passenger 5.0.4 → 5.0.5

data/test/cxx/ApplicationPool2/ProcessTest.cpp

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-#include <TestSupport.h>
-#include <ApplicationPool2/Process.h>
-#include <Utils/IOUtils.h>
-
-using namespace Passenger;
-using namespace Passenger::ApplicationPool2;
-using namespace std;
-
-namespace tut {
-	struct ApplicationPool2_ProcessTest {
-		BackgroundEventLoop bg;
-		SocketList sockets;
-		SocketPair adminSocket;
-		Pipe errorPipe;
-		FileDescriptor server1, server2, server3;
-
-		ApplicationPool2_ProcessTest() {
-			bg.start();
-
-			struct sockaddr_in addr;
-			socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
-
-			server1 = createTcpServer("127.0.0.1", 0);
-			getsockname(server1, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &len);
-			sockets.add("main1",
-				"tcp://127.0.0.1:" + toString(addr.sin_port),
-				"session", 3);
-
-			server2 = createTcpServer("127.0.0.1", 0);
-			getsockname(server2, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &len);
-			sockets.add("main2",
-				"tcp://127.0.0.1:" + toString(addr.sin_port),
-				"session", 3);
-
-			server3 = createTcpServer("127.0.0.1", 0);
-			getsockname(server3, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &len);
-			sockets.add("main3",
-				"tcp://127.0.0.1:" + toString(addr.sin_port),
-				"session", 3);
-
-			adminSocket = createUnixSocketPair();
-			errorPipe = createPipe();
-		}
-
-		ProcessPtr createProcess() {
-			ProcessPtr process = boost::make_shared<Process>(123,
-				"123", adminSocket[0], errorPipe[0], sockets, 0, 0);
-			process->dummy = true;
-			process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			return process;
-		}
-	};
-
-	DEFINE_TEST_GROUP(ApplicationPool2_ProcessTest);
-
-	TEST_METHOD(1) {
-		// Test initial state.
-		ProcessPtr process = createProcess();
-		ensure_equals(process->busyness(), 0);
-		ensure(!process->isTotallyBusy());
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(2) {
-		// Test opening and closing sessions.
-		ProcessPtr process = createProcess();
-		SessionPtr session = process->newSession();
-		SessionPtr session2 = process->newSession();
-		ensure_equals(process->sessions, 2);
-		process->sessionClosed(session.get());
-		ensure_equals(process->sessions, 1);
-		process->sessionClosed(session2.get());
-		ensure_equals(process->sessions, 0);
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(3) {
-		// newSession() checks out the socket with the smallest busyness number
-		// and sessionClosed() restores the session busyness statistics.
-		ProcessPtr process = createProcess();
-
-		// The first 3 newSession() commands check out an idle socket.
-		SessionPtr session1 = process->newSession();
-		SessionPtr session2 = process->newSession();
-		SessionPtr session3 = process->newSession();
-		ensure(session1->getSocket()->name != session2->getSocket()->name);
-		ensure(session1->getSocket()->name != session3->getSocket()->name);
-		ensure(session2->getSocket()->name != session3->getSocket()->name);
-
-		// The next 2 newSession() commands check out sockets with sessions == 1.
-		SessionPtr session4 = process->newSession();
-		SessionPtr session5 = process->newSession();
-		ensure(session4->getSocket()->name != session5->getSocket()->name);
-
-		// There should now be 1 process with 1 session
-		// and 2 processes with 2 sessions.
-		map<int, int> sessionCount;
-		SocketList::const_iterator it;
-		for (it = process->sockets.begin(); it != process->sockets.end(); it++) {
-			sessionCount[it->sessions]++;
-		}
-		ensure_equals(sessionCount.size(), 2u);
-		ensure_equals(sessionCount[1], 1);
-		ensure_equals(sessionCount[2], 2);
-
-		// Closing the first 3 sessions will result in no processes having 1 session
-		// and 1 process having 2 sessions.
-		process->sessionClosed(session1.get());
-		process->sessionClosed(session2.get());
-		process->sessionClosed(session3.get());
-		sessionCount.clear();
-		for (it = process->sockets.begin(); it != process->sockets.end(); it++) {
-			sessionCount[it->sessions]++;
-		}
-		ensure_equals(sessionCount[0], 1);
-		ensure_equals(sessionCount[1], 2);
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(4) {
-		// If all sockets are at their full capacity then newSession() will fail.
-		ProcessPtr process = createProcess();
-		vector<SessionPtr> sessions;
-		for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
-			ensure(!process->isTotallyBusy());
-			SessionPtr session = process->newSession();
-			ensure(session != NULL);
-			sessions.push_back(session);
-		}
-		ensure(process->isTotallyBusy());
-		ensure(process->newSession() == NULL);
-	}
-}

data/test/cxx/ApplicationPool2/SmartSpawnerTest.cpp

@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-#include <TestSupport.h>
-#include <ApplicationPool2/SmartSpawner.h>
-#include <Logging.h>
-#include <Utils/json.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <climits>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-
-using namespace std;
-using namespace Passenger;
-using namespace Passenger::ApplicationPool2;
-
-namespace tut {
-	struct ApplicationPool2_SmartSpawnerTest {
-		SpawnObject object;
-		PipeWatcher::DataCallback gatherOutput;
-		string gatheredOutput;
-		boost::mutex gatheredOutputSyncher;
-
-		ApplicationPool2_SmartSpawnerTest() {
-			PipeWatcher::onData = PipeWatcher::DataCallback();
-			gatherOutput = boost::bind(&ApplicationPool2_SmartSpawnerTest::_gatherOutput, this, _1, _2);
-			setLogLevel(LVL_ERROR); // TODO: should be LVL_WARN
-			setPrintAppOutputAsDebuggingMessages(true);
-		}
-
-		~ApplicationPool2_SmartSpawnerTest() {
-			setLogLevel(DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL);
-			setPrintAppOutputAsDebuggingMessages(false);
-			unlink("stub/wsgi/passenger_wsgi.pyc");
-			PipeWatcher::onData = PipeWatcher::DataCallback();
-		}
-
-		boost::shared_ptr<SmartSpawner> createSpawner(const Options &options, bool exitImmediately = false) {
-			char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
-			getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX);
-
-			vector<string> command;
-			command.push_back("ruby");
-			command.push_back(string(buf) + "/support/placebo-preloader.rb");
-			if (exitImmediately) {
-				command.push_back("exit-immediately");
-			}
-
-			return boost::make_shared<SmartSpawner>(command,
-				options, createSpawnerConfig());
-		}
-
-		SpawnerConfigPtr createSpawnerConfig() {
-			SpawnerConfigPtr config = boost::make_shared<SpawnerConfig>();
-			config->resourceLocator = resourceLocator;
-			config->finalize();
-			return config;
-		}
-
-		Options createOptions() {
-			Options options;
-			options.spawnMethod = "smart";
-			options.loadShellEnvvars = false;
-			return options;
-		}
-
-		void _gatherOutput(const char *data, unsigned int size) {
-			boost::lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(gatheredOutputSyncher);
-			gatheredOutput.append(data, size);
-		}
-	};
-
-	DEFINE_TEST_GROUP_WITH_LIMIT(ApplicationPool2_SmartSpawnerTest, 90);
-
-	#include "SpawnerTestCases.cpp"
-
-	TEST_METHOD(80) {
-		// If the preloader has crashed then SmartSpawner will
-		// restart it and try again.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		boost::shared_ptr<SmartSpawner> spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-
-		kill(spawner->getPreloaderPid(), SIGTERM);
-		// Give it some time to exit.
-		usleep(300000);
-
-		// No exception at next spawn.
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(81) {
-		// If the preloader still crashes after the restart then
-		// SmartSpawner will throw an exception.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		boost::shared_ptr<SmartSpawner> spawner = createSpawner(options, true);
-		try {
-			object = spawner->spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("SpawnException expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &) {
-			// Pass.
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(82) {
-		// If the preloader didn't start within the timeout
-		// then it's killed and an exception is thrown, with
-		// whatever stderr output as error page.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		options.startTimeout = 100;
-
-		vector<string> preloaderCommand;
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("bash");
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("-c");
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("echo hello world >&2; sleep 60");
-		SmartSpawner spawner(preloaderCommand, options, createSpawnerConfig());
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-
-		try {
-			object = spawner.spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("SpawnException expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorKind(),
-				SpawnException::PRELOADER_STARTUP_TIMEOUT);
-			if (e.getErrorPage().find("hello world\n") == string::npos) {
-				// This might be caused by the machine being too slow.
-				// Try again with a higher timeout.
-				options.startTimeout = 1000;
-				SmartSpawner spawner2(preloaderCommand, options, createSpawnerConfig());
-				try {
-					object = spawner2.spawn(options);
-					object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-					fail("SpawnException expected");
-				} catch (const SpawnException &e2) {
-					ensure_equals(e2.getErrorKind(),
-						SpawnException::PRELOADER_STARTUP_TIMEOUT);
-					if (e2.getErrorPage().find("hello world\n") == string::npos) {
-						fail(("Unexpected error page:\n" + e2.getErrorPage()).c_str());
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(83) {
-		// If the preloader crashed during startup without returning
-		// a proper error response, then its stderr output is used
-		// as error response instead.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-
-		vector<string> preloaderCommand;
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("bash");
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("-c");
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("echo hello world >&2");
-		SmartSpawner spawner(preloaderCommand, options, createSpawnerConfig());
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-
-		try {
-			object = spawner.spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("SpawnException expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorKind(),
-				SpawnException::PRELOADER_STARTUP_ERROR);
-			ensure(e.getErrorPage().find("hello world\n") != string::npos);
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(84) {
-		// If the preloader encountered an error, then the resulting SpawnException
-		// takes note of the process's environment variables.
-		string envvars = modp::b64_encode("PASSENGER_FOO\0foo\0",
-			sizeof("PASSENGER_FOO\0foo\0") - 1);
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		options.environmentVariables = envvars;
-
-		vector<string> preloaderCommand;
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("bash");
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("-c");
-		preloaderCommand.push_back("echo hello world >&2");
-		SmartSpawner spawner(preloaderCommand, options, createSpawnerConfig());
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-
-		try {
-			object = spawner.spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("SpawnException expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure(containsSubstring(e["envvars"], "PASSENGER_FOO=foo\n"));
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(85) {
-		// Test that the spawned process can still write to its stderr
-		// after the SmartSpawner has been destroyed.
-		DeleteFileEventually d("tmp.output");
-		PipeWatcher::onData = gatherOutput;
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot = "stub/rack";
-
-		{
-			vector<string> preloaderCommand;
-			preloaderCommand.push_back("ruby");
-			preloaderCommand.push_back(resourceLocator->getHelperScriptsDir() + "/rack-preloader.rb");
-			SmartSpawner spawner(preloaderCommand, options, createSpawnerConfig());
-			object = spawner.spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-		}
-
-		SessionPtr session = object.process->newSession();
-		session->initiate();
-
-		const char header[] =
-			"REQUEST_METHOD\0GET\0"
-			"PATH_INFO\0/print_stderr\0";
-
-		writeScalarMessage(session->fd(), header, sizeof(header) - 1);
-		shutdown(session->fd(), SHUT_WR);
-		readAll(session->fd());
-		EVENTUALLY(2,
-			boost::lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(gatheredOutputSyncher);
-			result = gatheredOutput.find("hello world!\n") != string::npos;
-		);
-	}
-}

data/test/cxx/ApplicationPool2/SpawnerTestCases.cpp

@@ -1,823 +0,0 @@
-// Included in DirectSpawnerTest.cpp and SmartSpawnerTest.cpp.
-
-	#define SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(code) \
-		if (geteuid() != 0) { \
-			return; \
-		} \
-		TempDirCopy copy("stub/wsgi", "tmp.wsgi"); \
-		addUserSwitchingCode(); \
-		\
-		DeleteFileEventually info1("/tmp/info.txt"); \
-		DeleteFileEventually info2("/tmp/info2.txt"); \
-		\
-		SpawnerPtr spawner; \
-		Options options; \
-		options = createOptions(); \
-		options.appRoot = "tmp.wsgi"; \
-		options.appType = "wsgi"; \
-		options.defaultUser = testConfig["default_user"].asCString(); \
-		options.defaultGroup = testConfig["default_group"].asCString(); \
-		code \
-		spawner = createSpawner(options)
-
-	#define RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST() \
-		object = spawner->spawn(options); \
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false; \
-		BufferedIO io(FileDescriptor(open("/tmp/info.txt", O_RDONLY))); \
-		uid_t uid = (uid_t) atol(io.readLine().c_str()); \
-		gid_t gid = (gid_t) atol(io.readLine().c_str()); \
-		string groups = strip(io.readLine()); \
-		/* Avoid compiler warning. */ \
-		(void) uid; (void) gid; (void) groups
-
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<Spawner> SpawnerPtr;
-
-	static void addUserSwitchingCode() {
-		FILE *f = fopen("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py", "a");
-		fputs(
-			"\n"
-			"import os\n"
-			"f = open('/tmp/info.txt', 'w')\n"
-			"f.write(str(os.getuid()) + '\\n')\n"
-			"f.write(str(os.getgid()) + '\\n')\n"
-			"f.write(os.popen('groups').read() + '\\n')\n"
-			"f.close()\n",
-			f);
-		fclose(f);
-
-		rename("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py", "tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real");
-		symlink("passenger_wsgi.py.real", "tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py");
-	}
-
-	static void checkin(ProcessPtr process, Connection *conn) {
-		process->sockets.front().checkinConnection(*conn);
-	}
-
-	static string userNameForUid(uid_t uid) {
-		return getpwuid(uid)->pw_name;
-	}
-
-	static string groupNameForGid(gid_t gid) {
-		return getgrgid(gid)->gr_name;
-	}
-
-	static uid_t uidFor(const string &userName) {
-		return getpwnam(userName.c_str())->pw_uid;
-	}
-
-	static gid_t gidFor(const string &groupName) {
-		return getgrnam(groupName.c_str())->gr_gid;
-	}
-
-	static string primaryGroupFor(const string &userName) {
-		gid_t gid = getpwnam(userName.c_str())->pw_gid;
-		return getgrgid(gid)->gr_name;
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(1) {
-		// Basic spawning test.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-		ensure_equals(object.process->sockets.size(), 1u);
-
-		Connection conn = object.process->sockets.front().checkoutConnection();
-		ScopeGuard guard(boost::bind(checkin, object.process, &conn));
-		writeExact(conn.fd, "ping\n");
-		ensure_equals(readAll(conn.fd), "pong\n");
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(2) {
-		// It enforces the given start timeout.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub";
-		options.startCommand = "sleep\t" "60";
-		options.startupFile  = ".";
-		options.startTimeout = 300;
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		try {
-			object = spawner->spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("Timeout expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorKind(),
-				SpawnException::APP_STARTUP_TIMEOUT);
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(3) {
-		// Any protocol errors during startup are caught and result
-		// in exceptions.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub";
-		options.startCommand = "echo\t" "!> hello world";
-		options.startupFile  = ".";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		try {
-			object = spawner->spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("Exception expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorKind(),
-				SpawnException::APP_STARTUP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(4) {
-		// The application may respond with a special Error response,
-		// which will result in a SpawnException with the content.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub";
-		options.startCommand = "perl\t" "start_error.pl";
-		options.startupFile  = "start_error.pl";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		try {
-			object = spawner->spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("SpawnException expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorKind(),
-				SpawnException::APP_STARTUP_EXPLAINABLE_ERROR);
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorPage(),
-				"He's dead, Jim!\n"
-				"Relax, I'm a doctor.\n");
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(5) {
-		// The start timeout is enforced even while reading the error
-		// response.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub";
-		options.startCommand = "perl\t" "start_error.pl\t" "freeze";
-		options.startupFile  = "start_error.pl";
-		options.startTimeout = 300;
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		try {
-			object = spawner->spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("Timeout expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure_equals(e.getErrorKind(),
-				SpawnException::APP_STARTUP_TIMEOUT);
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(6) {
-		// The reported PID is correct.
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-		ensure_equals(object.process->sockets.size(), 1u);
-
-		Connection conn = object.process->sockets.front().checkoutConnection();
-		ScopeGuard guard(boost::bind(checkin, object.process, &conn));
-		writeExact(conn.fd, "pid\n");
-		ensure_equals(readAll(conn.fd), toString(object.process->pid) + "\n");
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(7) {
-		// Custom environment variables can be passed.
-		string envvars = modp::b64_encode("PASSENGER_FOO\0foo\0PASSENGER_BAR\0bar\0",
-			sizeof("PASSENGER_FOO\0foo\0PASSENGER_BAR\0bar\0") - 1);
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot = "stub/rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		options.environmentVariables = envvars;
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-		ensure_equals(object.process->sockets.size(), 1u);
-
-		Connection conn = object.process->sockets.front().checkoutConnection();
-		ScopeGuard guard(boost::bind(checkin, object.process, &conn));
-		writeExact(conn.fd, "envvars\n");
-		envvars = readAll(conn.fd);
-		ensure("(1)", envvars.find("PASSENGER_FOO = foo\n") != string::npos);
-		ensure("(2)", envvars.find("PASSENGER_BAR = bar\n") != string::npos);
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(8) {
-		// Any raised SpawnExceptions take note of the process's environment variables.
-		string envvars = modp::b64_encode("PASSENGER_FOO\0foo\0",
-			sizeof("PASSENGER_FOO\0foo\0") - 1);
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "stub";
-		options.startCommand = "echo\t" "!> hello world";
-		options.startupFile  = ".";
-		options.environmentVariables = envvars;
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-		try {
-			object = spawner->spawn(options);
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-			fail("Exception expected");
-		} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-			ensure(containsSubstring(e["envvars"], "PASSENGER_FOO=foo\n"));
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(9) {
-		// It raises an exception if the user does not have a access to one
-		// of the app root's parent directories, or the app root itself.
-		runShellCommand("mkdir -p tmp.check/a/b/c");
-		TempDirCopy dir("stub/rack", "tmp.check/a/b/c/d");
-		TempDir dir2("tmp.check");
-
-		char buffer[PATH_MAX];
-		string cwd = getcwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
-
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot = "tmp.check/a/b/c/d";
-		options.appType = "rack";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		setLogLevel(LVL_CRIT);
-
-		if (getuid() != 0) {
-			// TODO: implement this test for root too
-			runShellCommand("chmod 000 tmp.check/a/b/c/d");
-			runShellCommand("chmod 600 tmp.check/a/b/c");
-			runShellCommand("chmod 600 tmp.check/a");
-
-			try {
-				object = spawner->spawn(options);
-				object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-				fail("SpawnException expected");
-			} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-				ensure("(1)", containsSubstring(e.getErrorPage(),
-					"the parent directory '" + cwd + "/tmp.check/a' has wrong permissions"));
-			}
-
-			runShellCommand("chmod 700 tmp.check/a");
-			try {
-				object = spawner->spawn(options);
-				object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-				fail("SpawnException expected");
-			} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-				ensure("(2)", containsSubstring(e.getErrorPage(),
-					"the parent directory '" + cwd + "/tmp.check/a/b/c' has wrong permissions"));
-			}
-
-			runShellCommand("chmod 700 tmp.check/a/b/c");
-			try {
-				object = spawner->spawn(options);
-				object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-				fail("SpawnException expected");
-			} catch (const SpawnException &e) {
-				ensure("(3)", containsSubstring(e.getErrorPage(),
-					"However this directory is not accessible because it has wrong permissions."));
-			}
-
-			runShellCommand("chmod 700 tmp.check/a/b/c/d");
-			object = spawner->spawn(options); // Should not throw.
-			object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(10) {
-		// It forwards all stdout and stderr output, even after the corresponding
-		// Process object has been destroyed.
-		DeleteFileEventually d("tmp.output");
-		PipeWatcher::onData = gatherOutput;
-
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot = "stub/rack";
-		options.appType = "rack";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-
-		SessionPtr session = object.process->newSession();
-		session->initiate();
-
-		setLogLevel(LVL_ERROR); // TODO: should be LVL_WARN
-		const char header[] =
-			"REQUEST_METHOD\0GET\0"
-			"PATH_INFO\0/print_stdout_and_stderr\0";
-
-		writeScalarMessage(session->fd(), StaticString(header, sizeof(header) - 1));
-		shutdown(session->fd(), SHUT_WR);
-		readAll(session->fd());
-		session->close(true);
-		session.reset();
-		object.process.reset();
-
-		EVENTUALLY(2,
-			boost::lock_guard<boost::mutex> l(gatheredOutputSyncher);
-			result = gatheredOutput.find("hello stdout!\n") != string::npos
-				&& gatheredOutput.find("hello stderr!\n") != string::npos;
-		);
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(11) {
-		// It infers the code revision from the REVISION file.
-		TempDirCopy dir("stub/rack", "tmp.rack");
-		createFile("tmp.rack/REVISION", "hello\n");
-
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "tmp.rack";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-
-		ensure_equals(object.process->codeRevision, "hello");
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(12) {
-		// It infers the code revision from the app root symlink,
-		// if the app root is called "current".
-		TempDir dir1("tmp.rack");
-		TempDirCopy dir2("stub/rack", "tmp.rack/today");
-		symlink("today", "tmp.rack/current");
-
-		Options options = createOptions();
-		options.appRoot      = "tmp.rack/current";
-		options.startCommand = "ruby\t" "start.rb";
-		options.startupFile  = "start.rb";
-		SpawnerPtr spawner = createSpawner(options);
-		object = spawner->spawn(options);
-		object.process->requiresShutdown = false;
-
-		ensure_equals(object.process->codeRevision, "today");
-	}
-
-	// It raises an exception if getStartupCommand() is empty.
-
-	/******* User switching tests *******/
-
-	// If 'user' is set
-		// and 'user' is 'root'
-			TEST_METHOD(20) {
-				// It changes the user to the value of 'defaultUser'.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = "root";
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(userNameForUid(uid), testConfig["default_user"]);
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(21) {
-				// If 'group' is given, it changes group to the given group name.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = "root";
-					options.group = testConfig["normal_group_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(22) {
-				// If 'group' is set to the root group, it changes group to defaultGroup.
-				string rootGroup = groupNameForGid(0);
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = "root";
-					options.group = rootGroup.c_str();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["default_group"].asString());
-			}
-
-			// and 'group' is set to '!STARTUP_FILE!'"
-				TEST_METHOD(23) {
-					// It changes the group to the startup file's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.user = "root";
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-				}
-
-				TEST_METHOD(24) {
-					// If the startup file is a symlink, then it uses the symlink's group, not the target's group
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.user = "root";
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString()));
-					chown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString());
-				}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(25) {
-				// If 'group' is not given, it changes the group to defaultUser's primary group.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = "root";
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid),
-					primaryGroupFor(testConfig["default_user"].asString()));
-			}
-
-		// and 'user' is not 'root'
-			TEST_METHOD(29) {
-				// It changes the user to the given username.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(userNameForUid(uid), testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(30) {
-				// If 'group' is given, it changes group to the given group name.
-				// It changes the user to the given username.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-					options.group = testConfig["normal_group_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(31) {
-				// If 'group' is set to the root group, it changes group to defaultGroup.
-				// It changes the user to the given username.
-				string rootGroup = groupNameForGid(0);
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-					options.group = rootGroup.c_str();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["default_group"].asString());
-			}
-
-			// and 'group' is set to '!STARTUP_FILE!'
-				TEST_METHOD(32) {
-					// It changes the group to the startup file's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid),
-						testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-				}
-
-				TEST_METHOD(33) {
-					// If the startup file is a symlink, then it uses the
-					// symlink's group, not the target's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString()));
-					chown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid),
-						testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString());
-				}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(34) {
-				// If 'group' is not given, it changes the group to the user's primary group.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid),
-					primaryGroupFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()));
-			}
-
-		// and the given username does not exist
-			TEST_METHOD(38) {
-				// It changes the user to the value of defaultUser.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(userNameForUid(uid), testConfig["default_user"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(39) {
-				// If 'group' is given, it changes group to the given group name.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-					options.group = testConfig["normal_group_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(40) {
-				// If 'group' is set to the root group, it changes group to defaultGroup.
-				string rootGroup = groupNameForGid(0);
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-					options.group = rootGroup;
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["default_group"].asString());
-			}
-
-			// and 'group' is set to '!STARTUP_FILE!'
-				TEST_METHOD(41) {
-					// It changes the group to the startup file's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.user = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-				}
-
-				TEST_METHOD(42) {
-					// If the startup file is a symlink, then it uses the
-					// symlink's group, not the target's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.user = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString()));
-					chown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString());
-				}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(43) {
-				// If 'group' is not given, it changes the group to defaultUser's primary group.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.user = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-				);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid),
-					primaryGroupFor(testConfig["default_user"].asString()));
-			}
-
-	// If 'user' is not set
-		// and the startup file's owner exists
-			TEST_METHOD(47) {
-				// It changes the user to the owner of the startup file.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					(void) 0;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					uidFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(userNameForUid(uid), testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(48) {
-				// If the startup file is a symlink, then it uses the symlink's owner, not the target's owner.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					(void) 0;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					uidFor(testConfig["normal_user_2"].asString()),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				chown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real",
-					uidFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(userNameForUid(uid), testConfig["normal_user_2"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(49) {
-				// If 'group' is given, it changes group to the given group name.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.group = testConfig["normal_group_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					uidFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(50) {
-				// If 'group' is set to the root group, it changes group to defaultGroup.
-				string rootGroup = groupNameForGid(0);
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.group = rootGroup;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					uidFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["default_group"].asString());
-			}
-
-			// and 'group' is set to '!STARTUP_FILE!'
-				TEST_METHOD(51) {
-					// It changes the group to the startup file's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-				}
-
-				TEST_METHOD(52) {
-					// If the startup file is a symlink, then it uses the symlink's
-					// group, not the target's group.
-					SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-						options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-					);
-					lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString()));
-					chown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real",
-						(uid_t) -1,
-						gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-					RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-					ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString());
-				}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(53) {
-				// If 'group' is not given, it changes the group to the startup file's owner's primary group.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					(void) 0;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					uidFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid),
-					primaryGroupFor(testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString()));
-			}
-
-		// and the startup file's owner doesn't exist
-			TEST_METHOD(57) {
-				// It changes the user to the value of defaultUser.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					(void) 0;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(userNameForUid(uid), testConfig["default_user"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(58) {
-				// If 'group' is given, it changes group to the given group name.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.group = testConfig["normal_group_1"].asCString();
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-			}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(59) {
-				// If 'group' is set to the root group, it changes group to defaultGroup.
-				string rootGroup = groupNameForGid(0);
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					options.group = rootGroup;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["default_group"].asString());
-			}
-
-			// and 'group' is set to '!STARTUP_FILE!'
-				// and the startup file's group doesn't exist
-					TEST_METHOD(60) {
-						// It changes the group to the value given by defaultGroup.
-						SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-							options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-						);
-						lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-							(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-							(gid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_gid"].asInt64());
-						RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-						ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["default_group"].asString());
-					}
-
-				// and the startup file's group exists
-					TEST_METHOD(61) {
-						// It changes the group to the startup file's group.
-						SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-							options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-						);
-						lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-							(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-							gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-						RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-						ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString());
-					}
-
-					TEST_METHOD(62) {
-						// If the startup file is a symlink, then it uses the symlink's group, not the target's group.
-						SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-							options.group = "!STARTUP_FILE!";
-						);
-						lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-							(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-							gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString()));
-						chown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py.real",
-							(uid_t) -1,
-							gidFor(testConfig["normal_group_1"].asString()));
-						RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-						ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), testConfig["normal_group_2"].asString());
-					}
-
-			TEST_METHOD(63) {
-				// If 'group' is not given, it changes the group to defaultUser's primary group.
-				SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-					(void) 0;
-				);
-				lchown("tmp.wsgi/passenger_wsgi.py",
-					(uid_t) testConfig["nonexistant_uid"].asInt64(),
-					(gid_t) -1);
-				RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-				ensure_equals(groupNameForGid(gid), primaryGroupFor(testConfig["default_user"].asString()));
-			}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(67) {
-		// It raises an error if it tries to lower to 'defaultUser',
-		// but that user doesn't exist.
-		SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-			options.user = "root";
-			options.defaultUser = testConfig["nonexistant_user"].asCString();
-		);
-		try {
-			RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-			fail();
-		} catch (const RuntimeException &e) {
-			ensure(containsSubstring(e.what(), "Cannot determine a user to lower privilege to"));
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(68) {
-		// It raises an error if it tries to lower to 'default_group',
-		// but that group doesn't exist.
-		SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-			options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-			options.group = groupNameForGid(0);
-			options.defaultGroup = testConfig["nonexistant_group"].asCString();
-		);
-		try {
-			RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-			fail();
-		} catch (const RuntimeException &e) {
-			ensure(containsSubstring(e.what(), "Cannot determine a group to lower privilege to"));
-		}
-	}
-
-	TEST_METHOD(69) {
-		// Changes supplementary groups to the owner's default supplementary groups.
-		SETUP_USER_SWITCHING_TEST(
-			options.user = testConfig["normal_user_1"].asCString();
-		);
-		RUN_USER_SWITCHING_TEST();
-		runShellCommand(("groups " + testConfig["normal_user_1"].asString() + " > /tmp/info2.txt").c_str());
-		string defaultGroups = strip(readAll("/tmp/info2.txt"));
-
-		// On Linux, the 'groups' output is prepended by the group name so
-		// get rid of that.
-		string::size_type pos = defaultGroups.find(':');
-		if (pos != string::npos) {
-			pos++;
-			while (pos < defaultGroups.size() && defaultGroups[pos] == ' ') {
-				pos++;
-			}
-			defaultGroups.erase(0, pos);
-		}
-
-		ensure_equals(groups, defaultGroups);
-	}