pangea 0.0.42 → 0.0.45

data/lib/pangea/resources/aws_qldb_ledger/CLAUDE.md

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+# AWS QLDB Ledger - Architecture and Implementation
+
+## Overview
+
+Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) is a fully managed ledger database that provides a transparent, immutable, and cryptographically verifiable transaction log. The `aws_qldb_ledger` resource creates and manages QLDB ledgers, which serve as the foundation for applications requiring an authoritative data source with complete audit history.
+
+## Core Architecture
+
+### Immutable Journal
+
+QLDB's architecture centers around an append-only journal:
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                QLDB Ledger                  │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│  ┌─────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐  │
+│  │   Journal    │───▶│  Current State   │  │
+│  │ (Immutable) │    │  (Materialized)  │  │
+│  └─────────────┘    └──────────────────┘  │
+│         │                                   │
+│         ▼                                   │
+│  ┌─────────────┐                          │
+│  │ Merkle Tree │                          │
+│  │   (Proof)   │                          │
+│  └─────────────┘                          │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Cryptographic Verification
+
+Every transaction is cryptographically linked:
+
+```ruby
+# Verification chain structure
+def generate_block_hash(block)
+  previous_hash = block.previous_block_hash
+  entries_hash = calculate_entries_hash(block.entries)
+  
+  sha256(previous_hash + entries_hash + block.metadata)
+end
+
+# Merkle tree proof generation
+def generate_merkle_proof(document_revision, tip_hash)
+  proof_hashes = []
+  current_hash = hash(document_revision)
+  
+  # Build proof path from document to root
+  while current_hash != tip_hash
+    sibling_hash = get_sibling_hash(current_hash)
+    proof_hashes << sibling_hash
+    current_hash = hash(current_hash + sibling_hash)
+  end
+  
+  proof_hashes
+end
+```
+
+## Implementation Patterns
+
+### Financial Transaction Ledger
+
+```ruby
+# Complete financial transaction system
+def create_financial_transaction_system
+  # Create the ledger with maximum security
+  ledger = aws_qldb_ledger(:financial_transactions, {
+    name: "BankingTransactions",
+    permissions_mode: "STANDARD",
+    deletion_protection: true,
+    kms_key: financial_kms_key.arn,
+    tags: {
+      Compliance: "PCI-DSS",
+      System: "CoreBanking"
+    }
+  })
+  
+  # Set up tables
+  tables = setup_financial_tables(ledger)
+  
+  # Configure access controls
+  access_policies = configure_financial_access(ledger)
+  
+  # Set up streaming for real-time processing
+  stream = setup_transaction_streaming(ledger)
+  
+  # Configure verification automation
+  verification = setup_automated_verification(ledger)
+  
+  {
+    ledger: ledger,
+    tables: tables,
+    access: access_policies,
+    streaming: stream,
+    verification: verification
+  }
+end
+
+def setup_financial_tables(ledger)
+  table_definitions = {
+    Accounts: {
+      indexes: ["AccountNumber", "CustomerId"],
+      schema: {
+        AccountNumber: "string",
+        CustomerId: "string",
+        Balance: "decimal",
+        Currency: "string",
+        Status: "string"
+      }
+    },
+    Transactions: {
+      indexes: ["TransactionId", "AccountNumber", "Timestamp"],
+      schema: {
+        TransactionId: "string",
+        FromAccount: "string",
+        ToAccount: "string",
+        Amount: "decimal",
+        Currency: "string",
+        Timestamp: "timestamp",
+        Type: "string"
+      }
+    },
+    AuditLog: {
+      indexes: ["EventId", "Timestamp", "UserId"],
+      schema: {
+        EventId: "string",
+        UserId: "string",
+        Action: "string",
+        Resource: "string",
+        Timestamp: "timestamp",
+        IPAddress: "string"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  table_definitions.map do |table_name, config|
+    create_table_with_indexes(ledger, table_name, config)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Supply Chain Tracking
+
+```ruby
+# Supply chain provenance tracking
+def create_supply_chain_ledger
+  ledger = aws_qldb_ledger(:supply_chain, {
+    name: "SupplyChainProvenance",
+    permissions_mode: "STANDARD",
+    deletion_protection: true,
+    kms_key: supply_chain_kms_key.arn
+  })
+  
+  # Define supply chain data model
+  tables = {
+    Products: create_products_table(ledger),
+    Shipments: create_shipments_table(ledger),
+    Locations: create_locations_table(ledger),
+    Custody: create_custody_table(ledger),
+    Certifications: create_certifications_table(ledger)
+  }
+  
+  # Set up verification endpoints
+  verification_api = create_verification_api(ledger)
+  
+  # Configure partner access
+  partner_access = configure_partner_access(ledger)
+  
+  {
+    ledger: ledger,
+    tables: tables,
+    api: verification_api,
+    access: partner_access
+  }
+end
+
+# Track product movement through supply chain
+def track_product_movement(ledger, product_id, movement)
+  transaction_result = execute_transaction(ledger) do |txn|
+    # Update product location
+    txn.execute(
+      "UPDATE Products SET currentLocation = ?, lastUpdated = ? WHERE productId = ?",
+      movement[:new_location],
+      movement[:timestamp],
+      product_id
+    )
+    
+    # Record custody transfer
+    txn.execute(
+      "INSERT INTO Custody VALUE ?",
+      {
+        productId: product_id,
+        fromEntity: movement[:from_entity],
+        toEntity: movement[:to_entity],
+        location: movement[:new_location],
+        timestamp: movement[:timestamp],
+        verificationProof: movement[:proof]
+      }
+    )
+    
+    # Update shipment status if applicable
+    if movement[:shipment_id]
+      txn.execute(
+        "UPDATE Shipments SET status = ?, currentLocation = ? WHERE shipmentId = ?",
+        movement[:shipment_status],
+        movement[:new_location],
+        movement[:shipment_id]
+      )
+    end
+  end
+  
+  # Generate cryptographic proof of movement
+  generate_movement_proof(ledger, transaction_result)
+end
+```
+
+### Healthcare Records Management
+
+```ruby
+# HIPAA-compliant healthcare records
+def create_healthcare_records_system
+  # Create encrypted ledger for patient data
+  ledger = aws_qldb_ledger(:patient_records, {
+    name: "PatientHealthRecords",
+    permissions_mode: "STANDARD",
+    deletion_protection: true,
+    kms_key: hipaa_compliant_key.arn,
+    tags: {
+      Compliance: "HIPAA",
+      DataType: "PHI",
+      System: "EHR"
+    }
+  })
+  
+  # Patient consent tracking
+  consent_system = implement_consent_management(ledger)
+  
+  # Access audit trail
+  audit_system = implement_access_auditing(ledger)
+  
+  # Data integrity verification
+  integrity_system = implement_integrity_checks(ledger)
+  
+  {
+    ledger: ledger,
+    consent: consent_system,
+    audit: audit_system,
+    integrity: integrity_system
+  }
+end
+
+def implement_consent_management(ledger)
+  # Create consent tracking table
+  create_table(ledger, "PatientConsent", {
+    indexes: ["PatientId", "ProviderId", "ConsentType"],
+    schema: {
+      PatientId: "string",
+      ProviderId: "string",
+      ConsentType: "string",
+      Granted: "boolean",
+      ExpirationDate: "timestamp",
+      Restrictions: "document"
+    }
+  })
+  
+  # Consent verification function
+  consent_verifier = lambda do |patient_id, provider_id, action|
+    result = query_ledger(ledger, 
+      "SELECT * FROM PatientConsent WHERE PatientId = ? AND ProviderId = ? AND ConsentType = ?",
+      patient_id, provider_id, action
+    )
+    
+    consent = result.first
+    consent && consent[:Granted] && Time.now < consent[:ExpirationDate]
+  end
+  
+  consent_verifier
+end
+```
+
+## Query Patterns
+
+### PartiQL Query Optimization
+
+```ruby
+# Optimized query patterns for QLDB
+class QLDBQueryOptimizer
+  def initialize(ledger)
+    @ledger = ledger
+  end
+  
+  # Use indexed lookups when possible
+  def find_by_index(table, index_field, value)
+    execute_statement(
+      "SELECT * FROM #{table} WHERE #{index_field} = ?",
+      value
+    )
+  end
+  
+  # Batch queries for efficiency
+  def batch_lookup(table, field, values)
+    placeholders = values.map { "?" }.join(", ")
+    execute_statement(
+      "SELECT * FROM #{table} WHERE #{field} IN (#{placeholders})",
+      *values
+    )
+  end
+  
+  # Time-range queries with optimization
+  def query_time_range(table, start_time, end_time)
+    # Use committed view for historical queries
+    execute_statement(
+      "SELECT * FROM _ql_committed_#{table} WHERE metadata.txTime >= ? AND metadata.txTime <= ?",
+      start_time,
+      end_time
+    )
+  end
+  
+  # Document history traversal
+  def get_document_history(table, document_id)
+    execute_statement(
+      "SELECT * FROM history(#{table}) WHERE metadata.id = ?",
+      document_id
+    )
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Verification Patterns
+
+```ruby
+# Automated verification system
+def setup_verification_automation(ledger)
+  # Periodic verification job
+  verification_job = aws_eventbridge_rule(:verify_ledger, {
+    name: "#{ledger.name}-verification",
+    schedule_expression: "rate(1 hour)",
+    targets: [{
+      arn: verification_lambda.arn,
+      input: JSON.generate({
+        ledger_name: ledger.name,
+        verification_type: "full"
+      })
+    }]
+  })
+  
+  # Verification lambda function
+  verification_lambda = aws_lambda_function(:ledger_verifier, {
+    function_name: "#{ledger.name}-verifier",
+    runtime: "python3.9",
+    handler: "verifier.handler",
+    environment: {
+      variables: {
+        LEDGER_NAME: ledger.name,
+        SNS_TOPIC_ARN: alert_topic.arn
+      }
+    },
+    code: verification_lambda_code
+  })
+  
+  # Verification logic
+  verification_logic = lambda do |event|
+    ledger_name = event["ledger_name"]
+    
+    # Get latest digest
+    digest = get_digest(ledger_name)
+    
+    # Verify random sample of documents
+    sample_size = 100
+    documents = get_random_documents(ledger_name, sample_size)
+    
+    verification_results = documents.map do |doc|
+      verify_document(
+        ledger_name,
+        doc[:id],
+        doc[:block_address],
+        digest[:digest_tip_address]
+      )
+    end
+    
+    # Alert on any failures
+    failures = verification_results.reject { |r| r[:verified] }
+    if failures.any?
+      send_alert("Verification failed for #{failures.count} documents")
+    end
+    
+    {
+      verified_count: sample_size,
+      failure_count: failures.count,
+      digest_used: digest[:digest]
+    }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Performance Optimization
+
+### Write Optimization
+
+```ruby
+# Batch write operations for better performance
+def optimized_batch_write(ledger, records)
+  # Group records by table
+  grouped = records.group_by { |r| r[:table] }
+  
+  # Execute batched inserts
+  grouped.each do |table, table_records|
+    # QLDB performs better with smaller batches
+    table_records.each_slice(40) do |batch|
+      execute_transaction(ledger) do |txn|
+        batch.each do |record|
+          txn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO #{table} VALUE ?",
+            record[:data]
+          )
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Parallel processing for large datasets
+def parallel_import(ledger, large_dataset)
+  # Split dataset for parallel processing
+  chunks = large_dataset.each_slice(1000).to_a
+  
+  # Process chunks in parallel with controlled concurrency
+  Parallel.map(chunks, in_threads: 10) do |chunk|
+    optimized_batch_write(ledger, chunk)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Read Optimization
+
+```ruby
+# Caching layer for frequent queries
+def create_read_cache(ledger)
+  # ElastiCache for query results
+  cache = aws_elasticache_cluster(:qldb_cache, {
+    cluster_id: "#{ledger.name}-cache",
+    engine: "redis",
+    node_type: "cache.r6g.large",
+    num_cache_nodes: 3
+  })
+  
+  # Cache wrapper for queries
+  cached_query = lambda do |query, params, ttl = 300|
+    cache_key = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest("#{query}:#{params.join(':')}")
+    
+    # Check cache first
+    cached = redis_client.get(cache_key)
+    return JSON.parse(cached) if cached
+    
+    # Execute query and cache result
+    result = execute_statement(ledger, query, *params)
+    redis_client.setex(cache_key, ttl, result.to_json)
+    
+    result
+  end
+  
+  cached_query
+end
+```
+
+## Integration Patterns
+
+### Event-Driven Architecture
+
+```ruby
+# Stream QLDB changes to event bus
+def setup_event_driven_integration(ledger)
+  # Create Kinesis stream for QLDB
+  kinesis_stream = aws_kinesis_stream(:qldb_stream, {
+    name: "#{ledger.name}-stream",
+    shard_count: 10,
+    retention_period_hours: 168
+  })
+  
+  # Configure QLDB stream
+  qldb_stream = aws_qldb_stream(:ledger_stream, {
+    stream_name: "#{ledger.name}-event-stream",
+    ledger_name: ledger.name,
+    role_arn: stream_role.arn,
+    kinesis_configuration: {
+      stream_arn: kinesis_stream.arn,
+      aggregation_enabled: true
+    },
+    inclusive_start_time: Time.now.iso8601
+  })
+  
+  # Process streams with Lambda
+  stream_processor = aws_lambda_event_source_mapping(:qldb_processor, {
+    event_source_arn: kinesis_stream.arn,
+    function_name: process_lambda.function_name,
+    starting_position: "LATEST",
+    parallelization_factor: 10,
+    maximum_batching_window_in_seconds: 5
+  })
+  
+  # Event routing logic
+  process_lambda = create_event_router_lambda(ledger)
+  
+  {
+    stream: qldb_stream,
+    kinesis: kinesis_stream,
+    processor: stream_processor
+  }
+end
+```
+
+### Analytics Integration
+
+```ruby
+# Export QLDB data for analytics
+def setup_analytics_pipeline(ledger)
+  # S3 bucket for exports
+  export_bucket = aws_s3_bucket(:qldb_exports, {
+    bucket: "#{ledger.name}-exports",
+    versioning: { enabled: true },
+    lifecycle_rule: [{
+      id: "archive-old-exports",
+      status: "Enabled",
+      transition: [{
+        days: 30,
+        storage_class: "GLACIER"
+      }]
+    }]
+  })
+  
+  # Scheduled export job
+  export_job = aws_glue_job(:qldb_exporter, {
+    name: "#{ledger.name}-export",
+    role_arn: glue_role.arn,
+    command: {
+      name: "glueetl",
+      script_location: "s3://scripts/qldb-export.py"
+    },
+    default_arguments: {
+      "--LEDGER_NAME": ledger.name,
+      "--OUTPUT_BUCKET": export_bucket.bucket,
+      "--OUTPUT_FORMAT": "parquet"
+    }
+  })
+  
+  # Athena for SQL analytics
+  athena_database = aws_athena_database(:qldb_analytics, {
+    name: "#{ledger.name}_analytics",
+    bucket: export_bucket.bucket
+  })
+  
+  # Create external tables for exported data
+  create_athena_tables(athena_database, ledger)
+  
+  {
+    export_bucket: export_bucket,
+    export_job: export_job,
+    analytics_db: athena_database
+  }
+end
+```
+
+## Security Best Practices
+
+### Encryption and Key Management
+
+```ruby
+# Comprehensive encryption strategy
+def implement_encryption_strategy(ledger_name)
+  # Create dedicated KMS key for QLDB
+  qldb_key = aws_kms_key(:qldb_key, {
+    description: "QLDB encryption key for #{ledger_name}",
+    key_policy: JSON.generate({
+      Version: "2012-10-17",
+      Statement: [
+        {
+          Sid: "Enable IAM policies",
+          Effect: "Allow",
+          Principal: { AWS: "arn:aws:iam::#{account_id}:root" },
+          Action: "kms:*",
+          Resource: "*"
+        },
+        {
+          Sid: "Allow QLDB service",
+          Effect: "Allow",
+          Principal: { Service: "qldb.amazonaws.com" },
+          Action: [
+            "kms:Decrypt",
+            "kms:GenerateDataKey"
+          ],
+          Resource: "*"
+        }
+      ]
+    })
+  })
+  
+  # Key rotation
+  enable_key_rotation(qldb_key)
+  
+  # Create ledger with encryption
+  ledger = aws_qldb_ledger(:encrypted_ledger, {
+    name: ledger_name,
+    permissions_mode: "STANDARD",
+    deletion_protection: true,
+    kms_key: qldb_key.arn
+  })
+  
+  {
+    key: qldb_key,
+    ledger: ledger
+  }
+end
+```
+
+### Access Control
+
+```ruby
+# Fine-grained access control
+def implement_access_control(ledger)
+  roles = {
+    # Read-only role
+    reader: aws_iam_role(:qldb_reader, {
+      name: "#{ledger.name}-reader",
+      assume_role_policy_document: trust_policy,
+      inline_policy: [{
+        name: "QLDBReadOnly",
+        policy: JSON.generate({
+          Version: "2012-10-17",
+          Statement: [{
+            Effect: "Allow",
+            Action: [
+              "qldb:ExecuteStatement",
+              "qldb:GetBlock",
+              "qldb:GetDigest",
+              "qldb:GetRevision"
+            ],
+            Resource: ledger.arn,
+            Condition: {
+              StringEquals: {
+                "qldb:command": ["SELECT"]
+              }
+            }
+          }]
+        })
+      }]
+    }),
+    
+    # Writer role
+    writer: aws_iam_role(:qldb_writer, {
+      name: "#{ledger.name}-writer",
+      assume_role_policy_document: trust_policy,
+      inline_policy: [{
+        name: "QLDBReadWrite",
+        policy: JSON.generate({
+          Version: "2012-10-17",
+          Statement: [{
+            Effect: "Allow",
+            Action: ["qldb:SendCommand"],
+            Resource: ledger.arn
+          }]
+        })
+      }]
+    }),
+    
+    # Admin role
+    admin: aws_iam_role(:qldb_admin, {
+      name: "#{ledger.name}-admin",
+      assume_role_policy_document: trust_policy,
+      managed_policy_arns: [
+        "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonQLDBFullAccess"
+      ]
+    })
+  }
+  
+  roles
+end
+```
+
+## Disaster Recovery
+
+### Backup and Recovery
+
+```ruby
+# Comprehensive backup strategy
+def implement_backup_strategy(ledger)
+  # Journal export for point-in-time recovery
+  export_config = {
+    bucket: backup_bucket,
+    prefix: "qldb-backups/#{ledger.name}",
+    encryption: {
+      type: "SSE_S3"
+    }
+  }
+  
+  # Scheduled exports
+  backup_schedule = aws_eventbridge_rule(:qldb_backup, {
+    name: "#{ledger.name}-backup",
+    schedule_expression: "rate(6 hours)",
+    targets: [{
+      arn: backup_lambda.arn,
+      input: JSON.generate({
+        ledger_name: ledger.name,
+        export_config: export_config
+      })
+    }]
+  })
+  
+  # Cross-region replication
+  replicated_bucket = setup_cross_region_replication(backup_bucket)
+  
+  {
+    export_config: export_config,
+    schedule: backup_schedule,
+    replication: replicated_bucket
+  }
+end
+```
+
+## Future Considerations
+
+### Blockchain Integration
+- Cross-chain verification
+- Hybrid QLDB-blockchain architectures
+- Decentralized identity integration
+
+### Advanced Analytics
+- ML-based anomaly detection
+- Predictive compliance monitoring
+- Real-time fraud detection
+
+### Quantum-Safe Cryptography
+- Post-quantum hash functions
+- Quantum-resistant signatures
+- Future-proof verification chains