lazy_record 0.2.1 → 0.2.2

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/atomic_reference/rbx.rb

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-require 'concurrent/atomic_reference/direct_update'
-require 'concurrent/atomic_reference/numeric_cas_wrapper'
-
-module Concurrent
-
-  # @!macro atomic_reference
-  #
-  # @note Extends `Rubinius::AtomicReference` version adding aliases
-  #   and numeric logic.
-  #
-  # @!visibility private
-  # @!macro internal_implementation_note
-  class RbxAtomicReference < Rubinius::AtomicReference
-    alias _compare_and_set compare_and_set
-    include Concurrent::AtomicDirectUpdate
-    include Concurrent::AtomicNumericCompareAndSetWrapper
-
-    alias_method :value, :get
-    alias_method :value=, :set
-    alias_method :swap, :get_and_set
-  end
-end

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/atomic_reference/ruby.rb

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-if defined? Concurrent::CAtomicReference
-  require 'concurrent/synchronization'
-  require 'concurrent/atomic_reference/direct_update'
-  require 'concurrent/atomic_reference/numeric_cas_wrapper'
-
-  module Concurrent
-
-    # @!macro atomic_reference
-    #
-    # @!visibility private
-    # @!macro internal_implementation_note
-    class CAtomicReference
-      include Concurrent::AtomicDirectUpdate
-      include Concurrent::AtomicNumericCompareAndSetWrapper
-
-      # @!method initialize
-      #   @!macro atomic_reference_method_initialize
-
-      # @!method get
-      #   @!macro atomic_reference_method_get
-
-      # @!method set
-      #   @!macro atomic_reference_method_set
-
-      # @!method get_and_set
-      #   @!macro atomic_reference_method_get_and_set
-
-      # @!method _compare_and_set
-      #   @!macro atomic_reference_method_compare_and_set
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/atomics.rb

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# @!macro [new] atomic_reference
-#
-#   An object reference that may be updated atomically. All read and write
-#   operations have java volatile semantic.
-#
-#   @!macro thread_safe_variable_comparison
-#
-#   @see http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicReference.html
-#   @see http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/atomic/package-summary.html
-#
-#   @!method initialize
-#     @!macro [new] atomic_reference_method_initialize
-#       @param [Object] value The initial value.
-#
-#   @!method get
-#     @!macro [new] atomic_reference_method_get
-#       Gets the current value.
-#       @return [Object] the current value
-#
-#   @!method set
-#     @!macro [new] atomic_reference_method_set
-#       Sets to the given value.
-#       @param [Object] new_value the new value
-#       @return [Object] the new value
-#
-#   @!method get_and_set
-#     @!macro [new] atomic_reference_method_get_and_set
-#       Atomically sets to the given value and returns the old value.
-#       @param [Object] new_value the new value
-#       @return [Object] the old value
-#
-#   @!method compare_and_set
-#     @!macro [new] atomic_reference_method_compare_and_set
-#
-#       Atomically sets the value to the given updated value if
-#       the current value == the expected value.
-#
-#       @param [Object] old_value the expected value
-#       @param [Object] new_value the new value
-#
-#       @return [Boolean] `true` if successful. A `false` return indicates
-#       that the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
-
-require 'concurrent/atomic/atomic_reference'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/atomic_boolean'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/atomic_fixnum'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/cyclic_barrier'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/count_down_latch'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/event'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/read_write_lock'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/reentrant_read_write_lock'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/semaphore'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/thread_local_var'

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/collection/copy_on_notify_observer_set.rb

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-require 'concurrent/synchronization'
-
-module Concurrent
-  module Collection
-
-    # A thread safe observer set implemented using copy-on-read approach:
-    # observers are added and removed from a thread safe collection; every time
-    # a notification is required the internal data structure is copied to
-    # prevent concurrency issues
-    #
-    # @api private
-    class CopyOnNotifyObserverSet < Synchronization::LockableObject
-
-      def initialize
-        super()
-        synchronize { ns_initialize }
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_add_observer
-      def add_observer(observer = nil, func = :update, &block)
-        if observer.nil? && block.nil?
-          raise ArgumentError, 'should pass observer as a first argument or block'
-        elsif observer && block
-          raise ArgumentError.new('cannot provide both an observer and a block')
-        end
-
-        if block
-          observer = block
-          func     = :call
-        end
-
-        synchronize do
-          @observers[observer] = func
-          observer
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_delete_observer
-      def delete_observer(observer)
-        synchronize do
-          @observers.delete(observer)
-          observer
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_delete_observers
-      def delete_observers
-        synchronize do
-          @observers.clear
-          self
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_count_observers
-      def count_observers
-        synchronize { @observers.count }
-      end
-
-      # Notifies all registered observers with optional args
-      # @param [Object] args arguments to be passed to each observer
-      # @return [CopyOnWriteObserverSet] self
-      def notify_observers(*args, &block)
-        observers = duplicate_observers
-        notify_to(observers, *args, &block)
-        self
-      end
-
-      # Notifies all registered observers with optional args and deletes them.
-      #
-      # @param [Object] args arguments to be passed to each observer
-      # @return [CopyOnWriteObserverSet] self
-      def notify_and_delete_observers(*args, &block)
-        observers = duplicate_and_clear_observers
-        notify_to(observers, *args, &block)
-        self
-      end
-
-      protected
-
-      def ns_initialize
-        @observers = {}
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def duplicate_and_clear_observers
-        synchronize do
-          observers = @observers.dup
-          @observers.clear
-          observers
-        end
-      end
-
-      def duplicate_observers
-        synchronize { @observers.dup }
-      end
-
-      def notify_to(observers, *args)
-        raise ArgumentError.new('cannot give arguments and a block') if block_given? && !args.empty?
-        observers.each do |observer, function|
-          args = yield if block_given?
-          observer.send(function, *args)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/collection/copy_on_write_observer_set.rb

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-require 'concurrent/synchronization'
-
-module Concurrent
-  module Collection
-
-    # A thread safe observer set implemented using copy-on-write approach:
-    # every time an observer is added or removed the whole internal data structure is
-    # duplicated and replaced with a new one.
-    #
-    # @api private
-    class CopyOnWriteObserverSet < Synchronization::LockableObject
-
-      def initialize
-        super()
-        synchronize { ns_initialize }
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_add_observer
-      def add_observer(observer = nil, func = :update, &block)
-        if observer.nil? && block.nil?
-          raise ArgumentError, 'should pass observer as a first argument or block'
-        elsif observer && block
-          raise ArgumentError.new('cannot provide both an observer and a block')
-        end
-
-        if block
-          observer = block
-          func = :call
-        end
-
-        synchronize do
-          new_observers = @observers.dup
-          new_observers[observer] = func
-          @observers = new_observers
-          observer
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_delete_observer
-      def delete_observer(observer)
-        synchronize do
-          new_observers = @observers.dup
-          new_observers.delete(observer)
-          @observers = new_observers
-          observer
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_delete_observers
-      def delete_observers
-        self.observers = {}
-        self
-      end
-
-      # @!macro observable_count_observers
-      def count_observers
-        observers.count
-      end
-
-      # Notifies all registered observers with optional args
-      # @param [Object] args arguments to be passed to each observer
-      # @return [CopyOnWriteObserverSet] self
-      def notify_observers(*args, &block)
-        notify_to(observers, *args, &block)
-        self
-      end
-
-      # Notifies all registered observers with optional args and deletes them.
-      #
-      # @param [Object] args arguments to be passed to each observer
-      # @return [CopyOnWriteObserverSet] self
-      def notify_and_delete_observers(*args, &block)
-        old = clear_observers_and_return_old
-        notify_to(old, *args, &block)
-        self
-      end
-
-      protected
-
-      def ns_initialize
-        @observers = {}
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def notify_to(observers, *args)
-        raise ArgumentError.new('cannot give arguments and a block') if block_given? && !args.empty?
-        observers.each do |observer, function|
-          args = yield if block_given?
-          observer.send(function, *args)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def observers
-        synchronize { @observers }
-      end
-
-      def observers=(new_set)
-        synchronize { @observers = new_set }
-      end
-
-      def clear_observers_and_return_old
-        synchronize do
-          old_observers = @observers
-          @observers = {}
-          old_observers
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/collection/java_non_concurrent_priority_queue.rb

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-if Concurrent.on_jruby?
-
-  module Concurrent
-    module Collection
-
-
-      # @!macro priority_queue
-      # 
-      # @!visibility private
-      # @!macro internal_implementation_note
-      class JavaNonConcurrentPriorityQueue
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_initialize
-        def initialize(opts = {})
-          order = opts.fetch(:order, :max)
-          if [:min, :low].include?(order)
-            @queue = java.util.PriorityQueue.new(11) # 11 is the default initial capacity
-          else
-            @queue = java.util.PriorityQueue.new(11, java.util.Collections.reverseOrder())
-          end
-        end
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_clear
-        def clear
-          @queue.clear
-          true
-        end
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_delete
-        def delete(item)
-          found = false
-          while @queue.remove(item) do
-            found = true
-          end
-          found
-        end
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_empty
-        def empty?
-          @queue.size == 0
-        end
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_include
-        def include?(item)
-          @queue.contains(item)
-        end
-        alias_method :has_priority?, :include?
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_length
-        def length
-          @queue.size
-        end
-        alias_method :size, :length
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_peek
-        def peek
-          @queue.peek
-        end
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_pop
-        def pop
-          @queue.poll
-        end
-        alias_method :deq, :pop
-        alias_method :shift, :pop
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_push
-        def push(item)
-          raise ArgumentError.new('cannot enqueue nil') if item.nil?
-          @queue.add(item)
-        end
-        alias_method :<<, :push
-        alias_method :enq, :push
-
-        # @!macro priority_queue_method_from_list
-        def self.from_list(list, opts = {})
-          queue = new(opts)
-          list.each{|item| queue << item }
-          queue
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/bundle/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.0.5/lib/concurrent/collection/map/atomic_reference_map_backend.rb

@@ -1,927 +0,0 @@
-require 'concurrent/constants'
-require 'concurrent/thread_safe/util'
-require 'concurrent/thread_safe/util/adder'
-require 'concurrent/thread_safe/util/cheap_lockable'
-require 'concurrent/thread_safe/util/power_of_two_tuple'
-require 'concurrent/thread_safe/util/volatile'
-require 'concurrent/thread_safe/util/xor_shift_random'
-
-module Concurrent
-
-  # @!visibility private
-  module Collection
-
-    # A Ruby port of the Doug Lea's jsr166e.ConcurrentHashMapV8 class version 1.59
-    # available in public domain.
-    #
-    # Original source code available here:
-    # http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/jsr166/src/jsr166e/ConcurrentHashMapV8.java?revision=1.59
-    #
-    # The Ruby port skips out the +TreeBin+ (red-black trees for use in bins whose
-    # size exceeds a threshold).
-    #
-    # A hash table supporting full concurrency of retrievals and high expected
-    # concurrency for updates. However, even though all operations are
-    # thread-safe, retrieval operations do _not_ entail locking, and there is
-    # _not_ any support for locking the entire table in a way that prevents all
-    # access.
-    #
-    # Retrieval operations generally do not block, so may overlap with update
-    # operations. Retrievals reflect the results of the most recently _completed_
-    # update operations holding upon their onset. (More formally, an update
-    # operation for a given key bears a _happens-before_ relation with any (non
-    # +nil+) retrieval for that key reporting the updated value.) For aggregate
-    # operations such as +clear()+, concurrent retrievals may reflect insertion or
-    # removal of only some entries. Similarly, the +each_pair+ iterator yields
-    # elements reflecting the state of the hash table at some point at or since
-    # the start of the +each_pair+. Bear in mind that the results of aggregate
-    # status methods including +size()+ and +empty?+} are typically useful only
-    # when a map is not undergoing concurrent updates in other threads. Otherwise
-    # the results of these methods reflect transient states that may be adequate
-    # for monitoring or estimation purposes, but not for program control.
-    #
-    # The table is dynamically expanded when there are too many collisions (i.e.,
-    # keys that have distinct hash codes but fall into the same slot modulo the
-    # table size), with the expected average effect of maintaining roughly two
-    # bins per mapping (corresponding to a 0.75 load factor threshold for
-    # resizing). There may be much variance around this average as mappings are
-    # added and removed, but overall, this maintains a commonly accepted
-    # time/space tradeoff for hash tables. However, resizing this or any other
-    # kind of hash table may be a relatively slow operation. When possible, it is
-    # a good idea to provide a size estimate as an optional :initial_capacity
-    # initializer argument. An additional optional :load_factor constructor
-    # argument provides a further means of customizing initial table capacity by
-    # specifying the table density to be used in calculating the amount of space
-    # to allocate for the given number of elements. Note that using many keys with
-    # exactly the same +hash+ is a sure way to slow down performance of any hash
-    # table.
-    #
-    # ## Design overview
-    #
-    # The primary design goal of this hash table is to maintain concurrent
-    # readability (typically method +[]+, but also iteration and related methods)
-    # while minimizing update contention. Secondary goals are to keep space
-    # consumption about the same or better than plain +Hash+, and to support high
-    # initial insertion rates on an empty table by many threads.
-    #
-    # Each key-value mapping is held in a +Node+. The validation-based approach
-    # explained below leads to a lot of code sprawl because retry-control
-    # precludes factoring into smaller methods.
-    #
-    # The table is lazily initialized to a power-of-two size upon the first
-    # insertion. Each bin in the table normally contains a list of +Node+s (most
-    # often, the list has only zero or one +Node+). Table accesses require
-    # volatile/atomic reads, writes, and CASes. The lists of nodes within bins are
-    # always accurately traversable under volatile reads, so long as lookups check
-    # hash code and non-nullness of value before checking key equality.
-    #
-    # We use the top two bits of +Node+ hash fields for control purposes -- they
-    # are available anyway because of addressing constraints. As explained further
-    # below, these top bits are used as follows:
-    #
-    #   - 00 - Normal
-    #   - 01 - Locked
-    #   - 11 - Locked and may have a thread waiting for lock
-    #   - 10 - +Node+ is a forwarding node
-    #
-    # The lower 28 bits of each +Node+'s hash field contain a the key's hash code,
-    # except for forwarding nodes, for which the lower bits are zero (and so
-    # always have hash field == +MOVED+).
-    #
-    # Insertion (via +[]=+ or its variants) of the first node in an empty bin is
-    # performed by just CASing it to the bin. This is by far the most common case
-    # for put operations under most key/hash distributions. Other update
-    # operations (insert, delete, and replace) require locks. We do not want to
-    # waste the space required to associate a distinct lock object with each bin,
-    # so instead use the first node of a bin list itself as a lock. Blocking
-    # support for these locks relies +Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::CheapLockable. However, we also need a
-    # +try_lock+ construction, so we overlay these by using bits of the +Node+
-    # hash field for lock control (see above), and so normally use builtin
-    # monitors only for blocking and signalling using
-    # +cheap_wait+/+cheap_broadcast+ constructions. See +Node#try_await_lock+.
-    #
-    # Using the first node of a list as a lock does not by itself suffice though:
-    # When a node is locked, any update must first validate that it is still the
-    # first node after locking it, and retry if not. Because new nodes are always
-    # appended to lists, once a node is first in a bin, it remains first until
-    # deleted or the bin becomes invalidated (upon resizing). However, operations
-    # that only conditionally update may inspect nodes until the point of update.
-    # This is a converse of sorts to the lazy locking technique described by
-    # Herlihy & Shavit.
-    #
-    # The main disadvantage of per-bin locks is that other update operations on
-    # other nodes in a bin list protected by the same lock can stall, for example
-    # when user +eql?+ or mapping functions take a long time. However,
-    # statistically, under random hash codes, this is not a common problem.
-    # Ideally, the frequency of nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution
-    # (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a parameter of
-    # about 0.5 on average, given the resizing threshold of 0.75, although with a
-    # large variance because of resizing granularity. Ignoring variance, the
-    # expected occurrences of list size k are (exp(-0.5) * pow(0.5, k) /
-    # factorial(k)). The first values are:
-    #
-    #   - 0:    0.60653066
-    #   - 1:    0.30326533
-    #   - 2:    0.07581633
-    #   - 3:    0.01263606
-    #   - 4:    0.00157952
-    #   - 5:    0.00015795
-    #   - 6:    0.00001316
-    #   - 7:    0.00000094
-    #   - 8:    0.00000006
-    #   - more: less than 1 in ten million
-    #
-    # Lock contention probability for two threads accessing distinct elements is
-    # roughly 1 / (8 * #elements) under random hashes.
-    #
-    # The table is resized when occupancy exceeds a percentage threshold
-    # (nominally, 0.75, but see below). Only a single thread performs the resize
-    # (using field +size_control+, to arrange exclusion), but the table otherwise
-    # remains usable for reads and updates. Resizing proceeds by transferring
-    # bins, one by one, from the table to the next table. Because we are using
-    # power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin must either stay at same
-    # index, or move with a power of two offset. We eliminate unnecessary node
-    # creation by catching cases where old nodes can be reused because their next
-    # fields won't change. On average, only about one-sixth of them need cloning
-    # when a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be garbage collectable as
-    # soon as they are no longer referenced by any reader thread that may be in
-    # the midst of concurrently traversing table. Upon transfer, the old table bin
-    # contains only a special forwarding node (with hash field +MOVED+) that
-    # contains the next table as its key. On encountering a forwarding node,
-    # access and update operations restart, using the new table.
-    #
-    # Each bin transfer requires its bin lock. However, unlike other cases, a
-    # transfer can skip a bin if it fails to acquire its lock, and revisit it
-    # later. Method +rebuild+ maintains a buffer of TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE bins that
-    # have been skipped because of failure to acquire a lock, and blocks only if
-    # none are available (i.e., only very rarely). The transfer operation must
-    # also ensure that all accessible bins in both the old and new table are
-    # usable by any traversal. When there are no lock acquisition failures, this
-    # is arranged simply by proceeding from the last bin (+table.size - 1+) up
-    # towards the first. Upon seeing a forwarding node, traversals arrange to move
-    # to the new table without revisiting nodes. However, when any node is skipped
-    # during a transfer, all earlier table bins may have become visible, so are
-    # initialized with a reverse-forwarding node back to the old table until the
-    # new ones are established. (This sometimes requires transiently locking a
-    # forwarding node, which is possible under the above encoding.) These more
-    # expensive mechanics trigger only when necessary.
-    #
-    # The traversal scheme also applies to partial traversals of
-    # ranges of bins (via an alternate Traverser constructor)
-    # to support partitioned aggregate operations.  Also, read-only
-    # operations give up if ever forwarded to a null table, which
-    # provides support for shutdown-style clearing, which is also not
-    # currently implemented.
-    #
-    # Lazy table initialization minimizes footprint until first use.
-    #
-    # The element count is maintained using a +Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::Adder+,
-    # which avoids contention on updates but can encounter cache thrashing
-    # if read too frequently during concurrent access. To avoid reading so
-    # often, resizing is attempted either when a bin lock is
-    # contended, or upon adding to a bin already holding two or more
-    # nodes (checked before adding in the +x_if_absent+ methods, after
-    # adding in others). Under uniform hash distributions, the
-    # probability of this occurring at threshold is around 13%,
-    # meaning that only about 1 in 8 puts check threshold (and after
-    # resizing, many fewer do so). But this approximation has high
-    # variance for small table sizes, so we check on any collision
-    # for sizes <= 64. The bulk putAll operation further reduces
-    # contention by only committing count updates upon these size
-    # checks.
-    #
-    # @!visibility private
-    class AtomicReferenceMapBackend
-
-      # @!visibility private
-      class Table < Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::PowerOfTwoTuple
-        def cas_new_node(i, hash, key, value)
-          cas(i, nil, Node.new(hash, key, value))
-        end
-
-        def try_to_cas_in_computed(i, hash, key)
-          succeeded = false
-          new_value = nil
-          new_node  = Node.new(locked_hash = hash | LOCKED, key, NULL)
-          if cas(i, nil, new_node)
-            begin
-              if NULL == (new_value = yield(NULL))
-                was_null = true
-              else
-                new_node.value = new_value
-              end
-              succeeded = true
-            ensure
-              volatile_set(i, nil) if !succeeded || was_null
-              new_node.unlock_via_hash(locked_hash, hash)
-            end
-          end
-          return succeeded, new_value
-        end
-
-        def try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash)
-          node.try_lock_via_hash(node_hash) do
-            yield if volatile_get(i) == node
-          end
-        end
-
-        def delete_node_at(i, node, predecessor_node)
-          if predecessor_node
-            predecessor_node.next = node.next
-          else
-            volatile_set(i, node.next)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Key-value entry. Nodes with a hash field of +MOVED+ are special, and do
-      # not contain user keys or values. Otherwise, keys are never +nil+, and
-      # +NULL+ +value+ fields indicate that a node is in the process of being
-      # deleted or created. For purposes of read-only access, a key may be read
-      # before a value, but can only be used after checking value to be +!= NULL+.
-      #
-      # @!visibility private
-      class Node
-        extend Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::Volatile
-        attr_volatile :hash, :value, :next
-
-        include Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::CheapLockable
-
-        bit_shift = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::FIXNUM_BIT_SIZE - 2 # need 2 bits for ourselves
-        # Encodings for special uses of Node hash fields. See above for explanation.
-        MOVED     = ('10' << ('0' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # hash field for forwarding nodes
-        LOCKED    = ('01' << ('0' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # set/tested only as a bit
-        WAITING   = ('11' << ('0' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # both bits set/tested together
-        HASH_BITS = ('00' << ('1' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # usable bits of normal node hash
-
-        SPIN_LOCK_ATTEMPTS = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::CPU_COUNT > 1 ? Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::CPU_COUNT * 2 : 0
-
-        attr_reader :key
-
-        def initialize(hash, key, value, next_node = nil)
-          super()
-          @key = key
-          self.lazy_set_hash(hash)
-          self.lazy_set_value(value)
-          self.next = next_node
-        end
-
-        # Spins a while if +LOCKED+ bit set and this node is the first of its bin,
-        # and then sets +WAITING+ bits on hash field and blocks (once) if they are
-        # still set. It is OK for this method to return even if lock is not
-        # available upon exit, which enables these simple single-wait mechanics.
-        #
-        # The corresponding signalling operation is performed within callers: Upon
-        # detecting that +WAITING+ has been set when unlocking lock (via a failed
-        # CAS from non-waiting +LOCKED+ state), unlockers acquire the
-        # +cheap_synchronize+ lock and perform a +cheap_broadcast+.
-        def try_await_lock(table, i)
-          if table && i >= 0 && i < table.size # bounds check, TODO: why are we bounds checking?
-            spins = SPIN_LOCK_ATTEMPTS
-            randomizer = base_randomizer = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::XorShiftRandom.get
-            while equal?(table.volatile_get(i)) && self.class.locked_hash?(my_hash = hash)
-              if spins >= 0
-                if (randomizer = (randomizer >> 1)).even? # spin at random
-                  if (spins -= 1) == 0
-                    Thread.pass # yield before blocking
-                  else
-                    randomizer = base_randomizer = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::XorShiftRandom.xorshift(base_randomizer) if randomizer.zero?
-                  end
-                end
-              elsif cas_hash(my_hash, my_hash | WAITING)
-                force_aquire_lock(table, i)
-                break
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def key?(key)
-          @key.eql?(key)
-        end
-
-        def matches?(key, hash)
-          pure_hash == hash && key?(key)
-        end
-
-        def pure_hash
-          hash & HASH_BITS
-        end
-
-        def try_lock_via_hash(node_hash = hash)
-          if cas_hash(node_hash, locked_hash = node_hash | LOCKED)
-            begin
-              yield
-            ensure
-              unlock_via_hash(locked_hash, node_hash)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def locked?
-          self.class.locked_hash?(hash)
-        end
-
-        def unlock_via_hash(locked_hash, node_hash)
-          unless cas_hash(locked_hash, node_hash)
-            self.hash = node_hash
-            cheap_synchronize { cheap_broadcast }
-          end
-        end
-
-        private
-        def force_aquire_lock(table, i)
-          cheap_synchronize do
-            if equal?(table.volatile_get(i)) && (hash & WAITING) == WAITING
-              cheap_wait
-            else
-              cheap_broadcast # possibly won race vs signaller
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        class << self
-          def locked_hash?(hash)
-            (hash & LOCKED) != 0
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # shorthands
-      MOVED     = Node::MOVED
-      LOCKED    = Node::LOCKED
-      WAITING   = Node::WAITING
-      HASH_BITS = Node::HASH_BITS
-
-      NOW_RESIZING     = -1
-      DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16
-      MAX_CAPACITY     = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::MAX_INT
-
-      # The buffer size for skipped bins during transfers. The
-      # value is arbitrary but should be large enough to avoid
-      # most locking stalls during resizes.
-      TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE = 32
-
-      extend Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::Volatile
-      attr_volatile :table, # The array of bins. Lazily initialized upon first insertion. Size is always a power of two.
-
-        # Table initialization and resizing control.  When negative, the
-        # table is being initialized or resized. Otherwise, when table is
-        # null, holds the initial table size to use upon creation, or 0
-        # for default. After initialization, holds the next element count
-        # value upon which to resize the table.
-        :size_control
-
-      def initialize(options = nil)
-        super()
-        @counter = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::Adder.new
-        initial_capacity  = options && options[:initial_capacity] || DEFAULT_CAPACITY
-        self.size_control = (capacity = table_size_for(initial_capacity)) > MAX_CAPACITY ? MAX_CAPACITY : capacity
-      end
-
-      def get_or_default(key, else_value = nil)
-        hash          = key_hash(key)
-        current_table = table
-        while current_table
-          node = current_table.volatile_get_by_hash(hash)
-          current_table =
-            while node
-              if (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-                break node.key
-              elsif (node_hash & HASH_BITS) == hash && node.key?(key) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-                return value
-              end
-              node = node.next
-            end
-        end
-        else_value
-      end
-
-      def [](key)
-        get_or_default(key)
-      end
-
-      def key?(key)
-        get_or_default(key, NULL) != NULL
-      end
-
-      def []=(key, value)
-        get_and_set(key, value)
-        value
-      end
-
-      def compute_if_absent(key)
-        hash          = key_hash(key)
-        current_table = table || initialize_table
-        while true
-          if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-            succeeded, new_value = current_table.try_to_cas_in_computed(i, hash, key) { yield }
-            if succeeded
-              increment_size
-              return new_value
-            end
-          elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-            current_table = node.key
-          elsif NULL != (current_value = find_value_in_node_list(node, key, hash, node_hash & HASH_BITS))
-            return current_value
-          elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-            try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-          else
-            succeeded, value = attempt_internal_compute_if_absent(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash) { yield }
-            return value if succeeded
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def compute_if_present(key)
-        new_value = nil
-        internal_replace(key) do |old_value|
-          if (new_value = yield(NULL == old_value ? nil : old_value)).nil?
-            NULL
-          else
-            new_value
-          end
-        end
-        new_value
-      end
-
-      def compute(key)
-        internal_compute(key) do |old_value|
-          if (new_value = yield(NULL == old_value ? nil : old_value)).nil?
-            NULL
-          else
-            new_value
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def merge_pair(key, value)
-        internal_compute(key) do |old_value|
-          if NULL == old_value || !(value = yield(old_value)).nil?
-            value
-          else
-            NULL
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def replace_pair(key, old_value, new_value)
-        NULL != internal_replace(key, old_value) { new_value }
-      end
-
-      def replace_if_exists(key, new_value)
-        if (result = internal_replace(key) { new_value }) && NULL != result
-          result
-        end
-      end
-
-      def get_and_set(key, value) # internalPut in the original CHMV8
-        hash          = key_hash(key)
-        current_table = table || initialize_table
-        while true
-          if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-            if current_table.cas_new_node(i, hash, key, value)
-              increment_size
-              break
-            end
-          elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-            current_table = node.key
-          elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-            try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-          else
-            succeeded, old_value = attempt_get_and_set(key, value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-            break old_value if succeeded
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def delete(key)
-        replace_if_exists(key, NULL)
-      end
-
-      def delete_pair(key, value)
-        result = internal_replace(key, value) { NULL }
-        if result && NULL != result
-          !!result
-        else
-          false
-        end
-      end
-
-      def each_pair
-        return self unless current_table = table
-        current_table_size = base_size = current_table.size
-        i = base_index = 0
-        while base_index < base_size
-          if node = current_table.volatile_get(i)
-            if node.hash == MOVED
-              current_table      = node.key
-              current_table_size = current_table.size
-            else
-              begin
-                if NULL != (value = node.value) # skip deleted or special nodes
-                  yield node.key, value
-                end
-              end while node = node.next
-            end
-          end
-
-          if (i_with_base = i + base_size) < current_table_size
-            i = i_with_base # visit upper slots if present
-          else
-            i = base_index += 1
-          end
-        end
-        self
-      end
-
-      def size
-        (sum = @counter.sum) < 0 ? 0 : sum # ignore transient negative values
-      end
-
-      def empty?
-        size == 0
-      end
-
-      # Implementation for clear. Steps through each bin, removing all nodes.
-      def clear
-        return self unless current_table = table
-        current_table_size = current_table.size
-        deleted_count = i = 0
-        while i < current_table_size
-          if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i))
-            i += 1
-          elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-            current_table      = node.key
-            current_table_size = current_table.size
-          elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-            decrement_size(deleted_count) # opportunistically update count
-            deleted_count = 0
-            node.try_await_lock(current_table, i)
-          else
-            current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-              begin
-                deleted_count += 1 if NULL != node.value # recheck under lock
-                node.value = nil
-              end while node = node.next
-              current_table.volatile_set(i, nil)
-              i += 1
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        decrement_size(deleted_count)
-        self
-      end
-
-      private
-      # Internal versions of the insertion methods, each a
-      # little more complicated than the last. All have
-      # the same basic structure:
-      #  1. If table uninitialized, create
-      #  2. If bin empty, try to CAS new node
-      #  3. If bin stale, use new table
-      #  4. Lock and validate; if valid, scan and add or update
-      #
-      # The others interweave other checks and/or alternative actions:
-      #  * Plain +get_and_set+ checks for and performs resize after insertion.
-      #  * compute_if_absent prescans for mapping without lock (and fails to add
-      #    if present), which also makes pre-emptive resize checks worthwhile.
-      #
-      # Someday when details settle down a bit more, it might be worth
-      # some factoring to reduce sprawl.
-      def internal_replace(key, expected_old_value = NULL, &block)
-        hash          = key_hash(key)
-        current_table = table
-        while current_table
-          if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-            break
-          elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-            current_table = node.key
-          elsif (node_hash & HASH_BITS) != hash && !node.next # precheck
-            break # rules out possible existence
-          elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-            try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-          else
-            succeeded, old_value = attempt_internal_replace(key, expected_old_value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash, &block)
-            return old_value if succeeded
-          end
-        end
-        NULL
-      end
-
-      def attempt_internal_replace(key, expected_old_value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-        current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-          predecessor_node = nil
-          old_value        = NULL
-          begin
-            if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (current_value = node.value)
-              if NULL == expected_old_value || expected_old_value == current_value # NULL == expected_old_value means whatever value
-                old_value = current_value
-                if NULL == (node.value = yield(old_value))
-                  current_table.delete_node_at(i, node, predecessor_node)
-                  decrement_size
-                end
-              end
-              break
-            end
-
-            predecessor_node = node
-          end while node = node.next
-
-          return true, old_value
-        end
-      end
-
-      def find_value_in_node_list(node, key, hash, pure_hash)
-        do_check_for_resize = false
-        while true
-          if pure_hash == hash && node.key?(key) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-            return value
-          elsif node = node.next
-            do_check_for_resize = true # at least 2 nodes -> check for resize
-            pure_hash = node.pure_hash
-          else
-            return NULL
-          end
-        end
-      ensure
-        check_for_resize if do_check_for_resize
-      end
-
-      def internal_compute(key, &block)
-        hash          = key_hash(key)
-        current_table = table || initialize_table
-        while true
-          if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-            succeeded, new_value = current_table.try_to_cas_in_computed(i, hash, key, &block)
-            if succeeded
-              if NULL == new_value
-                break nil
-              else
-                increment_size
-                break new_value
-              end
-            end
-          elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-            current_table = node.key
-          elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-            try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-          else
-            succeeded, new_value = attempt_compute(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash, &block)
-            break new_value if succeeded
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def attempt_internal_compute_if_absent(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-        added = false
-        current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-          while true
-            if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-              return true, value
-            end
-            last = node
-            unless node = node.next
-              last.next = Node.new(hash, key, value = yield)
-              added = true
-              increment_size
-              return true, value
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      ensure
-        check_for_resize if added
-      end
-
-      def attempt_compute(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-        added = false
-        current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-          predecessor_node = nil
-          while true
-            if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-              if NULL == (node.value = value = yield(value))
-                current_table.delete_node_at(i, node, predecessor_node)
-                decrement_size
-                value = nil
-              end
-              return true, value
-            end
-            predecessor_node = node
-            unless node = node.next
-              if NULL == (value = yield(NULL))
-                value = nil
-              else
-                predecessor_node.next = Node.new(hash, key, value)
-                added = true
-                increment_size
-              end
-              return true, value
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      ensure
-        check_for_resize if added
-      end
-
-      def attempt_get_and_set(key, value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-        node_nesting = nil
-        current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-          node_nesting    = 1
-          old_value       = nil
-          found_old_value = false
-          while node
-            if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (old_value = node.value)
-              found_old_value = true
-              node.value = value
-              break
-            end
-            last = node
-            unless node = node.next
-              last.next = Node.new(hash, key, value)
-              break
-            end
-            node_nesting += 1
-          end
-
-          return true, old_value if found_old_value
-          increment_size
-          true
-        end
-      ensure
-        check_for_resize if node_nesting && (node_nesting > 1 || current_table.size <= 64)
-      end
-
-      def initialize_copy(other)
-        super
-        @counter = Concurrent::ThreadSafe::Util::Adder.new
-        self.table = nil
-        self.size_control = (other_table = other.table) ? other_table.size : DEFAULT_CAPACITY
-        self
-      end
-
-      def try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-        check_for_resize # try resizing if can't get lock
-        node.try_await_lock(current_table, i)
-      end
-
-      def key_hash(key)
-        key.hash & HASH_BITS
-      end
-
-      # Returns a power of two table size for the given desired capacity.
-      def table_size_for(entry_count)
-        size = 2
-        size <<= 1 while size < entry_count
-        size
-      end
-
-      # Initializes table, using the size recorded in +size_control+.
-      def initialize_table
-        until current_table ||= table
-          if (size_ctrl = size_control) == NOW_RESIZING
-            Thread.pass # lost initialization race; just spin
-          else
-            try_in_resize_lock(current_table, size_ctrl) do
-              initial_size = size_ctrl > 0 ? size_ctrl : DEFAULT_CAPACITY
-              current_table = self.table = Table.new(initial_size)
-              initial_size - (initial_size >> 2) # 75% load factor
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        current_table
-      end
-
-      # If table is too small and not already resizing, creates next table and
-      # transfers bins. Rechecks occupancy after a transfer to see if another
-      # resize is already needed because resizings are lagging additions.
-      def check_for_resize
-        while (current_table = table) && MAX_CAPACITY > (table_size = current_table.size) && NOW_RESIZING != (size_ctrl = size_control) && size_ctrl < @counter.sum
-          try_in_resize_lock(current_table, size_ctrl) do
-            self.table = rebuild(current_table)
-            (table_size << 1) - (table_size >> 1) # 75% load factor
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def try_in_resize_lock(current_table, size_ctrl)
-        if cas_size_control(size_ctrl, NOW_RESIZING)
-          begin
-            if current_table == table # recheck under lock
-              size_ctrl = yield # get new size_control
-            end
-          ensure
-            self.size_control = size_ctrl
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Moves and/or copies the nodes in each bin to new table. See above for explanation.
-      def rebuild(table)
-        old_table_size = table.size
-        new_table      = table.next_in_size_table
-        # puts "#{old_table_size} -> #{new_table.size}"
-        forwarder      = Node.new(MOVED, new_table, NULL)
-        rev_forwarder  = nil
-        locked_indexes = nil # holds bins to revisit; nil until needed
-        locked_arr_idx = 0
-        bin            = old_table_size - 1
-        i              = bin
-        while true
-          if !(node = table.volatile_get(i))
-            # no lock needed (or available) if bin >= 0, because we're not popping values from locked_indexes until we've run through the whole table
-            redo unless (bin >= 0 ? table.cas(i, nil, forwarder) : lock_and_clean_up_reverse_forwarders(table, old_table_size, new_table, i, forwarder))
-          elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash = node.hash)
-            locked_indexes ||= Array.new
-            if bin < 0 && locked_arr_idx > 0
-              locked_arr_idx -= 1
-              i, locked_indexes[locked_arr_idx] = locked_indexes[locked_arr_idx], i # swap with another bin
-              redo
-            end
-            if bin < 0 || locked_indexes.size >= TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE
-              node.try_await_lock(table, i) # no other options -- block
-              redo
-            end
-            rev_forwarder ||= Node.new(MOVED, table, NULL)
-            redo unless table.volatile_get(i) == node && node.locked? # recheck before adding to list
-            locked_indexes << i
-            new_table.volatile_set(i, rev_forwarder)
-            new_table.volatile_set(i + old_table_size, rev_forwarder)
-          else
-            redo unless split_old_bin(table, new_table, i, node, node_hash, forwarder)
-          end
-
-          if bin > 0
-            i = (bin -= 1)
-          elsif locked_indexes && !locked_indexes.empty?
-            bin = -1
-            i = locked_indexes.pop
-            locked_arr_idx = locked_indexes.size - 1
-          else
-            return new_table
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def lock_and_clean_up_reverse_forwarders(old_table, old_table_size, new_table, i, forwarder)
-        # transiently use a locked forwarding node
-        locked_forwarder = Node.new(moved_locked_hash = MOVED | LOCKED, new_table, NULL)
-        if old_table.cas(i, nil, locked_forwarder)
-          new_table.volatile_set(i, nil) # kill the potential reverse forwarders
-          new_table.volatile_set(i + old_table_size, nil) # kill the potential reverse forwarders
-          old_table.volatile_set(i, forwarder)
-          locked_forwarder.unlock_via_hash(moved_locked_hash, MOVED)
-          true
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Splits a normal bin with list headed by e into lo and hi parts; installs in given table.
-      def split_old_bin(table, new_table, i, node, node_hash, forwarder)
-        table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-          split_bin(new_table, i, node, node_hash)
-          table.volatile_set(i, forwarder)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def split_bin(new_table, i, node, node_hash)
-        bit          = new_table.size >> 1 # bit to split on
-        run_bit      = node_hash & bit
-        last_run     = nil
-        low          = nil
-        high         = nil
-        current_node = node
-        # this optimises for the lowest amount of volatile writes and objects created
-        while current_node = current_node.next
-          unless (b = current_node.hash & bit) == run_bit
-            run_bit  = b
-            last_run = current_node
-          end
-        end
-        if run_bit == 0
-          low = last_run
-        else
-          high = last_run
-        end
-        current_node = node
-        until current_node == last_run
-          pure_hash = current_node.pure_hash
-          if (pure_hash & bit) == 0
-            low = Node.new(pure_hash, current_node.key, current_node.value, low)
-          else
-            high = Node.new(pure_hash, current_node.key, current_node.value, high)
-          end
-          current_node = current_node.next
-        end
-        new_table.volatile_set(i, low)
-        new_table.volatile_set(i + bit, high)
-      end
-
-      def increment_size
-        @counter.increment
-      end
-
-      def decrement_size(by = 1)
-        @counter.add(-by)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end