phonelib 0.3.6 → 0.4.0

data/data/libphonenumber/cpp/test/phonenumbers/phonenumberutil_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,3915 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2009 The Libphonenumber Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Author: Shaopeng Jia
+// Author: Lara Rennie
+// Open-sourced by: Philippe Liard
+//
+// Note that these tests use the metadata contained in the test metadata file,
+// not the normal metadata file, so should not be used for regression test
+// purposes - these tests are illustrative only and test functionality.
+
+#include "phonenumbers/phonenumberutil.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "phonenumbers/default_logger.h"
+#include "phonenumbers/phonemetadata.pb.h"
+#include "phonenumbers/phonenumber.h"
+#include "phonenumbers/phonenumber.pb.h"
+#include "phonenumbers/test_util.h"
+
+namespace i18n {
+namespace phonenumbers {
+
+using std::endl;
+using std::find;
+using std::make_pair;
+using std::ostream;
+
+using google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField;
+
+static const int kInvalidCountryCode = 2;
+
+class PhoneNumberUtilTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  PhoneNumberUtilTest() : phone_util_(*PhoneNumberUtil::GetInstance()) {
+    PhoneNumberUtil::GetInstance()->SetLogger(new StdoutLogger());
+  }
+
+  // Wrapper functions for private functions that we want to test.
+  const PhoneMetadata* GetPhoneMetadata(const string& region_code) const {
+    return phone_util_.GetMetadataForRegion(region_code);
+  }
+
+  const PhoneMetadata* GetMetadataForNonGeographicalRegion(
+      int country_code) const {
+    return phone_util_.GetMetadataForNonGeographicalRegion(country_code);
+  }
+
+  void GetSupportedRegions(set<string>* regions) {
+    phone_util_.GetSupportedRegions(regions);
+  }
+
+  void GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(
+      int country_calling_code,
+      list<string>* regions) {
+    phone_util_.GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(country_calling_code,
+                                                    regions);
+  }
+
+  void ExtractPossibleNumber(const string& number,
+                             string* extracted_number) const {
+    phone_util_.ExtractPossibleNumber(number, extracted_number);
+  }
+
+  bool CanBeInternationallyDialled(const PhoneNumber& number) const {
+    return phone_util_.CanBeInternationallyDialled(number);
+  }
+
+  bool IsViablePhoneNumber(const string& number) const {
+    return phone_util_.IsViablePhoneNumber(number);
+  }
+
+  void Normalize(string* number) const {
+    phone_util_.Normalize(number);
+  }
+
+  void NormalizeDiallableCharsOnly(string* number) const {
+    phone_util_.NormalizeDiallableCharsOnly(number);
+  }
+
+  bool IsNumberGeographical(const PhoneNumber& phone_number) const {
+    return phone_util_.IsNumberGeographical(phone_number);
+  }
+
+  bool IsLeadingZeroPossible(int country_calling_code) const {
+    return phone_util_.IsLeadingZeroPossible(country_calling_code);
+  }
+
+  PhoneNumber::CountryCodeSource MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(
+      const string& possible_idd_prefix,
+      string* number) const {
+    return phone_util_.MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(
+        possible_idd_prefix,
+        number);
+  }
+
+  void MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(const PhoneMetadata& metadata,
+                                              string* number,
+                                              string* carrier_code) const {
+    phone_util_.MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, number,
+                                                            carrier_code);
+  }
+
+  bool MaybeStripExtension(string* number, string* extension) const {
+    return phone_util_.MaybeStripExtension(number, extension);
+  }
+
+  PhoneNumberUtil::ErrorType MaybeExtractCountryCode(
+      const PhoneMetadata* default_region_metadata,
+      bool keep_raw_input,
+      string* national_number,
+      PhoneNumber* phone_number) const {
+    return phone_util_.MaybeExtractCountryCode(default_region_metadata,
+                                               keep_raw_input,
+                                               national_number,
+                                               phone_number);
+  }
+
+  static bool Equals(const PhoneNumberDesc& expected_number,
+                     const PhoneNumberDesc& actual_number) {
+    return ExactlySameAs(expected_number, actual_number);
+  }
+
+  bool ContainsOnlyValidDigits(const string& s) const {
+    return phone_util_.ContainsOnlyValidDigits(s);
+  }
+
+  void GetNddPrefixForRegion(const string& region,
+                             bool strip_non_digits,
+                             string* ndd_prefix) const {
+    // For testing purposes, we check this is empty first.
+    ndd_prefix->clear();
+    phone_util_.GetNddPrefixForRegion(region, strip_non_digits, ndd_prefix);
+  }
+
+  const PhoneNumberUtil& phone_util_;
+
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(PhoneNumberUtilTest);
+};
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ContainsOnlyValidDigits) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ContainsOnlyValidDigits(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ContainsOnlyValidDigits("2"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ContainsOnlyValidDigits("25"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ContainsOnlyValidDigits("\xEF\xBC\x96" /* "６" */));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ContainsOnlyValidDigits("a"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ContainsOnlyValidDigits("2a"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetSupportedRegions) {
+  set<string> regions;
+
+  GetSupportedRegions(&regions);
+  EXPECT_GT(regions.size(), 0U);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetSupportedGlobalNetworkCallingCodes) {
+  set<int> calling_codes;
+
+  phone_util_.GetSupportedGlobalNetworkCallingCodes(&calling_codes);
+  EXPECT_GT(calling_codes.size(), 0U);
+  for (set<int>::const_iterator it = calling_codes.begin();
+       it != calling_codes.end(); ++it) {
+    EXPECT_GT(*it, 0);
+    string region_code;
+    phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForCountryCode(*it, &region_code);
+    EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::UN001(), region_code);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode) {
+  list<string> regions;
+
+  GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(1, &regions);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(find(regions.begin(), regions.end(), RegionCode::US())
+              != regions.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(find(regions.begin(), regions.end(), RegionCode::BS())
+              != regions.end());
+
+  regions.clear();
+  GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(44, &regions);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(find(regions.begin(), regions.end(), RegionCode::GB())
+              != regions.end());
+
+  regions.clear();
+  GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(49, &regions);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(find(regions.begin(), regions.end(), RegionCode::DE())
+              != regions.end());
+
+  regions.clear();
+  GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(800, &regions);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(find(regions.begin(), regions.end(), RegionCode::UN001())
+              != regions.end());
+
+  regions.clear();
+  GetRegionCodesForCountryCallingCode(kInvalidCountryCode, &regions);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(regions.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetInstanceLoadUSMetadata) {
+  const PhoneMetadata* metadata = GetPhoneMetadata(RegionCode::US());
+  EXPECT_EQ("US", metadata->id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, metadata->country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ("011", metadata->international_prefix());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(metadata->has_national_prefix());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, metadata->number_format_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})",
+            metadata->number_format(1).pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("$1 $2 $3", metadata->number_format(1).format());
+  EXPECT_EQ("[13-689]\\d{9}|2[0-35-9]\\d{8}",
+            metadata->general_desc().national_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("\\d{7}(?:\\d{3})?",
+            metadata->general_desc().possible_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Equals(metadata->general_desc(), metadata->fixed_line()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("\\d{10}", metadata->toll_free().possible_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("900\\d{7}", metadata->premium_rate().national_number_pattern());
+  // No shared-cost data is available, so it should be initialised to "NA".
+  EXPECT_EQ("NA", metadata->shared_cost().national_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("NA", metadata->shared_cost().possible_number_pattern());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetInstanceLoadDEMetadata) {
+  const PhoneMetadata* metadata = GetPhoneMetadata(RegionCode::DE());
+  EXPECT_EQ("DE", metadata->id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, metadata->country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ("00", metadata->international_prefix());
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", metadata->national_prefix());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, metadata->number_format_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, metadata->number_format(5).leading_digits_pattern_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("900", metadata->number_format(5).leading_digits_pattern(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(\\d{3})(\\d{3,4})(\\d{4})",
+            metadata->number_format(5).pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("$1 $2 $3", metadata->number_format(5).format());
+  EXPECT_EQ("(?:[24-6]\\d{2}|3[03-9]\\d|[789](?:[1-9]\\d|0[2-9]))\\d{1,8}",
+            metadata->fixed_line().national_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("\\d{2,14}", metadata->fixed_line().possible_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("30123456", metadata->fixed_line().example_number());
+  EXPECT_EQ("\\d{10}", metadata->toll_free().possible_number_pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("900([135]\\d{6}|9\\d{7})",
+            metadata->premium_rate().national_number_pattern());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetInstanceLoadARMetadata) {
+  const PhoneMetadata* metadata = GetPhoneMetadata(RegionCode::AR());
+  EXPECT_EQ("AR", metadata->id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(54, metadata->country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ("00", metadata->international_prefix());
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", metadata->national_prefix());
+  EXPECT_EQ("0(?:(11|343|3715)15)?", metadata->national_prefix_for_parsing());
+  EXPECT_EQ("9$1", metadata->national_prefix_transform_rule());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, metadata->number_format_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("$2 15 $3-$4", metadata->number_format(2).format());
+  EXPECT_EQ("(9)(\\d{4})(\\d{2})(\\d{4})",
+            metadata->number_format(3).pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("(9)(\\d{4})(\\d{2})(\\d{4})",
+            metadata->intl_number_format(3).pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("$1 $2 $3 $4", metadata->intl_number_format(3).format());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetInstanceLoadInternationalTollFreeMetadata) {
+  const PhoneMetadata* metadata = GetMetadataForNonGeographicalRegion(800);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(metadata == NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("001", metadata->id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(800, metadata->country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ("$1 $2", metadata->number_format(0).format());
+  EXPECT_EQ("(\\d{4})(\\d{4})", metadata->number_format(0).pattern());
+  EXPECT_EQ("12345678", metadata->general_desc().example_number());
+  EXPECT_EQ("12345678", metadata->toll_free().example_number());
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetNationalSignificantNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  string national_significant_number;
+  phone_util_.GetNationalSignificantNumber(number,
+                                           &national_significant_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("6502530000", national_significant_number);
+
+  // An Italian mobile number.
+  national_significant_number.clear();
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(312345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetNationalSignificantNumber(number,
+                                           &national_significant_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("312345678", national_significant_number);
+
+  // An Italian fixed line number.
+  national_significant_number.clear();
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  phone_util_.GetNationalSignificantNumber(number,
+                                           &national_significant_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0236618300", national_significant_number);
+
+  national_significant_number.clear();
+  number.Clear();
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetNationalSignificantNumber(number,
+                                           &national_significant_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("12345678", national_significant_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetExampleNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber de_number;
+  de_number.set_country_code(49);
+  de_number.set_national_number(30123456ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  bool success = phone_util_.GetExampleNumber(RegionCode::DE(), &test_number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success);
+  EXPECT_EQ(de_number, test_number);
+
+  success = phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForType(RegionCode::DE(),
+                                                PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE,
+                                                &test_number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success);
+  EXPECT_EQ(de_number, test_number);
+
+  success = phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForType(RegionCode::DE(),
+                                                PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE,
+                                                &test_number);
+  // Here we test that an example number was not returned, and that the number
+  // passed in was not modified.
+  test_number.Clear();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(success);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  // For the US, the example number is placed under general description, and
+  // hence should be used for both fixed line and mobile, so neither of these
+  // should return null.
+  success = phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForType(RegionCode::US(),
+                                                PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE,
+                                                &test_number);
+  // Here we test that the call to get an example number succeeded, and that the
+  // number passed in was modified.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success);
+  EXPECT_NE(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+  success = phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForType(RegionCode::US(),
+                                                PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE,
+                                                &test_number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success);
+  EXPECT_NE(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  // CS is an invalid region, so we have no data for it. We should return false.
+  test_number.Clear();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForType(RegionCode::CS(),
+                                                   PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE,
+                                                   &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  // RegionCode 001 is reserved for supporting non-geographical country calling
+  // code. We don't support getting an example number for it with this method.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.GetExampleNumber(RegionCode::UN001(), &test_number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetExampleNumberForNonGeoEntity) {
+  PhoneNumber toll_free_number;
+  toll_free_number.set_country_code(800);
+  toll_free_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  bool success =
+      phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForNonGeoEntity(800 , &test_number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success);
+  EXPECT_EQ(toll_free_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber universal_premium_rate;
+  universal_premium_rate.set_country_code(979);
+  universal_premium_rate.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  success = phone_util_.GetExampleNumberForNonGeoEntity(979 , &test_number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(success);
+  EXPECT_EQ(universal_premium_rate, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatUSNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(8002530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("800 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 800 253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(9002530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("900 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 900 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::RFC3966, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("tel:+1-900-253-0000", formatted_number);
+  test_number.set_national_number(0ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", formatted_number);
+  // Numbers with all zeros in the national number part will be formatted by
+  // using the raw_input if that is available no matter which format is
+  // specified.
+  test_number.set_raw_input("000-000-0000");
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("000-000-0000", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatBSNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(2421234567ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("242 123 4567", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 242 123 4567", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(8002530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("800 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 800 253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(9002530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("900 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 900 253 0000", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatGBNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(44);
+  test_number.set_national_number(2087389353ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(020) 8738 9353", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+44 20 8738 9353", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(7912345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(07912) 345 678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+44 7912 345 678", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatDENumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(49);
+  test_number.set_national_number(301234ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("030/1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49 30/1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::RFC3966, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("tel:+49-30-1234", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(291123ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0291 123", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49 291 123", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(29112345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0291 12345678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49 291 12345678", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(9123123ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("09123 123", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49 9123 123", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(80212345ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("08021 2345", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49 8021 2345", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(1234ULL);
+  // Note this number is correctly formatted without national prefix. Most of
+  // the numbers that are treated as invalid numbers by the library are short
+  // numbers, and they are usually not dialed with national prefix.
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49 1234", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatITNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(39);
+  test_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+39 02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+390236618300", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(345678901ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(false);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("345 678 901", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+39 345 678 901", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+39345678901", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatAUNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(61);
+  test_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+61 2 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+61236618300", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(1800123456ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1800 123 456", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+61 1800 123 456", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+611800123456", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatARNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(54);
+  test_number.set_national_number(1187654321ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 8765-4321", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+54 11 8765-4321", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+541187654321", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(91187654321ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 15 8765-4321", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+54 9 11 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+5491187654321", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatMXNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(52);
+  test_number.set_national_number(12345678900ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("045 234 567 8900", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+52 1 234 567 8900", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+5212345678900", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(15512345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("045 55 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+52 1 55 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+5215512345678", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(3312345678LL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01 33 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+52 33 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+523312345678", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(8211234567LL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01 821 123 4567", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+52 821 123 4567", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+528211234567", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(9002530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::DE(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("00 1 900 253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::BS(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::PL(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("00 1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(44);
+  test_number.set_national_number(7912345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 44 7912 345 678", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(49);
+  test_number.set_national_number(1234ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("00 49 1234", formatted_number);
+  // Note this number is correctly formatted without national prefix. Most of
+  // the numbers that are treated as invalid numbers by the library are short
+  // numbers, and they are usually not dialed with national prefix.
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::DE(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1234", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(39);
+  test_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 39 02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::IT(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::SG(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+39 02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(65);
+  test_number.set_national_number(94777892ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(false);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::SG(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("9477 7892", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(800);
+  test_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 800 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(54);
+  test_number.set_national_number(91187654321ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 54 9 11 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_extension("1234");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 54 9 11 8765 4321 ext. 1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::AU(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 54 9 11 8765 4321 ext. 1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::AR(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 15 8765-4321 ext. 1234", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatOutOfCountryWithInvalidRegion) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  // AQ/Antarctica isn't a valid region code for phone number formatting,
+  // so this falls back to intl formatting.
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::AQ(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  // For region code 001, the out-of-country format always turns into the
+  // international format.
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::UN001(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatOutOfCountryWithPreferredIntlPrefix) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(39);
+  test_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  // This should use 0011, since that is the preferred international prefix
+  // (both 0011 and 0012 are accepted as possible international prefixes in our
+  // test metadta.)
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(test_number, RegionCode::AU(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 39 02 3661 8300", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars) {
+  PhoneNumber alpha_numeric_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code(1);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(8007493524ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("1800 six-flag");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 1 800 SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("1-800-SIX-flag");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 1 800-SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("Call us from UK: 00 1 800 SIX-flag");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 1 800 SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("800 SIX-flag");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 1 800 SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  // Formatting from within the NANPA region.
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::US(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1 800 SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::BS(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1 800 SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  // Testing that if the raw input doesn't exist, it is formatted using
+  // FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber.
+  alpha_numeric_number.clear_raw_input();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::DE(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("00 1 800 749 3524", formatted_number);
+
+  // Testing AU alpha number formatted from Australia.
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code(61);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(827493524ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("+61 82749-FLAG");
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  // This number should have the national prefix prefixed.
+  EXPECT_EQ("082749-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("082749-FLAG");
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("082749-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(18007493524ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("1-800-SIX-flag");
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AU(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  // This number should not have the national prefix prefixed, in accordance
+  // with the override for this specific formatting rule.
+  EXPECT_EQ("1-800-SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+  // The metadata should not be permanently changed, since we copied it before
+  // modifying patterns. Here we check this.
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(1800749352ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                              RegionCode::AU(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1800 749 352", formatted_number);
+
+  // Testing a country with multiple international prefixes.
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::SG(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+61 1-800-SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+  // Testing the case of calling from a non-supported region.
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AQ(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+61 1-800-SIX-FLAG", formatted_number);
+
+  // Testing the case with an invalid country code.
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code(0);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(18007493524ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("1-800-SIX-flag");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::DE(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  // Uses the raw input only.
+  EXPECT_EQ("1-800-SIX-flag", formatted_number);
+
+  // Testing the case of an invalid alpha number.
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code(1);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(80749ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("180-SIX");
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::DE(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  // No country-code stripping can be done.
+  EXPECT_EQ("00 1 180-SIX", formatted_number);
+  // Testing the case of calling from a non-supported region.
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryKeepingAlphaChars(alpha_numeric_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::AQ(),
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  // No country-code stripping can be done since the number is invalid.
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 180-SIX", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatWithCarrierCode) {
+  // We only support this for AR in our test metadata.
+  PhoneNumber ar_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  ar_number.set_country_code(54);
+  ar_number.set_national_number(91234125678ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(ar_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  // Test formatting with a carrier code.
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(ar_number, "15",
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 15 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(ar_number, "",
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  // Here the international rule is used, so no carrier code should be present.
+  phone_util_.Format(ar_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+5491234125678", formatted_number);
+
+  // We don't support this for the US so there should be no change.
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(4241231234ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(us_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("424 123 1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(us_number, "15",
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("424 123 1234", formatted_number);
+
+  // Invalid country code should just get the NSN.
+  PhoneNumber invalid_number;
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(kInvalidCountryCode);
+  invalid_number.set_national_number(12345ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithCarrierCode(invalid_number, "89",
+                                                  &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("12345", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatWithPreferredCarrierCode) {
+  // We only support this for AR in our test metadata.
+  PhoneNumber ar_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  ar_number.set_country_code(54);
+  ar_number.set_national_number(91234125678ULL);
+  // Test formatting with no preferred carrier code stored in the number itself.
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(ar_number, "15",
+                                                           &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 15 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(ar_number, "",
+                                                           &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  // Test formatting with preferred carrier code present.
+  ar_number.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("19");
+  phone_util_.Format(ar_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(ar_number, "15",
+                                                           &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 19 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(ar_number, "",
+                                                           &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 19 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  // When the preferred_domestic_carrier_code is present (even when it contains
+  // an empty string), use it instead of the default carrier code passed in.
+  ar_number.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("");
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(ar_number, "15",
+                                                           &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01234 12-5678", formatted_number);
+  // We don't support this for the US so there should be no change.
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(4241231234ULL);
+  us_number.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("99");
+  phone_util_.Format(us_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("424 123 1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNationalNumberWithPreferredCarrierCode(us_number, "15",
+                                                           &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("424 123 1234", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatNumberForMobileDialing) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+
+  // Numbers are normally dialed in national format in-country, and
+  // international format from outside the country.
+  test_number.set_country_code(49);
+  test_number.set_national_number(30123456ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::DE(), false, /* remove formatting */
+      &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("030123456", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::CH(), false, /* remove formatting */
+      &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+4930123456", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_extension("1234");
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::DE(), false, /* remove formatting */
+      &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("030123456", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::CH(), false, /* remove formatting */
+      &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+4930123456", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.clear_extension();
+  // US toll free numbers are marked as noInternationalDialling in the test
+  // metadata for testing purposes. For such numbers, we expect nothing to be
+  // returned when the region code is not the same one.
+  test_number.set_national_number(8002530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), true, /* keep formatting */
+      &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("800 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::CN(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, /* remove formatting */
+      &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("8002530000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::CN(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+16502530000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_extension("1234");
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+16502530000", formatted_number);
+
+  // An invalid US number, which is one digit too long.
+  test_number.set_national_number(65025300001ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 65025300001", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+165025300001", formatted_number);
+
+  // Star numbers. In real life they appear in Israel, but we have them in JP
+  // in our test metadata.
+  test_number.set_country_code(81);
+  test_number.set_national_number(2345ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("*2345", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("*2345", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(800);
+  test_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+80012345678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+800 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  // UAE numbers beginning with 600 (classified as UAN) need to be dialled
+  // without +971 locally.
+  test_number.set_country_code(971);
+  test_number.set_national_number(600123456ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+971600123456", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::AE(), true, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("600123456", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(52);
+  test_number.set_national_number(3312345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::MX(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+523312345678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+523312345678", formatted_number);
+
+  // Non-geographical numbers should always be dialed in international format.
+  test_number.set_country_code(800);
+  test_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+80012345678", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::UN001(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+80012345678", formatted_number);
+
+  // Test that a short number is formatted correctly for mobile dialing within
+  // the region, and is not diallable from outside the region.
+  test_number.set_country_code(49);
+  test_number.set_national_number(123L);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::DE(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::IT(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+
+  // Test the special logic for Hungary, where the national prefix must be
+  // added before dialing from a mobile phone for regular length numbers, but
+  // not for short numbers.
+  test_number.set_country_code(36);
+  test_number.set_national_number(301234567L);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::HU(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("06301234567", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+36301234567", formatted_number);
+  test_number.set_national_number(104L);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::HU(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("104", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::JP(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+
+  // Test the special logic for NANPA countries, for which regular length phone
+  // numbers are always output in international format, but short numbers are
+  // in national format.
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000L);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+16502530000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::CA(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+16502530000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::BR(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+16502530000", formatted_number);
+  test_number.set_national_number(911L);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::US(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("911", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::CA(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::BR(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+  // Test that the Australian emergency number 000 is formatted correctly.
+  test_number.set_country_code(61);
+  test_number.set_national_number(0L);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  test_number.set_number_of_leading_zeros(2);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::AU(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatNumberForMobileDialing(
+      test_number, RegionCode::NZ(), false, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatByPattern) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<NumberFormat> number_formats;
+  NumberFormat* number_format = number_formats.Add();
+  number_format->set_pattern("(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})");
+  number_format->set_format("($1) $2-$3");
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(650) 253-0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 (650) 253-0000", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::RFC3966,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("tel:+1-650-253-0000", formatted_number);
+
+  // $NP is set to '1' for the US. Here we check that for other NANPA countries
+  // the US rules are followed.
+  number_format->set_national_prefix_formatting_rule("$NP ($FG)");
+  number_format->set_format("$1 $2-$3");
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(4168819999ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1 (416) 881-9999", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+1 416 881-9999", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(39);
+  test_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  number_format->set_pattern("(\\d{2})(\\d{5})(\\d{3})");
+  number_format->set_format("$1-$2 $3");
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("02-36618 300", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+39 02-36618 300", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(44);
+  test_number.set_national_number(2012345678ULL);
+  test_number.set_italian_leading_zero(false);
+  number_format->set_national_prefix_formatting_rule("$NP$FG");
+  number_format->set_pattern("(\\d{2})(\\d{4})(\\d{4})");
+  number_format->set_format("$1 $2 $3");
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("020 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  number_format->set_national_prefix_formatting_rule("($NP$FG)");
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(020) 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+  number_format->set_national_prefix_formatting_rule("");
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("20 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+  number_format->set_national_prefix_formatting_rule("");
+  phone_util_.FormatByPattern(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                              number_formats,
+                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+44 20 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatE164Number) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+16502530000", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(49);
+  test_number.set_national_number(301234ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+49301234", formatted_number);
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(800);
+  test_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(test_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+80012345678", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatNumberWithExtension) {
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  nz_number.set_extension("1234");
+  string formatted_number;
+  // Uses default extension prefix:
+  phone_util_.Format(nz_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("03-331 6005 ext. 1234", formatted_number);
+  // Uses RFC 3966 syntax.
+  phone_util_.Format(nz_number, PhoneNumberUtil::RFC3966, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("tel:+64-3-331-6005;ext=1234", formatted_number);
+  // Extension prefix overridden in the territory information for the US:
+  PhoneNumber us_number_with_extension;
+  us_number_with_extension.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number_with_extension.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  us_number_with_extension.set_extension("4567");
+  phone_util_.Format(us_number_with_extension,
+                     PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650 253 0000 extn. 4567", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  // Google MTV, which has area code "650".
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // A North America toll-free number, which has no area code.
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(8002530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // An invalid US number (1 digit shorter), which has no area code.
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(650253000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // Google London, which has area code "20".
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(2070313000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // A UK mobile phone, which has no area code.
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(7123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // Google Buenos Aires, which has area code "11".
+  number.set_country_code(54);
+  number.set_national_number(1155303000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // Google Sydney, which has area code "2".
+  number.set_country_code(61);
+  number.set_national_number(293744000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // Italian numbers - there is no national prefix, but it still has an area
+  // code.
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // Google Singapore. Singapore has no area code and no national prefix.
+  number.set_country_code(65);
+  number.set_national_number(65218000ULL);
+  number.set_italian_leading_zero(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+
+  // An international toll free number, which has no area code.
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfGeographicalAreaCode(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  // Google MTV, which has national destination code (NDC) "650".
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // A North America toll-free number, which has NDC "800".
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(8002530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // Google London, which has NDC "20".
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(2070313000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // A UK mobile phone, which has NDC "7123"
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(7123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // Google Buenos Aires, which has NDC "11".
+  number.set_country_code(54);
+  number.set_national_number(1155303000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // An Argentinian mobile which has NDC "911".
+  number.set_country_code(54);
+  number.set_national_number(91187654321ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // Google Sydney, which has NDC "2".
+  number.set_country_code(61);
+  number.set_national_number(293744000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // Google Singapore. Singapore has NDC "6521".
+  number.set_country_code(65);
+  number.set_national_number(65218000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // An invalid US number (1 digit shorter), which has no NDC.
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(650253000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // A number containing an invalid country code, which shouldn't have any NDC.
+  number.set_country_code(123);
+  number.set_national_number(650253000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // A number that has only one group of digits after country code when
+  // formatted in the international format.
+  number.set_country_code(376);
+  number.set_national_number(12345ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // The same number above, but with an extension.
+  number.set_country_code(376);
+  number.set_national_number(12345ULL);
+  number.set_extension("321");
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+
+  // An international toll free number, which has NDC "1234".
+  number.Clear();
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, phone_util_.GetLengthOfNationalDestinationCode(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetCountryMobileToken) {
+  int country_calling_code;
+  string mobile_token;
+
+  country_calling_code = phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::MX());
+  phone_util_.GetCountryMobileToken(country_calling_code, &mobile_token);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", mobile_token);
+
+  // Country calling code for Sweden, which has no mobile token.
+  country_calling_code = phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::SE());
+  phone_util_.GetCountryMobileToken(country_calling_code, &mobile_token);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", mobile_token);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ExtractPossibleNumber) {
+  // Removes preceding funky punctuation and letters but leaves the rest
+  // untouched.
+  string extracted_number;
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("Tel:0800-345-600", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0800-345-600", extracted_number);
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("Tel:0800 FOR PIZZA", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0800 FOR PIZZA", extracted_number);
+
+  // Should not remove plus sign.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("Tel:+800-345-600", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+800-345-600", extracted_number);
+  // Should recognise wide digits as possible start values.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("\xEF\xBC\x90\xEF\xBC\x92\xEF\xBC\x93" /* "０２３" */,
+                        &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xEF\xBC\x90\xEF\xBC\x92\xEF\xBC\x93" /* "０２３" */,
+            extracted_number);
+  // Dashes are not possible start values and should be removed.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("Num-\xEF\xBC\x91\xEF\xBC\x92\xEF\xBC\x93"
+                        /* "Num-１２３" */, &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xEF\xBC\x91\xEF\xBC\x92\xEF\xBC\x93" /* "１２３" */,
+            extracted_number);
+  // If not possible number present, return empty string.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("Num-....", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", extracted_number);
+  // Leading brackets are stripped - these are not used when parsing.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650) 253-0000", extracted_number);
+
+  // Trailing non-alpha-numeric characters should be removed.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000..- ..", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650) 253-0000", extracted_number);
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000.", &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650) 253-0000", extracted_number);
+  // This case has a trailing RTL char.
+  ExtractPossibleNumber("(650) 253-0000\xE2\x80\x8F"
+                        /* "(650) 253-0000‏" */, &extracted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650) 253-0000", extracted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNANPACountry) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsNANPACountry(RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsNANPACountry(RegionCode::BS()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsNANPACountry(RegionCode::DE()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsNANPACountry(RegionCode::GetUnknown()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsNANPACountry(RegionCode::UN001()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsValidNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(us_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber it_number;
+  it_number.set_country_code(39);
+  it_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  it_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(it_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber gb_number;
+  gb_number.set_country_code(44);
+  gb_number.set_national_number(7912345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(gb_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(21387835ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(nz_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber intl_toll_free_number;
+  intl_toll_free_number.set_country_code(800);
+  intl_toll_free_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(intl_toll_free_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber universal_premium_rate;
+  universal_premium_rate.set_country_code(979);
+  universal_premium_rate.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(universal_premium_rate));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsValidForRegion) {
+  // This number is valid for the Bahamas, but is not a valid US number.
+  PhoneNumber bs_number;
+  bs_number.set_country_code(1);
+  bs_number.set_national_number(2423232345ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(bs_number));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(bs_number, RegionCode::BS()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(bs_number, RegionCode::US()));
+  bs_number.set_national_number(2421232345ULL);
+  // This number is no longer valid.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(bs_number));
+
+  // La Mayotte and Réunion use 'leadingDigits' to differentiate them.
+  PhoneNumber re_number;
+  re_number.set_country_code(262);
+  re_number.set_national_number(262123456ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(re_number));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::RE()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::YT()));
+  // Now change the number to be a number for La Mayotte.
+  re_number.set_national_number(269601234ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::YT()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::RE()));
+  // This number is no longer valid.
+  re_number.set_national_number(269123456ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::YT()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::RE()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(re_number));
+  // However, it should be recognised as from La Mayotte.
+  string region_code;
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForNumber(re_number, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::YT(), region_code);
+  // This number is valid in both places.
+  re_number.set_national_number(800123456ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::YT()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(re_number, RegionCode::RE()));
+
+  PhoneNumber intl_toll_free_number;
+  intl_toll_free_number.set_country_code(800);
+  intl_toll_free_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(intl_toll_free_number,
+                                                 RegionCode::UN001()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(intl_toll_free_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(intl_toll_free_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::ZZ()));
+
+  PhoneNumber invalid_number;
+  // Invalid country calling codes.
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(3923);
+  invalid_number.set_national_number(2366ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(invalid_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::ZZ()));
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(3923);
+  invalid_number.set_national_number(2366ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(invalid_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::UN001()));
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(0);
+  invalid_number.set_national_number(2366ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(invalid_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::UN001()));
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumberForRegion(invalid_number,
+                                                  RegionCode::ZZ()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNotValidNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(2530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(us_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber it_number;
+  it_number.set_country_code(39);
+  it_number.set_national_number(23661830000ULL);
+  it_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(it_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber gb_number;
+  gb_number.set_country_code(44);
+  gb_number.set_national_number(791234567ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(gb_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber de_number;
+  de_number.set_country_code(49);
+  de_number.set_national_number(1234ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(de_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(3316005ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(nz_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber invalid_number;
+  // Invalid country calling codes.
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(3923);
+  invalid_number.set_national_number(2366ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(invalid_number));
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(invalid_number));
+
+  PhoneNumber intl_toll_free_number_too_long;
+  intl_toll_free_number_too_long.set_country_code(800);
+  intl_toll_free_number_too_long.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(intl_toll_free_number_too_long));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetRegionCodeForCountryCode) {
+  string region_code;
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForCountryCode(1, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::US(), region_code);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForCountryCode(44, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::GB(), region_code);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForCountryCode(49, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::DE(), region_code);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForCountryCode(800, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::UN001(), region_code);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForCountryCode(979, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::UN001(), region_code);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetRegionCodeForNumber) {
+  string region_code;
+  PhoneNumber bs_number;
+  bs_number.set_country_code(1);
+  bs_number.set_national_number(2423232345ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForNumber(bs_number, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::BS(), region_code);
+
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(4241231234ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForNumber(us_number, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::US(), region_code);
+
+  PhoneNumber gb_mobile;
+  gb_mobile.set_country_code(44);
+  gb_mobile.set_national_number(7912345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForNumber(gb_mobile, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::GB(), region_code);
+
+  PhoneNumber intl_toll_free_number;
+  intl_toll_free_number.set_country_code(800);
+  intl_toll_free_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForNumber(intl_toll_free_number, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::UN001(), region_code);
+
+  PhoneNumber universal_premium_rate;
+  universal_premium_rate.set_country_code(979);
+  universal_premium_rate.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  phone_util_.GetRegionCodeForNumber(universal_premium_rate, &region_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(RegionCode::UN001(), region_code);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsPossibleNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(2530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(2070313000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+1 650 253 0000",
+                                                    RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+1 650 GOO OGLE",
+                                                    RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("(650) 253-0000",
+                                                    RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("253-0000",
+                                                    RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+1 650 253 0000",
+                                                    RegionCode::GB()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+44 20 7031 3000",
+                                                    RegionCode::GB()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("(020) 7031 3000",
+                                                    RegionCode::GB()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("7031 3000",
+                                                    RegionCode::GB()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("3331 6005",
+                                                    RegionCode::NZ()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+800 1234 5678",
+                                                    RegionCode::UN001()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsPossibleNumberWithReason) {
+  // FYI, national numbers for country code +1 that are within 7 to 10 digits
+  // are possible.
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::IS_POSSIBLE,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(2530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::IS_POSSIBLE,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(0);
+  number.set_national_number(2530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(253000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_SHORT,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(65025300000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_LONG,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(2070310000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::IS_POSSIBLE,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(49);
+  number.set_national_number(30123456ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::IS_POSSIBLE,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(65);
+  number.set_national_number(1234567890ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::IS_POSSIBLE,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_LONG,
+            phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberWithReason(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNotPossibleNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(65025300000ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(253000ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(300ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumber(number));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+1 650 253 00000",
+                                                     RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("(650) 253-00000",
+                                                     RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("I want a Pizza",
+                                                     RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("253-000",
+                                                     RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("1 3000",
+                                                     RegionCode::GB()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+44 300",
+                                                     RegionCode::GB()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsPossibleNumberForString("+800 1234 5678 9",
+                                                     RegionCode::UN001()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, TruncateTooLongNumber) {
+  // US number 650-253-0000, but entered with one additional digit at the end.
+  PhoneNumber too_long_number;
+  too_long_number.set_country_code(1);
+  too_long_number.set_national_number(65025300001ULL);
+  PhoneNumber valid_number;
+  valid_number.set_country_code(1);
+  valid_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&too_long_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(valid_number, too_long_number);
+
+  too_long_number.set_country_code(800);
+  too_long_number.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  valid_number.set_country_code(800);
+  valid_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&too_long_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(valid_number, too_long_number);
+
+  // GB number 080 1234 5678, but entered with 4 extra digits at the end.
+  too_long_number.set_country_code(44);
+  too_long_number.set_national_number(80123456780123ULL);
+  valid_number.set_country_code(44);
+  valid_number.set_national_number(8012345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&too_long_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(valid_number, too_long_number);
+
+  // IT number 022 3456 7890, but entered with 3 extra digits at the end.
+  too_long_number.set_country_code(39);
+  too_long_number.set_national_number(2234567890123ULL);
+  too_long_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  valid_number.set_country_code(39);
+  valid_number.set_national_number(2234567890ULL);
+  valid_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&too_long_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(valid_number, too_long_number);
+
+  // Tests what happens when a valid number is passed in.
+  PhoneNumber valid_number_copy(valid_number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&valid_number));
+  // Tests the number is not modified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(valid_number_copy, valid_number);
+
+  // Tests what happens when a number with invalid prefix is passed in.
+  PhoneNumber number_with_invalid_prefix;
+  number_with_invalid_prefix.set_country_code(1);
+  // The test metadata says US numbers cannot have prefix 240.
+  number_with_invalid_prefix.set_national_number(2401234567ULL);
+  PhoneNumber invalid_number_copy(number_with_invalid_prefix);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&number_with_invalid_prefix));
+  // Tests the number is not modified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(invalid_number_copy, number_with_invalid_prefix);
+
+  // Tests what happens when a too short number is passed in.
+  PhoneNumber too_short_number;
+  too_short_number.set_country_code(1);
+  too_short_number.set_national_number(1234ULL);
+  PhoneNumber too_short_number_copy(too_short_number);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.TruncateTooLongNumber(&too_short_number));
+  // Tests the number is not modified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(too_short_number_copy, too_short_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNumberGeographical) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(2423570000ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsNumberGeographical(number));  // Bahamas, mobile phone number.
+
+  number.set_country_code(61);
+  number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNumberGeographical(number));  // Australian fixed line number.
+
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsNumberGeographical(number));  // Internation toll free number.
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsLeadingZeroPossible) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsLeadingZeroPossible(39));  // Italy
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsLeadingZeroPossible(1));  // USA
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsLeadingZeroPossible(800));  // International toll free
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsLeadingZeroPossible(979));  // International premium-rate
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsLeadingZeroPossible(888));  // Not in metadata file, should
+                                             // return default value of false.
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FormatInOriginalFormat) {
+  PhoneNumber phone_number;
+  string formatted_number;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("+442087654321", RegionCode::GB(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+44 20 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("02087654321", RegionCode::GB(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(020) 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("011442087654321",
+                                             RegionCode::US(), &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 44 20 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("442087654321", RegionCode::GB(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("44 20 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+442087654321", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(020) 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  // Invalid numbers that we have a formatting pattern for should be formatted
+  // properly.  Note area codes starting with 7 are intentionally excluded in
+  // the test metadata for testing purposes.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("7345678901", RegionCode::US(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("734 567 8901", formatted_number);
+
+  // US is not a leading zero country, and the presence of the leading zero
+  // leads us to format the number using raw_input.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("0734567 8901", RegionCode::US(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0734567 8901", formatted_number);
+
+  // This number is valid, but we don't have a formatting pattern for it. Fall
+  // back to the raw input.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("02-4567-8900", RegionCode::KR(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::KR(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("02-4567-8900", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("01180012345678",
+                                             RegionCode::US(), &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("011 800 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("+80012345678", RegionCode::KR(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::KR(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+800 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  // US local numbers are formatted correctly, as we have formatting patterns
+  // for them.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("2530000", RegionCode::US(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number with national prefix in the US.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("18003456789", RegionCode::US(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1 800 345 6789", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number without national prefix in the UK.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("2087654321", RegionCode::GB(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("20 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+  // Make sure no metadata is modified as a result of the previous function
+  // call.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+442087654321", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::GB(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("(020) 8765 4321", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number with national prefix in Mexico.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("013312345678", RegionCode::MX(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::MX(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("01 33 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number without national prefix in Mexico.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("3312345678", RegionCode::MX(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::MX(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("33 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Italian fixed-line number.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("0212345678", RegionCode::IT(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::IT(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("02 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number with national prefix in Japan.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("00777012", RegionCode::JP(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::JP(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0077-7012", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number without national prefix in Japan.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("0777012", RegionCode::JP(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::JP(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0777012", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // Number with carrier code in Brazil.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("012 3121286979", RegionCode::BR(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::BR(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("012 3121286979", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  // The default national prefix used in this case is 045. When a number with
+  // national prefix 044 is entered, we return the raw input as we don't want to
+  // change the number entered.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("044(33)1234-5678",
+                                             RegionCode::MX(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::MX(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("044(33)1234-5678", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("045(33)1234-5678",
+                                             RegionCode::MX(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::MX(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("045 33 1234 5678", formatted_number);
+
+  // The default international prefix used in this case is 0011. When a number
+  // with international prefix 0012 is entered, we return the raw input as we
+  // don't want to change the number entered.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("0012 16502530000",
+                                             RegionCode::AU(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::AU(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0012 16502530000", formatted_number);
+
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("0011 16502530000",
+                                             RegionCode::AU(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::AU(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0011 1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+
+  // Test the star sign is not removed from or added to the original input by
+  // this method.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("*1234",
+                                             RegionCode::JP(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::JP(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("*1234", formatted_number);
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("1234",
+                                             RegionCode::JP(),
+                                             &phone_number));
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::JP(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1234", formatted_number);
+
+  // Test that an invalid national number without raw input is just formatted
+  // as the national number.
+  phone_number.Clear();
+  formatted_number.clear();
+  phone_number.set_country_code_source(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY);
+  phone_number.set_country_code(1);
+  phone_number.set_national_number(650253000ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatInOriginalFormat(phone_number, RegionCode::US(),
+                                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("650253000", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsPremiumRate) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(9004433030ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PREMIUM_RATE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(892123ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PREMIUM_RATE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(9187654321ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PREMIUM_RATE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(49);
+  number.set_national_number(9001654321ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PREMIUM_RATE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(49);
+  number.set_national_number(90091234567ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PREMIUM_RATE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(979);
+  number.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PREMIUM_RATE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsTollFree) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(8881234567ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOLL_FREE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(803123ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOLL_FREE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(8012345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOLL_FREE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(49);
+  number.set_national_number(8001234567ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOLL_FREE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(800);
+  number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOLL_FREE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsMobile) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  // A Bahama mobile number
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(2423570000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(312345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(7912345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(49);
+  number.set_national_number(15123456789ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(54);
+  number.set_national_number(91187654321ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::MOBILE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsFixedLine) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  // A Bahama fixed-line number
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(2423651234ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  // An Italian fixed-line number
+  number.Clear();
+  number.set_country_code(39);
+  number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.Clear();
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(2012345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(49);
+  number.set_national_number(301234ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsFixedLineAndMobile) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(6502531111ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE_OR_MOBILE,
+            phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+
+  number.set_country_code(54);
+  number.set_national_number(1987654321ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::FIXED_LINE_OR_MOBILE,
+            phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsSharedCost) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(8431231234ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHARED_COST, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsVoip) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(5631231234ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::VOIP, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsPersonalNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(44);
+  number.set_national_number(7031231234ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::PERSONAL_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsUnknown) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  number.set_country_code(1);
+  number.set_national_number(65025311111ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::UNKNOWN, phone_util_.GetNumberType(number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetCountryCodeForRegion) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::US()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(64, phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::NZ()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::GetUnknown()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::UN001()));
+  // CS is already deprecated so the library doesn't support it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, phone_util_.GetCountryCodeForRegion(RegionCode::CS()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, GetNationalDiallingPrefixForRegion) {
+  string ndd_prefix;
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::US(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", ndd_prefix);
+
+  // Test non-main country to see it gets the national dialling prefix for the
+  // main country with that country calling code.
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::BS(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", ndd_prefix);
+
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::NZ(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", ndd_prefix);
+
+  // Test case with non digit in the national prefix.
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::AO(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("0~0", ndd_prefix);
+
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::AO(), true, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("00", ndd_prefix);
+
+  // Test cases with invalid regions.
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::GetUnknown(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", ndd_prefix);
+
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::UN001(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", ndd_prefix);
+
+  // CS is already deprecated so the library doesn't support it.
+  GetNddPrefixForRegion(RegionCode::CS(), false, &ndd_prefix);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", ndd_prefix);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsViablePhoneNumber) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("1"));
+  // Only one or two digits before strange non-possible punctuation.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("1+1+1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("80+0"));
+  // Two digits is viable.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("00"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("111"));
+  // Alpha numbers.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("0800-4-pizza"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("0800-4-PIZZA"));
+  // We need at least three digits before any alpha characters.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("08-PIZZA"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("8-PIZZA"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("12. March"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsViablePhoneNumberNonAscii) {
+  // Only one or two digits before possible punctuation followed by more digits.
+  // The punctuation used here is the unicode character u+3000.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("1\xE3\x80\x80" "34" /* "1　34" */));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsViablePhoneNumber("1\xE3\x80\x80" "3+4" /* "1　3+4" */));
+  // Unicode variants of possible starting character and other allowed
+  // punctuation/digits.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("\xEF\xBC\x88" "1\xEF\xBC\x89\xE3\x80\x80"
+                                  "3456789" /* "（1）　3456789" */));
+  // Testing a leading + is okay.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsViablePhoneNumber("+1\xEF\xBC\x89\xE3\x80\x80"
+                                  "3456789" /* "+1）　3456789" */));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ConvertAlphaCharactersInNumber) {
+  string input("1800-ABC-DEF");
+  phone_util_.ConvertAlphaCharactersInNumber(&input);
+  // Alpha chars are converted to digits; everything else is left untouched.
+  static const string kExpectedOutput = "1800-222-333";
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput, input);
+
+  // Try with some non-ASCII characters.
+  input.assign("1\xE3\x80\x80\xEF\xBC\x88" "800) ABC-DEF"
+               /* "1　（800) ABCD-DEF" */);
+  static const string kExpectedFullwidthOutput =
+      "1\xE3\x80\x80\xEF\xBC\x88" "800) 222-333" /* "1　（800) 222-333" */;
+  phone_util_.ConvertAlphaCharactersInNumber(&input);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedFullwidthOutput, input);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, NormaliseRemovePunctuation) {
+  string input_number("034-56&+#2" "\xC2\xAD" "34");
+  Normalize(&input_number);
+  static const string kExpectedOutput("03456234");
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput, input_number)
+      << "Conversion did not correctly remove punctuation";
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, NormaliseReplaceAlphaCharacters) {
+  string input_number("034-I-am-HUNGRY");
+  Normalize(&input_number);
+  static const string kExpectedOutput("034426486479");
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput, input_number)
+      << "Conversion did not correctly replace alpha characters";
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, NormaliseOtherDigits) {
+  // The first digit is a full-width 2, the last digit is an Arabic-indic digit
+  // 5.
+  string input_number("\xEF\xBC\x92" "5\xD9\xA5" /* "２5٥" */);
+  Normalize(&input_number);
+  static const string kExpectedOutput("255");
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput, input_number)
+      << "Conversion did not correctly replace non-latin digits";
+  // The first digit is an Eastern-Arabic 5, the latter an Eastern-Arabic 0.
+  string eastern_arabic_input_number("\xDB\xB5" "2\xDB\xB0" /* "۵2۰" */);
+  Normalize(&eastern_arabic_input_number);
+  static const string kExpectedOutput2("520");
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput2, eastern_arabic_input_number)
+      << "Conversion did not correctly replace non-latin digits";
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, NormaliseStripAlphaCharacters) {
+  string input_number("034-56&+a#234");
+  phone_util_.NormalizeDigitsOnly(&input_number);
+  static const string kExpectedOutput("03456234");
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput, input_number)
+      << "Conversion did not correctly remove alpha characters";
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, NormaliseStripNonDiallableCharacters) {
+  string input_number("03*4-56&+a#234");
+  NormalizeDiallableCharsOnly(&input_number);
+  static const string kExpectedOutput("03*456+234");
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedOutput, input_number)
+      << "Conversion did not correctly remove non-diallable characters";
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, MaybeStripInternationalPrefix) {
+  string international_prefix("00[39]");
+  string number_to_strip("0034567700-3898003");
+  // Note the dash is removed as part of the normalization.
+  string stripped_number("45677003898003");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "The number was not stripped of its international prefix.";
+
+  // Now the number no longer starts with an IDD prefix, so it should now report
+  // FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+
+  number_to_strip.assign("00945677003898003");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "The number was not stripped of its international prefix.";
+
+  // Test it works when the international prefix is broken up by spaces.
+  number_to_strip.assign("00 9 45677003898003");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "The number was not stripped of its international prefix.";
+  // Now the number no longer starts with an IDD prefix, so it should now report
+  // FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+
+  // Test the + symbol is also recognised and stripped.
+  number_to_strip.assign("+45677003898003");
+  stripped_number.assign("45677003898003");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "The number supplied was not stripped of the plus symbol.";
+
+  // If the number afterwards is a zero, we should not strip this - no country
+  // code begins with 0.
+  number_to_strip.assign("0090112-3123");
+  stripped_number.assign("00901123123");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "The number had a 0 after the match so shouldn't be stripped.";
+  // Here the 0 is separated by a space from the IDD.
+  number_to_strip.assign("009 0-112-3123");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY,
+      MaybeStripInternationalPrefixAndNormalize(international_prefix,
+                                                &number_to_strip));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode) {
+  PhoneMetadata metadata;
+  metadata.set_national_prefix_for_parsing("34");
+  metadata.mutable_general_desc()->set_national_number_pattern("\\d{4,8}");
+  string number_to_strip("34356778");
+  string stripped_number("356778");
+  string carrier_code;
+  MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, &number_to_strip,
+                                         &carrier_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "Should have had national prefix stripped.";
+  EXPECT_EQ("", carrier_code) << "Should have had no carrier code stripped.";
+  // Retry stripping - now the number should not start with the national prefix,
+  // so no more stripping should occur.
+  MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, &number_to_strip,
+                                         &carrier_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "Should have had no change - no national prefix present.";
+  // Some countries have no national prefix. Repeat test with none specified.
+  metadata.clear_national_prefix_for_parsing();
+  MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, &number_to_strip,
+                                         &carrier_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "Should have had no change - empty national prefix.";
+  // If the resultant number doesn't match the national rule, it shouldn't be
+  // stripped.
+  metadata.set_national_prefix_for_parsing("3");
+  number_to_strip.assign("3123");
+  stripped_number.assign("3123");
+  MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, &number_to_strip,
+                                         &carrier_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "Should have had no change - after stripping, it wouldn't have "
+      << "matched the national rule.";
+  // Test extracting carrier selection code.
+  metadata.set_national_prefix_for_parsing("0(81)?");
+  number_to_strip.assign("08122123456");
+  stripped_number.assign("22123456");
+  MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, &number_to_strip,
+                                         &carrier_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ("81", carrier_code) << "Should have had carrier code stripped.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "Should have had national prefix and carrier code stripped.";
+  // If there was a transform rule, check it was applied.
+  metadata.set_national_prefix_transform_rule("5$15");
+  // Note that a capturing group is present here.
+  metadata.set_national_prefix_for_parsing("0(\\d{2})");
+  number_to_strip.assign("031123");
+  string transformed_number("5315123");
+  MaybeStripNationalPrefixAndCarrierCode(metadata, &number_to_strip,
+                                         &carrier_code);
+  EXPECT_EQ(transformed_number, number_to_strip)
+      << "Was not successfully transformed.";
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, MaybeStripExtension) {
+  // One with extension.
+  string number("1234576 ext. 1234");
+  string extension;
+  string expected_extension("1234");
+  string stripped_number("1234576");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MaybeStripExtension(&number, &extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_extension, extension);
+
+  // One without extension.
+  number.assign("1234-576");
+  extension.clear();
+  stripped_number.assign("1234-576");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MaybeStripExtension(&number, &extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extension.empty());
+
+  // One with an extension caught by the second capturing group in
+  // kKnownExtnPatterns.
+  number.assign("1234576-123#");
+  extension.clear();
+  expected_extension.assign("123");
+  stripped_number.assign("1234576");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MaybeStripExtension(&number, &extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_extension, extension);
+
+  number.assign("1234576 ext.123#");
+  extension.clear();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MaybeStripExtension(&number, &extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_extension, extension);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, MaybeExtractCountryCode) {
+  PhoneNumber number;
+  const PhoneMetadata* metadata = GetPhoneMetadata(RegionCode::US());
+  // Note that for the US, the IDD is 011.
+  string phone_number("011112-3456789");
+  string stripped_number("123456789");
+  int expected_country_code = 1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD, number.country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  number.Clear();
+  phone_number.assign("+80012345678");
+  stripped_number.assign("12345678");
+  expected_country_code = 800;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN,
+            number.country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  number.Clear();
+  phone_number.assign("+6423456789");
+  stripped_number.assign("23456789");
+  expected_country_code = 64;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN,
+            number.country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  // Should not have extracted a country code - no international prefix present.
+  number.Clear();
+  expected_country_code = 0;
+  phone_number.assign("2345-6789");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY, number.country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  expected_country_code = 0;
+  phone_number.assign("0119991123456789");
+  stripped_number.assign(phone_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+
+  number.Clear();
+  phone_number.assign("(1 610) 619 4466");
+  stripped_number.assign("6106194466");
+  expected_country_code = 1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITHOUT_PLUS_SIGN,
+            number.country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  number.Clear();
+  phone_number.assign("(1 610) 619 4466");
+  stripped_number.assign("6106194466");
+  expected_country_code = 1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, false, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(number.has_country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  // Should not have extracted a country code - invalid number after extraction
+  // of uncertain country code.
+  number.Clear();
+  phone_number.assign("(1 610) 619 446");
+  stripped_number.assign("1610619446");
+  expected_country_code = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, false, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(number.has_country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+
+  number.Clear();
+  phone_number.assign("(1 610) 619");
+  stripped_number.assign("1610619");
+  expected_country_code = 0;
+  // Should not have extracted a country code - invalid number both before and
+  // after extraction of uncertain country code.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            MaybeExtractCountryCode(metadata, true, &phone_number, &number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_country_code, number.country_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY, number.country_code_source());
+  EXPECT_EQ(stripped_number, phone_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, CountryWithNoNumberDesc) {
+  string formatted_number;
+  // Andorra is a country where we don't have PhoneNumberDesc info in the
+  // metadata.
+  PhoneNumber ad_number;
+  ad_number.set_country_code(376);
+  ad_number.set_national_number(12345ULL);
+  phone_util_.Format(ad_number, PhoneNumberUtil::INTERNATIONAL,
+                     &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+376 12345", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(ad_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+37612345", formatted_number);
+  phone_util_.Format(ad_number, PhoneNumberUtil::NATIONAL, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("12345", formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::UNKNOWN, phone_util_.GetNumberType(ad_number));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(ad_number));
+
+  // Test dialing a US number from within Andorra.
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  phone_util_.FormatOutOfCountryCallingNumber(us_number, RegionCode::AD(),
+                                              &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("00 1 650 253 0000", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, UnknownCountryCallingCode) {
+  PhoneNumber invalid_number;
+  invalid_number.set_country_code(kInvalidCountryCode);
+  invalid_number.set_national_number(12345ULL);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsValidNumber(invalid_number));
+
+  // It's not very well defined as to what the E164 representation for a number
+  // with an invalid country calling code is, but just prefixing the country
+  // code and national number is about the best we can do.
+  string formatted_number;
+  phone_util_.Format(invalid_number, PhoneNumberUtil::E164, &formatted_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ("+212345", formatted_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNumberMatchMatches) {
+  // Test simple matches where formatting is different, or leading zeros, or
+  // country code has been specified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331 6005",
+                                                    "+64 03 331 6005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+800 1234 5678",
+                                                    "+80012345678"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 03 331-6005",
+                                                    "+64 03331 6005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+643 331-6005",
+                                                    "+64033316005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+643 331-6005",
+                                                    "+6433316005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005",
+                                                    "+6433316005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                "+64 3 331-6005", "tel:+64-3-331-6005;isub=123"));
+  // Test alpha numbers.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+1800 siX-Flags",
+                                                    "+1 800 7493 5247"));
+  // Test numbers with extensions.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005 extn 1234",
+                                                    "+6433316005#1234"));
+  // Test proto buffers.
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  nz_number.set_extension("3456");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(nz_number,
+                                                   "+643 331 6005 ext 3456"));
+  nz_number.clear_extension();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(nz_number,
+                                                   "+643 331 6005"));
+  // Check empty extensions are ignored.
+  nz_number.set_extension("");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(nz_number,
+                                                   "+643 331 6005"));
+  // Check variant with two proto buffers.
+  PhoneNumber nz_number_2;
+  nz_number_2.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number_2.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatch(nz_number, nz_number_2));
+
+  // Check raw_input, country_code_source and preferred_domestic_carrier_code
+  // are ignored.
+  PhoneNumber br_number_1;
+  PhoneNumber br_number_2;
+  br_number_1.set_country_code(55);
+  br_number_1.set_national_number(3121286979ULL);
+  br_number_1.set_country_code_source(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN);
+  br_number_1.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("12");
+  br_number_1.set_raw_input("012 3121286979");
+  br_number_2.set_country_code(55);
+  br_number_2.set_national_number(3121286979ULL);
+  br_number_2.set_country_code_source(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY);
+  br_number_2.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("14");
+  br_number_2.set_raw_input("143121286979");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::EXACT_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatch(br_number_1, br_number_2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNumberMatchNonMatches) {
+  // NSN matches.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("03 331 6005",
+                                                    "03 331 6006"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+800 1234 5678",
+                                                    "+1 800 1234 5678"));
+  // Different country code, partial number match.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005",
+                                                    "+16433316005"));
+  // Different country code, same number.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005",
+                                                    "+6133316005"));
+  // Extension different, all else the same.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005 extn 1234",
+                                                    "+0116433316005#1235"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                "+64 3 331-6005 extn 1234", "tel:+64-3-331-6005;ext=1235"));
+  // NSN matches, but extension is different - not the same number.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005 ext.1235",
+                                                    "3 331 6005#1234"));
+  // Invalid numbers that can't be parsed.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("4", "3 331 6043"));
+  // Invalid numbers that can't be parsed.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+43", "+64 3 331 6005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+43", "64 3 331 6005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("Dog", "64 3 331 6005"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNumberMatchNsnMatches) {
+  // NSN matches.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005",
+                                                    "03 331 6005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                "+64 3 331-6005",
+                "tel:03-331-6005;isub=1234;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  nz_number.set_extension("");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(nz_number, "03 331 6005"));
+  // Here the second number possibly starts with the country code for New
+  // Zealand, although we are unsure.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(nz_number,
+                                                   "(64-3) 331 6005"));
+
+  // Here, the 1 might be a national prefix, if we compare it to the US number,
+  // so the resultant match is an NSN match.
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(2345678901ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(us_number,
+                                                   "1-234-567-8901"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(us_number, "2345678901"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+1 234-567 8901",
+                                                    "1 234 567 8901"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("1 234-567 8901",
+                                                    "1 234 567 8901"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("1 234-567 8901",
+                                                    "+1 234 567 8901"));
+  // For this case, the match will be a short NSN match, because we cannot
+  // assume that the 1 might be a national prefix, so don't remove it when
+  // parsing.
+  PhoneNumber random_number;
+  random_number.set_country_code(41);
+  random_number.set_national_number(2345678901ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithOneString(random_number,
+                                                   "1-234-567-8901"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsNumberMatchShortNsnMatches) {
+  // Short NSN matches with the country not specified for either one or both
+  // numbers.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005",
+                                                    "331 6005"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                "+64 3 331-6005", "tel:331-6005;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+              phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                  "+64 3 331-6005",
+                  "tel:331-6005;isub=1234;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+              phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                  "+64 3 331-6005",
+                  "tel:331-6005;isub=1234;phone-context=abc.nz;a=%A1"));
+
+  // We did not know that the "0" was a national prefix since neither number has
+  // a country code, so this is considered a SHORT_NSN_MATCH.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("3 331-6005",
+                                                    "03 331 6005"));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+              phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("3 331-6005",
+                                                      "331 6005"));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+              phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings(
+                  "3 331-6005", "tel:331-6005;phone-context=abc.nz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("3 331-6005",
+                                                    "+64 331 6005"));
+
+  // Short NSN match with the country specified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("03 331-6005",
+                                                    "331 6005"));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+              phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("1 234 345 6789",
+                                                      "345 6789"));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+1 (234) 345 6789",
+                                                    "345 6789"));
+
+  // NSN matches, country code omitted for one number, extension missing for
+  // one.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatchWithTwoStrings("+64 3 331-6005",
+                                                    "3 331 6005#1234"));
+
+  // One has Italian leading zero, one does not.
+  PhoneNumber it_number_1, it_number_2;
+  it_number_1.set_country_code(39);
+  it_number_1.set_national_number(1234ULL);
+  it_number_1.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  it_number_2.set_country_code(39);
+  it_number_2.set_national_number(1234ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatch(it_number_1, it_number_2));
+
+  // One has an extension, the other has an extension of "".
+  it_number_1.set_extension("1234");
+  it_number_1.clear_italian_leading_zero();
+  it_number_2.set_extension("");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::SHORT_NSN_MATCH,
+            phone_util_.IsNumberMatch(it_number_1, it_number_2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseNationalNumber) {
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  // National prefix attached.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("033316005", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // National prefix missing.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("33316005", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // National prefix attached and some formatting present.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03-331 6005", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03 331 6005", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // Test parsing RFC3966 format with a phone context.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:331-6005;phone-context=+64-3",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:331-6005;phone-context=+64-3",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("My number is tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // Test parsing RFC3966 format with optional user-defined parameters. The
+  // parameters will appear after the context if present.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64;a=%A1",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // Test parsing RFC3966 with an ISDN subaddress.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:03-331-6005;isub=12345;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:+64-3-331-6005;isub=12345",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03-331-6005;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // Testing international prefixes.
+  // Should strip country code.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0064 3 331 6005",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // Try again, but this time we have an international number with Region Code
+  // US. It should recognise the country code and parse accordingly.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("01164 3 331 6005",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+64 3 331 6005",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  // We should ignore the leading plus here, since it is not followed by a valid
+  // country code but instead is followed by the IDD for the US.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+01164 3 331 6005",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+0064 3 331 6005",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+ 00 64 3 331 6005",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber us_local_number;
+  us_local_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_local_number.set_national_number(2530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:253-0000;phone-context=www.google.com",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_local_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse(
+                "tel:253-0000;isub=12345;phone-context=www.google.com",
+                RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_local_number, test_number);
+  // This is invalid because no "+" sign is present as part of phone-context.
+  // The phone context is simply ignored in this case just as if it contains a
+  // domain.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:2530000;isub=12345;phone-context=1-650",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_local_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:2530000;isub=12345;phone-context=1234.com",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_local_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test for http://b/issue?id=2247493
+  nz_number.Clear();
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(64123456ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+64(0)64123456",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+
+  // Check that using a "/" is fine in a phone number.
+  PhoneNumber de_number;
+  de_number.set_country_code(49);
+  de_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("123/45678", RegionCode::DE(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(de_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  // Check it doesn't use the '1' as a country code when parsing if the phone
+  // number was already possible.
+  us_number.set_national_number(1234567890ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("123-456-7890", RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test star numbers. Although this is not strictly valid, we would like to
+  // make sure we can parse the output we produce when formatting the number.
+  PhoneNumber star_number;
+  star_number.set_country_code(81);
+  star_number.set_national_number(2345ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+81 *2345", RegionCode::JP(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(star_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber short_number;
+  short_number.set_country_code(64);
+  short_number.set_national_number(12ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("12", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseNumberWithAlphaCharacters) {
+  // Test case with alpha characters.
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  PhoneNumber tollfree_number;
+  tollfree_number.set_country_code(64);
+  tollfree_number.set_national_number(800332005ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0800 DDA 005", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tollfree_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber premium_number;
+  premium_number.set_country_code(64);
+  premium_number.set_national_number(9003326005ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0900 DDA 6005", RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(premium_number, test_number);
+
+  // Not enough alpha characters for them to be considered intentional, so they
+  // are stripped.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0900 332 6005a",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(premium_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0900 332 600a5",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(premium_number, test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0900 332 600A5",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(premium_number, test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0900 a332 600A5",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(premium_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseWithInternationalPrefixes) {
+  PhoneNumber us_number;
+  us_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_number.set_national_number(6503336000ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+1 (650) 333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+1-650-333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+
+  // Calling the US number from Singapore by using different service providers
+  // 1st test: calling using SingTel IDD service (IDD is 001)
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0011-650-333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::SG(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+  // 2nd test: calling using StarHub IDD service (IDD is 008)
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0081-650-333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::SG(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+  // 3rd test: calling using SingTel V019 service (IDD is 019)
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0191-650-333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::SG(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+  // Calling the US number from Poland
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0~01-650-333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::PL(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+
+  // Using "++" at the start.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("++1 (650) 333-6000",
+                              RegionCode::PL(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+  // Using a full-width plus sign.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("\xEF\xBC\x8B" "1 (650) 333-6000",
+                              /* "＋1 (650) 333-6000" */
+                              RegionCode::SG(), &test_number));
+  // Using a soft hyphen U+00AD.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("1 (650) 333" "\xC2\xAD" "-6000",
+                              /* "1 (650) 333­-6000­" */
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+  // The whole number, including punctuation, is here represented in full-width
+  // form.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("\xEF\xBC\x8B\xEF\xBC\x91\xE3\x80\x80\xEF\xBC\x88"
+                              "\xEF\xBC\x96\xEF\xBC\x95\xEF\xBC\x90\xEF\xBC\x89"
+                              "\xE3\x80\x80\xEF\xBC\x93\xEF\xBC\x93\xEF\xBC\x93"
+                              "\xEF\xBC\x8D\xEF\xBC\x96\xEF\xBC\x90\xEF\xBC\x90"
+                              "\xEF\xBC\x90",
+                              /* "＋１　（６５０）　３３３－６０００" */
+                              RegionCode::SG(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+
+  // Using the U+30FC dash.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("\xEF\xBC\x8B\xEF\xBC\x91\xE3\x80\x80\xEF\xBC\x88"
+                              "\xEF\xBC\x96\xEF\xBC\x95\xEF\xBC\x90\xEF\xBC\x89"
+                              "\xE3\x80\x80\xEF\xBC\x93\xEF\xBC\x93\xEF\xBC\x93"
+                              "\xE3\x83\xBC\xEF\xBC\x96\xEF\xBC\x90\xEF\xBC\x90"
+                              "\xEF\xBC\x90",
+                              /* "＋１　（６５０）　３３３ー６０００" */
+                              RegionCode::SG(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber toll_free_number;
+  toll_free_number.set_country_code(800);
+  toll_free_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("011 800 1234 5678",
+                              RegionCode::US(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(toll_free_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseWithLeadingZero) {
+  PhoneNumber it_number;
+  it_number.set_country_code(39);
+  it_number.set_national_number(236618300ULL);
+  it_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+39 02-36618 300",
+                              RegionCode::NZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(it_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("02-36618 300", RegionCode::IT(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(it_number, test_number);
+
+  it_number.Clear();
+  it_number.set_country_code(39);
+  it_number.set_national_number(312345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("312 345 678", RegionCode::IT(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(it_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseNationalNumberArgentina) {
+  // Test parsing mobile numbers of Argentina.
+  PhoneNumber ar_number;
+  ar_number.set_country_code(54);
+  ar_number.set_national_number(93435551212ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+54 9 343 555 1212", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0343 15 555 1212", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+
+  ar_number.set_national_number(93715654320ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+54 9 3715 65 4320", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03715 15 65 4320", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test parsing fixed-line numbers of Argentina.
+  ar_number.set_national_number(1137970000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+54 11 3797 0000", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("011 3797 0000", RegionCode::AR(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+
+  ar_number.set_national_number(3715654321ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+54 3715 65 4321", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03715 65 4321", RegionCode::AR(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+
+  ar_number.set_national_number(2312340000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+54 23 1234 0000", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("023 1234 0000", RegionCode::AR(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseWithXInNumber) {
+  // Test that having an 'x' in the phone number at the start is ok and that it
+  // just gets removed.
+  PhoneNumber ar_number;
+  ar_number.set_country_code(54);
+  ar_number.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0123456789", RegionCode::AR(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(0) 123456789", RegionCode::AR(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0 123456789", RegionCode::AR(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(0xx) 123456789", RegionCode::AR(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber ar_from_us;
+  ar_from_us.set_country_code(54);
+  ar_from_us.set_national_number(81429712ULL);
+  // This test is intentionally constructed such that the number of digit after
+  // xx is larger than 7, so that the number won't be mistakenly treated as an
+  // extension, as we allow extensions up to 7 digits. This assumption is okay
+  // for now as all the countries where a carrier selection code is written in
+  // the form of xx have a national significant number of length larger than 7.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("011xx5481429712", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ar_from_us, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseNumbersMexico) {
+  // Test parsing fixed-line numbers of Mexico.
+  PhoneNumber mx_number;
+
+  mx_number.set_country_code(52);
+  mx_number.set_national_number(4499780001ULL);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+52 (449)978-0001", RegionCode::MX(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mx_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("01 (449)978-0001", RegionCode::MX(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mx_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(449)978-0001", RegionCode::MX(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mx_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test parsing mobile numbers of Mexico.
+  mx_number.Clear();
+  mx_number.set_country_code(52);
+  mx_number.set_national_number(13312345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+52 1 33 1234-5678", RegionCode::MX(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mx_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("044 (33) 1234-5678", RegionCode::MX(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mx_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("045 33 1234-5678", RegionCode::MX(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mx_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, FailedParseOnInvalidNumbers) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("This is not a phone number", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("1 Still not a number", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("1 MICROSOFT", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("12 MICROSOFT", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_LONG_NSN,
+            phone_util_.Parse("01495 72553301873 810104", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+---", RegionCode::DE(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+***", RegionCode::DE(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NOT_A_NUMBER,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+*******91", RegionCode::DE(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_SHORT_NSN,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+49 0", RegionCode::DE(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+210 3456 56789", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  // 00 is a correct IDD, but 210 is not a valid country code.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+ 00 210 3 331 6005", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("123 456 7890", RegionCode::GetUnknown(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("123 456 7890", RegionCode::CS(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0044-----", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0044", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+            phone_util_.Parse("011", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::TOO_SHORT_AFTER_IDD,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0119", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  // RFC3966 phone-context is a website.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:555-1234;phone-context=www.google.com",
+                              RegionCode::ZZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+  // This is invalid because no "+" sign is present as part of phone-context.
+  // This should not succeed in being parsed.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:555-1234;phone-context=1-331",
+                              RegionCode::ZZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseNumbersWithPlusWithNoRegion) {
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  // RegionCode::GetUnknown() is allowed only if the number starts with a '+' -
+  // then the country code can be calculated.
+  PhoneNumber result_proto;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+64 3 331 6005", RegionCode::GetUnknown(),
+                              &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+
+  // Test with full-width plus.
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("\xEF\xBC\x8B" "64 3 331 6005",
+                              /* "＋64 3 331 6005" */
+                              RegionCode::GetUnknown(), &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+  // Test with normal plus but leading characters that need to be stripped.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("  +64 3 331 6005", RegionCode::GetUnknown(),
+                              &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+
+  PhoneNumber toll_free_number;
+  toll_free_number.set_country_code(800);
+  toll_free_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+800 1234 5678",
+                              RegionCode::GetUnknown(), &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(toll_free_number, result_proto);
+
+  PhoneNumber universal_premium_rate;
+  universal_premium_rate.set_country_code(979);
+  universal_premium_rate.set_national_number(123456789ULL);
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+979 123 456 789",
+                              RegionCode::GetUnknown(), &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(universal_premium_rate, result_proto);
+
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  // Test parsing RFC3966 format with a phone context.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::GetUnknown(), &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("  tel:03-331-6005;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::GetUnknown(), &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:03-331-6005;isub=12345;phone-context=+64",
+                              RegionCode::GetUnknown(), &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+
+  nz_number.set_raw_input("+64 3 331 6005");
+  nz_number.set_country_code_source(PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN);
+  // It is important that we set this to an empty string, since we used
+  // ParseAndKeepRawInput and no carrrier code was found.
+  nz_number.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("");
+  result_proto.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("+64 3 331 6005",
+                                             RegionCode::GetUnknown(),
+                                             &result_proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, result_proto);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseNumberTooShortIfNationalPrefixStripped) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+
+  // Test that a number whose first digits happen to coincide with the national
+  // prefix does not get them stripped if doing so would result in a number too
+  // short to be a possible (regular length) phone number for that region.
+  PhoneNumber by_number;
+  by_number.set_country_code(375);
+  by_number.set_national_number(8123L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("8123", RegionCode::BY(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(by_number, test_number);
+  by_number.set_national_number(81234L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("81234", RegionCode::BY(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(by_number, test_number);
+
+  // The prefix doesn't get stripped, since the input is a viable 6-digit
+  // number, whereas the result of stripping is only 5 digits.
+  by_number.set_national_number(812345L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("812345", RegionCode::BY(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(by_number, test_number);
+
+  // The prefix gets stripped, since only 6-digit numbers are possible.
+  by_number.set_national_number(123456L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("8123456", RegionCode::BY(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(by_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseExtensions) {
+  PhoneNumber nz_number;
+  nz_number.set_country_code(64);
+  nz_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  nz_number.set_extension("3456");
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03 331 6005 ext 3456", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03 331 6005x3456", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03-331 6005 int.3456", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("03 331 6005 #3456", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nz_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test the following do not extract extensions:
+  PhoneNumber non_extn_number;
+  non_extn_number.set_country_code(1);
+  non_extn_number.set_national_number(80074935247ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("1800 six-flags", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(non_extn_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("1800 SIX-FLAGS", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(non_extn_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0~0 1800 7493 5247", RegionCode::PL(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(non_extn_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(1800) 7493.5247", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(non_extn_number, test_number);
+
+  // Check that the last instance of an extension token is matched.
+  PhoneNumber extn_number;
+  extn_number.set_country_code(1);
+  extn_number.set_national_number(80074935247ULL);
+  extn_number.set_extension("1234");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0~0 1800 7493 5247 ~1234", RegionCode::PL(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(extn_number, test_number);
+
+  // Verifying bug-fix where the last digit of a number was previously omitted
+  // if it was a 0 when extracting the extension. Also verifying a few different
+  // cases of extensions.
+  PhoneNumber uk_number;
+  uk_number.set_country_code(44);
+  uk_number.set_national_number(2034567890ULL);
+  uk_number.set_extension("456");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890x456", RegionCode::NZ(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890x456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890 x456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890 X456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890 X 456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890 X   456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890 x 456  ", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44 2034567890  X 456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44-2034567890;ext=456", RegionCode::GB(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("tel:2034567890;ext=456;phone-context=+44",
+                              RegionCode::ZZ(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+
+  // Full-width extension, "extn" only.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse(
+                "+442034567890\xEF\xBD\x85\xEF\xBD\x98\xEF\xBD\x94\xEF\xBD\x8E"
+                "456", RegionCode::GB(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  // "xtn" only.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse(
+                "+44-2034567890\xEF\xBD\x98\xEF\xBD\x94\xEF\xBD\x8E""456",
+                RegionCode::GB(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+  // "xt" only.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+44-2034567890\xEF\xBD\x98\xEF\xBD\x94""456",
+                              RegionCode::GB(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uk_number, test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber us_with_extension;
+  us_with_extension.set_country_code(1);
+  us_with_extension.set_national_number(8009013355ULL);
+  us_with_extension.set_extension("7246433");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 x 7246433", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 , ext 7246433", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 ,extension 7246433",
+                              RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 ,extensi\xC3\xB3n 7246433",
+                              /* "(800) 901-3355 ,extensión 7246433" */
+                              RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+  // Repeat with the small letter o with acute accent created by combining
+  // characters.
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 ,extensio\xCC\x81n 7246433",
+                              /* "(800) 901-3355 ,extensión 7246433" */
+                              RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 , 7246433", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(800) 901-3355 ext: 7246433", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+
+  // Test that if a number has two extensions specified, we ignore the second.
+  PhoneNumber us_with_two_extensions_number;
+  us_with_two_extensions_number.set_country_code(1);
+  us_with_two_extensions_number.set_national_number(2121231234ULL);
+  us_with_two_extensions_number.set_extension("508");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(212)123-1234 x508/x1234", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_two_extensions_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(212)123-1234 x508/ x1234", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_two_extensions_number, test_number);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("(212)123-1234 x508\\x1234", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_two_extensions_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test parsing numbers in the form (645) 123-1234-910# works, where the last
+  // 3 digits before the # are an extension.
+  us_with_extension.Clear();
+  us_with_extension.set_country_code(1);
+  us_with_extension.set_national_number(6451231234ULL);
+  us_with_extension.set_extension("910");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("+1 (645) 123 1234-910#", RegionCode::US(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(us_with_extension, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseAndKeepRaw) {
+  PhoneNumber alpha_numeric_number;
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code(1);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(80074935247ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("800 six-flags");
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code_source(
+      PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("");
+
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("800 six-flags", RegionCode::US(),
+                                             &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(alpha_numeric_number, test_number);
+
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_national_number(8007493524ULL);
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("1800 six-flag");
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code_source(
+      PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITHOUT_PLUS_SIGN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("1800 six-flag", RegionCode::US(),
+                                             &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(alpha_numeric_number, test_number);
+
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("+1800 six-flag");
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code_source(
+      PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_PLUS_SIGN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("+1800 six-flag", RegionCode::CN(),
+                                             &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(alpha_numeric_number, test_number);
+
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_raw_input("001800 six-flag");
+  alpha_numeric_number.set_country_code_source(
+      PhoneNumber::FROM_NUMBER_WITH_IDD);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("001800 six-flag",
+                                             RegionCode::NZ(),
+                                             &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(alpha_numeric_number, test_number);
+
+  // Try with invalid region - expect failure. We clear the test number first
+  // because if parsing isn't successful, the number parsed in won't be changed.
+  test_number.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::INVALID_COUNTRY_CODE_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("123 456 7890", RegionCode::CS(), &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumber::default_instance(), test_number);
+
+  PhoneNumber korean_number;
+  korean_number.set_country_code(82);
+  korean_number.set_national_number(22123456);
+  korean_number.set_raw_input("08122123456");
+  korean_number.set_country_code_source(PhoneNumber::FROM_DEFAULT_COUNTRY);
+  korean_number.set_preferred_domestic_carrier_code("81");
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.ParseAndKeepRawInput("08122123456",
+                                             RegionCode::KR(),
+                                             &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(korean_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, ParseItalianLeadingZeros) {
+  PhoneNumber zeros_number;
+  zeros_number.set_country_code(61);
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+
+  // Test the number "011".
+  zeros_number.set_national_number(11L);
+  zeros_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("011", RegionCode::AU(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zeros_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test the number "001".
+  zeros_number.set_national_number(1L);
+  zeros_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  zeros_number.set_number_of_leading_zeros(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("001", RegionCode::AU(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zeros_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test the number "000". This number has 2 leading zeros.
+  zeros_number.set_national_number(0L);
+  zeros_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  zeros_number.set_number_of_leading_zeros(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("000", RegionCode::AU(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zeros_number, test_number);
+
+  // Test the number "0000". This number has 3 leading zeros.
+  zeros_number.set_national_number(0L);
+  zeros_number.set_italian_leading_zero(true);
+  zeros_number.set_number_of_leading_zeros(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PhoneNumberUtil::NO_PARSING_ERROR,
+            phone_util_.Parse("0000", RegionCode::AU(),
+                              &test_number));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zeros_number, test_number);
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, CanBeInternationallyDialled) {
+  PhoneNumber test_number;
+  test_number.set_country_code(1);
+
+  // We have no-international-dialling rules for the US in our test metadata
+  // that say that toll-free numbers cannot be dialled internationally.
+  test_number.set_national_number(8002530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(CanBeInternationallyDialled(test_number));
+
+  // Normal US numbers can be internationally dialled.
+  test_number.set_national_number(6502530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanBeInternationallyDialled(test_number));
+
+  // Invalid number.
+  test_number.set_national_number(2530000ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanBeInternationallyDialled(test_number));
+
+  // We have no data for NZ - should return true.
+  test_number.set_country_code(64);
+  test_number.set_national_number(33316005ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanBeInternationallyDialled(test_number));
+
+  test_number.set_country_code(800);
+  test_number.set_national_number(12345678ULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanBeInternationallyDialled(test_number));
+}
+
+TEST_F(PhoneNumberUtilTest, IsAlphaNumber) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("1800 six-flags"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("1800 six-flags ext. 1234"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("+800 six-flags"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("180 six-flags"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("1800 123-1234"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("1 six-flags"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("18 six-flags"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("1800 123-1234 extension: 1234"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(phone_util_.IsAlphaNumber("+800 1234-1234"));
+}
+
+}  // namespace phonenumbers
+}  // namespace i18n