mongoid 6.4.8 → 7.5.4

data/spec/mongoid/association/referenced/has_and_belongs_to_many/proxy_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3803 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "spec_helper"
+require_relative "../has_and_belongs_to_many_models.rb"
+
+describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
+
+  around(:each) do |example|
+    original_raise_not_found_error = Mongoid.raise_not_found_error
+    original_preferences_association = Person.relations["preferences"]
+    Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = true
+    Person.has_and_belongs_to_many :preferences, autosave: true
+    example.run
+    Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = original_raise_not_found_error
+    Person.relations["preferences"] = original_preferences_association
+  end
+
+  after(:all) do
+    Person.reset_callbacks(:save)
+    Person.reset_callbacks(:destroy)
+  end
+
+  [ :<<, :push ].each do |method|
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+
+      context "when the inverse_of is nil" do
+
+        let!(:article) do
+          Article.create!
+        end
+
+        context "when the child document is new" do
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            article.preferences.send(method, preference)
+          end
+
+          it "persists the child document" do
+            expect(preference).to be_persisted
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the child document is not new" do
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.create!
+          end
+
+          it "does not persist the child document" do
+            expect(preference).to receive(:save).never
+            article.preferences.send(method, preference)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.new
+        end
+
+        let!(:preference) do
+          Preference.new
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          person.preferences.send(method, preference)
+        end
+
+        it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+          expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.create!
+        end
+
+        let!(:preference) do
+          Preference.new
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          person.preferences.send(method, preference)
+        end
+
+        it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+          expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the relations are not polymorphic" do
+
+        context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new
+          end
+
+          let(:house) do
+            House.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.houses << house
+          end
+
+          it "appends the document to the relation" do
+            expect(person.houses).to eq([ house ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.house_ids).to eq([ house.id ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when appending in a parent create block" do
+
+          let!(:preference) do
+            Preference.create!(name: "testing")
+          end
+
+          let!(:person) do
+            Person.create! do |doc|
+              doc.preferences << preference
+            end
+          end
+
+          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "saves the target" do
+            expect(preference).to be_persisted
+          end
+
+          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "persists the link" do
+            expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new
+          end
+
+          context "when the child is new" do
+
+            let(:preference) do
+              Preference.new
+            end
+
+            before do
+              person.preferences.send(method, preference)
+            end
+
+            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+              expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "does not save the target" do
+              expect(preference).to be_new_record
+            end
+
+            it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+              expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+            end
+
+            context "when appending a second time" do
+
+              before do
+                person.preferences.send(method, preference)
+              end
+
+              it "does not allow the document to be added again" do
+                expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+              end
+
+              it "does not allow duplicate ids" do
+                expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when the child is already persisted" do
+
+            let!(:persisted) do
+              Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+            end
+
+            let(:preference) do
+              Preference.first
+            end
+
+            before do
+              person.preferences.send(method, preference)
+              person.save!
+            end
+
+            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+              expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "saves the target" do
+              expect(preference).to be_persisted
+            end
+
+            it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+              expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+            end
+
+            it "persists the link" do
+              expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when setting via the associated ids" do
+
+            let!(:persisted) do
+              Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+            end
+
+            let(:preference) do
+              Preference.first
+            end
+
+            let(:person) do
+              Person.new(preference_ids: [ preference.id ])
+            end
+
+            before do
+              person.save!
+            end
+
+            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+              expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference.reload.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+              expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+            end
+
+            it "persists the link" do
+              expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.create!
+          end
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.preferences.send(method, preference)
+          end
+
+          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people.first).to eql(person)
+          end
+
+          it "saves the target" do
+            expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+          end
+
+          it "adds the document to the target" do
+            expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          context "when documents already exist on the relation" do
+
+            let(:preference_two) do
+              Preference.new
+            end
+
+            before do
+              person.preferences.send(method, preference_two)
+            end
+
+            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference, preference_two ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+              expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id, preference_two.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference_two.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference_two.people).to eq([ person ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference_two.people.first).to eql(person)
+            end
+
+            it "saves the target" do
+              expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+            end
+
+            it "adds the document to the target" do
+              expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(2)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when both sides have been persisted" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.create!
+          end
+
+          let(:event) do
+            Event.create!
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.administrated_events << event
+          end
+
+          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            expect(person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            expect(event.administrators(true)).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+
+          context "when reloading" do
+
+            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+              expect(person.reload.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+              expect(event.reload.administrators).to eq([ person ])
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when performing a new database query" do
+
+            let(:loaded_person) do
+              Person.find(person.id)
+            end
+
+            let(:loaded_event) do
+              Event.find(event.id)
+            end
+
+            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+              expect(loaded_person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+              expect(loaded_event.administrators).to eq([ person ])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the relation also includes a has_many relation" do
+
+          let(:artwork) do
+            Artwork.create!
+          end
+
+          let(:exhibition) do
+            Exhibition.create!
+          end
+
+          let(:exhibitor) do
+            Exhibitor.create!(exhibition: exhibition)
+          end
+
+          before do
+            artwork.exhibitors << exhibitor
+          end
+
+          it "creates a single artwork object" do
+            expect(Artwork.count).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the relation is self referencing" do
+
+          let(:tag_one) do
+            Tag.create!(text: "one")
+          end
+
+          let(:tag_two) do
+            Tag.create!(text: "two")
+          end
+
+          before do
+            tag_one.related << tag_two
+          end
+
+          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            expect(tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            expect(tag_two.related(true)).to eq([ tag_one ])
+          end
+
+          context "when reloading" do
+
+            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+              expect(tag_one.reload.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+              expect(tag_two.reload.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when performing a new database query" do
+
+            let(:loaded_tag_one) do
+              Tag.find(tag_one.id)
+            end
+
+            let(:loaded_tag_two) do
+              Tag.find(tag_two.id)
+            end
+
+            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+              expect(loaded_tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
+            end
+
+            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+              expect(loaded_tag_two.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when association has callbacks" do
+
+        let(:post) do
+          Post.new
+        end
+
+        let(:tag) do
+          Tag.new
+        end
+
+        context "when the callback is a before_add" do
+
+          it "executes the callback" do
+            post.tags.send(method, tag)
+            expect(post.before_add_called).to be true
+          end
+
+          context "when errors are raised" do
+
+            before do
+              expect(post).to receive(:before_add_tag).and_raise
+              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue; end;
+            end
+
+            it "does not add the document to the relation" do
+              expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the callback is an after_add" do
+
+          it "executes the callback" do
+            post.tags.send(method, tag)
+            expect(post.after_add_called).to be true
+          end
+
+          context "when errors are raised" do
+
+            before do
+              expect(post).to receive(:after_add_tag).and_raise
+              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue; end
+            end
+
+            it "adds the document to the relation" do
+              expect(post.tags).to eq([ tag ])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#=" do
+
+    context "when trying to add duplicate entries" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.new
+      end
+
+      let(:preference) do
+        Preference.create!(name: "one")
+      end
+
+      before do
+        person.preferences = [ preference, preference ]
+      end
+
+      context "when the document is new" do
+
+        it "does not add the duplicates" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "does not create duplicate keys" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the document is persisted" do
+
+        before do
+          person.save!
+        end
+
+        it "does not add the duplicates" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "does not create duplicate keys" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "does not add duplicates on the inverse" do
+          expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+        end
+
+        it "does not add duplicate inverse keys" do
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        context "when reloading document from db" do
+
+          let(:from_db) { Preference.last }
+
+          it "does not create duplicate keys" do
+            person.preferences = [ from_db ]
+            expect(from_db.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+      context "when the parent and relation are new records" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.new
+        end
+
+        let(:preference) do
+          Preference.new
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.preferences = [ preference ]
+        end
+
+        it "sets the relation" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "does not save the target" do
+          expect(preference).to be_new_record
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is new but the relation exists" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.new
+        end
+
+        let!(:preference) do
+          Preference.create!
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.preferences = [ preference ]
+        end
+
+        it "sets the relation" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        context "and the parent is persisted" do
+
+          before do
+            person.save!
+            preference.reload
+          end
+
+          it "maintains the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "maintains the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "maintains the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "maintains the base on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people.first).to eq(person)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.create!
+        end
+
+        let(:preference) do
+          Preference.new
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.preferences = [ preference ]
+        end
+
+        it "sets the relation" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.people.first).to eq(person)
+        end
+
+        it "saves the target" do
+          expect(preference).to be_persisted
+        end
+
+        it "persists the relation" do
+          person.reload.preferences == [ preference ]
+        end
+
+        context "when overwriting an existing relation" do
+
+          let(:another_preference) do
+            Preference.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.preferences = [ another_preference ]
+          end
+
+          it "sets the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ another_preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "saves the target" do
+            expect(another_preference).to be_persisted
+          end
+
+          it "does not leave foreign keys of the previous relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ another_preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "clears its own key on the foreign relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          context "and then overwriting it again with the same value" do
+
+            before do
+              person.preferences = [ another_preference ]
+            end
+
+            it "persists the relation between another_preference and person" do
+              expect(another_preference.reload.people).to eq([ person ])
+            end
+
+          end
+
+          context "and person reloaded instead of saved" do
+
+            before do
+              person.reload
+              another_preference.reload
+            end
+
+            it "persists the relation between person and another_preference" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ another_preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "persists the relation between another_preference and person" do
+              expect(another_preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+            end
+
+            it "no longer has any relation between preference and person" do
+              expect(preference.people).to be_empty
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "and person is saved" do
+
+            before do
+              person.save!
+              person.reload
+              another_preference.reload
+            end
+
+            it "persists the relation between person and another_preference" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ another_preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "persists the relation between another_preference and person" do
+              expect(another_preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+            end
+
+            it "no longer has any relation between preference and person" do
+              expect(preference.people).to be_empty
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when self-referencing" do
+    let!(:parent) do
+      Vertex.create!
+    end
+
+    let!(:child) do
+      Vertex.create!(parents: [parent])
+    end
+
+    before do
+      parent.reload
+      child.reload
+    end
+
+    it "sets the parent" do
+      expect(child.parents).to include(parent)
+    end
+
+    it "sets the parent id" do
+      expect(child.parent_ids).to include(parent.id)
+    end
+
+    it "sets the child" do
+      expect(parent.children).to include(child)
+    end
+
+    it "sets the child id" do
+      expect(parent.child_ids).to include(child.id)
+    end
+
+    describe "#update" do
+      before do
+        child.update(parents: [parent])
+      end
+
+      it "sets the parent" do
+        expect(child.parents).to include(parent)
+      end
+
+      it "sets the parent id" do
+        expect(child.parent_ids).to include(parent.id)
+      end
+
+      it "sets the child" do
+        expect(parent.children).to include(child)
+      end
+
+      it "sets the child id" do
+        expect(parent.child_ids).to include(child.id)
+      end
+
+      describe "when reloading" do
+        before do
+          parent.reload
+          child.reload
+        end
+
+        it "sets the parent" do
+          expect(child.parents).to include(parent)
+        end
+
+        it "sets the parent id" do
+          expect(child.parent_ids).to include(parent.id)
+        end
+
+        it "sets the child" do
+          expect(parent.children).to include(child)
+        end
+
+        it "sets the child id" do
+          expect(parent.child_ids).to include(child.id)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ nil, [] ].each do |value|
+
+    describe "#= #{value}" do
+
+      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+        context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new
+          end
+
+          let(:house) do
+            House.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.houses << house
+            person.houses = value
+          end
+
+          it "clears the relation" do
+            expect(person.houses).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "clears the foreign keys" do
+            expect(person.house_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new
+          end
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.preferences = [ preference ]
+            person.preferences = value
+          end
+
+          it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removed the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the foreign key values" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the inverse foreign key values" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+          context "when the relation has been loaded" do
+
+            let(:person) do
+              Person.create!
+            end
+
+            let(:preference) do
+              Preference.new
+            end
+
+            before do
+              person.preferences = [ preference ]
+              person.preferences = value
+            end
+
+            it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
+            end
+
+            it "removed the inverse relation" do
+              expect(preference.people).to be_empty
+            end
+
+            it "removes the foreign key values" do
+              expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
+            end
+
+            it "removes the inverse foreign key values" do
+              expect(preference.person_ids).to be_empty
+            end
+
+            it "does not delete the target from the database" do
+              expect(preference).to_not be_destroyed
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when the relation has not been loaded" do
+
+            let(:preference) do
+              Preference.new
+            end
+
+            let(:person) do
+              Person.create!.tap do |p|
+                p.preferences = [ preference ]
+              end
+            end
+
+            let!(:from_db) do
+              Person.find(person.id)
+            end
+
+            before do
+              from_db.preferences = value
+            end
+
+            it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+              expect(from_db.preferences).to be_empty
+            end
+
+            it "removes the foreign key values" do
+              expect(from_db.preference_ids).to be_empty
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :build, :new ].each do |method|
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+
+      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+        context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new
+          end
+
+          let!(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.send(method, name: "settings")
+          end
+
+          it "adds the document to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the attributes" do
+            expect(preference.name).to eq("settings")
+          end
+
+          it "does not save the target" do
+            expect(preference).to be_new_record
+          end
+
+          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.create!
+          end
+
+          let!(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.send(method, name: "settings")
+          end
+
+          it "adds the document to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the attributes" do
+            expect(preference.name).to eq("settings")
+          end
+
+          it "does not save the target" do
+            expect(preference).to be_new_record
+          end
+
+          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          context "when saving the target" do
+
+            before do
+              preference.save!
+            end
+
+            it "persists the parent keys" do
+              expect(person.reload.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#clear" do
+
+    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+      context "when the parent has been persisted" do
+
+        let!(:person) do
+          Person.create!
+        end
+
+        context "when the children are persisted" do
+
+          let!(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.create!(name: "settings")
+          end
+
+          let!(:relation) do
+            person.preferences.clear
+          end
+
+          it "clears out the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the parent from the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people).to_not include(person)
+          end
+
+          it "removes the foreign keys" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the parent key from the inverse" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to_not include(person.id)
+          end
+
+          it "does not delete the documents" do
+            expect(preference).to_not be_destroyed
+          end
+
+          it "persists the nullification" do
+            expect(person.reload.preferences).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "returns the relation" do
+            expect(relation).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the children are not persisted" do
+
+          let!(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.build(name: "setting")
+          end
+
+          let!(:relation) do
+            person.preferences.clear
+          end
+
+          it "clears out the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is not persisted" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.new
+        end
+
+        let!(:preference) do
+          person.preferences.build(name: "setting")
+        end
+
+        let!(:relation) do
+          person.preferences.clear
+        end
+
+        it "clears out the relation" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the association has callbacks" do
+
+      let(:post) do
+        Post.new
+      end
+
+      let(:tag) do
+        Tag.new
+      end
+
+      before do
+        post.tags << tag
+      end
+
+      context "when the callback is a before_remove" do
+
+        context "when no errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            post.tags.clear
+          end
+
+          it "executes the callback" do
+            expect(post.before_remove_called).to be true
+          end
+
+          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            expect(post).to receive(:before_remove_tag).and_raise
+            begin; post.tags.clear; rescue; end
+          end
+
+          it "does not remove the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to eq([ tag ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the callback is an after_remove" do
+
+        context "when no errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            post.tags.clear
+          end
+
+          it "executes the callback" do
+            expect(post.after_remove_called).to be true
+          end
+
+          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            expect(post).to receive(:after_remove_tag).and_raise
+            begin; post.tags.clear; rescue; end
+          end
+
+          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#concat" do
+
+    context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.new
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        Preference.new
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+      end
+
+      it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+        expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        Preference.new
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+      end
+
+      it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+        expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the relations are not polymorphic" do
+
+      context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.new
+        end
+
+        let(:house) do
+          House.new
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.houses.concat([ house ])
+        end
+
+        it "appends the document to the relation" do
+          expect(person.houses).to eq([ house ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          expect(person.house_ids).to eq([ house.id ])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when appending in a parent create block" do
+
+        let!(:preference) do
+          Preference.create!(name: "testing")
+        end
+
+        let!(:person) do
+          Person.create! do |doc|
+            doc.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "saves the target" do
+          expect(preference).to be_persisted
+        end
+
+        it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        it "persists the link" do
+          expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.new
+        end
+
+        context "when the child is new" do
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "does not save the target" do
+            expect(preference).to be_new_record
+          end
+
+          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          context "when appending a second time" do
+
+            before do
+              person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "does not allow the document to be added again" do
+              expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+            end
+
+            it "does not allow duplicate ids" do
+              expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the child is already persisted" do
+
+          let!(:persisted) do
+            Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+          end
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.first
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+            person.save!
+          end
+
+          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "saves the target" do
+            expect(preference).to be_persisted
+          end
+
+          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "persists the link" do
+            expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when setting via the associated ids" do
+
+          let!(:persisted) do
+            Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+          end
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            Preference.first
+          end
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new(preference_ids: [ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.save!
+          end
+
+          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.reload.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "persists the link" do
+            expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.create!
+        end
+
+        let(:preference) do
+          Preference.new
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+          expect(preference.people.first).to eql(person)
+        end
+
+        it "saves the target" do
+          expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+        end
+
+        it "adds the document to the target" do
+          expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        context "when documents already exist on the relation" do
+
+          let(:preference_two) do
+            Preference.new
+          end
+
+          before do
+            person.preferences.concat([ preference_two ])
+          end
+
+          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference, preference_two ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id, preference_two.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference_two.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference_two.people).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference_two.people.first).to eql(person)
+          end
+
+          it "saves the target" do
+            expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+          end
+
+          it "adds the document to the target" do
+            expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(2)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when both sides have been persisted" do
+
+        let(:person) do
+          Person.create!
+        end
+
+        let(:event) do
+          Event.create!
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.administrated_events.concat([ event ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          expect(person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          expect(event.administrators(true)).to eq([ person ])
+        end
+
+        context "when reloading" do
+
+          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            expect(person.reload.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            expect(event.reload.administrators).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when performing a new database query" do
+
+          let(:loaded_person) do
+            Person.find(person.id)
+          end
+
+          let(:loaded_event) do
+            Event.find(event.id)
+          end
+
+          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            expect(loaded_person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            expect(loaded_event.administrators).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the relation also includes a has_many relation" do
+
+        let(:artwork) do
+          Artwork.create!
+        end
+
+        let(:exhibition) do
+          Exhibition.create!
+        end
+
+        let(:exhibitor) do
+          Exhibitor.create!(exhibition: exhibition)
+        end
+
+        before do
+          artwork.exhibitors.concat([ exhibitor ])
+        end
+
+        it "creates a single artwork object" do
+          expect(Artwork.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the relation is self referencing" do
+
+        let(:tag_one) do
+          Tag.create!(text: "one")
+        end
+
+        let(:tag_two) do
+          Tag.create!(text: "two")
+        end
+
+        before do
+          tag_one.related.concat([ tag_two ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          expect(tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
+        end
+
+        it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          expect(tag_two.related(true)).to eq([ tag_one ])
+        end
+
+        context "when reloading" do
+
+          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            expect(tag_one.reload.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            expect(tag_two.reload.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when performing a new database query" do
+
+          let(:loaded_tag_one) do
+            Tag.find(tag_one.id)
+          end
+
+          let(:loaded_tag_two) do
+            Tag.find(tag_two.id)
+          end
+
+          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            expect(loaded_tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            expect(loaded_tag_two.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#count" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    context "when nothing exists on the relation" do
+
+      context "when the document is destroyed" do
+
+        before do
+          Meat.create!
+        end
+
+        let!(:sandwich) do
+          Sandwich.create!
+        end
+
+        it "returns zero" do
+          sandwich.destroy
+          expect(sandwich.meats.count).to eq(0)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#any?" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      context "when nothing exists on the relation" do
+
+        context "when no document is added" do
+
+          let!(:sandwich) do
+            Sandwich.create!
+          end
+
+          it "returns false" do
+            expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be false
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the document is destroyed" do
+
+          before do
+            Meat.create!
+          end
+
+          let!(:sandwich) do
+            Sandwich.create!
+          end
+
+          it "returns false" do
+            sandwich.destroy
+            expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when documents have been persisted" do
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "setting")
+      end
+
+      it "returns the number of persisted documents" do
+        expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when appending to a loaded relation" do
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "setting")
+      end
+
+      before do
+        person.preferences.count
+        person.preferences << Preference.create!(name: "two")
+      end
+
+      it "returns the number of persisted documents" do
+        expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(2)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when documents have not been persisted" do
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        person.preferences.build(name: "settings")
+      end
+
+      it "returns 0" do
+        expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when new documents exist in the database" do
+
+      context "when the documents are part of the relation" do
+
+        before do
+          Preference.create!(person_ids: [ person.id ])
+        end
+
+        it "returns the count from the db" do
+          expect(person.reload.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the documents are not part of the relation" do
+
+        before do
+          Preference.create!
+        end
+
+        it "returns the count from the db" do
+          expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
+
+      context "when documents have been persisted" do
+
+        let!(:house) do
+          person.houses.create!(name: "Wayne Manor")
+        end
+
+        it "returns the number of persisted documents" do
+          expect(person.houses.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when documents have not been persisted" do
+
+        let!(:house) do
+          person.houses.build(name: "Ryugyong Hotel")
+        end
+
+        it "returns 0" do
+          expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#any?" do
+
+    let(:sandwich) do
+      Sandwich.create!
+    end
+
+    context "when nothing exists on the relation" do
+
+      context "when no document is added" do
+
+        let!(:sandwich) do
+          Sandwich.create!
+        end
+
+        it "returns false" do
+          expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be false
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the document is destroyed" do
+
+        before do
+          Meat.create!
+        end
+
+        let!(:sandwich) do
+          Sandwich.create!
+        end
+
+        it "returns false" do
+          sandwich.destroy
+          expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when appending to a relation and _loaded/_unloaded are empty" do
+
+      let!(:sandwich) do
+        Sandwich.create!
+      end
+
+      before do
+        sandwich.meats << Meat.new
+      end
+
+      it "returns true" do
+        expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when appending to a relation in a transaction" do
+      require_transaction_support
+
+      let!(:sandwich) do
+        Sandwich.create!
+      end
+
+      it "returns true" do
+        sandwich.with_session do |session|
+          session.with_transaction do
+            expect{ sandwich.meats << Meat.new }.to_not raise_error
+            expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when documents have been persisted" do
+
+      let!(:meat) do
+        sandwich.meats.create!
+      end
+
+      it "returns true" do
+        expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when documents have not been persisted" do
+
+      let!(:meat) do
+        sandwich.meats.build
+      end
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when new documents exist in the database" do
+      before do
+        Meat.create!(sandwiches: [sandwich])
+      end
+
+      it "returns true" do
+        expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :create, :create! ].each do |method|
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+
+      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+        context "when using string keys" do
+
+          let(:agent) do
+            Agent.create!(number: "007")
+          end
+
+          before do
+            agent.accounts.send(method, name: "test again")
+          end
+
+          it "does not convert the string key to an object id" do
+            expect(agent.account_ids).to eq([ "test-again" ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.new
+          end
+
+          it "raises an unsaved document error" do
+            expect {
+              person.preferences.send(method, name: "Testing")
+            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::UnsavedDocument)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.send(method)
+          end
+
+          let!(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.send(method, name: "Testing")
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "adds the document" do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+            expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
+          end
+
+          it "sets the attributes" do
+            expect(preference.name).to eq("Testing")
+          end
+
+          it "saves the target" do
+            expect(preference).to be_persisted
+          end
+
+          it "adds the document to the target" do
+            expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "does not duplicate documents" do
+            expect(person.reload.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "does not duplicate ids" do
+            expect(person.reload.preference_ids.count).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#create!" do
+
+    context "when validation fails" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+        it "raises an error" do
+          expect {
+            person.preferences.create!(name: "a")
+          }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::Validations)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#delete" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "Testing")
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "Test")
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences << [ preference_one, preference_two ]
+    end
+
+    context "when the document exists" do
+
+      let!(:deleted) do
+        person.preferences.delete(preference_one)
+      end
+
+      it "removes the document from the relation" do
+        expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference_two ])
+      end
+
+      it "returns the document" do
+        expect(deleted).to eq(preference_one)
+      end
+
+      it "removes the document key from the foreign key" do
+        expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference_two.id ])
+      end
+
+      it "removes the inverse reference" do
+        expect(deleted.reload.people).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "removes the base id from the inverse keys" do
+        expect(deleted.reload.person_ids).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      context "and person and preferences are reloaded" do
+
+        before do
+          person.reload
+          preference_one.reload
+          preference_two.reload
+        end
+
+        it "nullifies the deleted preference" do
+          expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference_two ])
+        end
+
+        it "retains the ids for one preference" do
+          expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference_two.id ])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the document does not exist" do
+
+      let!(:deleted) do
+        person.preferences.delete(Preference.new)
+      end
+
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(deleted).to be_nil
+      end
+
+      it "does not modify the relation" do
+        expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
+      end
+
+      it "does not modify the keys" do
+        expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference_one.id, preference_two.id ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when :dependent => :nullify is set" do
+
+      context "when :inverse_of is set" do
+
+        let(:event) do
+          Event.create!
+        end
+
+        before do
+          person.administrated_events << [ event ]
+        end
+
+        it "deletes the document" do
+          expect(event.delete).to be true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the relationships are self referencing" do
+
+      let(:tag_one) do
+        Tag.create!(text: "one")
+      end
+
+      let(:tag_two) do
+        Tag.create!(text: "two")
+      end
+
+      before do
+        tag_one.related << tag_two
+      end
+
+      context "when deleting without reloading" do
+
+        let!(:deleted) do
+          tag_one.related.delete(tag_two)
+        end
+
+        it "deletes the document from the relation" do
+          expect(tag_one.related).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it "deletes the foreign key from the relation" do
+          expect(tag_one.related_ids).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it "removes the reference from the inverse" do
+          expect(deleted.related).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it "removes the foreign keys from the inverse" do
+          expect(deleted.related_ids).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when deleting with reloading" do
+
+        context "when deleting from the front side" do
+
+          let(:reloaded) do
+            tag_one.reload
+          end
+
+          let!(:deleted) do
+            reloaded.related.delete(tag_two)
+          end
+
+          it "deletes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(reloaded.related).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "deletes the foreign key from the relation" do
+            expect(reloaded.related_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the reference from the inverse" do
+            expect(deleted.related).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the foreign keys from the inverse" do
+            expect(deleted.related_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when deleting from the inverse side" do
+
+          let(:reloaded) do
+            tag_two.reload
+          end
+
+          let!(:deleted) do
+            reloaded.related.delete(tag_one)
+          end
+
+          it "deletes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(reloaded.related).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "deletes the foreign key from the relation" do
+            expect(reloaded.related_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+
+          it "removes the foreign keys from the inverse" do
+            expect(deleted.related_ids).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the association has callbacks" do
+
+      let(:post) do
+        Post.new
+      end
+
+      let(:tag) do
+        Tag.new
+      end
+
+      before do
+        post.tags << tag
+      end
+
+      context "when the callback is a before_remove" do
+
+        context "when there are no errors" do
+
+          before do
+            post.tags.delete tag
+          end
+
+          it "executes the callback" do
+            expect(post.before_remove_called).to be true
+          end
+
+          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            expect(post).to receive(:before_remove_tag).and_raise
+            begin; post.tags.delete(tag); rescue; end
+          end
+
+          it "does not remove the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to eq([ tag ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the callback is an after_remove" do
+
+        context "when no errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            post.tags.delete(tag)
+          end
+
+          it "executes the callback" do
+            expect(post.after_remove_called).to be true
+          end
+
+          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when errors are raised" do
+
+          before do
+            expect(post).to receive(:after_remove_tag).and_raise
+            begin; post.tags.delete(tag); rescue; end
+          end
+
+          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+            expect(post.tags).to be_empty
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :delete_all, :destroy_all ].each do |method|
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+
+      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+        context "when conditions are provided" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.create!
+          end
+
+          let!(:preference_one) do
+            person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+          end
+
+          let!(:preference_two) do
+            person.preferences.create!(name: "Test")
+          end
+
+          let!(:deleted) do
+            person.preferences.send(
+                method,
+                { name: "Testing" }
+            )
+          end
+
+          it "removes the correct preferences" do
+            expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "deletes the documents from the database" do
+            expect(Preference.where(name: "Testing").count).to eq(0)
+          end
+
+          it "returns the number of documents deleted" do
+            expect(deleted).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "removes the ids from the foreign key" do
+            expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference_two.id ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when conditions are not provided" do
+
+          let(:person) do
+            Person.create!.tap do |person|
+              person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+              person.preferences.create!(name: "Test")
+            end
+          end
+
+          let!(:deleted) do
+            person.preferences.send(method)
+          end
+
+          it "removes the correct preferences" do
+            expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
+          end
+
+          it "deletes the documents from the database" do
+            expect(Preference.count).to eq(0)
+          end
+
+          it "returns the number of documents deleted" do
+            expect(deleted).to eq(2)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe ".embedded?" do
+
+    it "returns false" do
+      expect(described_class).to_not be_embedded
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#exists?" do
+
+    let!(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    context "when documents exist in the database" do
+
+      before do
+        person.preferences.create!
+      end
+
+      it "returns true" do
+        expect(person.preferences.exists?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when no documents exist in the database" do
+
+      before do
+        person.preferences.build
+      end
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(person.preferences.exists?).to be false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#find" do
+
+    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference_one) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "Test")
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference_two) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "OMG I has relations")
+      end
+
+      let!(:unrelated_pref) do
+        Preference.create!(name: "orphan annie")
+      end
+
+      let!(:unrelated_pref_two) do
+        Preference.create!(name: "orphan two")
+      end
+
+      context "when providing an id" do
+
+        context "when the id matches" do
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.find(preference_one.id)
+          end
+
+          it "returns the matching document" do
+            expect(preference).to eq(preference_one)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the id matches an unreferenced document" do
+
+          let(:preference) do
+            person.preferences.find(unrelated_pref.id)
+          end
+
+          it "raises an error" do
+            expect {
+              preference
+            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the id does not match" do
+
+          context "when config set to raise error" do
+
+            before do
+              Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = true
+            end
+
+            it "raises an error" do
+              expect {
+                person.preferences.find(BSON::ObjectId.new)
+              }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when config set not to raise error" do
+
+            let(:preference) do
+              person.preferences.find(BSON::ObjectId.new)
+            end
+
+            before do
+              Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = false
+            end
+
+            after do
+              Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = true
+            end
+
+            it "returns nil" do
+              expect(preference).to be_nil
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when providing an array of ids" do
+
+        context "when the ids match" do
+
+          let(:preferences) do
+            person.preferences.find([ preference_one.id, preference_two.id ])
+          end
+
+          it "returns the matching documents" do
+            expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the ids match unreferenced documents" do
+
+          let(:preferences) do
+            person.preferences.find(
+                [ unrelated_pref.id, unrelated_pref_two.id ]
+            )
+          end
+
+          it "raises an error" do
+            expect {
+              preferences
+            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the ids do not match" do
+
+          context "when config set to raise error" do
+
+            before do
+              Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = true
+            end
+
+            it "raises an error" do
+              expect {
+                person.preferences.find([ BSON::ObjectId.new ])
+              }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when config set not to raise error" do
+
+            let(:preferences) do
+              person.preferences.find([ BSON::ObjectId.new ])
+            end
+
+            before do
+              Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = false
+            end
+
+            after do
+              Mongoid.raise_not_found_error = true
+            end
+
+            it "returns an empty array" do
+              expect(preferences).to be_empty
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#find_or_create_by" do
+
+    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+      end
+
+      context "when the document exists" do
+
+        let(:found) do
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by(name: "Testing")
+        end
+
+        it "returns the document" do
+          expect(found).to eq(preference)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the document does not exist" do
+
+        let(:found) do
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by(name: "Test")
+        end
+
+        it "sets the new document attributes" do
+          expect(found.name).to eq("Test")
+        end
+
+        it "returns a newly persisted document" do
+          expect(found).to be_persisted
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#find_or_create_by!" do
+
+    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+      end
+
+      context "when the document exists" do
+
+        let(:found) do
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: "Testing")
+        end
+
+        it "returns the document" do
+          expect(found).to eq(preference)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the document does not exist" do
+
+        let(:found) do
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: "Test")
+        end
+
+        it "sets the new document attributes" do
+          expect(found.name).to eq("Test")
+        end
+
+        it "returns a newly persisted document" do
+          expect(found).to be_persisted
+        end
+
+        context "when validation fails" do
+
+          it "raises an error" do
+            expect {
+              person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: "A")
+            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::Validations)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#find_or_initialize_by" do
+
+    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+      end
+
+      context "when the document exists" do
+
+        let(:found) do
+          person.preferences.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Testing")
+        end
+
+        it "returns the document" do
+          expect(found).to eq(preference)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the document does not exist" do
+
+        let(:found) do
+          person.preferences.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Test")
+        end
+
+        it "sets the new document attributes" do
+          expect(found.name).to eq("Test")
+        end
+
+        it "returns a non persisted document" do
+          expect(found).to_not be_persisted
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#max" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 10)
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
+    end
+
+    let(:max) do
+      person.preferences.max do |a,b|
+        a.ranking <=> b.ranking
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "returns the document with the max value of the supplied field" do
+      expect(max).to eq(preference_two)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#max_by" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 10)
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
+    end
+
+    let(:max) do
+      person.preferences.max_by(&:ranking)
+    end
+
+    it "returns the document with the max value of the supplied field" do
+      expect(max).to eq(preference_two)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#method_missing" do
+
+    let!(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let!(:preference_one) do
+      person.preferences.create!(name: "First", value: "Posting")
+    end
+
+    let!(:preference_two) do
+      person.preferences.create!(name: "Second", value: "Testing")
+    end
+
+    let!(:unrelated) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "Third")
+    end
+
+    context "when providing a single criteria" do
+
+      let(:preferences) do
+        person.preferences.where(name: "First")
+      end
+
+      it "applies the criteria to the documents" do
+        expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
+      end
+
+      context 'when providing a collation' do
+        min_server_version '3.4'
+
+        let(:preferences) do
+          person.preferences.where(name: "FIRST").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2).to_a
+        end
+
+        it "applies the collation option to the query" do
+          expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing a criteria on id" do
+
+      let(:preferences) do
+        person.preferences.where(_id: unrelated.id)
+      end
+
+      it "does not return unrelated documents" do
+        expect(preferences).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing a criteria class method" do
+
+      let(:preferences) do
+        person.preferences.posting
+      end
+
+      it "applies the criteria to the documents" do
+        expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when chaining criteria" do
+
+      let(:preferences) do
+        person.preferences.posting.where(:name.in => [ "First" ])
+      end
+
+      it "applies the criteria to the documents" do
+        expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when delegating methods" do
+
+      describe "#distinct" do
+
+        let(:values) do
+          person.preferences.distinct(:name)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the distinct values for the fields" do
+          expect(values).to include("First")
+          expect(values).to include("Second")
+        end
+
+        context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
+
+          let!(:house) do
+            person.houses.create!(name: "Wayne Manor")
+          end
+
+          it "returns the distinct values for the fields" do
+            expect(person.houses.distinct(:name)).to eq([ house.name ])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#min" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 10)
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
+    end
+
+    let(:min) do
+      person.preferences.min do |a, b|
+        a.ranking <=> b.ranking
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "returns the min value of the supplied field" do
+      expect(min).to eq(preference_one)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#min_by" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(ranking: 10)
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
+    end
+
+    let(:min) do
+      person.preferences.min_by(&:ranking)
+    end
+
+    it "returns the min value of the supplied field" do
+      expect(min).to eq(preference_one)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#nil?" do
+
+    it "returns false" do
+      expect(Person.new.preferences).to_not be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#nullify_all" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let!(:preference_one) do
+      person.preferences.create!(name: "One")
+    end
+
+    let!(:preference_two) do
+      person.preferences.create!(name: "Two")
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences.nullify_all
+    end
+
+    it "removes the foreign key from the base document" do
+      [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
+        expect(person.preference_ids).to_not include(preference.id)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "removes the foreign key from the target documents" do
+      [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
+        expect(preference.person_ids).to_not include(person.id)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "removes the reference from the base document" do
+      [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
+        expect(person.preferences).to_not include(preference)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "removes the reference from the target documents" do
+      [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
+        expect(preference.people).to_not include(person)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "saves the documents" do
+      expect(preference_one.reload.people).to_not include(person)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#respond_to?" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.new
+    end
+
+    let(:preferences) do
+      person.preferences
+    end
+
+    Array.public_instance_methods.sort.each do |method|
+
+      context "when checking Array##{method}" do
+
+        before do
+          expect([].respond_to?(method)).to be true
+        end
+
+        it "returns true" do
+          expect(preferences.respond_to?(method)).to be true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy.public_instance_methods.sort.each do |method|
+
+      context "when checking Proxy##{method}" do
+
+        it "returns true" do
+          expect(preferences.respond_to?(method)).to be true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    Preference.scopes.keys.sort.each do |method|
+
+      context "when checking scope #{method}" do
+
+        it "returns true" do
+          expect(preferences.respond_to?(method)).to be true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#scoped" do
+
+    let(:scoped) do
+      person.preferences.scoped
+    end
+
+    context 'when association is empty' do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.new
+      end
+
+      it "returns the relation criteria" do
+        expect(scoped).to be_a(Mongoid::Criteria)
+      end
+
+      it "returns with an empty selector" do
+        expect(scoped.selector).to eq("_id" => { "$in" => [] })
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when association is not empty' do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!(preferences: [
+          Preference.new(id: 123),
+        ])
+      end
+
+      it "returns with a selector including association element ids" do
+        expect(scoped.selector).to eq("_id" => { "$in" => [123] })
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :size, :length ].each do |method|
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      context "when documents have been persisted" do
+
+        let!(:preference) do
+          person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+        end
+
+        it "returns the number of documents" do
+          expect(person.preferences.send(method)).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when documents have not been persisted" do
+
+        before do
+          person.preferences.build(name: "Test")
+          person.preferences.create!(name: "Test 2")
+        end
+
+        it "returns the total number of documents" do
+          expect(person.preferences.send(method)).to eq(2)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#unscoped" do
+
+    context "when the relation has no default scope" do
+
+      let!(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference_one) do
+        person.preferences.create!(name: "first")
+      end
+
+      let!(:preference_two) do
+        Preference.create!(name: "second")
+      end
+
+      let(:unscoped) do
+        person.preferences.unscoped
+      end
+
+      it "returns only the associated documents" do
+        expect(unscoped).to eq([ preference_one ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the relation has a default scope" do
+
+      let!(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:house_one) do
+        person.houses.create!(name: "first")
+      end
+
+      let!(:house_two) do
+        House.create!(name: "second")
+      end
+
+      let(:unscoped) do
+        person.houses.unscoped
+      end
+
+      it "only returns associated documents" do
+        expect(unscoped).to eq([ house_one ])
+      end
+
+      it "removes the default scoping options" do
+        expect(unscoped.options).to eq({})
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when setting the ids directly after the documents" do
+
+    let!(:person) do
+      Person.create!(title: "The Boss")
+    end
+
+    let!(:girlfriend_house) do
+      House.create!(name: "Girlfriend")
+    end
+
+    let!(:wife_house) do
+      House.create!(name: "Wife")
+    end
+
+    let!(:exwife_house) do
+      House.create!(name: "Ex-Wife")
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.update_attributes!(
+          houses: [ wife_house, exwife_house, girlfriend_house ]
+      )
+      person.update_attributes!(house_ids: [ girlfriend_house.id ])
+    end
+
+    context "when reloading" do
+
+      it "properly sets the references" do
+        expect(person.houses(true)).to eq([ girlfriend_house ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when setting both sides in a single call" do
+
+    context "when the documents are new" do
+
+      let(:user) do
+        User.new(name: "testing")
+      end
+
+      let(:business) do
+        Business.new(name: "serious", owners: [ user ])
+      end
+
+      before do
+        user.businesses = [ business ]
+      end
+
+      it "sets the businesses" do
+        expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
+      end
+
+      it "sets the inverse users" do
+        expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
+      end
+
+      it "sets the inverse businesses" do
+        expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when one side is persisted" do
+
+      let!(:user) do
+        User.new(name: "testing")
+      end
+
+      let!(:business) do
+        Business.create!(name: "serious", owners: [ user ])
+      end
+
+      before do
+        user.businesses = [ business ]
+      end
+
+      it "sets the businesses" do
+        expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
+      end
+
+      it "sets the inverse users" do
+        expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
+      end
+
+      it "sets the inverse businesses" do
+        expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
+      end
+
+      context "when reloading" do
+
+        before do
+          user.reload
+          business.reload
+        end
+
+        it "persists the businesses" do
+          expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
+        end
+
+        it "persists the inverse users" do
+          expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
+        end
+
+        it "persists the inverse businesses" do
+          expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the documents are persisted" do
+
+      let(:user) do
+        User.create!(name: "tst")
+      end
+
+      let(:business) do
+        Business.create!(name: "srs", owners: [ user ])
+      end
+
+      before do
+        user.businesses = [ business ]
+      end
+
+      it "sets the businesses" do
+        expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
+      end
+
+      it "sets the inverse users" do
+        expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
+      end
+
+      it "sets the inverse businesses" do
+        expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
+      end
+
+      context "when reloading" do
+
+        before do
+          user.reload
+          business.reload
+        end
+
+        it "persists the businesses" do
+          expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
+        end
+
+        it "persists the inverse users" do
+          expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
+        end
+
+        it "persists the inverse businesses" do
+          expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when binding the relation multiple times" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference) do
+      person.preferences.create!(name: "testing")
+    end
+
+    before do
+      2.times do
+        person.preferences.each do |preference|
+          expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "does not duplicate foreign keys" do
+      expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when the association has order criteria" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      OrderedPreference.create!(name: 'preference-1', value: 10)
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      OrderedPreference.create!(name: 'preference-2', value: 20)
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_three) do
+      OrderedPreference.create!(name: 'preference-3', value: 20)
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.ordered_preferences.nullify_all
+      person.ordered_preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two, preference_three)
+    end
+
+    it "orders the documents" do
+      expect(person.ordered_preferences(true)).to eq(
+                                                      [preference_two, preference_three, preference_one]
+                                                  )
+    end
+
+    it "chains default criteria with additional" do
+      expect(person.ordered_preferences.order_by(:name.desc).to_a).to eq(
+                                                                          [preference_three, preference_two, preference_one]
+                                                                      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when the parent is not a new record and freshly loaded" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let(:preference) do
+      Preference.new
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences = [ preference ]
+      person.save!
+      person.reload
+      person.preferences = nil
+    end
+
+    it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+      expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "removes the foreign key values" do
+      expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "does not delete the target from the database" do
+      expect {
+        preference.reload
+      }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when reloading the relation" do
+
+    let!(:person) do
+      Person.create!
+    end
+
+    let!(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "one")
+    end
+
+    let!(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "two")
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preferences << preference_one
+    end
+
+    context "when the relation references the same documents" do
+
+      before do
+        Preference.collection.find({ _id: preference_one.id }).
+            update_one({ "$set" => { name: "reloaded" }})
+      end
+
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        person.preferences(true)
+      end
+
+      it "reloads the document from the database" do
+        expect(reloaded.first.name).to eq("reloaded")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the relation references different documents" do
+
+      before do
+        person.preferences << preference_two
+      end
+
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        person.preferences(true)
+      end
+
+      it "reloads the new document from the database" do
+        expect(reloaded).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when adding to a relation via a field setter" do
+
+    context "when the document is new" do
+
+      let!(:person) do
+        Person.create!(preference_names: "one, two")
+      end
+
+      let(:preference_one) do
+        person.reload.preferences.first
+      end
+
+      let(:preference_two) do
+        person.reload.preferences.last
+      end
+
+      it "persists the first preference" do
+        expect(preference_one).to_not be_nil
+      end
+
+      it "sets the first inverse" do
+        expect(preference_one.people).to eq([ person ])
+      end
+
+      it "persists the second preference" do
+        expect(preference_two).to_not be_nil
+      end
+
+      it "sets the second inverse keys" do
+        expect(preference_two.people).to eq([ person ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when changing the order of existing ids" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.new
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "one")
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_two) do
+      Preference.create!(name: "two")
+    end
+
+    before do
+      person.preference_ids = [ preference_one.id, preference_two.id ]
+      person.save!
+    end
+
+    context "and the order is changed" do
+
+      before do
+        person.preference_ids = [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id ]
+        person.save!
+      end
+
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        Person.find(person.id)
+      end
+
+      it "persists the change in id order" do
+        expect(reloaded.preference_ids).to eq(
+                                               [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id ]
+                                           )
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "and the order is changed and an element is added" do
+
+      let(:preference_three) do
+        Preference.create!(name: "three")
+      end
+
+      before do
+        person.preference_ids =
+            [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id, preference_three.id ]
+        person.save!
+      end
+
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        Person.find(person.id)
+      end
+
+      it "also persists the change in id order" do
+        expect(reloaded.preference_ids).to eq(
+                                               [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id, preference_three.id ]
+                                           )
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "and the order is changed and an element is removed" do
+
+      let(:preference_three) do
+        Preference.create!(name: "three")
+      end
+
+      before do
+        person.preference_ids =
+            [ preference_one.id, preference_two.id, preference_three.id ]
+        person.save!
+        person.preference_ids =
+            [ preference_three.id, preference_two.id ]
+        person.save!
+      end
+
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        Person.find(person.id)
+      end
+
+      it "also persists the change in id order" do
+        expect(reloaded.preference_ids).to eq(
+                                               [ preference_three.id, preference_two.id ]
+                                           )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when adding a document" do
+
+    let(:person) do
+      Person.new
+    end
+
+    let(:preference_one) do
+      Preference.new
+    end
+
+    let(:first_add) do
+      person.preferences.push(preference_one)
+    end
+
+    context "when chaining a second add" do
+
+      let(:preference_two) do
+        Preference.new
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        first_add.push(preference_two)
+      end
+
+      it "adds both documents" do
+        expect(result).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when setting the relation via the foreign key" do
+
+    context "when the relation exists" do
+
+      let!(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:pref_one) do
+        person.preferences.create!
+      end
+
+      let!(:pref_two) do
+        Preference.create!
+      end
+
+      before do
+        person.preference_ids = [ pref_two.id ]
+      end
+
+      it "sets the new documents on the relation" do
+        expect(person.preferences).to eq([ pref_two ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when using a different primary key" do
+
+    let(:dog) do
+      Dog.create!(name: 'Doggie')
+    end
+
+    let(:cat) do
+      Cat.create!(name: 'Kitty')
+    end
+
+    let(:another_cat) do
+      Cat.create!(name: 'Kitten')
+    end
+
+    let(:fire_hydrant) do
+      FireHydrant.create!(location: '221B Baker Street')
+    end
+
+    context "when adding to a one-way many to many" do
+
+      before do
+        fire_hydrant.cats.push(cat)
+      end
+
+      it "adds the pk value to the fk set" do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([cat.name])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when adding multiple documents to a one-way many to many" do
+
+      before do
+        fire_hydrant.cats.push([cat, another_cat])
+      end
+
+      it "adds the pk values to the fk set" do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([cat.name, another_cat.name])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when adding a new document to a one-way many to many" do
+
+      before do
+        fire_hydrant.cats.build name: 'Kitten'
+      end
+
+      it "adds the pk values to the fk set" do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq(['Kitten'])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when adding to a two-way many to many" do
+
+      before do
+        fire_hydrant.dogs.push(dog)
+      end
+
+      it "adds the pk value to the fk set" do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.dog_ids).to eq([dog.name])
+      end
+
+      it "adds the base pk value to the inverse fk set" do
+        expect(dog.fire_hydrant_ids).to eq([fire_hydrant.location])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when deleting from a two-way many to many" do
+
+      before do
+        dog.fire_hydrants.push(fire_hydrant)
+        fire_hydrant.dogs.delete(dog)
+      end
+
+      it "removes the pk value from the fk set" do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.dog_ids).to eq([])
+      end
+
+      it "removes the base pk value from the inverse fk set" do
+        expect(dog.fire_hydrant_ids).to eq([])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "HABTM" do
+    before do
+      class Project
+        include Mongoid::Document
+
+        field :n, type: String, as: :name
+
+        has_and_belongs_to_many :distributors,
+                                foreign_key: :d_ids,
+                                inverse_of: 'p'
+      end
+
+      class Distributor
+        include Mongoid::Document
+
+        field :n, type: String, as: :name
+
+        has_and_belongs_to_many :projects,
+                                foreign_key: :p_ids,
+                                inverse_of: 'd'
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should assign relation from both sides" do
+      p1 = Project.create! name: 'Foo'
+      p2 = Project.create! name: 'Bar'
+      d1 = Distributor.create! name: 'Rock'
+      d2 = Distributor.create! name: 'Soul'
+
+      p1.distributors << d1
+      expect(p1.d_ids).to match_array([d1.id])
+      expect(d1.p_ids).to match_array([p1.id])
+      d2.projects << p2
+      expect(d2.p_ids).to match_array([p2.id])
+      expect(p2.d_ids).to match_array([d2.id])
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This test is for MONGOID-5344 which tests that the initial call to
+  # signature_ids refers to the same array as subsequent calls to signature_ids.
+  # Prior to the change in that ticket, this test broke because the array
+  # returned from write_attribute (which is triggered the first time the
+  # foreign key array is referenced, to set the default), refers to a different
+  # array to the one stored in the attributes hash. This happened because,
+  # when retrieving a document from the database, the attributes hash is actually
+  # a BSON::Document, which applies a transformation to the array before
+  # storing it.
+  context "when executing concat on foreign key array from the db" do
+    config_override :legacy_attributes, false
+
+    before do
+      HabtmmContract.create!
+      HabtmmSignature.create!
+    end
+
+    let!(:contract) { HabtmmContract.first }
+    let!(:signature) { HabtmmSignature.first }
+
+    before do
+      contract.signature_ids.concat([signature.id])
+    end
+
+    it "works on the first attempt" do
+      expect(contract.signature_ids).to eq([signature.id])
+    end
+  end
+end