passenger 2.0.6 → 2.1.2
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- data/DEVELOPERS.TXT +10 -4
- data/LICENSE +1 -1
- data/NEWS +0 -0
- data/Rakefile +183 -117
- data/benchmark/dispatcher.rb +5 -9
- data/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module +52 -18
- data/bin/passenger-memory-stats +67 -13
- data/bin/passenger-spawn-server +8 -4
- data/bin/passenger-status +21 -46
- data/bin/passenger-stress-test +5 -5
- data/debian/postinst +1 -1
- data/doc/ApplicationPool algorithm.txt +180 -128
- data/doc/Architectural overview.html +1 -778
- data/doc/Security of user switching support.html +1 -643
- data/doc/Users guide Apache.html +3127 -0
- data/doc/Users guide Nginx.html +1458 -0
- data/doc/Users guide.html +1404 -467
- data/doc/Users guide.txt +843 -105
- data/doc/cxxapi/ApplicationPoolServer_8h-source.html +751 -641
- data/doc/cxxapi/ApplicationPool_8h-source.html +168 -171
- data/doc/cxxapi/Application_8h-source.html +494 -394
- data/doc/cxxapi/Bucket_8h-source.html +21 -15
- data/doc/cxxapi/CachedFileStat_8h-source.html +191 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/Configuration_8h-source.html +311 -149
- data/doc/cxxapi/DirectoryMapper_8h-source.html +309 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/DummySpawnManager_8h-source.html +3 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/Exceptions_8h-source.html +182 -165
- data/doc/cxxapi/FileChecker_8h-source.html +130 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/Hooks_8h-source.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/Logging_8h-source.html +92 -89
- data/doc/cxxapi/MessageChannel_8h-source.html +585 -477
- data/doc/cxxapi/PoolOptions_8h-source.html +305 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/SpawnManager_8h-source.html +515 -540
- data/doc/cxxapi/StandardApplicationPool_8h-source.html +779 -679
- data/doc/cxxapi/SystemTime_8h-source.html +104 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/Utils_8h-source.html +331 -227
- data/doc/cxxapi/annotated.html +6 -7
- data/doc/cxxapi/classClient-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classClient.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classHooks-members.html +5 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classHooks.html +112 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application-members.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application.html +8 -9
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool-members.html +4 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool.html +42 -81
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPoolServer-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPoolServer.html +3 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application_1_1Session-members.html +3 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application_1_1Session.html +74 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BusyException-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BusyException.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ConfigurationException-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ConfigurationException.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DirectoryMapper-members.html +38 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DirectoryMapper.html +256 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DummySpawnManager-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DummySpawnManager.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/{classPassenger_1_1Thread-members.html → classPassenger_1_1FileChecker-members.html} +4 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileChecker.html +121 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException-members.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1MessageChannel-members.html +5 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1MessageChannel.html +155 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/{classboost_1_1this__thread_1_1enable__syscall__interruption-members.html → classPassenger_1_1RuntimeException-members.html} +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/{classboost_1_1this__thread_1_1enable__syscall__interruption.html → classPassenger_1_1RuntimeException.html} +10 -8
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnException-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnException.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnManager-members.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnManager.html +15 -56
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool-members.html +5 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool.html +20 -81
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException-members.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException.html +9 -10
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/{classboost_1_1this__thread_1_1disable__syscall__interruption-members.html → classPassenger_1_1SystemTime-members.html} +5 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemTime.html +86 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1TempFile-members.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1TempFile.html +17 -9
- data/doc/cxxapi/definitions_8h-source.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/files.html +6 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions.html +98 -35
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_func.html +60 -32
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_type.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_vars.html +27 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Configuration.html +3 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Configuration.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Core.html +3 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Core.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Exceptions.html +4 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Hooks.html +1 -6
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Hooks.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Support.html +259 -36
- data/doc/cxxapi/hierarchy.html +6 -7
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.map +2 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.map +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__5.map +2 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__5.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__5.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__6.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__6.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__6.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.map +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherits.html +30 -31
- data/doc/cxxapi/main.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/modules.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString_3_01vector_3_01string_01_4_01_4-members.html +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString_3_01vector_3_01string_01_4_01_4.html +2 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1PoolOptions-members.html +49 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1PoolOptions.html +404 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/tree.html +18 -20
- data/doc/images/conservative_spawning.png +0 -0
- data/doc/images/conservative_spawning.svg +248 -0
- data/doc/images/smart-lv2.png +0 -0
- data/doc/images/smart-lv2.svg +320 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/ConditionVariable.html +68 -34
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Exception.html +16 -16
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/GC.html +9 -9
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/IO.html +36 -17
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger.html +183 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AbstractRequestHandler.html +511 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/AbstractServer.html +285 -242
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/AbstractServer/ServerAlreadyStarted.html +3 -3
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/AbstractServer/ServerError.html +3 -3
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/AbstractServer/ServerNotStarted.html +3 -3
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/AbstractServer/UnknownMessage.html +3 -3
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AbstractServerCollection.html +598 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools.html +140 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools/ControlProcess.html +247 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools/ControlProcess/Instance.html +138 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/AppInitError.html +36 -19
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/Application.html +81 -96
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/ConsoleTextTemplate.html +18 -18
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/FrameworkInitError.html +20 -18
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/HTMLTemplate.html +18 -18
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/InitializationError.html +9 -9
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/InvalidPath.html +92 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/MessageChannel.html +93 -92
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/NativeSupport.html +55 -25
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Rack.html +91 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Rack/ApplicationSpawner.html +185 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Rack/RequestHandler.html +182 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz.html +95 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/ApplicationSpawner.html +424 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/ApplicationSpawner/Error.html +98 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/CGIFixed.html +200 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/FrameworkSpawner.html +444 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/FrameworkSpawner/Error.html +98 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz/RequestHandler.html +154 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/SpawnManager.html +408 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/UnknownError.html +13 -13
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Utils.html +687 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/{Passenger → PhusionPassenger}/VersionNotFound.html +8 -8
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/WSGI.html +89 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/WSGI/ApplicationSpawner.html +188 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PlatformInfo.html +663 -159
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RakeExtensions.html +4 -4
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Signal.html +134 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/created.rid +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/DEVELOPERS_TXT.html +15 -10
- data/doc/rdoc/files/README.html +5 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/ext/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/native_support_c.html +2 -2
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/abstract_request_handler_rb.html +7 -9
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_collection_rb.html +120 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/abstract_server_rb.html +7 -10
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools/control_process_rb.html +99 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools_rb.html +92 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/application_rb.html +6 -8
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/console_text_template_rb.html +5 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/constants_rb.html +4 -5
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/dependencies_rb.html +6 -8
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/events_rb.html +116 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/exceptions_rb.html +5 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/html_template_rb.html +5 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/message_channel_rb.html +5 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/platform_info_rb.html +6 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner_rb.html +123 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/request_handler_rb.html +117 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger/utils_rb.html → phusion_passenger/railz/application_spawner_rb.html} +24 -17
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/cgi_fixed_rb.html +126 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/framework_spawner_rb.html +139 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/request_handler_rb.html +118 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/simple_benchmarking_rb.html +5 -7
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/spawn_manager_rb.html +40 -24
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/utils_rb.html +169 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/wsgi/application_spawner_rb.html +120 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rake/extensions_rb.html +3 -4
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_class_index.html +37 -19
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_file_index.html +25 -14
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_method_index.html +145 -74
- data/ext/apache2/Application.h +145 -44
- data/ext/apache2/ApplicationPool.h +27 -29
- data/ext/apache2/ApplicationPoolServer.h +183 -72
- data/ext/apache2/ApplicationPoolServerExecutable.cpp +249 -42
- data/ext/apache2/Bucket.cpp +61 -9
- data/ext/apache2/Bucket.h +15 -8
- data/ext/apache2/CachedFileStat.cpp +114 -0
- data/ext/apache2/CachedFileStat.h +169 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Configuration.cpp +213 -22
- data/ext/apache2/Configuration.h +176 -13
- data/ext/apache2/DirectoryMapper.h +287 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Exceptions.h +30 -12
- data/ext/apache2/FileChecker.h +108 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Hooks.cpp +709 -493
- data/ext/apache2/LICENSE-CNRI.TXT +15 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Logging.h +26 -22
- data/ext/apache2/MessageChannel.h +124 -15
- data/ext/apache2/PoolOptions.h +283 -0
- data/ext/apache2/SpawnManager.h +75 -99
- data/ext/apache2/StandardApplicationPool.h +296 -195
- data/ext/apache2/SystemTime.cpp +28 -0
- data/ext/apache2/SystemTime.h +82 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Utils.cpp +172 -18
- data/ext/apache2/Utils.h +124 -19
- data/ext/boost/cstdint.hpp +4 -2
- data/ext/boost/current_function.hpp +67 -0
- data/ext/boost/detail/sp_counted_base.hpp +4 -4
- data/ext/boost/thread/exceptions.hpp +2 -1
- data/ext/boost/thread/pthread/thread.hpp +11 -3
- data/ext/boost/thread/pthread/thread_data.hpp +2 -1
- data/ext/oxt/backtrace.cpp +172 -0
- data/ext/oxt/backtrace.hpp +135 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/backtrace_disabled.hpp +39 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/backtrace_enabled.hpp +155 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/spin_lock_gcc_x86.hpp +82 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/spin_lock_portable.hpp +38 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/spin_lock_pthreads.hpp +97 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/tracable_exception_disabled.hpp +46 -0
- data/ext/oxt/detail/tracable_exception_enabled.hpp +48 -0
- data/ext/oxt/macros.hpp +58 -0
- data/ext/oxt/spin_lock.hpp +55 -0
- data/ext/{apache2/System.cpp → oxt/system_calls.cpp} +87 -52
- data/ext/oxt/system_calls.hpp +234 -0
- data/ext/oxt/thread.cpp +32 -0
- data/ext/oxt/thread.hpp +223 -0
- data/ext/oxt/tracable_exception.cpp +87 -0
- data/ext/oxt/tracable_exception.hpp +35 -0
- data/{lib/passenger/constants.rb → ext/phusion_passenger/extconf.rb} +14 -9
- data/ext/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/native_support.c +33 -6
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/abstract_request_handler.rb +209 -93
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/abstract_server.rb +23 -8
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_collection.rb +301 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools.rb +25 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools/control_process.rb +107 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/application.rb +13 -16
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/console_text_template.rb +2 -2
- data/{ext/passenger/extconf.rb → lib/phusion_passenger/constants.rb} +5 -5
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/dependencies.rb +38 -32
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/events.rb +45 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/exceptions.rb +12 -5
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/html_template.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/message_channel.rb +3 -2
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/platform_info.rb +500 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/rack/application_spawner.rb +29 -22
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/rack/request_handler.rb +14 -9
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/railz/application_spawner.rb +94 -74
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/railz/cgi_fixed.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/railz/framework_spawner.rb +86 -98
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/railz/request_handler.rb +6 -6
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/simple_benchmarking.rb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/spawn_manager.rb +136 -128
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/apache2_config_snippets.txt.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/apache_must_be_compiled_with_compatible_mpm.txt.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/app_exited_during_initialization.html.erb +38 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/app_init_error.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/database_error.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/deployment_example.txt.erb +1 -1
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/error_layout.css +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/error_layout.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/framework_init_error.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/general_error.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/invalid_app_root.html.erb +1 -1
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/load_error.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/no_write_permission_to_passenger_root.txt.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/possible_solutions_for_compilation_and_installation_problems.txt.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/run_installer_as_root.txt.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/version_not_found.html.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/templates/welcome.txt.erb +0 -0
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/utils.rb +210 -44
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/wsgi/application_spawner.rb +18 -15
- data/lib/{passenger → phusion_passenger}/wsgi/request_handler.py +7 -1
- data/man/passenger-memory-stats.8 +1 -1
- data/misc/render_error_pages.rb +1 -1
- data/test/ApplicationPoolServerTest.cpp +0 -28
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- data/test/FileCheckerTest.cpp +79 -0
- data/test/MessageChannelTest.cpp +3 -3
- data/test/PoolOptionsTest.cpp +37 -0
- data/test/SpawnManagerTest.cpp +4 -4
- data/test/StandardApplicationPoolTest.cpp +4 -0
- data/test/SystemTimeTest.cpp +37 -0
- data/test/UtilsTest.cpp +137 -0
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- data/test/stub/minimal-railsapp/vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_view.rb +0 -0
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- data/test/stub/rails_apps/mycook/sites/some.site/public/welcome/cached.html +26 -0
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- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/environment.rb +0 -0
- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/environments/development.rb +0 -0
- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/environments/production.rb +0 -0
- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/initializers/inflections.rb +0 -0
- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/initializers/mime_types.rb +0 -0
- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/routes.rb +0 -0
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- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/adapter/camping.rb +22 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/auth/abstract/handler.rb +28 -0
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- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/auth/basic.rb +58 -0
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- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/evented_mongrel.rb +8 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/fastcgi.rb +86 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/lsws.rb +52 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/mongrel.rb +82 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/scgi.rb +57 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/swiftiplied_mongrel.rb +8 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/thin.rb +15 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb +61 -0
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- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb +27 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/mime.rb +204 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/mock.rb +160 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/recursive.rb +57 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/reloader.rb +64 -0
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- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb +153 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/session/cookie.rb +89 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/session/memcache.rb +97 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/session/pool.rb +73 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/showexceptions.rb +348 -0
- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/showstatus.rb +106 -0
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- data/vendor/rack-0.9.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb +48 -0
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- data/doc/cxxapi/System_8h-source.html +0 -251
- data/doc/cxxapi/classDirectoryMapper-members.html +0 -38
- data/doc/cxxapi/classDirectoryMapper.html +0 -203
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Thread.html +0 -100
- data/doc/cxxapi/classboost_1_1this__thread_1_1disable__syscall__interruption.html +0 -46
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- data/doc/cxxapi/namespacePassenger.html +0 -208
- data/doc/cxxapi/namespacePassenger_1_1InterruptableCalls.html +0 -43
- data/doc/cxxapi/namespacemembers.html +0 -70
- data/doc/cxxapi/namespacemembers_func.html +0 -66
- data/doc/cxxapi/namespacemembers_type.html +0 -46
- data/doc/cxxapi/namespaces.html +0 -35
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Passenger.html +0 -136
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Passenger/AbstractRequestHandler.html +0 -402
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Passenger/SpawnManager.html +0 -379
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Passenger/Utils.html +0 -578
- data/ext/apache2/System.h +0 -228
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- data/lib/passenger/templates/app_exited_during_initialization.html.erb +0 -19
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- data/test/stub/rails_apps/foobar/config/environments/test.rb +0 -22
- data/test/stub/rails_apps/mycook/config/environments/test.rb +0 -22
- data/test/stub/railsapp/config/environments/test.rb +0 -22
- data/test/stub/railsapp2/config/environments/test.rb +0 -22
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<title>Passenger architectural overview</title>
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<body>
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<div id="header">
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<h1>Passenger architectural overview</h1>
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<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
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</div>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="para"><p>This document describes Passenger's architure in a global way. The purpose of
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this document is to lower the barrier to entry for new contributors, as well
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as to explain (some of the) design choices that we have made.</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Or it can be a fun read for people who just want to know how Passenger works.</p></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="_about_the_involved_technologies">1. About the involved technologies</h2>
|
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<h3 id="typical_web_applications">1.1. Typical web applications</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Before we describe Passenger, it is important to understand how typical web
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applications work, from the point of view of someone who wants to connect the
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application to a web server.</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>A typical, isolated, web application accepts an HTTP request from some I/O
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directly: it just means that the web application accepts some kind of
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representation of an HTTP request.</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p><span class="image">
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<img src="images/typical_isolated_web_application.png" alt="Architecture of a typical web application in isolation" title="Architecture of a typical web application in isolation" />
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</span></p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Few web applications are accessible directly by HTTP clients. Common setups
|
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|
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are:</p></div>
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|
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<div class="olist"><ol>
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|
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<li>
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<p>
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The web application is contained in an application server. This application
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application server is then connected to the web server. The web server
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and eventually to the HTTP client.
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<div class="para"><p>A typical example of such a setup is a J2EE application, contained in the
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Tomcat web server, behind the Apache web server.</p></div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
|
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|
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The web application is contained in a web server. In this case, the web
|
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server acts like an application server. This is the case for PHP applications,
|
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on Apache servers with <em>mod_php</em>. Note that this does not necessarily mean
|
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that the web application is run inside the same process as the web server:
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it just means that the web server manages applications.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
|
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|
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The web application <strong>is</strong> a web server, and can accept HTTP requests
|
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|
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directly. This is the case for the Trac bug tracking system, running in its
|
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standalone server. In many setups, such web applications sit behind a different
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web server, instead of accepting HTTP requests directly. The frontend web
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server acts like a reverse HTTP proxy.
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</p>
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</li>
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|
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<li>
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|
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<p>
|
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|
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The web application does not speak HTTP directly, but is connected directly
|
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|
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to the web server through some communication adapter. CGI, FastCGI and SCGI
|
|
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|
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are good examples of this.
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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</li>
|
|
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|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
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|
-
<div class="para"><p>These descriptions are true for virtually all web applications, whether they're
|
|
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|
-
based on PHP, Django, J2EE, ASP.NET, Ruby on Rails, or whatever. Note that all
|
|
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|
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of these setups provide the same functionality, i.e. no setup can do something
|
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|
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that a different setup can't. The critical reader will notice that all of these
|
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setups are identical to the one described in the first diagram, if the
|
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combination of web servers, application servers, web applications etc. are
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considered to be a single entity; a black box if you will.</p></div>
|
|
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|
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<div class="para"><p>It should also be noted that these setups do not enforce any particular
|
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|
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I/O processing implementation. The web servers, application servers, web
|
|
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|
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applications, etc. could process I/O serially (i.e. one request at a time),
|
|
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|
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could multiplex I/O with a single thread (e.g. by using <tt>select(2)</tt> or
|
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|
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<tt>poll(2)</tt>) or it could process I/O with multiple threads and/or multiple
|
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processes.</p></div>
|
|
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|
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<div class="para"><p>Of course, there are many variations possible. For example, load balancers
|
|
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|
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could be used. But that is outside the scope of this document.</p></div>
|
|
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|
-
<h3 id="_ruby_on_rails">1.2. Ruby on Rails</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
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|
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<div class="para"><p>Every Ruby on Rails application has a <em>dispatcher</em>. This dispatcher is
|
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responsible for processing HTTP requests. It does not speak HTTP directly.
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|
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Instead, it accepts data structures that contain the information of an
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HTTP request. Thus, the dispatcher is particularly interesting to
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developers who wish to develop software which connects Ruby on Rails to an
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HTTP processing layer (e.g. a web server).</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>The Ruby on Rails dispatcher can only process requests serially, i.e. one
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at a time. It is not possible to process two requests at the same time
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with threads, because parts of Ruby on Rails are not thread-safe. (In
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practice, this isn't as big of a problem as some people imagine. This will
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be elaborated further in <a href="#concurrent_requests">Handling of concurrent requests</a>.)</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>A particularly interesting thing to note, is that a lot of the memory
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occupied by Ruby on Rails applications is spent on storing the program code
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(i.e. the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree">abstract
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syntax tree (AST)</a>) in memory. This is observed through the use of the
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memory statistics function in <a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com/">Ruby
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|
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Enterprise Edition</a>. Also, a lot of the startup time of a Ruby on Rails
|
|
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|
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application is spent on bootstrapping the Rails framework.</p></div>
|
|
526
|
-
<h3 id="_apache">1.3. Apache</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
527
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The Apache web server has a pluggable I/O multiprocessing (the ability to
|
|
528
|
-
handle more than 1 concurrent HTTP client at the same time) architecture. An
|
|
529
|
-
Apache module which implements a particular multiprocessing strategy, is called
|
|
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|
-
a Multi-Processing Module (MPM). The
|
|
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|
-
<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/prefork.html">prefork MPM</a> — which
|
|
532
|
-
also happens to be the default — appears to be the most popular one. This MPM
|
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|
-
spawns multiple worker child processes. HTTP requests are first accepted by a
|
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|
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so-called control process, and then forwarded to one of the worker processes.
|
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|
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The next section contains a diagram which shows the prefork MPM's architecture.</p></div>
|
|
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|
-
</div>
|
|
537
|
-
<h2 id="_passenger_architecture">2. Passenger architecture</h2>
|
|
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|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
539
|
-
<h3 id="_overview">2.1. Overview</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
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|
-
<div class="para"><p>Passenger's architecture is a lot like setup #2 described in
|
|
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|
-
<a href="#typical_web_applications">Typical web applications</a>. In other words,
|
|
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|
-
Passenger extends Apache and allows it to act like an application server.
|
|
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|
-
Passenger's architecture — assuming Apache 2 with the prefork MPM is used —
|
|
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|
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is shown in the following diagram:</p></div>
|
|
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|
-
<div class="para"><p><span class="image">
|
|
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|
-
<img src="images/passenger_architecture.png" alt="Passenger's architecture" title="Passenger's architecture" />
|
|
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|
-
</span></p></div>
|
|
548
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Passenger consists of an Apache module, <em>mod_passenger</em>. This is written in
|
|
549
|
-
C++, and can be found in the directory <em>ext/apache2</em>. The module is active in
|
|
550
|
-
the Apache control process and in all the Apache worker processes. When an
|
|
551
|
-
HTTP request comes in, <em>mod_passenger</em> will check whether the request should
|
|
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|
-
be handled by a Ruby on Rails application. If so, then <em>mod_passenger</em> will
|
|
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|
-
spawn the corresponding Rails application (if necessary) and forward the
|
|
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|
-
request to that application.</p></div>
|
|
555
|
-
<div class="para"><p>It should be noted that the Ruby on Rails application does <strong>not</strong> run in the
|
|
556
|
-
same address space as Apache. This differentiates Passenger from other
|
|
557
|
-
application-server-inside-web-server software such as mod_php, mod_perl and
|
|
558
|
-
mod_ruby. If the Rails application crashes or leak memory, it will have no
|
|
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|
-
effect on Apache. In fact, stability is one of our highest goals. Passenger
|
|
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|
-
is carefully designed and implemented so that Apache shouldn't crash because
|
|
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|
-
of Passenger.</p></div>
|
|
562
|
-
<h3 id="_spawning_and_caching_of_code_and_applications">2.2. Spawning and caching of code and applications</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
563
|
-
<div class="para"><p>A very naive implementation of Passenger would spawn a Ruby on Rails
|
|
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|
-
application every time an HTTP request is received, just like CGI would.
|
|
565
|
-
However, spawning Ruby on Rails applications is expensive. It can take 1 or 2
|
|
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|
-
seconds on a modern PC, and possibly much longer on a heavily loaded server.
|
|
567
|
-
This overhead is particularily unacceptable on shared hosts. A less naive
|
|
568
|
-
implementation would keep spawned Ruby on Rails application instances alive,
|
|
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|
-
similar to how Lighttpd's FastCGI implementation works.
|
|
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|
-
However, this still has several problems:</p></div>
|
|
571
|
-
<div class="olist"><ol>
|
|
572
|
-
<li>
|
|
573
|
-
<p>
|
|
574
|
-
The first request to a Rails website will be slow, and subsequent requests
|
|
575
|
-
will be fast. But the first request to a different Rails website - on the
|
|
576
|
-
same web server - will still be slow.
|
|
577
|
-
</p>
|
|
578
|
-
</li>
|
|
579
|
-
<li>
|
|
580
|
-
<p>
|
|
581
|
-
As we've explained earlier in this article, a lot of memory in a Rails
|
|
582
|
-
application is spent on storing the AST of the Ruby on Rails framework and
|
|
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|
-
the application. Especially on shared hosts and on memory-constrained
|
|
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|
-
Virtual Private Servers (VPS), this can be a problem.
|
|
585
|
-
</p>
|
|
586
|
-
</li>
|
|
587
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
588
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Both of these problems are very much solvable, and we've chosen to do just
|
|
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|
-
that.</p></div>
|
|
590
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The first problem can be solved by preloading Rails applications, i.e. by
|
|
591
|
-
running the Rails application before a request is ever made to that website.
|
|
592
|
-
This is the approach taken by most Rails hosts, for example in the form of a
|
|
593
|
-
Mongrel cluster which is running all the time. However, this is unacceptable
|
|
594
|
-
for a shared host: such an application would just sit there and waste memory
|
|
595
|
-
even if it's not doing anything. Instead, we've chosen to take a different
|
|
596
|
-
approach, which solves both of the aforementioned problems.</p></div>
|
|
597
|
-
<div class="para"><p>We spawn Rails applications via a <em>spawn server</em>. The spawn server caches Ruby
|
|
598
|
-
on Rails framework code and application code in memory. Spawning a Rails
|
|
599
|
-
application for the first time will still be slow, but subsequent spawn
|
|
600
|
-
attempts will be very fast. Furthermore, because the framework code is cached
|
|
601
|
-
independently from the application code, spawning a different Rails application
|
|
602
|
-
will also be very fast, as long as that application is using a Rails framework
|
|
603
|
-
version that has already been cached.</p></div>
|
|
604
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Another implication of the spawn server is that different Ruby on Rails will
|
|
605
|
-
share memory with each other, thus solving problem #2. This is described in
|
|
606
|
-
detail in <a href="#spawn_server">the next section</a>.</p></div>
|
|
607
|
-
<div class="para"><p>But despite the caching of framework code and application code, spawning is
|
|
608
|
-
still expensive compared to an HTTP request. We want to avoid spawning whenever
|
|
609
|
-
possible. This is why we've introduced the <strong>application pool</strong>. Spawned
|
|
610
|
-
application instances are kept alive, and their handles are stored into this
|
|
611
|
-
pool, allowing each application instance to be reused later. Thus, Passenger
|
|
612
|
-
has very good average case performance.</p></div>
|
|
613
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The application pool is shared between different worker processes. Because the
|
|
614
|
-
worker processes cannot share memory with each other, either shared memory must
|
|
615
|
-
be used to implement the application pool, or a client/server architecture must
|
|
616
|
-
be implemented. We've chosen the latter because it is easier
|
|
617
|
-
to implement. The Apache control process acts like a server for the application
|
|
618
|
-
pool. However, this does not mean that all HTTP request/response data go
|
|
619
|
-
through the control process. A worker process queries the pool for a connection
|
|
620
|
-
session with a Rails application. Once this session has been obtained, the
|
|
621
|
-
worker process will communicate directly with the Rails application.</p></div>
|
|
622
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The application pool is implemented inside <em>mod_passenger</em>. One can find
|
|
623
|
-
detailed documentation about it in
|
|
624
|
-
<a href="cxxapi/index.html">the C++ API documentation</a>,
|
|
625
|
-
in particular the documentation about the <tt>ApplicationPool</tt>,
|
|
626
|
-
<tt>StandardApplicationPool</tt> and <tt>ApplicationPoolServer</tt> classes.</p></div>
|
|
627
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
628
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
629
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
630
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
631
|
-
</td>
|
|
632
|
-
<td class="content">At the moment, Passenger does not support Apache with the worker MPM
|
|
633
|
-
(which uses threads instead of processes). But because the application pool is
|
|
634
|
-
implemented in a modular way, supporting the worker MPM shouldn't take more
|
|
635
|
-
than 10 lines of code.</td>
|
|
636
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
637
|
-
</div>
|
|
638
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The application pool is responsible for spawning applications, caching
|
|
639
|
-
spawned applications' handles, and cleaning up applications which have been
|
|
640
|
-
idle for an extended period of time.</p></div>
|
|
641
|
-
<h3 id="spawn_server">2.3. The spawn server</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
642
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The spawn server is written in Ruby, and its code can be found in the directory
|
|
643
|
-
<em>lib/passenger</em>. Its main executable is <em>bin/passenger-spawn-server</em>.
|
|
644
|
-
<a href="rdoc/index.html">The spawn server's RDoc documentation</a> documents the
|
|
645
|
-
implementation in detail.</p></div>
|
|
646
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The spawn server consists of 3 logical layers:</p></div>
|
|
647
|
-
<div class="olist"><ol>
|
|
648
|
-
<li>
|
|
649
|
-
<p>
|
|
650
|
-
<strong>The spawn manager.</strong> This is the topmost layer, and acts like a fascade for
|
|
651
|
-
all the underlying layers. Clients who use the spawn server only communicate
|
|
652
|
-
with this layer.
|
|
653
|
-
</p>
|
|
654
|
-
</li>
|
|
655
|
-
<li>
|
|
656
|
-
<p>
|
|
657
|
-
<strong>The framework spawner server.</strong> The spawn manager spawns a framework spawner
|
|
658
|
-
server for each unique Ruby on Rails framework version. Each framework
|
|
659
|
-
spawner server caches the code for exactly one Ruby on Rails framework
|
|
660
|
-
version. A spawn request for an application is forwarded to the framework
|
|
661
|
-
spawner server that contains the correct Ruby on Rails version for the
|
|
662
|
-
application.
|
|
663
|
-
</p>
|
|
664
|
-
</li>
|
|
665
|
-
<li>
|
|
666
|
-
<p>
|
|
667
|
-
<strong>The application spawner server.</strong> This is to the framework spawner server
|
|
668
|
-
what the framework spawner server is to the spawn manager. The framework
|
|
669
|
-
spawner server spawns an application spawner server for each unique Ruby on
|
|
670
|
-
Rails application (here “application” does not mean a running process, but
|
|
671
|
-
a set of (source code) files). An application spawner server caches the
|
|
672
|
-
code for exactly one application.
|
|
673
|
-
</p>
|
|
674
|
-
</li>
|
|
675
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
676
|
-
<div class="para"><p><span class="image">
|
|
677
|
-
<img src="images/spawn_server_architecture.png" alt="The spawn server's architecture" title="The spawn server's architecture" />
|
|
678
|
-
</span></p></div>
|
|
679
|
-
<div class="para"><p>As you can see, we have two layers of code caching: when the spawn server
|
|
680
|
-
receives a request to spawn a new application instance, it will forward the
|
|
681
|
-
request to the correct framework spawner server (and will spawn that framework
|
|
682
|
-
spawner server if it doesn't already exist), which — in turn — will forward
|
|
683
|
-
it to the correct application spawner server (which will, again, be created if
|
|
684
|
-
it doesn't already exist).</p></div>
|
|
685
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Each layer is only responsible for the layer directly below. The spawn manager
|
|
686
|
-
only knows about framework spawner servers, and a framework spawner server only
|
|
687
|
-
knows about its application spawner servers. The application spawner server is,
|
|
688
|
-
however, not responsible for managing spawned application instances. If an
|
|
689
|
-
application instance is spawned by mod_passenger, its information will be sent
|
|
690
|
-
back to mod_passenger, which will be fully responsible for managing the
|
|
691
|
-
application instance's life time (through the application pool).</p></div>
|
|
692
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Also note that each layer is a seperate process. This is required because a
|
|
693
|
-
single Ruby process can only load a single Ruby on Rails framework and a
|
|
694
|
-
single application.</p></div>
|
|
695
|
-
<h4 id="_memory_sharing">2.3.1. Memory sharing</h4>
|
|
696
|
-
<div class="para"><p>On most modern Unix operating systems, when a child process is created, it will
|
|
697
|
-
share most of its memory with the parent process. Processes are not supposed to
|
|
698
|
-
be able to access each others' memory, so the operating system makes a copy of
|
|
699
|
-
a piece of memory when it is written to by the parent process or the child
|
|
700
|
-
process. This is called copy-on-write (COW). Detailed background information
|
|
701
|
-
can be found on <a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com/">Ruby Enterprise
|
|
702
|
-
Edition's website</a>.</p></div>
|
|
703
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The spawn server makes use of this useful fact. Each layer shares its Ruby AST
|
|
704
|
-
memory with all of its lower layers, as long as the AST nodes in question
|
|
705
|
-
haven't been written to. This means that all spawned Rails applications will
|
|
706
|
-
— if possible — share the Ruby on Rails framework's code, as well as its own
|
|
707
|
-
application code, with each other. This results in a dramatic reduction in
|
|
708
|
-
memory usage.</p></div>
|
|
709
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
710
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
711
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
712
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
713
|
-
</td>
|
|
714
|
-
<td class="content">
|
|
715
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Sharing memory only works if <a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com/">Ruby
|
|
716
|
-
Enterprise Edition</a> is used. This is because the standard Ruby interpreter's
|
|
717
|
-
garbage collector isn't copy-on-write friendly. Please visit the Ruby
|
|
718
|
-
Enterprise Edition website for technical details.</p></div>
|
|
719
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Passenger works fine with standard Ruby. You still get to enjoy reduced Rails
|
|
720
|
-
startup times. You just won't be able to benefit from memory sharing.</p></div>
|
|
721
|
-
</td>
|
|
722
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
723
|
-
</div>
|
|
724
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Note that <a href="http://rubini.us/">Rubinius</a>'s garbage collector is already
|
|
725
|
-
copy-on-write friendly.</p></div>
|
|
726
|
-
<h3 id="concurrent_requests">2.4. Handling of concurrent requests</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
727
|
-
<div class="para"><p>As explained earlier, a single Rails application instance can only handle a
|
|
728
|
-
single request at the same time. This is obviously undesirable. But before we
|
|
729
|
-
dive into the solution, let us take a look how the “competition” solves this
|
|
730
|
-
problem. PHP has similar problems: a single PHP script can also process only
|
|
731
|
-
one HTTP request at a time.</p></div>
|
|
732
|
-
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
733
|
-
<li>
|
|
734
|
-
<p>
|
|
735
|
-
mod_php “solves” this problem by using Apache's MPM. In other words,
|
|
736
|
-
mod_php doesn't do anything by itself at all. A single Apache worker
|
|
737
|
-
process/thread can only handle 1 PHP request at a time, but Apache spawns
|
|
738
|
-
multiple worker processes/threads.
|
|
739
|
-
</p>
|
|
740
|
-
</li>
|
|
741
|
-
<li>
|
|
742
|
-
<p>
|
|
743
|
-
PHP-FastCGI solves the problem by spawning multiple persistent PHP servers.
|
|
744
|
-
The number of PHP servers is independent from the number of Apache worker
|
|
745
|
-
processes/threads. This approach is a lot like existing Rails setups, in
|
|
746
|
-
which a frontend web server proxies requests to a persistent Mongrel cluster.
|
|
747
|
-
</p>
|
|
748
|
-
</li>
|
|
749
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
750
|
-
<div class="para"><p>Passenger cannot use the mod_php way because it would force us to spawn a new
|
|
751
|
-
Rails application for each request, which is — as explained earlier —
|
|
752
|
-
unacceptably slow. Instead, Passenger uses the PHP-FastCGI approach. We
|
|
753
|
-
maintain a pool of application instances, and whenever a request is received,
|
|
754
|
-
we forward the request to one of the application instances in the pool. The
|
|
755
|
-
size of the pool is configurable, which is useful for administrators of servers
|
|
756
|
-
that are either heavily loaded or have little memory.</p></div>
|
|
757
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The reader might also be interested in studying the application pool's
|
|
758
|
-
algorithm, which is non-trivial. The algorithm is documented in detail in
|
|
759
|
-
<a href="ApplicationPool%20algorithm.txt">ApplicationPool algorithm.txt</a>.</p></div>
|
|
760
|
-
</div>
|
|
761
|
-
<h2 id="_appendix_a_about_this_document">3. Appendix A: About this document</h2>
|
|
762
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
763
|
-
<div class="para"><p>The text of this document is licensed under the
|
|
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|
-
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons
|
|
765
|
-
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License</a>.</p></div>
|
|
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|
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<div class="para"><p><span class="image">
|
|
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|
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<a class="image" href="link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
|
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|
-
<img src="images/by_sa.png" alt="images/by_sa.png" />
|
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|
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</a>
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|
-
</span></p></div>
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|
-
</div>
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|
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<div id="footer">
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|
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<div id="footer-text">
|
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|
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Last updated 2008-12-01 14:21:21 CEST
|
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|
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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asciidoc required to build docs
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