passenger_dudemeister 3.0.1

data/ext/common/Utils/utf8/unchecked.h

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+// Copyright 2006 Nemanja Trifunovic
+// UTF-8 CPP 2.3
+
+/*
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
+this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
+execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+do so, all subject to the following:
+
+The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+a source language processor.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef UTF8_FOR_CPP_UNCHECKED_H_2675DCD0_9480_4c0c_B92A_CC14C027B731
+#define UTF8_FOR_CPP_UNCHECKED_H_2675DCD0_9480_4c0c_B92A_CC14C027B731
+
+#include <Utils/utf8/core.h>
+
+namespace utf8
+{
+    namespace unchecked 
+    {
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+        octet_iterator append(uint32_t cp, octet_iterator result)
+        {
+            if (cp < 0x80)                        // one octet
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>(cp);  
+            else if (cp < 0x800) {                // two octets
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>((cp >> 6)          | 0xc0);
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>((cp & 0x3f)        | 0x80);
+            }
+            else if (cp < 0x10000) {              // three octets
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>((cp >> 12)         | 0xe0);
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>(((cp >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>((cp & 0x3f)        | 0x80);
+            }
+            else {                                // four octets
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>((cp >> 18)         | 0xf0);
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>(((cp >> 12) & 0x3f)| 0x80);
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>(((cp >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
+                *(result++) = static_cast<uint8_t>((cp & 0x3f)        | 0x80);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+        uint32_t next(octet_iterator& it)
+        {
+            uint32_t cp = internal::mask8(*it);
+            typename std::iterator_traits<octet_iterator>::difference_type length = utf8::internal::sequence_length(it);
+            switch (length) {
+                case 1:
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    it++;
+                    cp = ((cp << 6) & 0x7ff) + ((*it) & 0x3f);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    ++it; 
+                    cp = ((cp << 12) & 0xffff) + ((internal::mask8(*it) << 6) & 0xfff);
+                    ++it;
+                    cp += (*it) & 0x3f;
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    ++it;
+                    cp = ((cp << 18) & 0x1fffff) + ((internal::mask8(*it) << 12) & 0x3ffff);                
+                    ++it;
+                    cp += (internal::mask8(*it) << 6) & 0xfff;
+                    ++it;
+                    cp += (*it) & 0x3f; 
+                    break;
+            }
+            ++it;
+            return cp;        
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+        uint32_t peek_next(octet_iterator it)
+        {
+            return next(it);    
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+        uint32_t prior(octet_iterator& it)
+        {
+            while (internal::is_trail(*(--it))) ;
+            octet_iterator temp = it;
+            return next(temp);
+        }
+
+        // Deprecated in versions that include prior, but only for the sake of consistency (see utf8::previous)
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+        inline uint32_t previous(octet_iterator& it)
+        {
+            return prior(it);
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator, typename distance_type>
+        void advance (octet_iterator& it, distance_type n)
+        {
+            for (distance_type i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                next(it);
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+        typename std::iterator_traits<octet_iterator>::difference_type
+        distance (octet_iterator first, octet_iterator last)
+        {
+            typename std::iterator_traits<octet_iterator>::difference_type dist;
+            for (dist = 0; first < last; ++dist) 
+                next(first);
+            return dist;
+        }
+
+        template <typename u16bit_iterator, typename octet_iterator>
+        octet_iterator utf16to8 (u16bit_iterator start, u16bit_iterator end, octet_iterator result)
+        {       
+            while (start != end) {
+                uint32_t cp = internal::mask16(*start++);
+            // Take care of surrogate pairs first
+                if (internal::is_lead_surrogate(cp)) {
+                    uint32_t trail_surrogate = internal::mask16(*start++);
+                    cp = (cp << 10) + trail_surrogate + internal::SURROGATE_OFFSET;
+                }
+                result = append(cp, result);
+            }
+            return result;         
+        }
+
+        template <typename u16bit_iterator, typename octet_iterator>
+        u16bit_iterator utf8to16 (octet_iterator start, octet_iterator end, u16bit_iterator result)
+        {
+            while (start < end) {
+                uint32_t cp = next(start);
+                if (cp > 0xffff) { //make a surrogate pair
+                    *result++ = static_cast<uint16_t>((cp >> 10)   + internal::LEAD_OFFSET);
+                    *result++ = static_cast<uint16_t>((cp & 0x3ff) + internal::TRAIL_SURROGATE_MIN);
+                }
+                else
+                    *result++ = static_cast<uint16_t>(cp);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator, typename u32bit_iterator>
+        octet_iterator utf32to8 (u32bit_iterator start, u32bit_iterator end, octet_iterator result)
+        {
+            while (start != end)
+                result = append(*(start++), result);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        template <typename octet_iterator, typename u32bit_iterator>
+        u32bit_iterator utf8to32 (octet_iterator start, octet_iterator end, u32bit_iterator result)
+        {
+            while (start < end)
+                (*result++) = next(start);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // The iterator class
+        template <typename octet_iterator>
+          class iterator : public std::iterator <std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, uint32_t> { 
+            octet_iterator it;
+            public:
+            iterator () {};
+            explicit iterator (const octet_iterator& octet_it): it(octet_it) {}
+            // the default "big three" are OK
+            octet_iterator base () const { return it; }
+            uint32_t operator * () const
+            {
+                octet_iterator temp = it;
+                return next(temp);
+            }
+            bool operator == (const iterator& rhs) const 
+            { 
+                return (it == rhs.it);
+            }
+            bool operator != (const iterator& rhs) const
+            {
+                return !(operator == (rhs));
+            }
+            iterator& operator ++ () 
+            {
+                std::advance(it, internal::sequence_length(it));
+                return *this;
+            }
+            iterator operator ++ (int)
+            {
+                iterator temp = *this;
+                std::advance(it, internal::sequence_length(it));
+                return temp;
+            }  
+            iterator& operator -- ()
+            {
+                prior(it);
+                return *this;
+            }
+            iterator operator -- (int)
+            {
+                iterator temp = *this;
+                prior(it);
+                return temp;
+            }
+          }; // class iterator
+
+    } // namespace utf8::unchecked
+} // namespace utf8 
+
+
+#endif // header guard
+

data/ext/common/Watchdog.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+/*
+ *  Phusion Passenger - http://www.modrails.com/
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 Phusion
+ *
+ *  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ *  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ *  THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include <oxt/thread.hpp>
+#include <oxt/system_calls.hpp>
+#include <boost/function.hpp>
+#include <boost/bind.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+#include "Constants.h"
+#include "AgentBase.h"
+#include "ServerInstanceDir.h"
+#include "FileDescriptor.h"
+#include "MessageChannel.h"
+#include "Constants.h"
+#include "RandomGenerator.h"
+#include "Logging.h"
+#include "Exceptions.h"
+#include "ResourceLocator.h"
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "Utils/Base64.h"
+#include "Utils/Timer.h"
+#include "Utils/ScopeGuard.h"
+#include "Utils/IOUtils.h"
+#include "Utils/VariantMap.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace boost;
+using namespace oxt;
+using namespace Passenger;
+
+
+/** The options that were passed to AgentsStarter. */
+static VariantMap     agentsOptions;
+static string         webServerType;        // "apache" or "nginx"
+static unsigned int   logLevel;
+static pid_t   webServerPid;
+static string  tempDir;
+static bool    userSwitching;
+static string  defaultUser;
+static string  defaultGroup;
+static uid_t   webServerWorkerUid;
+static gid_t   webServerWorkerGid;
+static string  passengerRoot;
+static string  rubyCommand;
+static unsigned int maxPoolSize;
+static unsigned int maxInstancesPerApp;
+static unsigned int poolIdleTime;
+static string  serializedPrestartURLs;
+
+static ServerInstanceDirPtr serverInstanceDir;
+static ServerInstanceDir::GenerationPtr generation;
+static string loggingAgentAddress;
+static string loggingAgentPassword;
+static RandomGenerator *randomGenerator;
+static EventFd *errorEvent;
+
+#define REQUEST_SOCKET_PASSWORD_SIZE     64
+
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for watching agent processes.
+ */
+class AgentWatcher {
+private:
+	/** The watcher thread. */
+	oxt::thread *thr;
+	
+	void threadMain() {
+		try {
+			pid_t pid, ret;
+			int status;
+			
+			while (!this_thread::interruption_requested()) {
+				lock.lock();
+				pid = this->pid;
+				lock.unlock();
+				
+				// Process can be started before the watcher thread is launched.
+				if (pid == 0) {
+					pid = start();
+				}
+				ret = syscalls::waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+				
+				lock.lock();
+				this->pid = 0;
+				lock.unlock();
+				
+				this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+				this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+				if (ret == -1) {
+					P_WARN(name() << " crashed or killed for "
+						"an unknown reason, restarting it...");
+				} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+					if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
+						/* When the web server is gracefully exiting, it will
+						 * tell one or more agents to gracefully exit with exit
+						 * status 0. If we see this then it means the watchdog
+						 * is gracefully shutting down too and we should stop
+						 * watching.
+						 */
+						return;
+					} else {
+						P_WARN(name() << " crashed with exit status " <<
+							WEXITSTATUS(status) << ", restarting it...");
+					}
+				} else {
+					P_WARN(name() << " crashed with signal " <<
+						getSignalName(WTERMSIG(status)) <<
+						", restarting it...");
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (const boost::thread_interrupted &) {
+		} catch (const tracable_exception &e) {
+			lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+			threadExceptionMessage = e.what();
+			threadExceptionBacktrace = e.backtrace();
+			errorEvent->notify();
+		} catch (const std::exception &e) {
+			lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+			threadExceptionMessage = e.what();
+			errorEvent->notify();
+		} catch (...) {
+			lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+			threadExceptionMessage = "Unknown error";
+			errorEvent->notify();
+		}
+	}
+	
+protected:
+	/** PID of the process we're watching. 0 if no process is started at this time. */
+	pid_t pid;
+	
+	/** If the watcher thread threw an uncaught exception then its information will
+	 * be stored here so that the main thread can check whether a watcher encountered
+	 * an error. These are empty strings if everything is OK.
+	 */
+	string threadExceptionMessage;
+	string threadExceptionBacktrace;
+	
+	/** The agent process's feedback fd. */
+	FileDescriptor feedbackFd;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Lock for protecting the exchange of data between the main thread and
+	 * the watcher thread.
+	 */
+	mutable boost::mutex lock;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Returns the filename of the agent process's executable. This method may be
+	 * called in a forked child process and may therefore not allocate memory.
+	 */
+	virtual string getExeFilename() const = 0;
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method is to exec() the agent with the right arguments.
+	 * It is called from within a forked child process, so don't do any dynamic
+	 * memory allocations in here. It must also not throw any exceptions.
+	 * It must also preserve the value of errno after exec() is called.
+	 */
+	virtual void execProgram() const {
+		execl(getExeFilename().c_str(),
+			getExeFilename().c_str(),
+			"3",  // feedback fd
+			(char *) 0);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method is to send startup arguments to the agent process through
+	 * the given file descriptor, which is the agent process's feedback fd.
+	 * May throw arbitrary exceptions.
+	 */
+	virtual void sendStartupArguments(pid_t pid, FileDescriptor &fd) = 0;
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method is to process the startup info that the agent process has
+	 * sent back. May throw arbitrary exceptions.
+	 */
+	virtual bool processStartupInfo(pid_t pid, FileDescriptor &fd, const vector<string> &args) = 0;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Kill a process with SIGKILL, and attempt to kill its children too. 
+	 * Then wait until it has quit.
+	 */
+	static void killAndWait(pid_t pid) {
+		this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+		this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+		// If the process is a process group leader then killing the
+		// group will likely kill all its child processes too.
+		if (syscalls::killpg(pid, SIGKILL) == -1) {
+			syscalls::kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+		}
+		syscalls::waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Behaves like <tt>waitpid(pid, status, WNOHANG)</tt>, but waits at most
+	 * <em>timeout</em> miliseconds for the process to exit.
+	 */
+	static int timedWaitPid(pid_t pid, int *status, unsigned long long timeout) {
+		Timer timer;
+		int ret;
+		
+		do {
+			ret = syscalls::waitpid(pid, status, WNOHANG);
+			if (ret > 0 || ret == -1) {
+				return ret;
+			} else {
+				syscalls::usleep(10000);
+			}
+		} while (timer.elapsed() < timeout);
+		return 0; // timed out
+	}
+	
+public:
+	AgentWatcher() {
+		thr = NULL;
+		pid = 0;
+	}
+	
+	virtual ~AgentWatcher() {
+		delete thr;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Send the started agent process's startup information over the given channel,
+	 * to the starter process. May throw arbitrary exceptions.
+	 *
+	 * @pre start() has been called and succeeded.
+	 */
+	virtual void sendStartupInfo(MessageChannel &channel) = 0;
+	
+	/** Returns the name of the agent that this class is watching. */
+	virtual const char *name() const = 0;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Starts the agent process. May throw arbitrary exceptions.
+	 */
+	virtual pid_t start() {
+		this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+		this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+		string exeFilename = getExeFilename();
+		SocketPair fds;
+		int e, ret;
+		pid_t pid;
+		
+		/* Create feedback fd for this agent process. We'll send some startup
+		 * arguments to this agent process through this fd, and we'll receive
+		 * startup information through it as well.
+		 */
+		fds = createUnixSocketPair();
+		
+		pid = syscalls::fork();
+		if (pid == 0) {
+			// Child
+			
+			/* Make sure file descriptor FEEDBACK_FD refers to the newly created
+			 * feedback fd (fds[1]) and close all other file descriptors.
+			 * In this child process we don't care about the original FEEDBACK_FD
+			 * (which is the Watchdog's communication channel to the agents starter.)
+			 *
+			 * fds[1] is guaranteed to be != FEEDBACK_FD because the watchdog
+			 * is started with FEEDBACK_FD already assigned.
+			 */
+			syscalls::close(fds[0]);
+			
+			if (syscalls::dup2(fds[1], FEEDBACK_FD) == -1) {
+				/* Something went wrong, report error through feedback fd. */
+				e = errno;
+				try {
+					MessageChannel(fds[1]).write("system error before exec",
+						"dup2() failed",
+						toString(e).c_str(),
+						NULL);
+					_exit(1);
+				} catch (...) {
+					fprintf(stderr, "Passenger Watchdog: dup2() failed: %s (%d)\n",
+						strerror(e), e);
+					fflush(stderr);
+					_exit(1);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			closeAllFileDescriptors(FEEDBACK_FD);
+			
+			/* Become the process group leader so that the watchdog can kill the
+			 * agent as well as all its descendant processes. */
+			setpgid(getpid(), getpid());
+			
+			try {
+				execProgram();
+			} catch (...) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "PassengerWatchdog: execProgram() threw an exception\n");
+				fflush(stderr);
+				_exit(1);
+			}
+			e = errno;
+			try {
+				MessageChannel(FEEDBACK_FD).write("exec error",
+					toString(e).c_str(), NULL);
+			} catch (...) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Passenger Watchdog: could not execute %s: %s (%d)\n",
+					exeFilename.c_str(), strerror(e), e);
+				fflush(stderr);
+			}
+			_exit(1);
+		} else if (pid == -1) {
+			// Error
+			e = errno;
+			throw SystemException("Cannot fork a new process", e);
+		} else {
+			// Parent
+			FileDescriptor feedbackFd = fds[0];
+			vector<string> args;
+			
+			fds[1].close();
+			this_thread::restore_interruption ri(di);
+			this_thread::restore_syscall_interruption rsi(dsi);
+			ScopeGuard failGuard(boost::bind(killAndWait, pid));
+			
+			/* Send startup arguments. Ignore EPIPE and ECONNRESET here
+			 * because the child process might have sent an feedback message
+			 * without reading startup arguments.
+			 */
+			try {
+				sendStartupArguments(pid, feedbackFd);
+			} catch (const SystemException &ex) {
+				if (ex.code() != EPIPE && ex.code() != ECONNRESET) {
+					throw SystemException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						": an error occurred while sending startup arguments",
+						ex.code());
+				}
+			}
+			
+			// Now read its feedback.
+			try {
+				ret = MessageChannel(feedbackFd).read(args);
+			} catch (const SystemException &e) {
+				if (e.code() == ECONNRESET) {
+					ret = false;
+				} else {
+					throw SystemException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						": unable to read its startup information",
+						e.code());
+				}
+			}
+			if (!ret) {
+				this_thread::disable_interruption di2;
+				this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi2;
+				int status;
+				
+				/* The feedback fd was prematurely closed for an unknown reason.
+				 * Did the agent process crash?
+				 *
+				 * We use timedWaitPid() here because if the process crashed
+				 * because of an uncaught exception, the file descriptor
+				 * might be closed before the process has printed an error
+				 * message, so we give it some time to print the error
+				 * before we kill it.
+				 */
+				ret = timedWaitPid(pid, &status, 5000);
+				if (ret == 0) {
+					/* Doesn't look like it; it seems it's still running.
+					 * We can't do anything without proper feedback so kill
+					 * the agent process and throw an exception.
+					 */
+					failGuard.runNow();
+					throw RuntimeException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						": it froze and reported an unknown error during its startup");
+				} else if (ret != -1 && WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+					/* Looks like a crash which caused a signal. */
+					throw RuntimeException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						": it seems to have been killed with signal " +
+						getSignalName(WTERMSIG(status)) + " during startup");
+				} else if (ret == -1) {
+					/* Looks like it exited after detecting an error. */
+					throw RuntimeException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						": it seems to have crashed during startup for an unknown reason");
+				} else {
+					/* Looks like it exited after detecting an error, but has an exit code. */
+					throw RuntimeException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						": it seems to have crashed during startup for an unknown reason, "
+						"with exit code " + toString(WEXITSTATUS(status)));
+				}
+			}
+			
+			if (args[0] == "system error before exec") {
+				throw SystemException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+					": " + args[1], atoi(args[2]));
+			} else if (args[0] == "exec error") {
+				e = atoi(args[1]);
+				if (e == ENOENT) {
+					throw RuntimeException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						" because its executable (" + getExeFilename() + ") "
+						"doesn't exist. This probably means that your "
+						"Phusion Passenger installation is broken or "
+						"incomplete. Please reinstall Phusion Passenger");
+				} else {
+					throw SystemException(string("Unable to start the ") + name() +
+						" because exec(\"" + getExeFilename() + "\") failed",
+						atoi(args[1]));
+				}
+			} else if (!processStartupInfo(pid, feedbackFd, args)) {
+				throw RuntimeException(string("The ") + name() +
+					" sent an unknown startup info message '" +
+					args[0] + "'");
+			}
+			
+			lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+			this->feedbackFd = feedbackFd;
+			this->pid = pid;
+			failGuard.clear();
+			return pid;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Start watching the agent process.
+	 *
+	 * @pre start() has been called and succeeded.
+	 * @pre This watcher isn't already watching.
+	 * @throws RuntimeException If a precondition failed.
+	 * @throws thread_interrupted
+	 * @throws thread_resource_error
+	 */
+	virtual void startWatching() {
+		lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+		if (pid == 0) {
+			throw RuntimeException("start() hasn't been called yet");
+		}
+		if (thr != NULL) {
+			throw RuntimeException("Already started watching.");
+		}
+		
+		/* Don't make the stack any smaller, getpwnam() on OS
+		 * X needs a lot of stack space.
+		 */
+		thr = new oxt::thread(boost::bind(&AgentWatcher::threadMain, this),
+			name(), 64 * 1024);
+	}
+	
+	static void stopWatching(vector<AgentWatcher *> &watchers) {
+		vector<AgentWatcher *>::const_iterator it;
+		oxt::thread *threads[watchers.size()];
+		unsigned int i = 0;
+		
+		for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++, i++) {
+			threads[i] = (*it)->thr;
+		}
+		
+		oxt::thread::interrupt_and_join_multiple(threads, watchers.size());
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Force the agent process to shut down. Returns true if it was shut down,
+	 * or false if it wasn't started.
+	 */
+	virtual bool forceShutdown() {
+		lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+		if (pid == 0) {
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			killAndWait(pid);
+			this->pid = 0;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * If the watcher thread has encountered an error, then the error message
+	 * will be stored here. If the error message is empty then it means
+	 * everything is still OK.
+	 */
+	string getErrorMessage() const {
+		lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+		return threadExceptionMessage;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * The error backtrace, if applicable.
+	 */
+	string getErrorBacktrace() const {
+		lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+		return threadExceptionBacktrace;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Returns the agent process feedback fd, or -1 if the agent process
+	 * hasn't been started yet. Can be used to check whether this agent process
+	 * has exited without using waitpid().
+	 */
+	const FileDescriptor getFeedbackFd() const {
+		lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(lock);
+		return feedbackFd;
+	}
+};
+
+
+class HelperAgentWatcher: public AgentWatcher {
+protected:
+	string requestSocketFilename;
+	string messageSocketFilename;
+	string helperAgentFilename;
+	string requestSocketPassword;
+	string messageSocketPassword;
+	
+	virtual const char *name() const {
+		return "Phusion Passenger helper agent";
+	}
+	
+	virtual string getExeFilename() const {
+		return helperAgentFilename;
+	}
+	
+	virtual void execProgram() const {
+		execl(helperAgentFilename.c_str(), "PassengerHelperAgent", (char *) 0);
+	}
+	
+	virtual void sendStartupArguments(pid_t pid, FileDescriptor &fd) {
+		VariantMap options = agentsOptions;
+		options.set("request_socket_password", Base64::encode(requestSocketPassword)).
+			set("message_socket_password", Base64::encode(messageSocketPassword)).
+			set("logging_agent_address", loggingAgentAddress).
+			set("logging_agent_password", loggingAgentPassword);
+		options.writeToFd(fd);
+	}
+	
+	virtual bool processStartupInfo(pid_t pid, FileDescriptor &fd, const vector<string> &args) {
+		if (args[0] == "initialized") {
+			requestSocketFilename = args[1];
+			messageSocketFilename = args[2];
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+public:
+	HelperAgentWatcher(const ResourceLocator &resourceLocator) {
+		if (agentsOptions.get("web_server_type") == "apache") {
+			helperAgentFilename = resourceLocator.getAgentsDir() + "/apache2/PassengerHelperAgent";
+		} else {
+			helperAgentFilename = resourceLocator.getAgentsDir() + "/nginx/PassengerHelperAgent";
+		}
+		requestSocketPassword = randomGenerator->generateByteString(REQUEST_SOCKET_PASSWORD_SIZE);
+		messageSocketPassword = randomGenerator->generateByteString(MESSAGE_SERVER_MAX_PASSWORD_SIZE);
+	}
+	
+	virtual void sendStartupInfo(MessageChannel &channel) {
+		channel.write("HelperAgent info",
+			requestSocketFilename.c_str(),
+			Base64::encode(requestSocketPassword).c_str(),
+			messageSocketFilename.c_str(),
+			Base64::encode(messageSocketPassword).c_str(),
+			NULL);
+	}
+};
+
+
+class LoggingAgentWatcher: public AgentWatcher {
+protected:
+	string agentFilename;
+	string socketAddress;
+	
+	virtual const char *name() const {
+		return "Phusion Passenger logging agent";
+	}
+	
+	virtual string getExeFilename() const {
+		return agentFilename;
+	}
+	
+	virtual void execProgram() const {
+		execl(agentFilename.c_str(), "PassengerLoggingAgent", (char *) 0);
+	}
+	
+	virtual void sendStartupArguments(pid_t pid, FileDescriptor &fd) {
+		VariantMap options = agentsOptions;
+		options.set("logging_agent_address", loggingAgentAddress);
+		options.set("logging_agent_password", loggingAgentPassword);
+		options.writeToFd(fd);
+	}
+	
+	virtual bool processStartupInfo(pid_t pid, FileDescriptor &fd, const vector<string> &args) {
+		if (args[0] == "initialized") {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+public:
+	LoggingAgentWatcher(const ResourceLocator &resourceLocator) {
+		agentFilename = resourceLocator.getAgentsDir() + "/PassengerLoggingAgent";
+	}
+	
+	virtual void sendStartupInfo(MessageChannel &channel) {
+		channel.write("LoggingServer info",
+			loggingAgentAddress.c_str(),
+			loggingAgentPassword.c_str(),
+			NULL);
+	}
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Touch all files in the server instance dir every 6 hours in order to prevent /tmp
+ * cleaners from weaking havoc:
+ * http://code.google.com/p/phusion-passenger/issues/detail?id=365
+ */
+class ServerInstanceDirToucher {
+private:
+	oxt::thread *thr;
+	
+	static void
+	threadMain() {
+		while (!this_thread::interruption_requested()) {
+			syscalls::sleep(60 * 60 * 6);
+			
+			begin_touch:
+			
+			this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+			this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+			// Fork a process which touches everything in the server instance dir.
+			pid_t pid = syscalls::fork();
+			if (pid == 0) {
+				// Child
+				int prio, ret, e;
+				
+				closeAllFileDescriptors(2);
+				
+				// Make process nicer.
+				do {
+					prio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, getpid());
+				} while (prio == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+				if (prio != -1) {
+					prio++;
+					if (prio > 20) {
+						prio = 20;
+					}
+					do {
+						ret = setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, getpid(), prio);
+					} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+				} else {
+					perror("getpriority");
+				}
+				
+				do {
+					ret = chdir(serverInstanceDir->getPath().c_str());
+				} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+				if (ret == -1) {
+					e = errno;
+					fprintf(stderr, "chdir(\"%s\") failed: %s (%d)\n",
+						serverInstanceDir->getPath().c_str(),
+						strerror(e), e);
+					fflush(stderr);
+					_exit(1);
+				}
+				
+				execlp("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", "-c", "find . | xargs touch", (char *) 0);
+				e = errno;
+				fprintf(stderr, "Cannot execute 'find . | xargs touch': %s (%d)\n",
+					strerror(e), e);
+				fflush(stderr);
+				_exit(1);
+			} else if (pid == -1) {
+				// Error
+				P_WARN("Could touch the server instance directory because "
+					"fork() failed. Retrying in 2 minutes...");
+				this_thread::restore_interruption si(di);
+				this_thread::restore_syscall_interruption rsi(dsi);
+				syscalls::sleep(60 * 2);
+				goto begin_touch;
+			} else {
+				syscalls::waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+public:
+	ServerInstanceDirToucher() {
+		thr = new oxt::thread(threadMain, "Server instance dir toucher", 96 * 1024);
+	}
+	
+	~ServerInstanceDirToucher() {
+		thr->interrupt_and_join();
+		delete thr;
+	}
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Most operating systems overcommit memory. We *know* that this watchdog process
+ * doesn't use much memory; on OS X it uses about 200 KB of private RSS. If the
+ * watchdog is killed by the system Out-Of-Memory Killer or then it's all over:
+ * the system administrator will have to restart the web server for Phusion
+ * Passenger to be usable again. So in this function we do whatever is necessary
+ * to prevent this watchdog process from becoming a candidate for the OS's
+ * Out-Of-Memory Killer.
+ */
+static void
+disableOomKiller() {
+	// Linux-only way to disable OOM killer for current process. Requires root
+	// privileges, which we should have.
+	FILE *f = fopen("/proc/self/oom_adj", "w");
+	if (f != NULL) {
+		fprintf(f, "-17");
+		fclose(f);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wait until the starter process has exited or sent us an exit command,
+ * or until one of the watcher threads encounter an error. If a thread
+ * encountered an error then the error message will be printed.
+ *
+ * Returns whether this watchdog should exit gracefully, which is only the
+ * case if the web server sent us an exit command and no thread encountered
+ * an error.
+ */
+static bool
+waitForStarterProcessOrWatchers(vector<AgentWatcher *> &watchers) {
+	fd_set fds;
+	int max, ret;
+	char x;
+	
+	FD_ZERO(&fds);
+	FD_SET(FEEDBACK_FD, &fds);
+	FD_SET(errorEvent->fd(), &fds);
+	
+	if (FEEDBACK_FD > errorEvent->fd()) {
+		max = FEEDBACK_FD;
+	} else {
+		max = errorEvent->fd();
+	}
+	
+	ret = syscalls::select(max + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		int e = errno;
+		P_ERROR("select() failed: " << strerror(e));
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	if (FD_ISSET(errorEvent->fd(), &fds)) {
+		vector<AgentWatcher *>::const_iterator it;
+		string message, backtrace, watcherName;
+		
+		for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end() && message.empty(); it++) {
+			message   = (*it)->getErrorMessage();
+			backtrace = (*it)->getErrorBacktrace();
+			watcherName = (*it)->name();
+		}
+		
+		if (!message.empty() && backtrace.empty()) {
+			P_ERROR("Error in " << watcherName << " watcher:\n  " << message);
+		} else if (!message.empty() && !backtrace.empty()) {
+			P_ERROR("Error in " << watcherName << " watcher:\n  " <<
+				message << "\n" << backtrace);
+		}
+		return false;
+	} else {
+		ret = syscalls::read(FEEDBACK_FD, &x, 1);
+		return ret == 1 && x == 'c';
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+cleanupAgentsInBackground(vector<AgentWatcher *> &watchers) {
+	this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+	this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+	pid_t pid;
+	int e;
+	
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		// Child
+		vector<AgentWatcher *>::const_iterator it;
+		Timer timer(false);
+		fd_set fds, fds2;
+		int max, agentProcessesDone;
+		unsigned long long deadline = 30000; // miliseconds
+		
+		// Wait until all agent processes have exited.
+		
+		max = 0;
+		FD_ZERO(&fds);
+		for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+			FD_SET((*it)->getFeedbackFd(), &fds);
+			if ((*it)->getFeedbackFd() > max) {
+				max = (*it)->getFeedbackFd();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		timer.start();
+		agentProcessesDone = 0;
+		while (agentProcessesDone != -1
+		    && agentProcessesDone < (int) watchers.size()
+		    && timer.elapsed() < deadline)
+		{
+			struct timeval timeout;
+			
+			#ifdef FD_COPY
+				FD_COPY(&fds, &fds2);
+			#else
+				FD_ZERO(&fds2);
+				for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+					FD_SET((*it)->getFeedbackFd(), &fds2);
+				}
+			#endif
+			
+			timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+			timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
+			agentProcessesDone = syscalls::select(max + 1, &fds2, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
+			if (agentProcessesDone > 0 && timer.elapsed() < deadline) {
+				usleep(10000);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		if (agentProcessesDone == -1 || timer.elapsed() >= deadline) {
+			// An error occurred or we've waited long enough. Kill all the
+			// processes.
+			P_WARN("Some Phusion Passenger agent processes did not exit " <<
+				"in time, forcefully shutting down all.");
+			for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+				(*it)->forceShutdown();
+			}
+		} else {
+			P_DEBUG("All Phusion Passenger agent processes have exited.");
+		}
+		
+		// Now clean up the server instance directory.
+		delete generation.get();
+		delete serverInstanceDir.get();
+		
+		_exit(0);
+		
+	} else if (pid == -1) {
+		// Error
+		e = errno;
+		throw SystemException("fork() failed", errno);
+		
+	} else {
+		// Parent
+		
+		// Let child process handle cleanup.
+		serverInstanceDir->detach();
+		generation->detach();
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+forceAllAgentsShutdown(vector<AgentWatcher *> &watchers) {
+	vector<AgentWatcher *>::iterator it;
+	
+	for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+		(*it)->forceShutdown();
+	}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	disableOomKiller();
+	
+	agentsOptions = initializeAgent(argc, argv, "PassengerWatchdog");
+	logLevel      = agentsOptions.getInt("log_level");
+	webServerPid  = agentsOptions.getPid("web_server_pid");
+	tempDir       = agentsOptions.get("temp_dir");
+	userSwitching = agentsOptions.getBool("user_switching");
+	defaultUser   = agentsOptions.get("default_user");
+	defaultGroup  = agentsOptions.get("default_group");
+	webServerWorkerUid = agentsOptions.getUid("web_server_worker_uid");
+	webServerWorkerGid = agentsOptions.getGid("web_server_worker_gid");
+	passengerRoot = agentsOptions.get("passenger_root");
+	rubyCommand   = agentsOptions.get("ruby");
+	maxPoolSize        = agentsOptions.getInt("max_pool_size");
+	maxInstancesPerApp = agentsOptions.getInt("max_instances_per_app");
+	poolIdleTime       = agentsOptions.getInt("pool_idle_time");
+	serializedPrestartURLs  = agentsOptions.get("prestart_urls");
+	
+	try {
+		randomGenerator = new RandomGenerator();
+		errorEvent = new EventFd();
+		
+		MessageChannel feedbackChannel(FEEDBACK_FD);
+		serverInstanceDir.reset(new ServerInstanceDir(webServerPid, tempDir));
+		generation = serverInstanceDir->newGeneration(userSwitching, defaultUser,
+			defaultGroup, webServerWorkerUid, webServerWorkerGid);
+		agentsOptions.set("server_instance_dir", serverInstanceDir->getPath());
+		agentsOptions.setInt("generation_number", generation->getNumber());
+		
+		ServerInstanceDirToucher serverInstanceDirToucher;
+		ResourceLocator resourceLocator(passengerRoot);
+		if (agentsOptions.get("analytics_server", false).empty()) {
+			// Using local, server instance specific logging agent.
+			loggingAgentAddress  = "unix:" + generation->getPath() + "/logging.socket";
+			loggingAgentPassword = randomGenerator->generateAsciiString(64);
+		} else {
+			// Using remote logging agent.
+			loggingAgentAddress = agentsOptions.get("analytics_server");
+		}
+		
+		HelperAgentWatcher helperAgentWatcher(resourceLocator);
+		LoggingAgentWatcher loggingAgentWatcher(resourceLocator);
+		
+		vector<AgentWatcher *> watchers;
+		vector<AgentWatcher *>::iterator it;
+		watchers.push_back(&helperAgentWatcher);
+		if (agentsOptions.get("analytics_server", false).empty()) {
+			watchers.push_back(&loggingAgentWatcher);
+		}
+		
+		for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+			try {
+				(*it)->start();
+			} catch (const std::exception &e) {
+				feedbackChannel.write("Watchdog startup error",
+					e.what(), NULL);
+				forceAllAgentsShutdown(watchers);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			// Allow other exceptions to propagate and crash the watchdog.
+		}
+		for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+			try {
+				(*it)->startWatching();
+			} catch (const std::exception &e) {
+				feedbackChannel.write("Watchdog startup error",
+					e.what(), NULL);
+				forceAllAgentsShutdown(watchers);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			// Allow other exceptions to propagate and crash the watchdog.
+		}
+		
+		feedbackChannel.write("Basic startup info",
+			serverInstanceDir->getPath().c_str(),
+			toString(generation->getNumber()).c_str(),
+			NULL);
+		
+		for (it = watchers.begin(); it != watchers.end(); it++) {
+			(*it)->sendStartupInfo(feedbackChannel);
+		}
+		
+		feedbackChannel.write("All agents started", NULL);
+		
+		this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+		this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+		bool exitGracefully = waitForStarterProcessOrWatchers(watchers);
+		AgentWatcher::stopWatching(watchers);
+		if (exitGracefully) {
+			/* Fork a child process which cleans up all the agent processes in
+			 * the background and exit this watchdog process so that we don't block
+			 * the web server.
+			 */
+			cleanupAgentsInBackground(watchers);
+			return 0;
+		} else {
+			P_DEBUG("Web server did not exit gracefully, forcing shutdown of all service processes...");
+			forceAllAgentsShutdown(watchers);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} catch (const tracable_exception &e) {
+		P_ERROR(e.what() << "\n" << e.backtrace());
+		return 1;
+	} catch (const std::exception &e) {
+		P_ERROR(e.what());
+		return 1;
+	}
+}