oj 3.7.4 → 3.13.21

data/ext/oj/fast.c

@@ -1,216 +1,172 @@
-/* fast.c
- * Copyright (c) 2012, Peter Ohler
- * All rights reserved.
- * 
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- * 
- *  - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
- *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 
- *  - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
- *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
- *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 
- *  - Neither the name of Peter Ohler nor the names of its contributors may be
- *    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
- *    specific prior written permission.
- * 
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
- * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
- * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
- * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
- * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
+// Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Ohler. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for
+// license details.
 
 #if !IS_WINDOWS
 #include <sys/resource.h>  // for getrlimit() on linux
 #endif
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 
-#include "oj.h"
 #include "encode.h"
+#include "oj.h"
+#include "dump.h"
 
 // maximum to allocate on the stack, arbitrary limit
-#define SMALL_XML	65536
-#define MAX_STACK	100
-//#define BATCH_SIZE	(4096 / sizeof(struct _Leaf) - 1)
-#define BATCH_SIZE	100
-
-typedef struct _Batch {
-    struct _Batch	*next;
-    int			next_avail;
-    struct _Leaf	leaves[BATCH_SIZE];
-} *Batch;
-
-typedef struct _Doc {
-    Leaf		data;
-    Leaf		*where;	     // points to current location
-    Leaf		where_path[MAX_STACK]; // points to head of path
-    char		*json;
-    unsigned long	size;	     // number of leaves/branches in the doc
-    VALUE		self;
-    Batch		batches;
-    struct _Batch	batch0;
-} *Doc;
-
-typedef struct _ParseInfo {
-    char	*str;		/* buffer being read from */
-    char	*s;		/* current position in buffer */
-    Doc		doc;
-    void	*stack_min;
-} *ParseInfo;
-
-static void	leaf_init(Leaf leaf, int type);
-static Leaf	leaf_new(Doc doc, int type);
-static void	leaf_append_element(Leaf parent, Leaf element);
-static VALUE	leaf_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
-static void	leaf_fixnum_value(Leaf leaf);
-static void	leaf_float_value(Leaf leaf);
-static VALUE	leaf_array_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
-static VALUE	leaf_hash_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
-
-static Leaf	read_next(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_obj(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_array(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_str(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_num(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_true(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_false(ParseInfo pi);
-static Leaf	read_nil(ParseInfo pi);
-static void	next_non_white(ParseInfo pi);
-static char*	read_quoted_value(ParseInfo pi);
-static void	skip_comment(ParseInfo pi);
-
-static VALUE	protect_open_proc(VALUE x);
-static VALUE	parse_json(VALUE clas, char *json, bool given, bool allocated);
-static void	each_leaf(Doc doc, VALUE self);
-static int	move_step(Doc doc, const char *path, int loc);
-static Leaf	get_doc_leaf(Doc doc, const char *path);
-static Leaf	get_leaf(Leaf *stack, Leaf *lp, const char *path);
-static void	each_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
-
-static void	doc_init(Doc doc);
-static void	doc_free(Doc doc);
-static VALUE	doc_open(VALUE clas, VALUE str);
-static VALUE	doc_open_file(VALUE clas, VALUE filename);
-static VALUE	doc_where(VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_local_key(VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_home(VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_type(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_each_leaf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_move(VALUE self, VALUE str);
-static VALUE	doc_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_each_value(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-static VALUE	doc_size(VALUE self);
-
-VALUE	oj_doc_class = Qundef;
+#define SMALL_JSON 65536
+#define MAX_STACK 100
+//#define BATCH_SIZE	(4096 / sizeof(struct _leaf) - 1)
+#define BATCH_SIZE 100
+
+// Support for compaction
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_GC_MARK_MOVABLE
+#define mark rb_gc_mark_movable
+#else
+#define mark rb_gc_mark
+#endif
+
+typedef struct _batch {
+    struct _batch *next;
+    int            next_avail;
+    struct _leaf   leaves[BATCH_SIZE];
+} * Batch;
+
+typedef struct _doc {
+    Leaf          data;
+    Leaf *        where;                  // points to current location
+    Leaf          where_path[MAX_STACK];  // points to head of path
+    char *        json;
+    unsigned long size;  // number of leaves/branches in the doc
+    VALUE         self;
+    Batch         batches;
+    struct _batch batch0;
+} * Doc;
+
+typedef struct _parseInfo {
+    char *str;  // buffer being read from
+    char *s;    // current position in buffer
+    Doc   doc;
+    void *stack_min;
+} * ParseInfo;
+
+static void  leaf_init(Leaf leaf, int type);
+static Leaf  leaf_new(Doc doc, int type);
+static void  leaf_append_element(Leaf parent, Leaf element);
+static VALUE leaf_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
+static void  leaf_fixnum_value(Leaf leaf);
+static void  leaf_float_value(Leaf leaf);
+static VALUE leaf_array_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
+static VALUE leaf_hash_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
+
+static Leaf  read_next(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_obj(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_array(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_str(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_num(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_true(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_false(ParseInfo pi);
+static Leaf  read_nil(ParseInfo pi);
+static void  next_non_white(ParseInfo pi);
+static char *read_quoted_value(ParseInfo pi);
+static void  skip_comment(ParseInfo pi);
+
+static VALUE protect_open_proc(VALUE x);
+static VALUE parse_json(VALUE clas, char *json, bool given, bool allocated);
+static void  each_leaf(Doc doc, VALUE self);
+static int   move_step(Doc doc, const char *path, int loc);
+static Leaf  get_doc_leaf(Doc doc, const char *path);
+static Leaf  get_leaf(Leaf *stack, Leaf *lp, const char *path);
+static void  each_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf);
+
+VALUE oj_doc_class = Qundef;
 
 // This is only for CentOS 5.4 with Ruby 1.9.3-p0.
 #ifndef HAVE_STPCPY
 char *stpcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
-    size_t	cnt = strlen(src);
-    
+    size_t cnt = strlen(src);
+
     strcpy(dest, src);
 
     return dest + cnt;
 }
 #endif
 
-inline static void
-next_non_white(ParseInfo pi) {
+inline static void next_non_white(ParseInfo pi) {
     for (; 1; pi->s++) {
-	switch(*pi->s) {
-	case ' ':
-	case '\t':
-	case '\f':
-	case '\n':
-	case '\r':
-	    break;
-	case '/':
-	    skip_comment(pi);
-	    break;
-	default:
-	    return;
-	}
+        switch (*pi->s) {
+        case ' ':
+        case '\t':
+        case '\f':
+        case '\n':
+        case '\r': break;
+        case '/': skip_comment(pi); break;
+        default: return;
+        }
     }
 }
 
-inline static char*
-ulong_fill(char *s, size_t num) {
-    char	buf[32];
-    char	*b = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
+inline static char *ulong_fill(char *s, size_t num) {
+    char  buf[32];
+    char *b = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
 
     *b-- = '\0';
     for (; 0 < num; num /= 10, b--) {
-	*b = (num % 10) + '0';
+        *b = (num % 10) + '0';
     }
     b++;
     if ('\0' == *b) {
-	b--;
-	*b = '0';
+        b--;
+        *b = '0';
     }
     for (; '\0' != *b; b++, s++) {
-	*s = *b;
+        *s = *b;
     }
     return s;
 }
 
-inline static void
-leaf_init(Leaf leaf, int type) {
-    leaf->next = 0;
-    leaf->rtype = type;
+inline static void leaf_init(Leaf leaf, int type) {
+    leaf->next        = 0;
+    leaf->rtype       = type;
     leaf->parent_type = T_NONE;
     switch (type) {
     case T_ARRAY:
     case T_HASH:
-	leaf->elements = 0;
-	leaf->value_type = COL_VAL;
-	break;
+        leaf->elements   = 0;
+        leaf->value_type = COL_VAL;
+        break;
     case T_NIL:
-	leaf->value = Qnil;
-	leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
-	break;
+        leaf->value      = Qnil;
+        leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
+        break;
     case T_TRUE:
-	leaf->value = Qtrue;
-	leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
-	break;
+        leaf->value      = Qtrue;
+        leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
+        break;
     case T_FALSE:
-	leaf->value = Qfalse;
-	leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
-	break;
+        leaf->value      = Qfalse;
+        leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
+        break;
     case T_FIXNUM:
     case T_FLOAT:
     case T_STRING:
-    default:
-	leaf->value_type = STR_VAL;
-	break;
+    default: leaf->value_type = STR_VAL; break;
     }
 }
 
-inline static Leaf
-leaf_new(Doc doc, int type) {
-    Leaf	leaf;
+inline static Leaf leaf_new(Doc doc, int type) {
+    Leaf leaf;
 
     if (0 == doc->batches || BATCH_SIZE == doc->batches->next_avail) {
-	Batch	b = ALLOC(struct _Batch);
+        Batch b = ALLOC(struct _batch);
 
-	// Initializes all leaves with a NO_VAL value_type
-	memset(b, 0, sizeof(struct _Batch));
-	b->next = doc->batches;
-	doc->batches = b;
-	b->next_avail = 0;
+        // Initializes all leaves with a NO_VAL value_type
+        memset(b, 0, sizeof(struct _batch));
+        b->next       = doc->batches;
+        doc->batches  = b;
+        b->next_avail = 0;
     }
     leaf = &doc->batches->leaves[doc->batches->next_avail];
     doc->batches->next_avail++;
@@ -219,93 +175,71 @@ leaf_new(Doc doc, int type) {
     return leaf;
 }
 
-inline static void
-leaf_append_element(Leaf parent, Leaf element) {
+inline static void leaf_append_element(Leaf parent, Leaf element) {
     if (0 == parent->elements) {
-	parent->elements = element;
-	element->next = element;
+        parent->elements = element;
+        element->next    = element;
     } else {
-	element->next = parent->elements->next;
-	parent->elements->next = element;
-	parent->elements = element;
+        element->next          = parent->elements->next;
+        parent->elements->next = element;
+        parent->elements       = element;
     }
 }
 
-static VALUE
-leaf_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
+static VALUE leaf_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
     if (RUBY_VAL != leaf->value_type) {
-	switch (leaf->rtype) {
-	case T_NIL:
-	    leaf->value = Qnil;
-	    break;
-	case T_TRUE:
-	    leaf->value = Qtrue;
-	    break;
-	case T_FALSE:
-	    leaf->value = Qfalse;
-	    break;
-	case T_FIXNUM:
-	    leaf_fixnum_value(leaf);
-	    break;
-	case T_FLOAT:
-	    leaf_float_value(leaf);
-	    break;
-	case T_STRING:
-	    leaf->value = rb_str_new2(leaf->str);
-	    leaf->value = oj_encode(leaf->value);
-	    leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
-	    break;
-	case T_ARRAY:
-	    return leaf_array_value(doc, leaf);
-	    break;
-	case T_HASH:
-	    return leaf_hash_value(doc, leaf);
-	    break;
-	default:
-	    rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("Error")), "Unexpected type %02x.", leaf->rtype);
-	    break;
-	}
+        switch (leaf->rtype) {
+        case T_NIL: leaf->value = Qnil; break;
+        case T_TRUE: leaf->value = Qtrue; break;
+        case T_FALSE: leaf->value = Qfalse; break;
+        case T_FIXNUM: leaf_fixnum_value(leaf); break;
+        case T_FLOAT: leaf_float_value(leaf); break;
+        case T_STRING:
+            leaf->value      = rb_str_new2(leaf->str);
+            leaf->value      = oj_encode(leaf->value);
+            leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
+            break;
+        case T_ARRAY: return leaf_array_value(doc, leaf); break;
+        case T_HASH: return leaf_hash_value(doc, leaf); break;
+        default: rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("Error")), "Unexpected type %02x.", leaf->rtype); break;
+        }
     }
     return leaf->value;
 }
 
-inline static Doc
-self_doc(VALUE self) {
-    Doc	doc = DATA_PTR(self);
+inline static Doc self_doc(VALUE self) {
+    Doc doc = DATA_PTR(self);
 
     if (0 == doc) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "Document already closed or not open.");
+        rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "Document already closed or not open.");
     }
     return doc;
 }
 
-static void
-skip_comment(ParseInfo pi) {
-    pi->s++; // skip first /
+static void skip_comment(ParseInfo pi) {
+    pi->s++;  // skip first /
     if ('*' == *pi->s) {
-	pi->s++;
-	for (; '\0' != *pi->s; pi->s++) {
-	    if ('*' == *pi->s && '/' == *(pi->s + 1)) {
-		pi->s++;
-		return;
-	    } else if ('\0' == *pi->s) {
-		raise_error("comment not terminated", pi->str, pi->s);
-	    }
-	}
+        pi->s++;
+        for (; '\0' != *pi->s; pi->s++) {
+            if ('*' == *pi->s && '/' == *(pi->s + 1)) {
+                pi->s++;
+                return;
+            } else if ('\0' == *pi->s) {
+                raise_error("comment not terminated", pi->str, pi->s);
+            }
+        }
     } else if ('/' == *pi->s) {
-	for (; 1; pi->s++) {
-	    switch (*pi->s) {
-	    case '\n':
-	    case '\r':
-	    case '\f':
-	    case '\0':
-		return;
-	    default:
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
+        for (; 1; pi->s++) {
+            switch (*pi->s) {
+            case '\n':
+            case '\r':
+            case '\f':
+            case '\0': return;
+            default: break;
+            }
+        }
     } else {
-	raise_error("invalid comment", pi->str, pi->s);
+        raise_error("invalid comment", pi->str, pi->s);
     }
 }
 
@@ -315,100 +249,88 @@ skip_comment(ParseInfo pi) {
 #define NUM_MAX (FIXNUM_MAX >> 8)
 #endif
 
+static void leaf_fixnum_value(Leaf leaf) {
+    char *  s   = leaf->str;
+    int64_t n   = 0;
+    int     neg = 0;
+    int     big = 0;
 
-static void
-leaf_fixnum_value(Leaf leaf) {
-    char	*s = leaf->str;
-    int64_t	n = 0;
-    int		neg = 0;
-    int		big = 0;
-    
     if ('-' == *s) {
-	s++;
-	neg = 1;
+        s++;
+        neg = 1;
     } else if ('+' == *s) {
-	s++;
+        s++;
     }
     for (; '0' <= *s && *s <= '9'; s++) {
-	n = n * 10 + (*s - '0');
-	if (NUM_MAX <= n) {
-	    big = 1;
-	}
+        n = n * 10 + (*s - '0');
+        if (NUM_MAX <= n) {
+            big = 1;
+        }
     }
     if (big) {
-	char	c = *s;
-	
-	*s = '\0';
-	leaf->value = rb_cstr_to_inum(leaf->str, 10, 0);
-	*s = c;
+        char c = *s;
+
+        *s          = '\0';
+        leaf->value = rb_cstr_to_inum(leaf->str, 10, 0);
+        *s          = c;
     } else {
-	if (neg) {
-	    n = -n;
-	}
-	leaf->value = rb_ll2inum(n);
+        if (neg) {
+            n = -n;
+        }
+        leaf->value = rb_ll2inum(n);
     }
     leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
 }
 
-static void
-leaf_float_value(Leaf leaf) {
-    leaf->value = rb_float_new(rb_cstr_to_dbl(leaf->str, 1));
+static void leaf_float_value(Leaf leaf) {
+    leaf->value      = rb_float_new(rb_cstr_to_dbl(leaf->str, 1));
     leaf->value_type = RUBY_VAL;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-leaf_array_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
-    volatile VALUE	a = rb_ary_new();
+static VALUE leaf_array_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
+    volatile VALUE a = rb_ary_new();
 
     if (0 != leaf->elements) {
-	Leaf	first = leaf->elements->next;
-	Leaf	e = first;
+        Leaf first = leaf->elements->next;
+        Leaf e     = first;
 
-	do {
-	    rb_ary_push(a, leaf_value(doc, e));
-	    e = e->next;
-	} while (e != first);
+        do {
+            rb_ary_push(a, leaf_value(doc, e));
+            e = e->next;
+        } while (e != first);
     }
     return a;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-leaf_hash_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
-    volatile VALUE	h = rb_hash_new();
+static VALUE leaf_hash_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
+    volatile VALUE h = rb_hash_new();
 
     if (0 != leaf->elements) {
-	Leaf		first = leaf->elements->next;
-	Leaf		e = first;
-	volatile VALUE	key;
+        Leaf           first = leaf->elements->next;
+        Leaf           e     = first;
+        volatile VALUE key;
 
-	do {
-	    key = rb_str_new2(e->key);
-	    key = oj_encode(key);
-	    rb_hash_aset(h, key, leaf_value(doc, e));
-	    e = e->next;
-	} while (e != first);
+        do {
+            key = rb_str_new2(e->key);
+            key = oj_encode(key);
+            rb_hash_aset(h, key, leaf_value(doc, e));
+            e = e->next;
+        } while (e != first);
     }
     return h;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_next(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	leaf = 0;
+static Leaf read_next(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf leaf = 0;
 
-    if ((void*)&leaf < pi->stack_min) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eSysStackError, "JSON is too deeply nested");
+    if ((void *)&leaf < pi->stack_min) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSysStackError, "JSON is too deeply nested");
     }
-    next_non_white(pi);	// skip white space
+    next_non_white(pi);  // skip white space
     switch (*pi->s) {
-    case '{':
-	leaf = read_obj(pi);
-	break;
-    case '[':
-	leaf = read_array(pi);
-	break;
-    case '"':
-	leaf = read_str(pi);
-	break;
+    case '{': leaf = read_obj(pi); break;
+    case '[': leaf = read_array(pi); break;
+    case '"': leaf = read_str(pi); break;
     case '+':
     case '-':
     case '0':
@@ -420,713 +342,726 @@ read_next(ParseInfo pi) {
     case '6':
     case '7':
     case '8':
-    case '9':
-	leaf = read_num(pi);
-	break;
-    case 't':
-	leaf = read_true(pi);
-	break;
-    case 'f':
-	leaf = read_false(pi);
-	break;
-    case 'n':
-	leaf = read_nil(pi);
-	break;
+    case '9': leaf = read_num(pi); break;
+    case 't': leaf = read_true(pi); break;
+    case 'f': leaf = read_false(pi); break;
+    case 'n': leaf = read_nil(pi); break;
     case '\0':
-    default:
-	break; // returns 0
+    default: break;  // returns 0
     }
     pi->doc->size++;
 
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_obj(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	h = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_HASH);
-    char	*end;
-    const char	*key = 0;
-    Leaf	val = 0;
+static Leaf read_obj(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf        h = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_HASH);
+    char *      end;
+    const char *key = 0;
+    Leaf        val = 0;
 
     pi->s++;
     next_non_white(pi);
     if ('}' == *pi->s) {
-	pi->s++;
-	return h;
+        pi->s++;
+        return h;
     }
     while (1) {
-	next_non_white(pi);
-	key = 0;
-	val = 0;
-	if ('"' != *pi->s || 0 == (key = read_quoted_value(pi))) {
-	    raise_error("unexpected character", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
-	next_non_white(pi);
-	if (':' == *pi->s) {
-	    pi->s++;
-	} else {
-	    raise_error("invalid format, expected :", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
-	if (0 == (val = read_next(pi))) {
-	    //printf("*** '%s'\n", pi->s);
-	    raise_error("unexpected character", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
-	end = pi->s;
-	val->key = key;
-	val->parent_type = T_HASH;
-	leaf_append_element(h, val);
-	next_non_white(pi);
-	if ('}' == *pi->s) {
-	    pi->s++;
-	    *end = '\0';
-	    break;
-	} else if (',' == *pi->s) {
-	    pi->s++;
-	} else {
-	    //printf("*** '%s'\n", pi->s);
-	    raise_error("invalid format, expected , or } while in an object", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
-	*end = '\0';
+        next_non_white(pi);
+        key = 0;
+        val = 0;
+        if ('"' != *pi->s || 0 == (key = read_quoted_value(pi))) {
+            raise_error("unexpected character", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
+        next_non_white(pi);
+        if (':' == *pi->s) {
+            pi->s++;
+        } else {
+            raise_error("invalid format, expected :", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
+        if (0 == (val = read_next(pi))) {
+            // printf("*** '%s'\n", pi->s);
+            raise_error("unexpected character", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
+        end              = pi->s;
+        val->key         = key;
+        val->parent_type = T_HASH;
+        leaf_append_element(h, val);
+        next_non_white(pi);
+        if ('}' == *pi->s) {
+            pi->s++;
+            *end = '\0';
+            break;
+        } else if (',' == *pi->s) {
+            pi->s++;
+        } else {
+            // printf("*** '%s'\n", pi->s);
+            raise_error("invalid format, expected , or } while in an object", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
+        *end = '\0';
     }
     return h;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_array(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	a = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_ARRAY);
-    Leaf	e;
-    char	*end;
-    int		cnt = 0;
+static Leaf read_array(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf  a = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_ARRAY);
+    Leaf  e;
+    char *end;
+    int   cnt = 0;
 
     pi->s++;
     next_non_white(pi);
     if (']' == *pi->s) {
-	pi->s++;
-	return a;
+        pi->s++;
+        return a;
     }
     while (1) {
-	next_non_white(pi);
-	if (0 == (e = read_next(pi))) {
-	    raise_error("unexpected character", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
-	cnt++;
-	e->index = cnt;
-	e->parent_type = T_ARRAY;
-	leaf_append_element(a, e);
-	end = pi->s;
-	next_non_white(pi);
-	if (',' == *pi->s) {
-	    pi->s++;
-	} else if (']' == *pi->s) {
-	    pi->s++;
-	    *end = '\0';
-	    break;
-	} else {
-	    raise_error("invalid format, expected , or ] while in an array", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
-	*end = '\0';
+        next_non_white(pi);
+        if (0 == (e = read_next(pi))) {
+            raise_error("unexpected character", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
+        cnt++;
+        e->index       = cnt;
+        e->parent_type = T_ARRAY;
+        leaf_append_element(a, e);
+        end = pi->s;
+        next_non_white(pi);
+        if (',' == *pi->s) {
+            pi->s++;
+        } else if (']' == *pi->s) {
+            pi->s++;
+            *end = '\0';
+            break;
+        } else {
+            raise_error("invalid format, expected , or ] while in an array", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
+        *end = '\0';
     }
     return a;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_str(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_STRING);
+static Leaf read_str(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_STRING);
 
     leaf->str = read_quoted_value(pi);
 
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_num(ParseInfo pi) {
-    char	*start = pi->s;
-    int		type = T_FIXNUM;
-    Leaf	leaf;
+static Leaf read_num(ParseInfo pi) {
+    char *start = pi->s;
+    int   type  = T_FIXNUM;
+    Leaf  leaf;
 
     if ('-' == *pi->s) {
-	pi->s++;
+        pi->s++;
     }
     // digits
     for (; '0' <= *pi->s && *pi->s <= '9'; pi->s++) {
     }
     if ('.' == *pi->s) {
-	type = T_FLOAT;
-	pi->s++;
-	for (; '0' <= *pi->s && *pi->s <= '9'; pi->s++) {
-	}
+        type = T_FLOAT;
+        pi->s++;
+        for (; '0' <= *pi->s && *pi->s <= '9'; pi->s++) {
+        }
     }
     if ('e' == *pi->s || 'E' == *pi->s) {
-	pi->s++;
-	if ('-' == *pi->s || '+' == *pi->s) {
-	    pi->s++;
-	}
-	for (; '0' <= *pi->s && *pi->s <= '9'; pi->s++) {
-	}
-    }
-    leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, type);
+        pi->s++;
+        if ('-' == *pi->s || '+' == *pi->s) {
+            pi->s++;
+        }
+        for (; '0' <= *pi->s && *pi->s <= '9'; pi->s++) {
+        }
+    }
+    leaf      = leaf_new(pi->doc, type);
     leaf->str = start;
 
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_true(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_TRUE);
+static Leaf read_true(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_TRUE);
 
     pi->s++;
     if ('r' != *pi->s || 'u' != *(pi->s + 1) || 'e' != *(pi->s + 2)) {
-	raise_error("invalid format, expected 'true'", pi->str, pi->s);
+        raise_error("invalid format, expected 'true'", pi->str, pi->s);
     }
     pi->s += 3;
 
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_false(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_FALSE);
+static Leaf read_false(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_FALSE);
 
     pi->s++;
     if ('a' != *pi->s || 'l' != *(pi->s + 1) || 's' != *(pi->s + 2) || 'e' != *(pi->s + 3)) {
-	raise_error("invalid format, expected 'false'", pi->str, pi->s);
+        raise_error("invalid format, expected 'false'", pi->str, pi->s);
     }
     pi->s += 4;
 
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-read_nil(ParseInfo pi) {
-    Leaf	leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_NIL);
+static Leaf read_nil(ParseInfo pi) {
+    Leaf leaf = leaf_new(pi->doc, T_NIL);
 
     pi->s++;
     if ('u' != *pi->s || 'l' != *(pi->s + 1) || 'l' != *(pi->s + 2)) {
-	raise_error("invalid format, expected 'nil'", pi->str, pi->s);
+        raise_error("invalid format, expected 'nil'", pi->str, pi->s);
     }
     pi->s += 3;
 
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static uint32_t
-read_4hex(ParseInfo pi, const char *h) {
-    uint32_t	b = 0;
-    int		i;
+static uint32_t read_4hex(ParseInfo pi, const char *h) {
+    uint32_t b = 0;
+    int      i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++, h++) {
-	b = b << 4;
-	if ('0' <= *h && *h <= '9') {
-	    b += *h - '0';
-	} else if ('A' <= *h && *h <= 'F') {
-	    b += *h - 'A' + 10;
-	} else if ('a' <= *h && *h <= 'f') {
-	    b += *h - 'a' + 10;
-	} else {
-	    raise_error("invalid hex character", pi->str, pi->s);
-	}
+        b = b << 4;
+        if ('0' <= *h && *h <= '9') {
+            b += *h - '0';
+        } else if ('A' <= *h && *h <= 'F') {
+            b += *h - 'A' + 10;
+        } else if ('a' <= *h && *h <= 'f') {
+            b += *h - 'a' + 10;
+        } else {
+            raise_error("invalid hex character", pi->str, pi->s);
+        }
     }
     return b;
 }
 
-static char*
-unicode_to_chars(ParseInfo pi, char *t, uint32_t code) {
+static char *unicode_to_chars(ParseInfo pi, char *t, uint32_t code) {
     if (0x0000007F >= code) {
-	*t++ = (char)code;
+        *t++ = (char)code;
     } else if (0x000007FF >= code) {
-	*t++ = 0xC0 | (code >> 6);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
+        *t++ = 0xC0 | (code >> 6);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
     } else if (0x0000FFFF >= code) {
-	*t++ = 0xE0 | (code >> 12);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
+        *t++ = 0xE0 | (code >> 12);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
     } else if (0x001FFFFF >= code) {
-	*t++ = 0xF0 | (code >> 18);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
+        *t++ = 0xF0 | (code >> 18);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
     } else if (0x03FFFFFF >= code) {
-	*t++ = 0xF8 | (code >> 24);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 18) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
+        *t++ = 0xF8 | (code >> 24);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 18) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
     } else if (0x7FFFFFFF >= code) {
-	*t++ = 0xFC | (code >> 30);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 24) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 18) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
-	*t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
+        *t++ = 0xFC | (code >> 30);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 24) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 18) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
+        *t++ = 0x80 | (0x3F & code);
     } else {
-	raise_error("invalid Unicode character", pi->str, pi->s);
+        raise_error("invalid Unicode character", pi->str, pi->s);
     }
     return t;
 }
 
-/* Assume the value starts immediately and goes until the quote character is
- * reached again. Do not read the character after the terminating quote.
- */
-static char*
-read_quoted_value(ParseInfo pi) {
-    char	*value = 0;
-    char	*h = pi->s; // head
-    char	*t = h;	    // tail
-    
-    h++;	// skip quote character
+// Assume the value starts immediately and goes until the quote character is
+// reached again. Do not read the character after the terminating quote.
+static char *read_quoted_value(ParseInfo pi) {
+    char *value = 0;
+    char *h     = pi->s;  // head
+    char *t     = h;      // tail
+
+    h++;  // skip quote character
     t++;
     value = h;
     for (; '"' != *h; h++, t++) {
-	if ('\0' == *h) {
-	    pi->s = h;
-	    raise_error("quoted string not terminated", pi->str, pi->s);
-	} else if ('\\' == *h) {
-	    h++;
-	    switch (*h) {
-	    case 'n':	*t = '\n';	break;
-	    case 'r':	*t = '\r';	break;
-	    case 't':	*t = '\t';	break;
-	    case 'f':	*t = '\f';	break;
-	    case 'b':	*t = '\b';	break;
-	    case '"':	*t = '"';	break;
-	    case '/':	*t = '/';	break;
-	    case '\\':	*t = '\\';	break;
-	    case 'u': {
-		uint32_t	code;
-
-		h++;
-		code = read_4hex(pi, h);
-		h += 3;
-		if (0x0000D800 <= code && code <= 0x0000DFFF) {
-		    uint32_t	c1 = (code - 0x0000D800) & 0x000003FF;
-		    uint32_t	c2;
-
-		    h++;
-		    if ('\\' != *h || 'u' != *(h + 1)) {
-			pi->s = h;
-			raise_error("invalid escaped character", pi->str, pi->s);
-		    }
-		    h += 2;
-		    c2 = read_4hex(pi, h);
-		    h += 3;
-		    c2 = (c2 - 0x0000DC00) & 0x000003FF;
-		    code = ((c1 << 10) | c2) + 0x00010000;
-		}
-		t = unicode_to_chars(pi, t, code);
-		t--;
-		break;
-	    }
-	    default:
-		pi->s = h;
-		raise_error("invalid escaped character", pi->str, pi->s);
-		break;
-	    }
-	} else if (t != h) {
-	    *t = *h;
-	}
-    }
-    *t = '\0'; // terminate value
+        if ('\0' == *h) {
+            pi->s = h;
+            raise_error("quoted string not terminated", pi->str, pi->s);
+        } else if ('\\' == *h) {
+            h++;
+            switch (*h) {
+            case 'n': *t = '\n'; break;
+            case 'r': *t = '\r'; break;
+            case 't': *t = '\t'; break;
+            case 'f': *t = '\f'; break;
+            case 'b': *t = '\b'; break;
+            case '"': *t = '"'; break;
+            case '/': *t = '/'; break;
+            case '\\': *t = '\\'; break;
+            case 'u': {
+                uint32_t code;
+
+                h++;
+                code = read_4hex(pi, h);
+                h += 3;
+                if (0x0000D800 <= code && code <= 0x0000DFFF) {
+                    uint32_t c1 = (code - 0x0000D800) & 0x000003FF;
+                    uint32_t c2;
+
+                    h++;
+                    if ('\\' != *h || 'u' != *(h + 1)) {
+                        pi->s = h;
+                        raise_error("invalid escaped character", pi->str, pi->s);
+                    }
+                    h += 2;
+                    c2 = read_4hex(pi, h);
+                    h += 3;
+                    c2   = (c2 - 0x0000DC00) & 0x000003FF;
+                    code = ((c1 << 10) | c2) + 0x00010000;
+                }
+                t = unicode_to_chars(pi, t, code);
+                t--;
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                pi->s = h;
+                raise_error("invalid escaped character", pi->str, pi->s);
+                break;
+            }
+        } else if (t != h) {
+            *t = *h;
+        }
+    }
+    *t    = '\0';  // terminate value
     pi->s = h + 1;
 
     return value;
 }
 
 // doc support functions
-inline static void
-doc_init(Doc doc) {
-    memset(doc, 0, sizeof(struct _Doc));
-    doc->where = doc->where_path;
-    doc->self = Qundef;
+inline static void doc_init(Doc doc) {
+    memset(doc, 0, sizeof(struct _doc));
+    doc->where   = doc->where_path;
+    doc->self    = Qundef;
     doc->batches = &doc->batch0;
 }
 
-static void
-doc_free(Doc doc) {
+static void doc_free(Doc doc) {
     if (0 != doc) {
-	Batch	b;
+        Batch b;
 
-	while (0 != (b = doc->batches)) {
-	    doc->batches = doc->batches->next;
-	    if (&doc->batch0 != b) {
-		xfree(b);
-	    }
-	}
-	//xfree(f);
+        while (0 != (b = doc->batches)) {
+            doc->batches = doc->batches->next;
+            if (&doc->batch0 != b) {
+                xfree(b);
+            }
+        }
+        // xfree(f);
     }
 }
 
-static VALUE
-protect_open_proc(VALUE x) {
-    ParseInfo	pi = (ParseInfo)x;
+static VALUE protect_open_proc(VALUE x) {
+    ParseInfo pi = (ParseInfo)x;
 
-    pi->doc->data = read_next(pi); // parse
+    pi->doc->data   = read_next(pi);  // parse
     *pi->doc->where = pi->doc->data;
-    pi->doc->where = pi->doc->where_path;
+    pi->doc->where  = pi->doc->where_path;
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	return rb_yield(pi->doc->self); // caller processing
+        return rb_yield(pi->doc->self);  // caller processing
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static void
-free_doc_cb(void *x) {
-    Doc	doc = (Doc)x;
+static void free_doc_cb(void *x) {
+    Doc doc = (Doc)x;
 
     if (0 != doc) {
-	xfree(doc->json);
-	doc_free(doc);
+        xfree(doc->json);
+        doc_free(doc);
     }
 }
 
-static void
-mark_leaf(Leaf leaf) {
+static void mark_leaf(Leaf leaf) {
     switch (leaf->value_type) {
     case COL_VAL:
-	if (NULL != leaf->elements) {
-	    Leaf	first = leaf->elements->next;
-	    Leaf	e = first;
-
-	    do {
-		mark_leaf(e);
-		e = e->next;
-	    } while (e != first);
-	}
-	break;
-    case RUBY_VAL:
-	rb_gc_mark(leaf->value);
-	break;
-
-    default:
-	break;
+        if (NULL != leaf->elements) {
+            Leaf first = leaf->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+
+            do {
+                mark_leaf(e);
+                e = e->next;
+            } while (e != first);
+        }
+        break;
+    case RUBY_VAL: mark(leaf->value); break;
+
+    default: break;
     }
 }
 
-static void
-mark_doc(void *ptr) {
+static void mark_doc(void *ptr) {
     if (NULL != ptr) {
-	Doc	doc = (Doc)ptr;
-	
-	rb_gc_mark(doc->self);
-	mark_leaf(doc->data);
+        Doc doc = (Doc)ptr;
+
+        mark(doc->self);
+        mark_leaf(doc->data);
     }
 }
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_GC_MARK_MOVABLE
+static void compact_leaf(Leaf leaf) {
+    switch (leaf->value_type) {
+    case COL_VAL:
+        if (NULL != leaf->elements) {
+            Leaf first = leaf->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+
+            do {
+                compact_leaf(e);
+                e = e->next;
+            } while (e != first);
+        }
+        break;
+    case RUBY_VAL: leaf->value = rb_gc_location(leaf->value); break;
+
+    default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void compact_doc(void *ptr) {
+    Doc doc = (Doc)ptr;
+
+    if (doc) {
+        doc->self = rb_gc_location(doc->self);
+        compact_leaf(doc->data);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static const rb_data_type_t oj_doc_type = {
+    "Oj/doc",
+    {
+        mark_doc,
+        free_doc_cb,
+        NULL,
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_GC_MARK_MOVABLE
+        compact_doc,
+#endif
+    },
+    0,
+    0,
+};
+
+static VALUE parse_json(VALUE clas, char *json, bool given, bool allocated) {
+    struct _parseInfo pi;
+    volatile VALUE    result = Qnil;
+    Doc               doc;
+    int               ex = 0;
+    volatile VALUE    self;
 
-static VALUE
-parse_json(VALUE clas, char *json, bool given, bool allocated) {
-    struct _ParseInfo	pi;
-    volatile VALUE	result = Qnil;
-    Doc			doc;
-    int			ex = 0;
-    volatile VALUE	self;
+    // TBD are both needed? is stack allocation ever needed?
 
     if (given) {
-	doc = ALLOCA_N(struct _Doc, 1);
+        doc = ALLOCA_N(struct _doc, 1);
     } else {
-	doc = ALLOC(struct _Doc);
+        doc = ALLOC(struct _doc);
     }
-    /* skip UTF-8 BOM if present */
+    // skip UTF-8 BOM if present
     if (0xEF == (uint8_t)*json && 0xBB == (uint8_t)json[1] && 0xBF == (uint8_t)json[2]) {
-	pi.str = json + 3;
+        pi.str = json + 3;
     } else {
-	pi.str = json;
+        pi.str = json;
     }
     pi.s = pi.str;
     doc_init(doc);
     pi.doc = doc;
 #if IS_WINDOWS
-    pi.stack_min = (void*)((char*)&pi - (512 * 1024)); // assume a 1M stack and give half to ruby
+    // assume a 1M stack and give half to ruby
+    pi.stack_min = (void *)((char *)&pi - (512L * 1024L));
 #else
     {
-	struct rlimit	lim;
+        struct rlimit lim;
 
-	if (0 == getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &lim)) {
-	    pi.stack_min = (void*)((char*)&lim - (lim.rlim_cur / 4 * 3)); // let 3/4ths of the stack be used only
-	} else {
-	    pi.stack_min = 0; // indicates not to check stack limit
-	}
+        if (0 == getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &lim) && RLIM_INFINITY != lim.rlim_cur) {
+            // let 3/4ths of the stack be used only
+            pi.stack_min = (void *)((char *)&lim - (lim.rlim_cur / 4 * 3));
+        } else {
+            pi.stack_min = 0;  // indicates not to check stack limit
+        }
     }
 #endif
-    // last arg is free func void* func(void*)
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_DATA_OBJECT_WRAP
-    self = rb_data_object_wrap(clas, doc, mark_doc, free_doc_cb);
-#else
-    self = rb_data_object_alloc(clas, doc, mark_doc, free_doc_cb);
-#endif
-    doc->self = self;
-    doc->json = json;
+    self                = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(clas, &oj_doc_type, doc);
+    doc->self           = self;
+    doc->json           = json;
     DATA_PTR(doc->self) = doc;
-    result = rb_protect(protect_open_proc, (VALUE)&pi, &ex);
+    result              = rb_protect(protect_open_proc, (VALUE)&pi, &ex);
     if (given || 0 != ex) {
-	DATA_PTR(doc->self) = NULL;
-	doc_free(pi.doc);
-	if (allocated && 0 != ex) { // will jump so caller will not free
-	    xfree(json);
-	}
+        DATA_PTR(doc->self) = NULL;
+        doc_free(pi.doc);
+        if (allocated && 0 != ex) {  // will jump so caller will not free
+            xfree(json);
+        }
+        rb_gc_enable();
     } else {
-	result = doc->self;
+        result = doc->self;
     }
     if (0 != ex) {
-	rb_jump_tag(ex);
+        rb_jump_tag(ex);
     }
     return result;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-get_doc_leaf(Doc doc, const char *path) {
-    Leaf	leaf = *doc->where;
+static Leaf get_doc_leaf(Doc doc, const char *path) {
+    Leaf leaf = *doc->where;
 
     if (0 != doc->data && 0 != path) {
-	Leaf	stack[MAX_STACK];
-	Leaf	*lp;
-
-	if ('/' == *path) {
-	    path++;
-	    *stack = doc->data;
-	    lp = stack;
-	} else if (doc->where == doc->where_path) {
-	    *stack = doc->data;
-	    lp = stack;
-	} else {
-	    size_t	cnt = doc->where - doc->where_path;
-
-	    if (MAX_STACK <= cnt) {
-		rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
-	    }
-	    memcpy(stack, doc->where_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (cnt + 1));
-	    lp = stack + cnt;
-	}
-	return get_leaf(stack, lp, path);
+        Leaf  stack[MAX_STACK];
+        Leaf *lp;
+
+        if ('/' == *path) {
+            path++;
+            *stack = doc->data;
+            lp     = stack;
+        } else if (doc->where == doc->where_path) {
+            *stack = doc->data;
+            lp     = stack;
+        } else {
+            size_t cnt = doc->where - doc->where_path;
+
+            if (MAX_STACK <= cnt) {
+                rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
+            }
+            memcpy(stack, doc->where_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (cnt + 1));
+            lp = stack + cnt;
+        }
+        return get_leaf(stack, lp, path);
     }
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static const char*
-next_slash(const char *s) {
+static const char *next_slash(const char *s) {
     for (; '\0' != *s; s++) {
-	if ('\\' == *s) {
-	    s++;
-	    if ('\0' == *s) {
-		break;
-	    }
-	} else if ('/' == *s) {
-	    return s;
-	}
+        if ('\\' == *s) {
+            s++;
+            if ('\0' == *s) {
+                break;
+            }
+        } else if ('/' == *s) {
+            return s;
+        }
     }
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static bool
-key_match(const char *pat, const char *key, int plen) {
+static bool key_match(const char *pat, const char *key, int plen) {
     for (; 0 < plen; plen--, pat++, key++) {
-	if ('\\' == *pat) {
-	    plen--;
-	    pat++;
-	}
-	if (*pat != *key) {
-	    return false;
-	}
+        if ('\\' == *pat) {
+            plen--;
+            pat++;
+        }
+        if (*pat != *key) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
     return '\0' == *key;
 }
 
-static Leaf
-get_leaf(Leaf *stack, Leaf *lp, const char *path) {
-    Leaf	leaf = *lp;
+static Leaf get_leaf(Leaf *stack, Leaf *lp, const char *path) {
+    Leaf leaf = *lp;
 
     if (MAX_STACK <= lp - stack) {
-	rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
+        rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
     }
     if ('\0' != *path) {
-	if ('.' == *path && '.' == *(path + 1)) {
-	    path += 2;
-	    if ('/' == *path) {
-		path++;
-	    }
-	    if (stack < lp) {
-		leaf = get_leaf(stack, lp - 1, path);
-	    } else {
-		return 0;
-	    }
-	} else if (COL_VAL == leaf->value_type && 0 != leaf->elements) {
-	    Leaf	first = leaf->elements->next;
-	    Leaf	e = first;
-	    int		type = leaf->rtype;
-
-	    leaf = 0;
-	    if (T_ARRAY == type) {
-		int	cnt = 0;
-
-		for (; '0' <= *path && *path <= '9'; path++) {
-		    cnt = cnt * 10 + (*path - '0');
-		}
-		if ('/' == *path) {
-		    path++;
-		}
-		do {
-		    if (1 >= cnt) {
-			lp++;
-			*lp = e;
-			leaf = get_leaf(stack, lp, path);
-			break;
-		    }
-		    cnt--;
-		    e = e->next;
-		} while (e != first);
-	    } else if (T_HASH == type) {
-		const char	*key = path;
-		const char	*slash = next_slash(path);
-		int		klen;
-
-		if (0 == slash) {
-		    klen = (int)strlen(key);
-		    path += klen;
-		} else {
-		    klen = (int)(slash - key);
-		    path += klen + 1;
-		}
-		do {
-		    if (key_match(key, e->key, klen)) {
-			lp++;
-			*lp = e;
-			leaf = get_leaf(stack, lp, path);
-			break;
-		    }
-		    e = e->next;
-		} while (e != first);
-	    }
-	}
+        if ('.' == *path && '.' == *(path + 1)) {
+            path += 2;
+            if ('/' == *path) {
+                path++;
+            }
+            if (stack < lp) {
+                leaf = get_leaf(stack, lp - 1, path);
+            } else {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        } else if (NULL == leaf->elements) {
+            leaf = NULL;
+        } else if (STR_VAL == leaf->value_type || RUBY_VAL == leaf->value_type) {
+            // We are trying to get a children of a leaf, which
+            // doesn't exist.
+            leaf = NULL;
+        } else if (COL_VAL == leaf->value_type) {
+            Leaf first = leaf->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+            int  type  = leaf->rtype;
+
+            leaf = NULL;
+            if (T_ARRAY == type) {
+                int cnt = 0;
+
+                for (; '0' <= *path && *path <= '9'; path++) {
+                    cnt = cnt * 10 + (*path - '0');
+                }
+                if ('/' == *path) {
+                    path++;
+                }
+                do {
+                    if (1 >= cnt) {
+                        lp++;
+                        *lp  = e;
+                        leaf = get_leaf(stack, lp, path);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    cnt--;
+                    e = e->next;
+                } while (e != first);
+            } else if (T_HASH == type) {
+                const char *key   = path;
+                const char *slash = next_slash(path);
+                int         klen;
+
+                leaf = NULL;
+                if (0 == slash) {
+                    klen = (int)strlen(key);
+                    path += klen;
+                } else {
+                    klen = (int)(slash - key);
+                    path += klen + 1;
+                }
+                do {
+                    if (key_match(key, e->key, klen)) {
+                        lp++;
+                        *lp  = e;
+                        leaf = get_leaf(stack, lp, path);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    e = e->next;
+                } while (e != first);
+            }
+        }
     }
     return leaf;
 }
 
-static void
-each_leaf(Doc doc, VALUE self) {
+static void each_leaf(Doc doc, VALUE self) {
     if (COL_VAL == (*doc->where)->value_type) {
-	if (0 != (*doc->where)->elements) {
-	    Leaf	first = (*doc->where)->elements->next;
-	    Leaf	e = first;
-
-	    doc->where++;
-	    if (MAX_STACK <= doc->where - doc->where_path) {
-		rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
-	    }
-	    do {
-		*doc->where = e;
-		each_leaf(doc, self);
-		e = e->next;
-	    } while (e != first);
-	    doc->where--;
-	}
+        if (0 != (*doc->where)->elements) {
+            Leaf first = (*doc->where)->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+
+            doc->where++;
+            if (MAX_STACK <= doc->where - doc->where_path) {
+                rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
+            }
+            do {
+                *doc->where = e;
+                each_leaf(doc, self);
+                e = e->next;
+            } while (e != first);
+            doc->where--;
+        }
     } else {
-	rb_yield(self);
+        rb_yield(self);
     }
 }
 
-static int
-move_step(Doc doc, const char *path, int loc) {
+static int move_step(Doc doc, const char *path, int loc) {
     if (MAX_STACK <= doc->where - doc->where_path) {
-	rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
+        rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("DepthError")), "Path too deep. Limit is %d levels.", MAX_STACK);
     }
     if ('\0' == *path) {
-	loc = 0;
+        loc = 0;
     } else {
-	Leaf	leaf;
-
-	if (0 == doc->where || 0 == (leaf = *doc->where)) {
-	    printf("*** Internal error at %s\n", path);
-	    return loc;
-	}
-	if ('.' == *path && '.' == *(path + 1)) {
-	    Leaf	init = *doc->where;
-
-	    path += 2;
-	    if (doc->where == doc->where_path) {
-		return loc;
-	    }
-	    if ('/' == *path) {
-		path++;
-	    }
-	    *doc->where = 0;
-	    doc->where--;
-	    loc = move_step(doc, path, loc + 1);
-	    if (0 != loc) {
-		*doc->where = init;
-		doc->where++;
-	    }
-	} else if (COL_VAL == leaf->value_type && 0 != leaf->elements) {
-	    Leaf	first = leaf->elements->next;
-	    Leaf	e = first;
-
-	    if (T_ARRAY == leaf->rtype) {
-		int	cnt = 0;
-
-		for (; '0' <= *path && *path <= '9'; path++) {
-		    cnt = cnt * 10 + (*path - '0');
-		}
-		if ('/' == *path) {
-		    path++;
-		} else if ('\0' != *path) {
-		    return loc;
-		}
-		do {
-		    if (1 >= cnt) {
-			doc->where++;
-			*doc->where = e;
-			loc = move_step(doc, path, loc + 1);
-			if (0 != loc) {
-			    *doc->where = 0;
-			    doc->where--;
-			}
-			break;
-		    }
-		    cnt--;
-		    e = e->next;
-		} while (e != first);
-	    } else if (T_HASH == leaf->rtype) {
-		const char	*key = path;
-		const char	*slash = next_slash(path);
-		int		klen;
-
-		if (0 == slash) {
-		    klen = (int)strlen(key);
-		    path += klen;
-		} else {
-		    klen = (int)(slash - key);
-		    path += klen + 1;
-		}
-		do {
-		    if (key_match(key, e->key, klen)) {
-			doc->where++;
-			*doc->where = e;
-			loc = move_step(doc, path, loc + 1);
-			if (0 != loc) {
-			    *doc->where = 0;
-			    doc->where--;
-			}
-			break;
-		    }
-		    e = e->next;
-		} while (e != first);
-	    }
-	}
+        Leaf leaf;
+
+        if (0 == doc->where || 0 == (leaf = *doc->where)) {
+            printf("*** Internal error at %s\n", path);
+            return loc;
+        }
+        if ('.' == *path && '.' == *(path + 1)) {
+            Leaf init = *doc->where;
+
+            path += 2;
+            if (doc->where == doc->where_path) {
+                return loc;
+            }
+            if ('/' == *path) {
+                path++;
+            }
+            *doc->where = 0;
+            doc->where--;
+            loc = move_step(doc, path, loc + 1);
+            if (0 != loc) {
+                *doc->where = init;
+                doc->where++;
+            }
+        } else if (COL_VAL == leaf->value_type && 0 != leaf->elements) {
+            Leaf first = leaf->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+
+            if (T_ARRAY == leaf->rtype) {
+                int cnt = 0;
+
+                for (; '0' <= *path && *path <= '9'; path++) {
+                    cnt = cnt * 10 + (*path - '0');
+                }
+                if ('/' == *path) {
+                    path++;
+                } else if ('\0' != *path) {
+                    return loc;
+                }
+                do {
+                    if (1 >= cnt) {
+                        doc->where++;
+                        *doc->where = e;
+                        loc         = move_step(doc, path, loc + 1);
+                        if (0 != loc) {
+                            *doc->where = 0;
+                            doc->where--;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    cnt--;
+                    e = e->next;
+                } while (e != first);
+            } else if (T_HASH == leaf->rtype) {
+                const char *key   = path;
+                const char *slash = next_slash(path);
+                int         klen;
+
+                if (0 == slash) {
+                    klen = (int)strlen(key);
+                    path += klen;
+                } else {
+                    klen = (int)(slash - key);
+                    path += klen + 1;
+                }
+                do {
+                    if (key_match(key, e->key, klen)) {
+                        doc->where++;
+                        *doc->where = e;
+                        loc         = move_step(doc, path, loc + 1);
+                        if (0 != loc) {
+                            *doc->where = 0;
+                            doc->where--;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    e = e->next;
+                } while (e != first);
+            }
+        }
     }
     return loc;
 }
 
-static void
-each_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
+static void each_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
     if (COL_VAL == leaf->value_type) {
-	if (0 != leaf->elements) {
-	    Leaf	first = leaf->elements->next;
-	    Leaf	e = first;
-
-	    do {
-		each_value(doc, e);
-		e = e->next;
-	    } while (e != first);
-	}
+        if (0 != leaf->elements) {
+            Leaf first = leaf->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+
+            do {
+                each_value(doc, e);
+                e = e->next;
+            } while (e != first);
+        }
     } else {
-	rb_yield(leaf_value(doc, leaf));
+        rb_yield(leaf_value(doc, leaf));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1141,7 +1076,8 @@ each_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
  *
  *   @param [String] json JSON document string
  * @yieldparam [Oj::Doc] doc parsed JSON document
- * @yieldreturn [Object] returns the result of the yield as the result of the method call
+ * @yieldreturn [Object] returns the result of the yield as the result of the
+ * method call
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.size() }  #=> 4
  *   # or as an alternative
@@ -1149,26 +1085,31 @@ each_value(Doc doc, Leaf leaf) {
  *   doc.size()  #=> 4
  *   doc.close()
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_open(VALUE clas, VALUE str) {
-    char		*json;
-    size_t		len;
-    volatile VALUE	obj;
-    int			given = rb_block_given_p();
-    int			allocate;
+static VALUE doc_open(VALUE clas, VALUE str) {
+    char *         json;
+    size_t         len;
+    volatile VALUE obj;
+    int            given = rb_block_given_p();
+    int            allocate;
 
     Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
-    len = (int)RSTRING_LEN(str) + 1;
-    allocate = (SMALL_XML < len || !given);
+    len      = (int)RSTRING_LEN(str) + 1;
+    allocate = (SMALL_JSON < len || !given);
     if (allocate) {
-	json = ALLOC_N(char, len);
+        json = ALLOC_N(char, len);
     } else {
-	json = ALLOCA_N(char, len);
+        json = ALLOCA_N(char, len);
     }
+    // It should not be necessaary to stop GC but if it is not stopped and a
+    // large string is parsed that string is corrupted or freed during
+    // parsing. I'm not sure what is going on exactly but disabling GC avoids
+    // the issue.
+    rb_gc_disable();
     memcpy(json, StringValuePtr(str), len);
     obj = parse_json(clas, json, given, allocate);
+    rb_gc_enable();
     if (given && allocate) {
-	xfree(json);
+        xfree(json);
     }
     return obj;
 }
@@ -1182,7 +1123,8 @@ doc_open(VALUE clas, VALUE str) {
  *
  *   @param [String] filename name of file that contains a JSON document
  * @yieldparam [Oj::Doc] doc parsed JSON document
- * @yieldreturn [Object] returns the result of the yield as the result of the method call
+ * @yieldreturn [Object] returns the result of the yield as the result of the
+ * method call
  * @example
  *   File.open('array.json', 'w') { |f| f.write('[1,2,3]') }
  *   Oj::Doc.open_file(filename) { |doc| doc.size() }  #=> 4
@@ -1191,63 +1133,64 @@ doc_open(VALUE clas, VALUE str) {
  *   doc.size()  #=> 4
  *   doc.close()
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_open_file(VALUE clas, VALUE filename) {
-    char		*path;
-    char		*json;
-    FILE		*f;
-    size_t		len;
-    volatile VALUE	obj;
-    int			given = rb_block_given_p();
-    int			allocate;
+static VALUE doc_open_file(VALUE clas, VALUE filename) {
+    char *         path;
+    char *         json;
+    FILE *         f;
+    size_t         len;
+    volatile VALUE obj;
+    int            given = rb_block_given_p();
+    int            allocate;
 
     Check_Type(filename, T_STRING);
     path = StringValuePtr(filename);
     if (0 == (f = fopen(path, "r"))) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "%s", strerror(errno));
+        rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "%s", strerror(errno));
     }
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
-    len = ftell(f);
-    allocate = (SMALL_XML < len || !given);
+    len      = ftell(f);
+    allocate = (SMALL_JSON < len || !given);
     if (allocate) {
-	json = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+        json = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
     } else {
-	json = ALLOCA_N(char, len + 1);
+        json = ALLOCA_N(char, len + 1);
     }
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
     if (len != fread(json, 1, len, f)) {
-	fclose(f);
-	rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("LoadError")), 
-		 "Failed to read %lu bytes from %s.", (unsigned long)len, path);
+        fclose(f);
+        rb_raise(rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("LoadError")),
+                 "Failed to read %lu bytes from %s.",
+                 (unsigned long)len,
+                 path);
     }
     fclose(f);
     json[len] = '\0';
+    rb_gc_disable();
     obj = parse_json(clas, json, given, allocate);
+    rb_gc_enable();
     if (given && allocate) {
-	xfree(json);
+        xfree(json);
     }
     return obj;
 }
 
-static int
-esc_strlen(const char *s) {
-    int	cnt = 0;
+static int esc_strlen(const char *s) {
+    int cnt = 0;
 
     for (; '\0' != *s; s++, cnt++) {
-	if ('/' == *s) {
-	    cnt++;
-	}
+        if ('/' == *s) {
+            cnt++;
+        }
     }
     return cnt;
 }
 
-static char*
-append_key(char *p, const char *key) {
+static char *append_key(char *p, const char *key) {
     for (; '\0' != *key; p++, key++) {
-	if ('/' == *key) {
-	    *p++ = '\\';
-	}
-	*p = *key;
+        if ('/' == *key) {
+            *p++ = '\\';
+        }
+        *p = *key;
     }
     return p;
 }
@@ -1256,68 +1199,85 @@ append_key(char *p, const char *key) {
  * @see Oj::Doc.open
  */
 
-/* @overload where?() => String
+/* @overload where() => String
  *
  * Returns a String that describes the absolute path to the current location
  * in the JSON document.
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_where(VALUE self) {
-    Doc	doc = self_doc(self);
+static VALUE doc_where(VALUE self) {
+    Doc doc = self_doc(self);
 
     if (0 == *doc->where_path || doc->where == doc->where_path) {
-	return oj_slash_string;
+        return oj_slash_string;
     } else {
-	Leaf	*lp;
-	Leaf	leaf;
-	size_t	size = 3; // leading / and terminating \0
-	char	*path;
-	char	*p;
-
-	for (lp = doc->where_path; lp <= doc->where; lp++) {
-	    leaf = *lp;
-	    if (T_HASH == leaf->parent_type) {
-		size += esc_strlen((*lp)->key) + 1;
-	    } else if (T_ARRAY == leaf->parent_type) {
-		size += ((*lp)->index < 100) ? 3 : 11;
-	    }
-	}
-	path = ALLOCA_N(char, size);
-	p = path;
-	for (lp = doc->where_path; lp <= doc->where; lp++) {
-	    leaf = *lp;
-	    if (T_HASH == leaf->parent_type) {
-		p = append_key(p, (*lp)->key);
-	    } else if (T_ARRAY == leaf->parent_type) {
-		p = ulong_fill(p, (*lp)->index);
-	    }
-	    *p++ = '/';
-	}
-	*--p = '\0';
-
-	return rb_str_new(path, p - path);
+        Leaf * lp;
+        Leaf   leaf;
+        size_t size = 3;  // leading / and terminating \0
+        char * path;
+        char * p;
+
+        for (lp = doc->where_path; lp <= doc->where; lp++) {
+            leaf = *lp;
+            if (T_HASH == leaf->parent_type) {
+                size += esc_strlen((*lp)->key) + 1;
+            } else if (T_ARRAY == leaf->parent_type) {
+                size += ((*lp)->index < 100) ? 3 : 11;
+            }
+        }
+        path = ALLOCA_N(char, size);
+        p    = path;
+        for (lp = doc->where_path; lp <= doc->where; lp++) {
+            leaf = *lp;
+            if (T_HASH == leaf->parent_type) {
+                p = append_key(p, (*lp)->key);
+            } else if (T_ARRAY == leaf->parent_type) {
+                p = ulong_fill(p, (*lp)->index);
+            }
+            *p++ = '/';
+        }
+        *--p = '\0';
+
+        return rb_str_new(path, p - path);
     }
 }
 
+/* @overload where?() => String
+ * @deprecated
+ * Returns a String that describes the absolute path to the current location
+ * in the JSON document.
+ */
+static VALUE doc_where_q(VALUE self) {
+    return doc_where(self);
+}
+
+/* @overload path() => String
+ *
+ * Returns a String that describes the absolute path to the current location
+ * in the JSON document.
+ */
+static VALUE doc_path(VALUE self) {
+    return doc_where(self);
+}
+
 /* @overload local_key() => String, Fixnum, nil
  *
  * Returns the final key to the current location.
  * @example
- *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.move('/2'); doc.local_key() }	    #=> 2
- *   Oj::Doc.open('{"one":3}') { |doc| doc.move('/one'); doc.local_key() }  #=> "one"
- *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.local_key() }			    #=> nil
+ *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.move('/2'); doc.local_key() } #=> 2
+ *   Oj::Doc.open('{"one":3}') { |doc| doc.move('/one'); doc.local_key() }  #=>
+ * "one" Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.local_key() }
+ * #=> nil
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_local_key(VALUE self) {
-    Doc			doc = self_doc(self);
-    Leaf		leaf = *doc->where;
-    volatile VALUE	key = Qnil;
+static VALUE doc_local_key(VALUE self) {
+    Doc            doc  = self_doc(self);
+    Leaf           leaf = *doc->where;
+    volatile VALUE key  = Qnil;
 
     if (T_HASH == leaf->parent_type) {
-	key = rb_str_new2(leaf->key);
-	key = oj_encode(key);
+        key = rb_str_new2(leaf->key);
+        key = oj_encode(key);
     } else if (T_ARRAY == leaf->parent_type) {
-	key = LONG2NUM(leaf->index);
+        key = LONG2NUM(leaf->index);
     }
     return key;
 }
@@ -1327,14 +1287,14 @@ doc_local_key(VALUE self) {
  * Moves the document marker or location to the hoot or home position. The
  * same operation can be performed with a Oj::Doc.move('/').
  * @example
- *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.move('/2'); doc.home(); doc.where? }  #=> '/'
+ *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.move('/2'); doc.home(); doc.where? }
+ * #=> '/'
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_home(VALUE self) {
-    Doc	doc = self_doc(self);
+static VALUE doc_home(VALUE self) {
+    Doc doc = self_doc(self);
 
     *doc->where_path = doc->data;
-    doc->where = doc->where_path;
+    doc->where       = doc->where_path;
 
     return oj_slash_string;
 }
@@ -1350,76 +1310,98 @@ doc_home(VALUE self) {
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2]') { |doc| doc.type() }	     #=> Array
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2]') { |doc| doc.type('/1') }  #=> Fixnum
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_type(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
-    Leaf	leaf;
-    const char	*path = 0;
-    VALUE	type = Qnil;
+static VALUE doc_type(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    Doc         doc = self_doc(self);
+    Leaf        leaf;
+    const char *path = 0;
+    VALUE       type = Qnil;
 
     if (1 <= argc) {
-	Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
-	path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
+        Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
+        path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
     }
     if (0 != (leaf = get_doc_leaf(doc, path))) {
-	switch (leaf->rtype) {
-	case T_NIL:	type = rb_cNilClass;	break;
-	case T_TRUE:	type = rb_cTrueClass;	break;
-	case T_FALSE:	type = rb_cFalseClass;	break;
-	case T_STRING:	type = rb_cString;	break;
+        switch (leaf->rtype) {
+        case T_NIL: type = rb_cNilClass; break;
+        case T_TRUE: type = rb_cTrueClass; break;
+        case T_FALSE: type = rb_cFalseClass; break;
+        case T_STRING: type = rb_cString; break;
 #ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
-	case T_FIXNUM:	type = rb_cInteger;	break;
+        case T_FIXNUM: type = rb_cInteger; break;
 #else
-	case T_FIXNUM:	type = rb_cFixnum;	break;
+        case T_FIXNUM: type = rb_cFixnum; break;
 #endif
-	case T_FLOAT:	type = rb_cFloat;	break;
-	case T_ARRAY:	type = rb_cArray;	break;
-	case T_HASH:	type = rb_cHash;	break;
-	default:				break;
-	}
+        case T_FLOAT: type = rb_cFloat; break;
+        case T_ARRAY: type = rb_cArray; break;
+        case T_HASH: type = rb_cHash; break;
+        default: break;
+        }
     }
     return type;
 }
 
-/* @overload fetch(path=nil) => nil, true, false, Fixnum, Float, String, Array, Hash
+/* @overload fetch(path=nil,default=nil) => nil, true, false, Fixnum, Float, String, Array,
+ * Hash
  *
  * Returns the value at the location identified by the path or the current
  * location if the path is nil or not provided. This method will create and
  * return an Array or Hash if that is the type of Object at the location
  * specified. This is more expensive than navigating to the leaves of the JSON
- * document.
+ * document. If a default is provided that is used if no value if found.
  *   @param [String] path path to the location to get the type of if provided
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2]') { |doc| doc.fetch() }      #=> [1, 2]
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2]') { |doc| doc.fetch('/1') }  #=> 1
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    Doc			doc;
-    Leaf		leaf;
-    volatile VALUE	val = Qnil;
-    const char		*path = 0;
+static VALUE doc_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    Doc            doc;
+    Leaf           leaf;
+    volatile VALUE val  = Qnil;
+    const char *   path = 0;
 
     doc = self_doc(self);
     if (1 <= argc) {
-	Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
-	path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
-	if (2 == argc) {
-	    val = argv[1];
-	}
+        Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
+        path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
+        if (2 == argc) {
+            val = argv[1];
+        }
     }
     if (0 != (leaf = get_doc_leaf(doc, path))) {
-	val = leaf_value(doc, leaf);
+        val = leaf_value(doc, leaf);
     }
     return val;
 }
 
+/* @overload exists?(path) => true, false
+ *
+ * Returns true if the value at the location identified by the path exists.
+ *   @param [String] path path to the location
+ * @example
+ *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2]') { |doc| doc.exists?('/1') }  #=> true
+ *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2]') { |doc| doc.exists?('/3') }  #=> false
+ */
+static VALUE doc_exists(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
+    Doc  doc;
+    Leaf leaf;
+
+    doc = self_doc(self);
+    Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+    if (0 != (leaf = get_doc_leaf(doc, StringValuePtr(str)))) {
+        if (NULL != leaf) {
+            return Qtrue;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
 /* @overload each_leaf(path=nil) => nil
  *
  * Yields to the provided block for each leaf node with the identified
  * location of the JSON document as the root. The parameter passed to the
  * block on yield is the Doc instance after moving to the child location.
- *   @param [String] path if provided it identified the top of the branch to process the leaves of
+ *   @param [String] path if provided it identified the top of the branch to
+ * process the leaves of
  * @yieldparam [Doc] Doc at the child location
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[3,[2,1]]') { |doc|
@@ -1429,36 +1411,35 @@ doc_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  *   }
  *   #=> ["/1" => 3, "/2/1" => 2, "/2/2" => 1]
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_each_leaf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+static VALUE doc_each_leaf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	Leaf		save_path[MAX_STACK];
-	Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
-	const char	*path = 0;
-	size_t		wlen;
-
-	wlen = doc->where - doc->where_path;
-	if (0 < wlen) {
-	    memcpy(save_path, doc->where_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
-	}
-	if (1 <= argc) {
-	    Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
-	    path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
-	    if ('/' == *path) {
-		doc->where = doc->where_path;
-		path++;
-	    }
-	    if (0 != move_step(doc, path, 1)) {
-		if (0 < wlen) {
-		    memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
-		}
-		return Qnil;
-	    }
-	}
-	each_leaf(doc, self);
-	if (0 < wlen) {
-	    memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
-	}
+        Leaf        save_path[MAX_STACK];
+        Doc         doc  = self_doc(self);
+        const char *path = 0;
+        size_t      wlen;
+
+        wlen = doc->where - doc->where_path;
+        if (0 < wlen) {
+            memcpy(save_path, doc->where_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
+        }
+        if (1 <= argc) {
+            Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
+            path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
+            if ('/' == *path) {
+                doc->where = doc->where_path;
+                path++;
+            }
+            if (0 != move_step(doc, path, 1)) {
+                if (0 < wlen) {
+                    memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
+                }
+                return Qnil;
+            }
+        }
+        each_leaf(doc, self);
+        if (0 < wlen) {
+            memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
+        }
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1469,22 +1450,22 @@ doc_each_leaf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  * path or a relative path.
  *   @param [String] path path to the location to move to
  * @example
- *   Oj::Doc.open('{"one":[1,2]') { |doc| doc.move('/one/2'); doc.where? }  #=> "/one/2"
+ *   Oj::Doc.open('{"one":[1,2]') { |doc| doc.move('/one/2'); doc.where? }  #=>
+ * "/one/2"
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_move(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
-    Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
-    const char	*path;
-    int		loc;
+static VALUE doc_move(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
+    Doc         doc = self_doc(self);
+    const char *path;
+    int         loc;
 
     Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
     path = StringValuePtr(str);
     if ('/' == *path) {
-	doc->where = doc->where_path;
-	path++;
+        doc->where = doc->where_path;
+        path++;
     }
     if (0 != (loc = move_step(doc, path, 1))) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Failed to locate element %d of the path %s.", loc, path);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Failed to locate element %d of the path %s.", loc, path);
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1495,7 +1476,8 @@ doc_move(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
  * identified location of the JSON document as the root. The parameter passed
  * to the block on yield is the Doc instance after moving to the child
  * location.
- *   @param [String] path if provided it identified the top of the branch to process the chilren of
+ *   @param [String] path if provided it identified the top of the branch to
+ * process the children of
  * @yieldparam [Doc] Doc at the child location
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[3,[2,1]]') { |doc|
@@ -1505,46 +1487,51 @@ doc_move(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
  *   }
  *   #=> ["/2/1", "/2/2"]
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+static VALUE doc_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	Leaf		save_path[MAX_STACK];
-	Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
-	const char	*path = 0;
-	size_t		wlen;
-
-	wlen = doc->where - doc->where_path;
-	if (0 < wlen) {
-	    memcpy(save_path, doc->where_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
-	}
-	if (1 <= argc) {
-	    Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
-	    path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
-	    if ('/' == *path) {
-		doc->where = doc->where_path;
-		path++;
-	    }
-	    if (0 != move_step(doc, path, 1)) {
-		if (0 < wlen) {
-		    memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
-		}
-		return Qnil;
-	    }
-	}
-	if (COL_VAL == (*doc->where)->value_type && 0 != (*doc->where)->elements) {
-	    Leaf	first = (*doc->where)->elements->next;
-	    Leaf	e = first;
-
-	    doc->where++;
-	    do {
-		*doc->where = e;
-		rb_yield(self);
-		e = e->next;
-	    } while (e != first);
-	}
-	if (0 < wlen) {
-	    memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
-	}
+        Leaf        save_path[MAX_STACK];
+        Doc         doc  = self_doc(self);
+        const char *path = 0;
+        size_t      wlen;
+        Leaf *      where_orig = doc->where;
+
+        wlen = doc->where - doc->where_path;
+        if (0 < wlen) {
+            memcpy(save_path, doc->where_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
+        }
+        if (1 <= argc) {
+            Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
+            path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
+            if ('/' == *path) {
+                doc->where = doc->where_path;
+                path++;
+            }
+            if (0 != move_step(doc, path, 1)) {
+                if (0 < wlen) {
+                    memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
+                }
+                doc->where = where_orig;
+                return Qnil;
+            }
+        }
+        if (NULL == doc->where || NULL == *doc->where) {
+            return Qnil;
+        }
+        if (COL_VAL == (*doc->where)->value_type && 0 != (*doc->where)->elements) {
+            Leaf first = (*doc->where)->elements->next;
+            Leaf e     = first;
+
+            doc->where++;
+            do {
+                *doc->where = e;
+                rb_yield(self);
+                e = e->next;
+            } while (e != first);
+        }
+        if (0 < wlen) {
+            memcpy(doc->where_path, save_path, sizeof(Leaf) * (wlen + 1));
+        }
+        doc->where = where_orig;
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1555,7 +1542,8 @@ doc_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  * of the JSON document. The parameter passed to the block on yield is the
  * value of the leaf. Only those leaves below the element specified by the
  * path parameter are processed.
- *   @param [String] path if provided it identified the top of the branch to process the leaf values of
+ *   @param [String] path if provided it identified the top of the branch to
+ * process the leaf values of
  * @yieldparam [Object] val each leaf value
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[3,[2,1]]') { |doc|
@@ -1564,7 +1552,7 @@ doc_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  *       result
  *   }
  *   #=> [3, 2, 1]
- *   
+ *
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[3,[2,1]]') { |doc|
  *       result = []
  *       doc.each_value('/2') { |v| result << v }
@@ -1572,20 +1560,19 @@ doc_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  *   }
  *   #=> [2, 1]
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_each_value(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+static VALUE doc_each_value(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
-	const char	*path = 0;
-	Leaf		leaf;
-
-	if (1 <= argc) {
-	    Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
-	    path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
-	}
-	if (0 != (leaf = get_doc_leaf(doc, path))) {
-	    each_value(doc, leaf);
-	}
+        Doc         doc  = self_doc(self);
+        const char *path = 0;
+        Leaf        leaf;
+
+        if (1 <= argc) {
+            Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
+            path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
+        }
+        if (0 != (leaf = get_doc_leaf(doc, path))) {
+            each_value(doc, leaf);
+        }
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1594,52 +1581,50 @@ doc_each_value(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  *
  * Dumps the document or nodes to a new JSON document. It uses the default
  * options for generating the JSON.
- *   @param path [String] if provided it identified the top of the branch to dump to JSON
- *   @param filename [String] if provided it is the filename to write the output to
+ *   @param path [String] if provided it identified the top of the branch to
+ * dump to JSON
+ *   @param filename [String] if provided it is the filename to write the output
+ * to
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[3,[2,1]]') { |doc|
  *       doc.dump('/2')
  *   }
  *   #=> "[2,1]"
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
-    Leaf	leaf;
-    const char	*path = 0;
-    const char	*filename = 0;
+static VALUE doc_dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+    Doc         doc = self_doc(self);
+    Leaf        leaf;
+    const char *path     = 0;
+    const char *filename = 0;
 
     if (1 <= argc) {
-	if (Qnil != *argv) {
-	    Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
-	    path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
-	}
-	if (2 <= argc) {
-	    Check_Type(argv[1], T_STRING);
-	    filename = StringValuePtr(argv[1]);
-	}
+        if (Qnil != *argv) {
+            Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
+            path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
+        }
+        if (2 <= argc) {
+            Check_Type(argv[1], T_STRING);
+            filename = StringValuePtr(argv[1]);
+        }
     }
     if (0 != (leaf = get_doc_leaf(doc, path))) {
-	volatile VALUE	rjson;
-
-	if (0 == filename) {
-	    char	buf[4096];
-	    struct _Out out;
-
-	    out.buf = buf;
-	    out.end = buf + sizeof(buf) - 10;
-	    out.allocated = false;
-	    out.omit_nil = oj_default_options.dump_opts.omit_nil;
-	    oj_dump_leaf_to_json(leaf, &oj_default_options, &out);
-	    rjson = rb_str_new2(out.buf);
-	    if (out.allocated) {
-		xfree(out.buf);
-	    }
-	} else {
-	    oj_write_leaf_to_file(leaf, filename, &oj_default_options);
-	    rjson = Qnil;
-	}
-	return rjson;
+        volatile VALUE rjson;
+
+        if (0 == filename) {
+            struct _out out;
+
+            oj_out_init(&out);
+
+            out.omit_nil  = oj_default_options.dump_opts.omit_nil;
+            oj_dump_leaf_to_json(leaf, &oj_default_options, &out);
+            rjson = rb_str_new2(out.buf);
+
+            oj_out_free(&out);
+        } else {
+            oj_write_leaf_to_file(leaf, filename, &oj_default_options);
+            rjson = Qnil;
+        }
+        return rjson;
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1652,8 +1637,7 @@ doc_dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  * @example
  *   Oj::Doc.open('[1,2,3]') { |doc| doc.size() }  #=> 4
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_size(VALUE self) {
+static VALUE doc_size(VALUE self) {
     return ULONG2NUM(((Doc)DATA_PTR(self))->size);
 }
 
@@ -1666,16 +1650,15 @@ doc_size(VALUE self) {
  *   doc.size()  #=> 4
  *   doc.close()
  */
-static VALUE
-doc_close(VALUE self) {
-    Doc		doc = self_doc(self);
+static VALUE doc_close(VALUE self) {
+    Doc doc = self_doc(self);
 
     rb_gc_unregister_address(&doc->self);
     DATA_PTR(doc->self) = 0;
     if (0 != doc) {
-	xfree(doc->json);
-	doc_free(doc);
-	xfree(doc);
+        xfree(doc->json);
+        doc_free(doc);
+        xfree(doc);
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1684,8 +1667,7 @@ doc_close(VALUE self) {
 Oj = rb_define_module("Oj");
 #endif
 
-static VALUE
-doc_not_implemented(VALUE self) {
+static VALUE doc_not_implemented(VALUE self) {
     rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "Not implemented.");
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1697,21 +1679,21 @@ doc_not_implemented(VALUE self) {
  * extracted. Once the document is closed the document can not longer be
  * accessed. This allows the parsing and data extraction to be extremely fast
  * compared to other JSON parses.
- * 
+ *
  * An Oj::Doc class is not created directly but the _open()_ class method is
  * used to open a document and the yield parameter to the block of the #open()
  * call is the Doc instance. The Doc instance can be moved across, up, and
  * down the JSON document. At each element the data associated with the
  * element can be extracted. It is also possible to just provide a path to the
  * data to be extracted and retrieve the data in that manner.
- * 
+ *
  * For many of the methods a path is used to describe the location of an
  * element. Paths follow a subset of the XPath syntax. The slash ('/')
  * character is the separator. Each step in the path identifies the next
  * branch to take through the document. A JSON object will expect a key string
  * while an array will expect a positive index. A .. step indicates a move up
  * the JSON document.
- * 
+ *
  * @example
  *   json = %{[
  *     {
@@ -1725,28 +1707,29 @@ doc_not_implemented(VALUE self) {
  *   ]}
  *   # move and get value
  *   Oj::Doc.open(json) do |doc|
- *     doc.move('/1/two')  
- *     # doc location is now at the 'two' element of the hash that is the first element of the array.
- *     doc.fetch()
- *   end
+ *     doc.move('/1/two')
+ *     # doc location is now at the 'two' element of the hash that is the first
+ * element of the array. doc.fetch() end
  *   #=> 2
- *   
- *   # Now try again using a path to Oj::Doc.fetch() directly and not using a block.
- *   doc = Oj::Doc.open(json)
- *   doc.fetch('/2/three')  #=> 3
- *   doc.close()
+ *
+ *   # Now try again using a path to Oj::Doc.fetch() directly and not using a
+ * block. doc = Oj::Doc.open(json) doc.fetch('/2/three')  #=> 3 doc.close()
  */
-void
-oj_init_doc() {
+void oj_init_doc(void) {
     oj_doc_class = rb_define_class_under(Oj, "Doc", rb_cObject);
+    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_doc_class);
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(oj_doc_class);
     rb_define_singleton_method(oj_doc_class, "open", doc_open, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(oj_doc_class, "open_file", doc_open_file, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(oj_doc_class, "parse", doc_open, 1);
-    rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "where?", doc_where, 0);
+    rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "where?", doc_where_q, 0);
+    rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "where", doc_where, 0);
+    rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "path", doc_path, 0);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "local_key", doc_local_key, 0);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "home", doc_home, 0);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "type", doc_type, -1);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "fetch", doc_fetch, -1);
+    rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "exists?", doc_exists, 1);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "each_leaf", doc_each_leaf, -1);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "move", doc_move, 1);
     rb_define_method(oj_doc_class, "each_child", doc_each_child, -1);