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+611800123456", phoneUtil.format(auNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatARNumber() {
+    assertEquals("011 8765-4321", phoneUtil.format(AR_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+54 11 8765-4321", phoneUtil.format(AR_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+541187654321", phoneUtil.format(AR_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+
+    assertEquals("011 15 8765-4321", phoneUtil.format(AR_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+54 9 11 8765 4321", phoneUtil.format(AR_MOBILE,
+                                                        PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+5491187654321", phoneUtil.format(AR_MOBILE, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatMXNumber() {
+    assertEquals("045 234 567 8900", phoneUtil.format(MX_MOBILE1, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+52 1 234 567 8900", phoneUtil.format(
+        MX_MOBILE1, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+5212345678900", phoneUtil.format(MX_MOBILE1, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+
+    assertEquals("045 55 1234 5678", phoneUtil.format(MX_MOBILE2, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+52 1 55 1234 5678", phoneUtil.format(
+        MX_MOBILE2, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+5215512345678", phoneUtil.format(MX_MOBILE2, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+
+    assertEquals("01 33 1234 5678", phoneUtil.format(MX_NUMBER1, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+52 33 1234 5678", phoneUtil.format(MX_NUMBER1, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+523312345678", phoneUtil.format(MX_NUMBER1, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+
+    assertEquals("01 821 123 4567", phoneUtil.format(MX_NUMBER2, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+52 821 123 4567", phoneUtil.format(MX_NUMBER2, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+528211234567", phoneUtil.format(MX_NUMBER2, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber() {
+    assertEquals("00 1 900 253 0000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(US_PREMIUM, RegionCode.DE));
+
+    assertEquals("1 650 253 0000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.BS));
+
+    assertEquals("00 1 650 253 0000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.PL));
+
+    assertEquals("011 44 7912 345 678",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(GB_MOBILE, RegionCode.US));
+
+    assertEquals("00 49 1234",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(DE_SHORT_NUMBER, RegionCode.GB));
+    // Note this number is correctly formatted without national prefix. Most of the numbers that
+    // are treated as invalid numbers by the library are short numbers, and they are usually not
+    // dialed with national prefix.
+    assertEquals("1234", phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(DE_SHORT_NUMBER, RegionCode.DE));
+
+    assertEquals("011 39 02 3661 8300",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(IT_NUMBER, RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals("02 3661 8300",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(IT_NUMBER, RegionCode.IT));
+    assertEquals("+39 02 3661 8300",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(IT_NUMBER, RegionCode.SG));
+
+    assertEquals("6521 8000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(SG_NUMBER, RegionCode.SG));
+
+    assertEquals("011 54 9 11 8765 4321",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(AR_MOBILE, RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals("011 800 1234 5678",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber arNumberWithExtn = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(AR_MOBILE).setExtension("1234");
+    assertEquals("011 54 9 11 8765 4321 ext. 1234",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(arNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals("0011 54 9 11 8765 4321 ext. 1234",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(arNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.AU));
+    assertEquals("011 15 8765-4321 ext. 1234",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(arNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.AR));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatOutOfCountryWithInvalidRegion() {
+    // AQ/Antarctica isn't a valid region code for phone number formatting,
+    // so this falls back to intl formatting.
+    assertEquals("+1 650 253 0000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.AQ));
+    // For region code 001, the out-of-country format always turns into the international format.
+    assertEquals("+1 650 253 0000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.UN001));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatOutOfCountryWithPreferredIntlPrefix() {
+    // This should use 0011, since that is the preferred international prefix (both 0011 and 0012
+    // are accepted as possible international prefixes in our test metadta.)
+    assertEquals("0011 39 02 3661 8300",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(IT_NUMBER, RegionCode.AU));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars() {
+    PhoneNumber alphaNumericNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    alphaNumericNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(8007493524L)
+        .setRawInput("1800 six-flag");
+    assertEquals("0011 1 800 SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    alphaNumericNumber.setRawInput("1-800-SIX-flag");
+    assertEquals("0011 1 800-SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    alphaNumericNumber.setRawInput("Call us from UK: 00 1 800 SIX-flag");
+    assertEquals("0011 1 800 SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    alphaNumericNumber.setRawInput("800 SIX-flag");
+    assertEquals("0011 1 800 SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // Formatting from within the NANPA region.
+    assertEquals("1 800 SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.US));
+
+    assertEquals("1 800 SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.BS));
+
+    // Testing that if the raw input doesn't exist, it is formatted using
+    // formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber.
+    alphaNumericNumber.clearRawInput();
+    assertEquals("00 1 800 749 3524",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.DE));
+
+    // Testing AU alpha number formatted from Australia.
+    alphaNumericNumber.setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(827493524L)
+        .setRawInput("+61 82749-FLAG");
+    // This number should have the national prefix fixed.
+    assertEquals("082749-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    alphaNumericNumber.setRawInput("082749-FLAG");
+    assertEquals("082749-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    alphaNumericNumber.setNationalNumber(18007493524L).setRawInput("1-800-SIX-flag");
+    // This number should not have the national prefix prefixed, in accordance with the override for
+    // this specific formatting rule.
+    assertEquals("1-800-SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // The metadata should not be permanently changed, since we copied it before modifying patterns.
+    // Here we check this.
+    alphaNumericNumber.setNationalNumber(1800749352L);
+    assertEquals("1800 749 352",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // Testing a region with multiple international prefixes.
+    assertEquals("+61 1-800-SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.SG));
+    // Testing the case of calling from a non-supported region.
+    assertEquals("+61 1-800-SIX-FLAG",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AQ));
+
+    // Testing the case with an invalid country calling code.
+    alphaNumericNumber.setCountryCode(0).setNationalNumber(18007493524L)
+        .setRawInput("1-800-SIX-flag");
+    // Uses the raw input only.
+    assertEquals("1-800-SIX-flag",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.DE));
+
+    // Testing the case of an invalid alpha number.
+    alphaNumericNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(80749L).setRawInput("180-SIX");
+    // No country-code stripping can be done.
+    assertEquals("00 1 180-SIX",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.DE));
+
+    // Testing the case of calling from a non-supported region.
+    alphaNumericNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(80749L).setRawInput("180-SIX");
+    // No country-code stripping can be done since the number is invalid.
+    assertEquals("+1 180-SIX",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alphaNumericNumber, RegionCode.AQ));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatWithCarrierCode() {
+    // We only support this for AR in our test metadata, and only for mobile numbers starting with
+    // certain values.
+    PhoneNumber arMobile = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(92234654321L);
+    assertEquals("02234 65-4321", phoneUtil.format(arMobile, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    // Here we force 14 as the carrier code.
+    assertEquals("02234 14 65-4321",
+                 phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(arMobile, "14"));
+    // Here we force the number to be shown with no carrier code.
+    assertEquals("02234 65-4321",
+                 phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(arMobile, ""));
+    // Here the international rule is used, so no carrier code should be present.
+    assertEquals("+5492234654321", phoneUtil.format(arMobile, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+    // We don't support this for the US so there should be no change.
+    assertEquals("650 253 0000", phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(US_NUMBER, "15"));
+
+    // Invalid country code should just get the NSN.
+    assertEquals("12345",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(UNKNOWN_COUNTRY_CODE_NO_RAW_INPUT, "89"));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatWithPreferredCarrierCode() {
+    // We only support this for AR in our test metadata.
+    PhoneNumber arNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    arNumber.setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(91234125678L);
+    // Test formatting with no preferred carrier code stored in the number itself.
+    assertEquals("01234 15 12-5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(arNumber, "15"));
+    assertEquals("01234 12-5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(arNumber, ""));
+    // Test formatting with preferred carrier code present.
+    arNumber.setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("19");
+    assertEquals("01234 12-5678", phoneUtil.format(arNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("01234 19 12-5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(arNumber, "15"));
+    assertEquals("01234 19 12-5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(arNumber, ""));
+    // When the preferred_domestic_carrier_code is present (even when it contains an empty string),
+    // use it instead of the default carrier code passed in.
+    arNumber.setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("");
+    assertEquals("01234 12-5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(arNumber, "15"));
+    // We don't support this for the US so there should be no change.
+    PhoneNumber usNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    usNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(4241231234L).setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("99");
+    assertEquals("424 123 1234", phoneUtil.format(usNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("424 123 1234",
+        phoneUtil.formatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(usNumber, "15"));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatNumberForMobileDialing() {
+    // Numbers are normally dialed in national format in-country, and international format from
+    // outside the country.
+    assertEquals("030123456",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(DE_NUMBER, RegionCode.DE, false));
+    assertEquals("+4930123456",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(DE_NUMBER, RegionCode.CH, false));
+    PhoneNumber deNumberWithExtn = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(DE_NUMBER).setExtension("1234");
+    assertEquals("030123456",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(deNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.DE, false));
+    assertEquals("+4930123456",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(deNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.CH, false));
+
+    // US toll free numbers are marked as noInternationalDialling in the test metadata for testing
+    // purposes. For such numbers, we expect nothing to be returned when the region code is not the
+    // same one.
+    assertEquals("800 253 0000",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_TOLLFREE, RegionCode.US,
+                                               true /*  keep formatting */));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_TOLLFREE, RegionCode.CN, true));
+    assertEquals("+1 650 253 0000",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.US, true));
+    PhoneNumber usNumberWithExtn = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(US_NUMBER).setExtension("1234");
+    assertEquals("+1 650 253 0000",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(usNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.US, true));
+
+    assertEquals("8002530000",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_TOLLFREE, RegionCode.US,
+                                               false /* remove formatting */));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_TOLLFREE, RegionCode.CN, false));
+    assertEquals("+16502530000",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.US, false));
+    assertEquals("+16502530000",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(usNumberWithExtn, RegionCode.US, false));
+
+    // An invalid US number, which is one digit too long.
+    assertEquals("+165025300001",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_LONG_NUMBER, RegionCode.US, false));
+    assertEquals("+1 65025300001",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_LONG_NUMBER, RegionCode.US, true));
+
+    // Star numbers. In real life they appear in Israel, but we have them in JP in our test
+    // metadata.
+    assertEquals("*2345",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(JP_STAR_NUMBER, RegionCode.JP, false));
+    assertEquals("*2345",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(JP_STAR_NUMBER, RegionCode.JP, true));
+
+    assertEquals("+80012345678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.JP, false));
+    assertEquals("+800 1234 5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.JP, true));
+
+    // UAE numbers beginning with 600 (classified as UAN) need to be dialled without +971 locally.
+    assertEquals("+971600123456",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(AE_UAN, RegionCode.JP, false));
+    assertEquals("600123456",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(AE_UAN, RegionCode.AE, false));
+
+    assertEquals("+523312345678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(MX_NUMBER1, RegionCode.MX, false));
+    assertEquals("+523312345678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(MX_NUMBER1, RegionCode.US, false));
+
+    // Non-geographical numbers should always be dialed in international format.
+    assertEquals("+80012345678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.US, false));
+    assertEquals("+80012345678",
+        phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.UN001, false));
+
+    // Test that a short number is formatted correctly for mobile dialing within the region,
+    // and is not diallable from outside the region.
+    PhoneNumber deShortNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(123L);
+    assertEquals("123", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(deShortNumber, RegionCode.DE,
+        false));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(deShortNumber, RegionCode.IT, false));
+
+    // Test the special logic for Hungary, where the national prefix must be added before dialing
+    // from a mobile phone for regular length numbers, but not for short numbers.
+    PhoneNumber huRegularNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(36)
+        .setNationalNumber(301234567L);
+    assertEquals("06301234567", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(huRegularNumber,
+        RegionCode.HU, false));
+    assertEquals("+36301234567", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(huRegularNumber,
+        RegionCode.JP, false));
+    PhoneNumber huShortNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(36).setNationalNumber(104L);
+    assertEquals("104", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(huShortNumber, RegionCode.HU,
+        false));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(huShortNumber, RegionCode.JP, false));
+
+    // Test the special logic for NANPA countries, for which regular length phone numbers are always
+    // output in international format, but short numbers are in national format.
+    assertEquals("+16502530000", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_NUMBER,
+        RegionCode.US, false));
+    assertEquals("+16502530000", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_NUMBER,
+        RegionCode.CA, false));
+    assertEquals("+16502530000", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(US_NUMBER,
+        RegionCode.BR, false));
+    PhoneNumber usShortNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(911L);
+    assertEquals("911", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(usShortNumber, RegionCode.US,
+        false));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(usShortNumber, RegionCode.CA, false));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(usShortNumber, RegionCode.BR, false));
+
+    // Test that the Australian emergency number 000 is formatted correctly.
+    PhoneNumber auNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(0L)
+        .setItalianLeadingZero(true).setNumberOfLeadingZeros(2);
+    assertEquals("000", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(auNumber, RegionCode.AU, false));
+    assertEquals("", phoneUtil.formatNumberForMobileDialing(auNumber, RegionCode.NZ, false));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatByPattern() {
+    NumberFormat newNumFormat = new NumberFormat();
+    newNumFormat.setPattern("(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})");
+    newNumFormat.setFormat("($1) $2-$3");
+    List<NumberFormat> newNumberFormats = new ArrayList<NumberFormat>();
+    newNumberFormats.add(newNumFormat);
+
+    assertEquals("(650) 253-0000", phoneUtil.formatByPattern(US_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL,
+                                                             newNumberFormats));
+    assertEquals("+1 (650) 253-0000", phoneUtil.formatByPattern(US_NUMBER,
+                                                                PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL,
+                                                                newNumberFormats));
+    assertEquals("tel:+1-650-253-0000", phoneUtil.formatByPattern(US_NUMBER,
+                                                                  PhoneNumberFormat.RFC3966,
+                                                                  newNumberFormats));
+
+    // $NP is set to '1' for the US. Here we check that for other NANPA countries the US rules are
+    // followed.
+    newNumFormat.setNationalPrefixFormattingRule("$NP ($FG)");
+    newNumFormat.setFormat("$1 $2-$3");
+    assertEquals("1 (242) 365-1234",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(BS_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+    assertEquals("+1 242 365-1234",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(BS_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+
+    newNumFormat.setPattern("(\\d{2})(\\d{5})(\\d{3})");
+    newNumFormat.setFormat("$1-$2 $3");
+    newNumberFormats.set(0, newNumFormat);
+
+    assertEquals("02-36618 300",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(IT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+    assertEquals("+39 02-36618 300",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(IT_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+
+    newNumFormat.setNationalPrefixFormattingRule("$NP$FG");
+    newNumFormat.setPattern("(\\d{2})(\\d{4})(\\d{4})");
+    newNumFormat.setFormat("$1 $2 $3");
+    newNumberFormats.set(0, newNumFormat);
+    assertEquals("020 7031 3000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(GB_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+
+    newNumFormat.setNationalPrefixFormattingRule("($NP$FG)");
+    assertEquals("(020) 7031 3000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(GB_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+
+    newNumFormat.setNationalPrefixFormattingRule("");
+    assertEquals("20 7031 3000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(GB_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+
+    assertEquals("+44 20 7031 3000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatByPattern(GB_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL,
+                                           newNumberFormats));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatE164Number() {
+    assertEquals("+16502530000", phoneUtil.format(US_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+    assertEquals("+4930123456", phoneUtil.format(DE_NUMBER, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+    assertEquals("+80012345678", phoneUtil.format(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatNumberWithExtension() {
+    PhoneNumber nzNumber = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(NZ_NUMBER).setExtension("1234");
+    // Uses default extension prefix:
+    assertEquals("03-331 6005 ext. 1234", phoneUtil.format(nzNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    // Uses RFC 3966 syntax.
+    assertEquals("tel:+64-3-331-6005;ext=1234",
+        phoneUtil.format(nzNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.RFC3966));
+    // Extension prefix overridden in the territory information for the US:
+    PhoneNumber usNumberWithExtension = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(US_NUMBER).setExtension("4567");
+    assertEquals("650 253 0000 extn. 4567", phoneUtil.format(usNumberWithExtension,
+                                                             PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+  }
+
+  public void testFormatInOriginalFormat() throws Exception {
+    PhoneNumber number1 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("+442087654321", RegionCode.GB);
+    assertEquals("+44 20 8765 4321", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number1, RegionCode.GB));
+
+    PhoneNumber number2 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("02087654321", RegionCode.GB);
+    assertEquals("(020) 8765 4321", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number2, RegionCode.GB));
+
+    PhoneNumber number3 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("011442087654321", RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("011 44 20 8765 4321", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number3, RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber number4 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("442087654321", RegionCode.GB);
+    assertEquals("44 20 8765 4321", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number4, RegionCode.GB));
+
+    PhoneNumber number5 = phoneUtil.parse("+442087654321", RegionCode.GB);
+    assertEquals("(020) 8765 4321", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number5, RegionCode.GB));
+
+    // Invalid numbers that we have a formatting pattern for should be formatted properly. Note area
+    // codes starting with 7 are intentionally excluded in the test metadata for testing purposes.
+    PhoneNumber number6 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("7345678901", RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("734 567 8901", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number6, RegionCode.US));
+
+    // US is not a leading zero country, and the presence of the leading zero leads us to format the
+    // number using raw_input.
+    PhoneNumber number7 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("0734567 8901", RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("0734567 8901", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number7, RegionCode.US));
+
+    // This number is valid, but we don't have a formatting pattern for it. Fall back to the raw
+    // input.
+    PhoneNumber number8 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("02-4567-8900", RegionCode.KR);
+    assertEquals("02-4567-8900", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number8, RegionCode.KR));
+
+    PhoneNumber number9 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("01180012345678", RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("011 800 1234 5678", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number9, RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber number10 = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("+80012345678", RegionCode.KR);
+    assertEquals("+800 1234 5678", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number10, RegionCode.KR));
+
+    // US local numbers are formatted correctly, as we have formatting patterns for them.
+    PhoneNumber localNumberUS = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("2530000", RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("253 0000", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(localNumberUS, RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithNationalPrefixUS =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("18003456789", RegionCode.US);
+    assertEquals("1 800 345 6789",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithNationalPrefixUS, RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithoutNationalPrefixGB =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("2087654321", RegionCode.GB);
+    assertEquals("20 8765 4321",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithoutNationalPrefixGB, RegionCode.GB));
+    // Make sure no metadata is modified as a result of the previous function call.
+    assertEquals("(020) 8765 4321", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(number5, RegionCode.GB));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithNationalPrefixMX =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("013312345678", RegionCode.MX);
+    assertEquals("01 33 1234 5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithNationalPrefixMX, RegionCode.MX));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithoutNationalPrefixMX =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("3312345678", RegionCode.MX);
+    assertEquals("33 1234 5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithoutNationalPrefixMX, RegionCode.MX));
+
+    PhoneNumber italianFixedLineNumber =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("0212345678", RegionCode.IT);
+    assertEquals("02 1234 5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(italianFixedLineNumber, RegionCode.IT));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithNationalPrefixJP =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("00777012", RegionCode.JP);
+    assertEquals("0077-7012",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithNationalPrefixJP, RegionCode.JP));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithoutNationalPrefixJP =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("0777012", RegionCode.JP);
+    assertEquals("0777012",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithoutNationalPrefixJP, RegionCode.JP));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithCarrierCodeBR =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("012 3121286979", RegionCode.BR);
+    assertEquals("012 3121286979",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithCarrierCodeBR, RegionCode.BR));
+
+    // The default national prefix used in this case is 045. When a number with national prefix 044
+    // is entered, we return the raw input as we don't want to change the number entered.
+    PhoneNumber numberWithNationalPrefixMX1 =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("044(33)1234-5678", RegionCode.MX);
+    assertEquals("044(33)1234-5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithNationalPrefixMX1, RegionCode.MX));
+
+    PhoneNumber numberWithNationalPrefixMX2 =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("045(33)1234-5678", RegionCode.MX);
+    assertEquals("045 33 1234 5678",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithNationalPrefixMX2, RegionCode.MX));
+
+    // The default international prefix used in this case is 0011. When a number with international
+    // prefix 0012 is entered, we return the raw input as we don't want to change the number
+    // entered.
+    PhoneNumber outOfCountryNumberFromAU1 =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("0012 16502530000", RegionCode.AU);
+    assertEquals("0012 16502530000",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(outOfCountryNumberFromAU1, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    PhoneNumber outOfCountryNumberFromAU2 =
+        phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("0011 16502530000", RegionCode.AU);
+    assertEquals("0011 1 650 253 0000",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(outOfCountryNumberFromAU2, RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // Test the star sign is not removed from or added to the original input by this method.
+    PhoneNumber starNumber = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("*1234", RegionCode.JP);
+    assertEquals("*1234", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(starNumber, RegionCode.JP));
+    PhoneNumber numberWithoutStar = phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("1234", RegionCode.JP);
+    assertEquals("1234", phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(numberWithoutStar, RegionCode.JP));
+
+    // Test an invalid national number without raw input is just formatted as the national number.
+    assertEquals("650253000",
+        phoneUtil.formatInOriginalFormat(US_SHORT_BY_ONE_NUMBER, RegionCode.US));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsPremiumRate() {
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PREMIUM_RATE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(US_PREMIUM));
+
+    PhoneNumber premiumRateNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    premiumRateNumber.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(892123L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PREMIUM_RATE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(premiumRateNumber));
+
+    premiumRateNumber.clear();
+    premiumRateNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(9187654321L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PREMIUM_RATE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(premiumRateNumber));
+
+    premiumRateNumber.clear();
+    premiumRateNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(9001654321L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PREMIUM_RATE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(premiumRateNumber));
+
+    premiumRateNumber.clear();
+    premiumRateNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(90091234567L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PREMIUM_RATE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(premiumRateNumber));
+
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PREMIUM_RATE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(UNIVERSAL_PREMIUM_RATE));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsTollFree() {
+    PhoneNumber tollFreeNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+
+    tollFreeNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(8881234567L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.TOLL_FREE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(tollFreeNumber));
+
+    tollFreeNumber.clear();
+    tollFreeNumber.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(803123L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.TOLL_FREE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(tollFreeNumber));
+
+    tollFreeNumber.clear();
+    tollFreeNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(8012345678L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.TOLL_FREE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(tollFreeNumber));
+
+    tollFreeNumber.clear();
+    tollFreeNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(8001234567L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.TOLL_FREE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(tollFreeNumber));
+
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.TOLL_FREE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsMobile() {
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(BS_MOBILE));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(GB_MOBILE));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(IT_MOBILE));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(AR_MOBILE));
+
+    PhoneNumber mobileNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    mobileNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(15123456789L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.MOBILE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(mobileNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsFixedLine() {
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(BS_NUMBER));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(IT_NUMBER));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(GB_NUMBER));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE, phoneUtil.getNumberType(DE_NUMBER));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsFixedLineAndMobile() {
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE_OR_MOBILE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(US_NUMBER));
+
+    PhoneNumber fixedLineAndMobileNumber = new PhoneNumber().
+        setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(1987654321L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.FIXED_LINE_OR_MOBILE,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(fixedLineAndMobileNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsSharedCost() {
+    PhoneNumber gbNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    gbNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(8431231234L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.SHARED_COST, phoneUtil.getNumberType(gbNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsVoip() {
+    PhoneNumber gbNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    gbNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(5631231234L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.VOIP, phoneUtil.getNumberType(gbNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsPersonalNumber() {
+    PhoneNumber gbNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    gbNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(7031231234L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.PERSONAL_NUMBER,
+                 phoneUtil.getNumberType(gbNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsUnknown() {
+    // Invalid numbers should be of type UNKNOWN.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.UNKNOWN, phoneUtil.getNumberType(US_LOCAL_NUMBER));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsValidNumber() {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(US_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(IT_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(GB_MOBILE));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(UNIVERSAL_PREMIUM_RATE));
+
+    PhoneNumber nzNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(21387835L);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(nzNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsValidForRegion() {
+    // This number is valid for the Bahamas, but is not a valid US number.
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(BS_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(BS_NUMBER, RegionCode.BS));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(BS_NUMBER, RegionCode.US));
+    PhoneNumber bsInvalidNumber =
+        new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(2421232345L);
+    // This number is no longer valid.
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(bsInvalidNumber));
+
+    // La Mayotte and Reunion use 'leadingDigits' to differentiate them.
+    PhoneNumber reNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    reNumber.setCountryCode(262).setNationalNumber(262123456L);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(reNumber));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.RE));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.YT));
+    // Now change the number to be a number for La Mayotte.
+    reNumber.setNationalNumber(269601234L);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.YT));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.RE));
+    // This number is no longer valid for La Reunion.
+    reNumber.setNationalNumber(269123456L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.YT));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.RE));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(reNumber));
+    // However, it should be recognised as from La Mayotte, since it is valid for this region.
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.YT, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForNumber(reNumber));
+    // This number is valid in both places.
+    reNumber.setNationalNumber(800123456L);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.YT));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(reNumber, RegionCode.RE));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.UN001));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.US));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, RegionCode.ZZ));
+
+    PhoneNumber invalidNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    // Invalid country calling codes.
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(3923).setNationalNumber(2366L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(invalidNumber, RegionCode.ZZ));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(invalidNumber, RegionCode.UN001));
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(0);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(invalidNumber, RegionCode.UN001));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumberForRegion(invalidNumber, RegionCode.ZZ));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNotValidNumber() {
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(US_LOCAL_NUMBER));
+
+    PhoneNumber invalidNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(23661830000L).setItalianLeadingZero(true);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(invalidNumber));
+
+    invalidNumber.clear();
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(791234567L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(invalidNumber));
+
+    invalidNumber.clear();
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(49).setNationalNumber(1234L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(invalidNumber));
+
+    invalidNumber.clear();
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(3316005L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(invalidNumber));
+
+    invalidNumber.clear();
+    // Invalid country calling codes.
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(3923).setNationalNumber(2366L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(invalidNumber));
+    invalidNumber.setCountryCode(0);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(invalidNumber));
+
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE_TOO_LONG));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRegionCodeForCountryCode() {
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.US, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForCountryCode(1));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.GB, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForCountryCode(44));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.DE, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForCountryCode(49));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.UN001, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForCountryCode(800));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.UN001, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForCountryCode(979));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRegionCodeForNumber() {
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.BS, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForNumber(BS_NUMBER));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.US, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForNumber(US_NUMBER));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.GB, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForNumber(GB_MOBILE));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.UN001, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+    assertEquals(RegionCode.UN001, phoneUtil.getRegionCodeForNumber(UNIVERSAL_PREMIUM_RATE));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRegionCodesForCountryCode() {
+    List<String> regionCodesForNANPA = phoneUtil.getRegionCodesForCountryCode(1);
+    assertTrue(regionCodesForNANPA.contains(RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(regionCodesForNANPA.contains(RegionCode.BS));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.getRegionCodesForCountryCode(44).contains(RegionCode.GB));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.getRegionCodesForCountryCode(49).contains(RegionCode.DE));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.getRegionCodesForCountryCode(800).contains(RegionCode.UN001));
+    // Test with invalid country calling code.
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.getRegionCodesForCountryCode(-1).isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetCountryCodeForRegion() {
+    assertEquals(1, phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(64, phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(null));
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode.ZZ));
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode.UN001));
+    // CS is already deprecated so the library doesn't support it.
+    assertEquals(0, phoneUtil.getCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode.CS));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNationalDiallingPrefixForRegion() {
+    assertEquals("1", phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.US, false));
+    // Test non-main country to see it gets the national dialling prefix for the main country with
+    // that country calling code.
+    assertEquals("1", phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.BS, false));
+    assertEquals("0", phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.NZ, false));
+    // Test case with non digit in the national prefix.
+    assertEquals("0~0", phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.AO, false));
+    assertEquals("00", phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.AO, true));
+    // Test cases with invalid regions.
+    assertEquals(null, phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(null, false));
+    assertEquals(null, phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.ZZ, false));
+    assertEquals(null, phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.UN001, false));
+    // CS is already deprecated so the library doesn't support it.
+    assertEquals(null, phoneUtil.getNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode.CS, false));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNANPACountry() {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isNANPACountry(RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isNANPACountry(RegionCode.BS));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isNANPACountry(RegionCode.DE));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isNANPACountry(RegionCode.ZZ));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isNANPACountry(RegionCode.UN001));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isNANPACountry(null));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsPossibleNumber() {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(US_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(US_LOCAL_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(GB_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+1 650 253 0000", RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+1 650 GOO OGLE", RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000", RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("253-0000", RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+1 650 253 0000", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+44 20 7031 3000", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("(020) 7031 3000", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("7031 3000", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("3331 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+800 1234 5678", RegionCode.UN001));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsPossibleNumberWithReason() {
+    // National numbers for country calling code +1 that are within 7 to 10 digits are possible.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.IS_POSSIBLE,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(US_NUMBER));
+
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.IS_POSSIBLE,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(US_LOCAL_NUMBER));
+
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.TOO_LONG,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(US_LONG_NUMBER));
+
+    PhoneNumber number = new PhoneNumber();
+    number.setCountryCode(0).setNationalNumber(2530000L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+    number.clear();
+    number.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(253000L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.TOO_SHORT,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+    number.clear();
+    number.setCountryCode(65).setNationalNumber(1234567890L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.IS_POSSIBLE,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.ValidationResult.TOO_LONG,
+                 phoneUtil.isPossibleNumberWithReason(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE_TOO_LONG));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNotPossibleNumber() {
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(US_LONG_NUMBER));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE_TOO_LONG));
+
+    PhoneNumber number = new PhoneNumber();
+    number.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(253000L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(number));
+
+    number.clear();
+    number.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(300L);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber(number));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+1 650 253 00000", RegionCode.US));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("(650) 253-00000", RegionCode.US));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("I want a Pizza", RegionCode.US));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("253-000", RegionCode.US));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("1 3000", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+44 300", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isPossibleNumber("+800 1234 5678 9", RegionCode.UN001));
+  }
+
+  public void testTruncateTooLongNumber() {
+    // GB number 080 1234 5678, but entered with 4 extra digits at the end.
+    PhoneNumber tooLongNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    tooLongNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(80123456780123L);
+    PhoneNumber validNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    validNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(8012345678L);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(tooLongNumber));
+    assertEquals(validNumber, tooLongNumber);
+
+    // IT number 022 3456 7890, but entered with 3 extra digits at the end.
+    tooLongNumber.clear();
+    tooLongNumber.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(2234567890123L).setItalianLeadingZero(true);
+    validNumber.clear();
+    validNumber.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(2234567890L).setItalianLeadingZero(true);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(tooLongNumber));
+    assertEquals(validNumber, tooLongNumber);
+
+    // US number 650-253-0000, but entered with one additional digit at the end.
+    tooLongNumber.clear();
+    tooLongNumber.mergeFrom(US_LONG_NUMBER);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(tooLongNumber));
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, tooLongNumber);
+
+    tooLongNumber.clear();
+    tooLongNumber.mergeFrom(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE_TOO_LONG);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(tooLongNumber));
+    assertEquals(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, tooLongNumber);
+
+    // Tests what happens when a valid number is passed in.
+    PhoneNumber validNumberCopy = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(validNumber);
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(validNumber));
+    // Tests the number is not modified.
+    assertEquals(validNumberCopy, validNumber);
+
+    // Tests what happens when a number with invalid prefix is passed in.
+    PhoneNumber numberWithInvalidPrefix = new PhoneNumber();
+    // The test metadata says US numbers cannot have prefix 240.
+    numberWithInvalidPrefix.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(2401234567L);
+    PhoneNumber invalidNumberCopy = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(numberWithInvalidPrefix);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(numberWithInvalidPrefix));
+    // Tests the number is not modified.
+    assertEquals(invalidNumberCopy, numberWithInvalidPrefix);
+
+    // Tests what happens when a too short number is passed in.
+    PhoneNumber tooShortNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(1234L);
+    PhoneNumber tooShortNumberCopy = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(tooShortNumber);
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.truncateTooLongNumber(tooShortNumber));
+    // Tests the number is not modified.
+    assertEquals(tooShortNumberCopy, tooShortNumber);
+  }
+
+  public void testIsViablePhoneNumber() {
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("1"));
+    // Only one or two digits before strange non-possible punctuation.
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("1+1+1"));
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("80+0"));
+    // Two digits is viable.
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("00"));
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("111"));
+    // Alpha numbers.
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("0800-4-pizza"));
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("0800-4-PIZZA"));
+    // We need at least three digits before any alpha characters.
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("08-PIZZA"));
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("8-PIZZA"));
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("12. March"));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsViablePhoneNumberNonAscii() {
+    // Only one or two digits before possible punctuation followed by more digits.
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("1\u300034"));
+    assertFalse(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("1\u30003+4"));
+    // Unicode variants of possible starting character and other allowed punctuation/digits.
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("\uFF081\uFF09\u30003456789"));
+    // Testing a leading + is okay.
+    assertTrue(PhoneNumberUtil.isViablePhoneNumber("+1\uFF09\u30003456789"));
+  }
+
+  public void testExtractPossibleNumber() {
+    // Removes preceding funky punctuation and letters but leaves the rest untouched.
+    assertEquals("0800-345-600", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("Tel:0800-345-600"));
+    assertEquals("0800 FOR PIZZA", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("Tel:0800 FOR PIZZA"));
+    // Should not remove plus sign
+    assertEquals("+800-345-600", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("Tel:+800-345-600"));
+    // Should recognise wide digits as possible start values.
+    assertEquals("\uFF10\uFF12\uFF13",
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("\uFF10\uFF12\uFF13"));
+    // Dashes are not possible start values and should be removed.
+    assertEquals("\uFF11\uFF12\uFF13",
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("Num-\uFF11\uFF12\uFF13"));
+    // If not possible number present, return empty string.
+    assertEquals("", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("Num-...."));
+    // Leading brackets are stripped - these are not used when parsing.
+    assertEquals("650) 253-0000", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000"));
+
+    // Trailing non-alpha-numeric characters should be removed.
+    assertEquals("650) 253-0000", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000..- .."));
+    assertEquals("650) 253-0000", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000."));
+    // This case has a trailing RTL char.
+    assertEquals("650) 253-0000", PhoneNumberUtil.extractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000\u200F"));
+  }
+
+  public void testMaybeStripNationalPrefix() {
+    PhoneMetadata metadata = new PhoneMetadata();
+    metadata.setNationalPrefixForParsing("34");
+    metadata.setGeneralDesc(new PhoneNumberDesc().setNationalNumberPattern("\\d{4,8}"));
+    StringBuilder numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("34356778");
+    String strippedNumber = "356778";
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.maybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(numberToStrip, metadata, null));
+    assertEquals("Should have had national prefix stripped.",
+                 strippedNumber, numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Retry stripping - now the number should not start with the national prefix, so no more
+    // stripping should occur.
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.maybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(numberToStrip, metadata, null));
+    assertEquals("Should have had no change - no national prefix present.",
+                 strippedNumber, numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Some countries have no national prefix. Repeat test with none specified.
+    metadata.setNationalPrefixForParsing("");
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.maybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(numberToStrip, metadata, null));
+    assertEquals("Should not strip anything with empty national prefix.",
+                 strippedNumber, numberToStrip.toString());
+    // If the resultant number doesn't match the national rule, it shouldn't be stripped.
+    metadata.setNationalPrefixForParsing("3");
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("3123");
+    strippedNumber = "3123";
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.maybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(numberToStrip, metadata, null));
+    assertEquals("Should have had no change - after stripping, it wouldn't have matched " +
+                 "the national rule.",
+                 strippedNumber, numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Test extracting carrier selection code.
+    metadata.setNationalPrefixForParsing("0(81)?");
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("08122123456");
+    strippedNumber = "22123456";
+    StringBuilder carrierCode = new StringBuilder();
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.maybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(
+        numberToStrip, metadata, carrierCode));
+    assertEquals("81", carrierCode.toString());
+    assertEquals("Should have had national prefix and carrier code stripped.",
+                 strippedNumber, numberToStrip.toString());
+    // If there was a transform rule, check it was applied.
+    metadata.setNationalPrefixTransformRule("5$15");
+    // Note that a capturing group is present here.
+    metadata.setNationalPrefixForParsing("0(\\d{2})");
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("031123");
+    String transformedNumber = "5315123";
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.maybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(numberToStrip, metadata, null));
+    assertEquals("Should transform the 031 to a 5315.",
+                 transformedNumber, numberToStrip.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMaybeStripInternationalPrefix() {
+    String internationalPrefix = "00[39]";
+    StringBuilder numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("0034567700-3898003");
+    // Note the dash is removed as part of the normalization.
+    StringBuilder strippedNumber = new StringBuilder("45677003898003");
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+    assertEquals("The number supplied was not stripped of its international prefix.",
+                 strippedNumber.toString(), numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Now the number no longer starts with an IDD prefix, so it should now report
+    // FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY.
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("00945677003898003");
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+    assertEquals("The number supplied was not stripped of its international prefix.",
+                 strippedNumber.toString(), numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Test it works when the international prefix is broken up by spaces.
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("00 9 45677003898003");
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+    assertEquals("The number supplied was not stripped of its international prefix.",
+                 strippedNumber.toString(), numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Now the number no longer starts with an IDD prefix, so it should now report
+    // FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY.
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+
+    // Test the + symbol is also recognised and stripped.
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("+45677003898003");
+    strippedNumber = new StringBuilder("45677003898003");
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+    assertEquals("The number supplied was not stripped of the plus symbol.",
+                 strippedNumber.toString(), numberToStrip.toString());
+
+    // If the number afterwards is a zero, we should not strip this - no country calling code begins
+    // with 0.
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("0090112-3123");
+    strippedNumber = new StringBuilder("00901123123");
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+    assertEquals("The number supplied had a 0 after the match so shouldn't be stripped.",
+                 strippedNumber.toString(), numberToStrip.toString());
+    // Here the 0 is separated by a space from the IDD.
+    numberToStrip = new StringBuilder("009 0-112-3123");
+    assertEquals(CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+                 phoneUtil.maybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(numberToStrip,
+                                                                     internationalPrefix));
+  }
+
+  public void testMaybeExtractCountryCode() {
+    PhoneNumber number = new PhoneNumber();
+    PhoneMetadata metadata = phoneUtil.getMetadataForRegion(RegionCode.US);
+    // Note that for the US, the IDD is 011.
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "011112-3456789";
+      String strippedNumber = "123456789";
+      int countryCallingCode = 1;
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Did not extract country calling code " + countryCallingCode + " correctly.",
+                   countryCallingCode,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true,
+                                                     number));
+      assertEquals("Did not figure out CountryCodeSource correctly",
+                   CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD, number.getCountryCodeSource());
+      // Should strip and normalize national significant number.
+      assertEquals("Did not strip off the country calling code correctly.",
+                   strippedNumber,
+                   numberToFill.toString());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "+6423456789";
+      int countryCallingCode = 64;
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Did not extract country calling code " + countryCallingCode + " correctly.",
+                   countryCallingCode,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true,
+                                                     number));
+      assertEquals("Did not figure out CountryCodeSource correctly",
+                   CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN, number.getCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "+80012345678";
+      int countryCallingCode = 800;
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Did not extract country calling code " + countryCallingCode + " correctly.",
+                   countryCallingCode,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true,
+                                                     number));
+      assertEquals("Did not figure out CountryCodeSource correctly",
+                   CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN, number.getCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "2345-6789";
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals(
+          "Should not have extracted a country calling code - no international prefix present.",
+          0,
+          phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true, number));
+      assertEquals("Did not figure out CountryCodeSource correctly",
+                   CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY, number.getCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "0119991123456789";
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true, number);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception, no valid country calling code present.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "(1 610) 619 4466";
+      int countryCallingCode = 1;
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Should have extracted the country calling code of the region passed in",
+                   countryCallingCode,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true,
+                                                     number));
+      assertEquals("Did not figure out CountryCodeSource correctly",
+                   CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITHOUT_PLUS_SIGN,
+                   number.getCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "(1 610) 619 4466";
+      int countryCallingCode = 1;
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Should have extracted the country calling code of the region passed in",
+                   countryCallingCode,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, false,
+                                                     number));
+      assertFalse("Should not contain CountryCodeSource.", number.hasCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "(1 610) 619 446";
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Should not have extracted a country calling code - invalid number after " +
+                   "extraction of uncertain country calling code.",
+                   0,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, false,
+                                                     number));
+      assertFalse("Should not contain CountryCodeSource.", number.hasCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+    number.clear();
+    try {
+      String phoneNumber = "(1 610) 619";
+      StringBuilder numberToFill = new StringBuilder();
+      assertEquals("Should not have extracted a country calling code - too short number both " +
+                   "before and after extraction of uncertain country calling code.",
+                   0,
+                   phoneUtil.maybeExtractCountryCode(phoneNumber, metadata, numberToFill, true,
+                                                     number));
+      assertEquals("Did not figure out CountryCodeSource correctly",
+                   CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY, number.getCountryCodeSource());
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      fail("Should not have thrown an exception: " + e.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNationalNumber() throws Exception {
+    // National prefix attached.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("033316005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("33316005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // National prefix attached and some formatting present.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("03-331 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("03 331 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Test parsing RFC3966 format with a phone context.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:331-6005;phone-context=+64-3", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:331-6005;phone-context=+64-3", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse(
+        "My number is tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Test parsing RFC3966 format with optional user-defined parameters. The parameters will appear
+    // after the context if present.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64;a=%A1",
+        RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Test parsing RFC3966 with an ISDN subaddress.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:03-331-6005;isub=12345;phone-context=+64",
+        RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:+64-3-331-6005;isub=12345", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Test parsing RFC3966 with "tel:" missing.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("03-331-6005;phone-context=+64", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Testing international prefixes.
+    // Should strip country calling code.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0064 3 331 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Try again, but this time we have an international number with Region Code US. It should
+    // recognise the country calling code and parse accordingly.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("01164 3 331 6005", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+64 3 331 6005", RegionCode.US));
+    // We should ignore the leading plus here, since it is not followed by a valid country code but
+    // instead is followed by the IDD for the US.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+01164 3 331 6005", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+0064 3 331 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+ 00 64 3 331 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+
+    assertEquals(US_LOCAL_NUMBER,
+        phoneUtil.parse("tel:253-0000;phone-context=www.google.com", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(US_LOCAL_NUMBER,
+        phoneUtil.parse("tel:253-0000;isub=12345;phone-context=www.google.com", RegionCode.US));
+    // This is invalid because no "+" sign is present as part of phone-context. The phone context
+    // is simply ignored in this case just as if it contains a domain.
+    assertEquals(US_LOCAL_NUMBER,
+        phoneUtil.parse("tel:2530000;isub=12345;phone-context=1-650", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(US_LOCAL_NUMBER,
+        phoneUtil.parse("tel:2530000;isub=12345;phone-context=1234.com", RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber nzNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    nzNumber.setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(64123456L);
+    assertEquals(nzNumber, phoneUtil.parse("64(0)64123456", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Check that using a "/" is fine in a phone number.
+    assertEquals(DE_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("301/23456", RegionCode.DE));
+
+    PhoneNumber usNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    // Check it doesn't use the '1' as a country calling code when parsing if the phone number was
+    // already possible.
+    usNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(1234567890L);
+    assertEquals(usNumber, phoneUtil.parse("123-456-7890", RegionCode.US));
+
+    // Test star numbers. Although this is not strictly valid, we would like to make sure we can
+    // parse the output we produce when formatting the number.
+    assertEquals(JP_STAR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+81 *2345", RegionCode.JP));
+
+    PhoneNumber shortNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    shortNumber.setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(12L);
+    assertEquals(shortNumber, phoneUtil.parse("12", RegionCode.NZ));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNumberWithAlphaCharacters() throws Exception {
+    // Test case with alpha characters.
+    PhoneNumber tollfreeNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    tollfreeNumber.setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(800332005L);
+    assertEquals(tollfreeNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0800 DDA 005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    PhoneNumber premiumNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    premiumNumber.setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(9003326005L);
+    assertEquals(premiumNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0900 DDA 6005", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Not enough alpha characters for them to be considered intentional, so they are stripped.
+    assertEquals(premiumNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0900 332 6005a", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(premiumNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0900 332 600a5", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(premiumNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0900 332 600A5", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(premiumNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0900 a332 600A5", RegionCode.NZ));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMaliciousInput() throws Exception {
+    // Lots of leading + signs before the possible number.
+    StringBuilder maliciousNumber = new StringBuilder(6000);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6000; i++) {
+      maliciousNumber.append('+');
+    }
+    maliciousNumber.append("12222-33-244 extensioB 343+");
+    try {
+      phoneUtil.parse(maliciousNumber.toString(), RegionCode.US);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + maliciousNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_LONG,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    StringBuilder maliciousNumberWithAlmostExt = new StringBuilder(6000);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 350; i++) {
+      maliciousNumberWithAlmostExt.append("200");
+    }
+    maliciousNumberWithAlmostExt.append(" extensiOB 345");
+    try {
+      phoneUtil.parse(maliciousNumberWithAlmostExt.toString(), RegionCode.US);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + maliciousNumberWithAlmostExt);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_LONG,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseWithInternationalPrefixes() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+1 (650) 253-0000", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, phoneUtil.parse("011 800 1234 5678", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("1-650-253-0000", RegionCode.US));
+    // Calling the US number from Singapore by using different service providers
+    // 1st test: calling using SingTel IDD service (IDD is 001)
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0011-650-253-0000", RegionCode.SG));
+    // 2nd test: calling using StarHub IDD service (IDD is 008)
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0081-650-253-0000", RegionCode.SG));
+    // 3rd test: calling using SingTel V019 service (IDD is 019)
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0191-650-253-0000", RegionCode.SG));
+    // Calling the US number from Poland
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0~01-650-253-0000", RegionCode.PL));
+    // Using "++" at the start.
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("++1 (650) 253-0000", RegionCode.PL));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNonAscii() throws Exception {
+    // Using a full-width plus sign.
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("\uFF0B1 (650) 253-0000", RegionCode.SG));
+    // Using a soft hyphen U+00AD.
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("1 (650) 253\u00AD-0000", RegionCode.US));
+    // The whole number, including punctuation, is here represented in full-width form.
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("\uFF0B\uFF11\u3000\uFF08\uFF16\uFF15\uFF10\uFF09" +
+                                            "\u3000\uFF12\uFF15\uFF13\uFF0D\uFF10\uFF10\uFF10" +
+                                            "\uFF10",
+                                            RegionCode.SG));
+    // Using U+30FC dash instead.
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("\uFF0B\uFF11\u3000\uFF08\uFF16\uFF15\uFF10\uFF09" +
+                                            "\u3000\uFF12\uFF15\uFF13\u30FC\uFF10\uFF10\uFF10" +
+                                            "\uFF10",
+                                            RegionCode.SG));
+
+    // Using a very strange decimal digit range (Mongolian digits).
+    assertEquals(US_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("\u1811 \u1816\u1815\u1810 " +
+                                            "\u1812\u1815\u1813 \u1810\u1810\u1810\u1810",
+                                            RegionCode.US));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseWithLeadingZero() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(IT_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+39 02-36618 300", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(IT_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("02-36618 300", RegionCode.IT));
+
+    assertEquals(IT_MOBILE, phoneUtil.parse("345 678 901", RegionCode.IT));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNationalNumberArgentina() throws Exception {
+    // Test parsing mobile numbers of Argentina.
+    PhoneNumber arNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    arNumber.setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(93435551212L);
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+54 9 343 555 1212", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0343 15 555 1212", RegionCode.AR));
+
+    arNumber.clear();
+    arNumber.setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(93715654320L);
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+54 9 3715 65 4320", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("03715 15 65 4320", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(AR_MOBILE, phoneUtil.parse("911 876 54321", RegionCode.AR));
+
+    // Test parsing fixed-line numbers of Argentina.
+    assertEquals(AR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+54 11 8765 4321", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(AR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("011 8765 4321", RegionCode.AR));
+
+    arNumber.clear();
+    arNumber.setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(3715654321L);
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+54 3715 65 4321", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("03715 65 4321", RegionCode.AR));
+
+    arNumber.clear();
+    arNumber.setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(2312340000L);
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+54 23 1234 0000", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(arNumber, phoneUtil.parse("023 1234 0000", RegionCode.AR));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseWithXInNumber() throws Exception {
+    // Test that having an 'x' in the phone number at the start is ok and that it just gets removed.
+    assertEquals(AR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("01187654321", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(AR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("(0) 1187654321", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(AR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0 1187654321", RegionCode.AR));
+    assertEquals(AR_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("(0xx) 1187654321", RegionCode.AR));
+    PhoneNumber arFromUs = new PhoneNumber();
+    arFromUs.setCountryCode(54).setNationalNumber(81429712L);
+    // This test is intentionally constructed such that the number of digit after xx is larger than
+    // 7, so that the number won't be mistakenly treated as an extension, as we allow extensions up
+    // to 7 digits. This assumption is okay for now as all the countries where a carrier selection
+    // code is written in the form of xx have a national significant number of length larger than 7.
+    assertEquals(arFromUs, phoneUtil.parse("011xx5481429712", RegionCode.US));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNumbersMexico() throws Exception {
+    // Test parsing fixed-line numbers of Mexico.
+    PhoneNumber mxNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    mxNumber.setCountryCode(52).setNationalNumber(4499780001L);
+    assertEquals(mxNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+52 (449)978-0001", RegionCode.MX));
+    assertEquals(mxNumber, phoneUtil.parse("01 (449)978-0001", RegionCode.MX));
+    assertEquals(mxNumber, phoneUtil.parse("(449)978-0001", RegionCode.MX));
+
+    // Test parsing mobile numbers of Mexico.
+    mxNumber.clear();
+    mxNumber.setCountryCode(52).setNationalNumber(13312345678L);
+    assertEquals(mxNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+52 1 33 1234-5678", RegionCode.MX));
+    assertEquals(mxNumber, phoneUtil.parse("044 (33) 1234-5678", RegionCode.MX));
+    assertEquals(mxNumber, phoneUtil.parse("045 33 1234-5678", RegionCode.MX));
+  }
+
+  public void testFailedParseOnInvalidNumbers() {
+    try {
+      String sentencePhoneNumber = "This is not a phone number";
+      phoneUtil.parse(sentencePhoneNumber, RegionCode.NZ);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + sentencePhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String sentencePhoneNumber = "1 Still not a number";
+      phoneUtil.parse(sentencePhoneNumber, RegionCode.NZ);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + sentencePhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String sentencePhoneNumber = "1 MICROSOFT";
+      phoneUtil.parse(sentencePhoneNumber, RegionCode.NZ);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + sentencePhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String sentencePhoneNumber = "12 MICROSOFT";
+      phoneUtil.parse(sentencePhoneNumber, RegionCode.NZ);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + sentencePhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String tooLongPhoneNumber = "01495 72553301873 810104";
+      phoneUtil.parse(tooLongPhoneNumber, RegionCode.GB);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + tooLongPhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_LONG,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String plusMinusPhoneNumber = "+---";
+      phoneUtil.parse(plusMinusPhoneNumber, RegionCode.DE);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + plusMinusPhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String plusStar = "+***";
+      phoneUtil.parse(plusStar, RegionCode.DE);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + plusStar);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String plusStarPhoneNumber = "+*******91";
+      phoneUtil.parse(plusStarPhoneNumber, RegionCode.DE);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + plusStarPhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String tooShortPhoneNumber = "+49 0";
+      phoneUtil.parse(tooShortPhoneNumber, RegionCode.DE);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception " + tooShortPhoneNumber);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_SHORT_NSN,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String invalidCountryCode = "+210 3456 56789";
+      phoneUtil.parse(invalidCountryCode, RegionCode.NZ);
+      fail("This is not a recognised region code: should fail: " + invalidCountryCode);
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String plusAndIddAndInvalidCountryCode = "+ 00 210 3 331 6005";
+      phoneUtil.parse(plusAndIddAndInvalidCountryCode, RegionCode.NZ);
+      fail("This should not parse without throwing an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception. 00 is a correct IDD, but 210 is not a valid country code.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "123 456 7890";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, RegionCode.ZZ);
+      fail("'Unknown' region code not allowed: should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "123 456 7890";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, RegionCode.CS);
+      fail("Deprecated region code not allowed: should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "123 456 7890";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, null);
+      fail("Null region code not allowed: should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "0044------";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, RegionCode.GB);
+      fail("No number provided, only region code: should fail");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "0044";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, RegionCode.GB);
+      fail("No number provided, only region code: should fail");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "011";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, RegionCode.US);
+      fail("Only IDD provided - should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String someNumber = "0119";
+      phoneUtil.parse(someNumber, RegionCode.US);
+      fail("Only IDD provided and then 9 - should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String emptyNumber = "";
+      // Invalid region.
+      phoneUtil.parse(emptyNumber, RegionCode.ZZ);
+      fail("Empty string - should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      String nullNumber = null;
+      // Invalid region.
+      phoneUtil.parse(nullNumber, RegionCode.ZZ);
+      fail("Null string - should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      fail("Null string - but should not throw a null pointer exception.");
+    }
+    try {
+      String nullNumber = null;
+      phoneUtil.parse(nullNumber, RegionCode.US);
+      fail("Null string - should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      fail("Null string - but should not throw a null pointer exception.");
+    }
+    try {
+      String domainRfcPhoneContext = "tel:555-1234;phone-context=www.google.com";
+      phoneUtil.parse(domainRfcPhoneContext, RegionCode.ZZ);
+      fail("'Unknown' region code not allowed: should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+    try {
+      // This is invalid because no "+" sign is present as part of phone-context. This should not
+      // succeed in being parsed.
+      String invalidRfcPhoneContext = "tel:555-1234;phone-context=1-331";
+      phoneUtil.parse(invalidRfcPhoneContext, RegionCode.ZZ);
+      fail("'Unknown' region code not allowed: should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNumbersWithPlusWithNoRegion() throws Exception {
+    // RegionCode.ZZ is allowed only if the number starts with a '+' - then the country calling code
+    // can be calculated.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+64 3 331 6005", RegionCode.ZZ));
+    // Test with full-width plus.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("\uFF0B64 3 331 6005", RegionCode.ZZ));
+    // Test with normal plus but leading characters that need to be stripped.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("Tel: +64 3 331 6005", RegionCode.ZZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("+64 3 331 6005", null));
+    assertEquals(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE, phoneUtil.parse("+800 1234 5678", null));
+    assertEquals(UNIVERSAL_PREMIUM_RATE, phoneUtil.parse("+979 123 456 789", null));
+
+    // Test parsing RFC3966 format with a phone context.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64", RegionCode.ZZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("  tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64", RegionCode.ZZ));
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("tel:03-331-6005;isub=12345;phone-context=+64",
+        RegionCode.ZZ));
+
+    // It is important that we set the carrier code to an empty string, since we used
+    // ParseAndKeepRawInput and no carrier code was found.
+    PhoneNumber nzNumberWithRawInput = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(NZ_NUMBER).
+        setRawInput("+64 3 331 6005").
+        setCountryCodeSource(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN).
+        setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("");
+    assertEquals(nzNumberWithRawInput, phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("+64 3 331 6005",
+                                                                      RegionCode.ZZ));
+    // Null is also allowed for the region code in these cases.
+    assertEquals(nzNumberWithRawInput, phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("+64 3 331 6005", null));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNumberTooShortIfNationalPrefixStripped() throws Exception {
+    // Test that a number whose first digits happen to coincide with the national prefix does not
+    // get them stripped if doing so would result in a number too short to be a possible (regular
+    // length) phone number for that region.
+    PhoneNumber byNumber = new PhoneNumber().setCountryCode(375).setNationalNumber(8123L);
+    assertEquals(byNumber, phoneUtil.parse("8123", RegionCode.BY));
+    byNumber.setNationalNumber(81234L);
+    assertEquals(byNumber, phoneUtil.parse("81234", RegionCode.BY));
+
+    // The prefix doesn't get stripped, since the input is a viable 6-digit number, whereas the
+    // result of stripping is only 5 digits.
+    byNumber.setNationalNumber(812345L);
+    assertEquals(byNumber, phoneUtil.parse("812345", RegionCode.BY));
+
+    // The prefix gets stripped, since only 6-digit numbers are possible.
+    byNumber.setNationalNumber(123456L);
+    assertEquals(byNumber, phoneUtil.parse("8123456", RegionCode.BY));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    PhoneNumber nzNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    nzNumber.setCountryCode(64).setNationalNumber(33316005L).setExtension("3456");
+    assertEquals(nzNumber, phoneUtil.parse("03 331 6005 ext 3456", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(nzNumber, phoneUtil.parse("03-3316005x3456", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(nzNumber, phoneUtil.parse("03-3316005 int.3456", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(nzNumber, phoneUtil.parse("03 3316005 #3456", RegionCode.NZ));
+    // Test the following do not extract extensions:
+    assertEquals(ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("1800 six-flags", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("1800 SIX FLAGS", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("0~0 1800 7493 5247", RegionCode.PL));
+    assertEquals(ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER, phoneUtil.parse("(1800) 7493.5247", RegionCode.US));
+    // Check that the last instance of an extension token is matched.
+    PhoneNumber extnNumber = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER).setExtension("1234");
+    assertEquals(extnNumber, phoneUtil.parse("0~0 1800 7493 5247 ~1234", RegionCode.PL));
+    // Verifying bug-fix where the last digit of a number was previously omitted if it was a 0 when
+    // extracting the extension. Also verifying a few different cases of extensions.
+    PhoneNumber ukNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    ukNumber.setCountryCode(44).setNationalNumber(2034567890L).setExtension("456");
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890x456", RegionCode.NZ));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890x456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890 x456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890 X456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890 X 456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890 X  456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890 x 456  ", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44 2034567890  X 456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+44-2034567890;ext=456", RegionCode.GB));
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("tel:2034567890;ext=456;phone-context=+44",
+                                           RegionCode.ZZ));
+    // Full-width extension, "extn" only.
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+442034567890\uFF45\uFF58\uFF54\uFF4E456",
+                                           RegionCode.GB));
+    // "xtn" only.
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+442034567890\uFF58\uFF54\uFF4E456",
+                                           RegionCode.GB));
+    // "xt" only.
+    assertEquals(ukNumber, phoneUtil.parse("+442034567890\uFF58\uFF54456",
+                                           RegionCode.GB));
+
+    PhoneNumber usWithExtension = new PhoneNumber();
+    usWithExtension.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(8009013355L).setExtension("7246433");
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension, phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 x 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension, phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 , ext 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension,
+                 phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 ,extension 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension,
+                 phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 ,extensi\u00F3n 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+    // Repeat with the small letter o with acute accent created by combining characters.
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension,
+                 phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 ,extensio\u0301n 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension, phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 , 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension, phoneUtil.parse("(800) 901-3355 ext: 7246433", RegionCode.US));
+
+    // Test that if a number has two extensions specified, we ignore the second.
+    PhoneNumber usWithTwoExtensionsNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    usWithTwoExtensionsNumber.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(2121231234L).setExtension("508");
+    assertEquals(usWithTwoExtensionsNumber, phoneUtil.parse("(212)123-1234 x508/x1234",
+                                                            RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithTwoExtensionsNumber, phoneUtil.parse("(212)123-1234 x508/ x1234",
+                                                            RegionCode.US));
+    assertEquals(usWithTwoExtensionsNumber, phoneUtil.parse("(212)123-1234 x508\\x1234",
+                                                            RegionCode.US));
+
+    // Test parsing numbers in the form (645) 123-1234-910# works, where the last 3 digits before
+    // the # are an extension.
+    usWithExtension.clear();
+    usWithExtension.setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(6451231234L).setExtension("910");
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension, phoneUtil.parse("+1 (645) 123 1234-910#", RegionCode.US));
+    // Retry with the same number in a slightly different format.
+    assertEquals(usWithExtension, phoneUtil.parse("+1 (645) 123 1234 ext. 910#", RegionCode.US));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAndKeepRaw() throws Exception {
+    PhoneNumber alphaNumericNumber = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(ALPHA_NUMERIC_NUMBER).
+        setRawInput("800 six-flags").
+        setCountryCodeSource(CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY).
+        setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("");
+    assertEquals(alphaNumericNumber,
+                 phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("800 six-flags", RegionCode.US));
+
+    PhoneNumber shorterAlphaNumber = new PhoneNumber().
+        setCountryCode(1).setNationalNumber(8007493524L).
+        setRawInput("1800 six-flag").
+        setCountryCodeSource(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITHOUT_PLUS_SIGN).
+        setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("");
+    assertEquals(shorterAlphaNumber,
+                 phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("1800 six-flag", RegionCode.US));
+
+    shorterAlphaNumber.setRawInput("+1800 six-flag").
+        setCountryCodeSource(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN);
+    assertEquals(shorterAlphaNumber,
+                 phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("+1800 six-flag", RegionCode.NZ));
+
+    shorterAlphaNumber.setRawInput("001800 six-flag").
+        setCountryCodeSource(CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD);
+    assertEquals(shorterAlphaNumber,
+                 phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("001800 six-flag", RegionCode.NZ));
+
+    // Invalid region code supplied.
+    try {
+      phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("123 456 7890", RegionCode.CS);
+      fail("Deprecated region code not allowed: should fail.");
+    } catch (NumberParseException e) {
+      // Expected this exception.
+      assertEquals("Wrong error type stored in exception.",
+                   NumberParseException.ErrorType.INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+                   e.getErrorType());
+    }
+
+    PhoneNumber koreanNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    koreanNumber.setCountryCode(82).setNationalNumber(22123456).setRawInput("08122123456").
+        setCountryCodeSource(CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY).
+        setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("81");
+    assertEquals(koreanNumber, phoneUtil.parseAndKeepRawInput("08122123456", RegionCode.KR));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseItalianLeadingZeros() throws Exception {
+    // Test the number "011".
+    PhoneNumber oneZero = new PhoneNumber();
+    oneZero.setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(11L).setItalianLeadingZero(true);
+    assertEquals(oneZero, phoneUtil.parse("011", RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // Test the number "001".
+    PhoneNumber twoZeros = new PhoneNumber();
+    twoZeros.setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(1).setItalianLeadingZero(true)
+        .setNumberOfLeadingZeros(2);
+    assertEquals(twoZeros, phoneUtil.parse("001", RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // Test the number "000". This number has 2 leading zeros.
+    PhoneNumber stillTwoZeros = new PhoneNumber();
+    stillTwoZeros.setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(0L).setItalianLeadingZero(true)
+        .setNumberOfLeadingZeros(2);
+    assertEquals(stillTwoZeros, phoneUtil.parse("000", RegionCode.AU));
+
+    // Test the number "0000". This number has 3 leading zeros.
+    PhoneNumber threeZeros = new PhoneNumber();
+    threeZeros.setCountryCode(61).setNationalNumber(0L).setItalianLeadingZero(true)
+        .setNumberOfLeadingZeros(3);
+    assertEquals(threeZeros, phoneUtil.parse("0000", RegionCode.AU));
+  }
+
+  public void testCountryWithNoNumberDesc() {
+    // Andorra is a country where we don't have PhoneNumberDesc info in the metadata.
+    PhoneNumber adNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    adNumber.setCountryCode(376).setNationalNumber(12345L);
+    assertEquals("+376 12345", phoneUtil.format(adNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.INTERNATIONAL));
+    assertEquals("+37612345", phoneUtil.format(adNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+    assertEquals("12345", phoneUtil.format(adNumber, PhoneNumberFormat.NATIONAL));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.PhoneNumberType.UNKNOWN, phoneUtil.getNumberType(adNumber));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(adNumber));
+
+    // Test dialing a US number from within Andorra.
+    assertEquals("00 1 650 253 0000",
+                 phoneUtil.formatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(US_NUMBER, RegionCode.AD));
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownCountryCallingCode() {
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isValidNumber(UNKNOWN_COUNTRY_CODE_NO_RAW_INPUT));
+    // It's not very well defined as to what the E164 representation for a number with an invalid
+    // country calling code is, but just prefixing the country code and national number is about
+    // the best we can do.
+    assertEquals("+212345",
+        phoneUtil.format(UNKNOWN_COUNTRY_CODE_NO_RAW_INPUT, PhoneNumberFormat.E164));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNumberMatchMatches() throws Exception {
+    // Test simple matches where formatting is different, or leading zeros, or country calling code
+    // has been specified.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331 6005", "+64 03 331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+800 1234 5678", "+80012345678"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 03 331-6005", "+64 03331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+643 331-6005", "+64033316005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+643 331-6005", "+6433316005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "+6433316005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "tel:+64-3-331-6005;isub=123"));
+    // Test alpha numbers.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+1800 siX-Flags", "+1 800 7493 5247"));
+    // Test numbers with extensions.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005 extn 1234", "+6433316005#1234"));
+    // Test proto buffers.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(NZ_NUMBER, "+6403 331 6005"));
+
+    PhoneNumber nzNumber = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(NZ_NUMBER).setExtension("3456");
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(nzNumber, "+643 331 6005 ext 3456"));
+    // Check empty extensions are ignored.
+    nzNumber.setExtension("");
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(nzNumber, "+6403 331 6005"));
+    // Check variant with two proto buffers.
+    assertEquals("Number " + nzNumber.toString() + " did not match " + NZ_NUMBER.toString(),
+                 PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(nzNumber, NZ_NUMBER));
+
+    // Check raw_input, country_code_source and preferred_domestic_carrier_code are ignored.
+    PhoneNumber brNumberOne = new PhoneNumber();
+    PhoneNumber brNumberTwo = new PhoneNumber();
+    brNumberOne.setCountryCode(55).setNationalNumber(3121286979L)
+        .setCountryCodeSource(PhoneNumber.CountryCodeSource.FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN)
+        .setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("12").setRawInput("012 3121286979");
+    brNumberTwo.setCountryCode(55).setNationalNumber(3121286979L)
+        .setCountryCodeSource(PhoneNumber.CountryCodeSource.FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY)
+        .setPreferredDomesticCarrierCode("14").setRawInput("143121286979");
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.EXACT_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(brNumberOne, brNumberTwo));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNumberMatchNonMatches() throws Exception {
+    // Non-matches.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("03 331 6005", "03 331 6006"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+800 1234 5678", "+1 800 1234 5678"));
+    // Different country calling code, partial number match.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "+16433316005"));
+    // Different country calling code, same number.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "+6133316005"));
+    // Extension different, all else the same.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005 extn 1234", "0116433316005#1235"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(
+                     "+64 3 331-6005 extn 1234", "tel:+64-3-331-6005;ext=1235"));
+    // NSN matches, but extension is different - not the same number.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NO_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005 ext.1235", "3 331 6005#1234"));
+
+    // Invalid numbers that can't be parsed.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("4", "3 331 6043"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+43", "+64 3 331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+43", "64 3 331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NOT_A_NUMBER,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("Dog", "64 3 331 6005"));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNumberMatchNsnMatches() throws Exception {
+    // NSN matches.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "03 331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(
+                     "+64 3 331-6005", "tel:03-331-6005;isub=1234;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(NZ_NUMBER, "03 331 6005"));
+    // Here the second number possibly starts with the country calling code for New Zealand,
+    // although we are unsure.
+    PhoneNumber unchangedNzNumber = new PhoneNumber().mergeFrom(NZ_NUMBER);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(unchangedNzNumber, "(64-3) 331 6005"));
+    // Check the phone number proto was not edited during the method call.
+    assertEquals(NZ_NUMBER, unchangedNzNumber);
+
+    // Here, the 1 might be a national prefix, if we compare it to the US number, so the resultant
+    // match is an NSN match.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(US_NUMBER, "1-650-253-0000"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(US_NUMBER, "6502530000"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+1 650-253 0000", "1 650 253 0000"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("1 650-253 0000", "1 650 253 0000"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("1 650-253 0000", "+1 650 253 0000"));
+    // For this case, the match will be a short NSN match, because we cannot assume that the 1 might
+    // be a national prefix, so don't remove it when parsing.
+    PhoneNumber randomNumber = new PhoneNumber();
+    randomNumber.setCountryCode(41).setNationalNumber(6502530000L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(randomNumber, "1-650-253-0000"));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsNumberMatchShortNsnMatches() throws Exception {
+    // Short NSN matches with the country not specified for either one or both numbers.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "tel:331-6005;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005",
+                     "tel:331-6005;isub=1234;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005",
+                     "tel:331-6005;isub=1234;phone-context=abc.nz;a=%A1"));
+    // We did not know that the "0" was a national prefix since neither number has a country code,
+    // so this is considered a SHORT_NSN_MATCH.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("3 331-6005", "03 331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("3 331-6005", "331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("3 331-6005", "tel:331-6005;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("3 331-6005", "+64 331 6005"));
+    // Short NSN match with the country specified.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("03 331-6005", "331 6005"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("1 234 345 6789", "345 6789"));
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+1 (234) 345 6789", "345 6789"));
+    // NSN matches, country calling code omitted for one number, extension missing for one.
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch("+64 3 331-6005", "3 331 6005#1234"));
+    // One has Italian leading zero, one does not.
+    PhoneNumber italianNumberOne = new PhoneNumber();
+    italianNumberOne.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(1234L).setItalianLeadingZero(true);
+    PhoneNumber italianNumberTwo = new PhoneNumber();
+    italianNumberTwo.setCountryCode(39).setNationalNumber(1234L);
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(italianNumberOne, italianNumberTwo));
+    // One has an extension, the other has an extension of "".
+    italianNumberOne.setExtension("1234").clearItalianLeadingZero();
+    italianNumberTwo.setExtension("");
+    assertEquals(PhoneNumberUtil.MatchType.SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+                 phoneUtil.isNumberMatch(italianNumberOne, italianNumberTwo));
+  }
+
+  public void testCanBeInternationallyDialled() throws Exception {
+    // We have no-international-dialling rules for the US in our test metadata that say that
+    // toll-free numbers cannot be dialled internationally.
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.canBeInternationallyDialled(US_TOLLFREE));
+
+    // Normal US numbers can be internationally dialled.
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.canBeInternationallyDialled(US_NUMBER));
+
+    // Invalid number.
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.canBeInternationallyDialled(US_LOCAL_NUMBER));
+
+    // We have no data for NZ - should return true.
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.canBeInternationallyDialled(NZ_NUMBER));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.canBeInternationallyDialled(INTERNATIONAL_TOLL_FREE));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsAlphaNumber() throws Exception {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("1800 six-flags"));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("1800 six-flags ext. 1234"));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("+800 six-flags"));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("180 six-flags"));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("1800 123-1234"));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("1 six-flags"));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("18 six-flags"));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("1800 123-1234 extension: 1234"));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isAlphaNumber("+800 1234-1234"));
+  }
+
+  public void testIsMobileNumberPortableRegion() {
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isMobileNumberPortableRegion(RegionCode.US));
+    assertTrue(phoneUtil.isMobileNumberPortableRegion(RegionCode.GB));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isMobileNumberPortableRegion(RegionCode.AE));
+    assertFalse(phoneUtil.isMobileNumberPortableRegion(RegionCode.BS));
+  }
+}