lazy_record 0.2.1 → 0.2.2

data/vendor/bundle/gems/thread_safe-0.3.6/ext/org/jruby/ext/thread_safe/jsr166y/ThreadLocalRandom.java

@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
- * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
- * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
- */
-
-// This is based on 1.16 version
-
-package org.jruby.ext.thread_safe.jsr166y;
-
-import java.util.Random;
-
-/**
- * A random number generator isolated to the current thread.  Like the
- * global {@link java.util.Random} generator used by the {@link
- * java.lang.Math} class, a {@code ThreadLocalRandom} is initialized
- * with an internally generated seed that may not otherwise be
- * modified. When applicable, use of {@code ThreadLocalRandom} rather
- * than shared {@code Random} objects in concurrent programs will
- * typically encounter much less overhead and contention.  Use of
- * {@code ThreadLocalRandom} is particularly appropriate when multiple
- * tasks (for example, each a {@link ForkJoinTask}) use random numbers
- * in parallel in thread pools.
- *
- * <p>Usages of this class should typically be of the form:
- * {@code ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextX(...)} (where
- * {@code X} is {@code Int}, {@code Long}, etc).
- * When all usages are of this form, it is never possible to
- * accidently share a {@code ThreadLocalRandom} across multiple threads.
- *
- * <p>This class also provides additional commonly used bounded random
- * generation methods.
- *
- * @since 1.7
- * @author Doug Lea
- */
-public class ThreadLocalRandom extends Random {
-    // same constants as Random, but must be redeclared because private
-    private static final long multiplier = 0x5DEECE66DL;
-    private static final long addend = 0xBL;
-    private static final long mask = (1L << 48) - 1;
-
-    /**
-     * The random seed. We can't use super.seed.
-     */
-    private long rnd;
-
-    /**
-     * Initialization flag to permit calls to setSeed to succeed only
-     * while executing the Random constructor.  We can't allow others
-     * since it would cause setting seed in one part of a program to
-     * unintentionally impact other usages by the thread.
-     */
-    boolean initialized;
-
-    // Padding to help avoid memory contention among seed updates in
-    // different TLRs in the common case that they are located near
-    // each other.
-    private long pad0, pad1, pad2, pad3, pad4, pad5, pad6, pad7;
-
-    /**
-     * The actual ThreadLocal
-     */
-    private static final ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalRandom> localRandom =
-        new ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalRandom>() {
-            protected ThreadLocalRandom initialValue() {
-                return new ThreadLocalRandom();
-            }
-    };
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructor called only by localRandom.initialValue.
-     */
-    ThreadLocalRandom() {
-        super();
-        initialized = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the current thread's {@code ThreadLocalRandom}.
-     *
-     * @return the current thread's {@code ThreadLocalRandom}
-     */
-    public static ThreadLocalRandom current() {
-        return localRandom.get();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Throws {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.  Setting seeds in
-     * this generator is not supported.
-     *
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
-     */
-    public void setSeed(long seed) {
-        if (initialized)
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        rnd = (seed ^ multiplier) & mask;
-    }
-
-    protected int next(int bits) {
-        rnd = (rnd * multiplier + addend) & mask;
-        return (int) (rnd >>> (48-bits));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the
-     * given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
-     *
-     * @param least the least value returned
-     * @param bound the upper bound (exclusive)
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if least greater than or equal
-     * to bound
-     * @return the next value
-     */
-    public int nextInt(int least, int bound) {
-        if (least >= bound)
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-        return nextInt(bound - least) + least;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value
-     * between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive).
-     *
-     * @param n the bound on the random number to be returned.  Must be
-     *        positive.
-     * @return the next value
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if n is not positive
-     */
-    public long nextLong(long n) {
-        if (n <= 0)
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("n must be positive");
-        // Divide n by two until small enough for nextInt. On each
-        // iteration (at most 31 of them but usually much less),
-        // randomly choose both whether to include high bit in result
-        // (offset) and whether to continue with the lower vs upper
-        // half (which makes a difference only if odd).
-        long offset = 0;
-        while (n >= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
-            int bits = next(2);
-            long half = n >>> 1;
-            long nextn = ((bits & 2) == 0) ? half : n - half;
-            if ((bits & 1) == 0)
-                offset += n - nextn;
-            n = nextn;
-        }
-        return offset + nextInt((int) n);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the
-     * given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
-     *
-     * @param least the least value returned
-     * @param bound the upper bound (exclusive)
-     * @return the next value
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if least greater than or equal
-     * to bound
-     */
-    public long nextLong(long least, long bound) {
-        if (least >= bound)
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-        return nextLong(bound - least) + least;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed {@code double} value
-     * between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive).
-     *
-     * @param n the bound on the random number to be returned.  Must be
-     *        positive.
-     * @return the next value
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if n is not positive
-     */
-    public double nextDouble(double n) {
-        if (n <= 0)
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("n must be positive");
-        return nextDouble() * n;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the
-     * given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
-     *
-     * @param least the least value returned
-     * @param bound the upper bound (exclusive)
-     * @return the next value
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if least greater than or equal
-     * to bound
-     */
-    public double nextDouble(double least, double bound) {
-        if (least >= bound)
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-        return nextDouble() * (bound - least) + least;
-    }
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5851777807851030925L;
-}

data/vendor/bundle/gems/thread_safe-0.3.6/ext/thread_safe/JrubyCacheBackendService.java

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package thread_safe;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.jruby.Ruby;
-import org.jruby.ext.thread_safe.JRubyCacheBackendLibrary;
-import org.jruby.runtime.load.BasicLibraryService;
-
-// can't name this JRubyCacheBackendService or else JRuby doesn't pick this up
-public class JrubyCacheBackendService implements BasicLibraryService {
-    public boolean basicLoad(final Ruby runtime) throws IOException {
-        new JRubyCacheBackendLibrary().load(runtime, false);
-        return true;
-    }
-}

data/vendor/bundle/gems/thread_safe-0.3.6/lib/thread_safe.rb

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-require 'thread_safe/version'
-require 'thread_safe/synchronized_delegator'
-
-module ThreadSafe
-  autoload :Cache, 'thread_safe/cache'
-  autoload :Util,  'thread_safe/util'
-
-  # Various classes within allows for +nil+ values to be stored, so a special +NULL+ token is required to indicate the "nil-ness".
-  NULL = Object.new
-
-  if defined?(JRUBY_VERSION)
-    require 'jruby/synchronized'
-
-    # A thread-safe subclass of Array. This version locks
-    # against the object itself for every method call,
-    # ensuring only one thread can be reading or writing
-    # at a time. This includes iteration methods like
-    # #each.
-    class Array < ::Array
-      include JRuby::Synchronized
-    end
-
-    # A thread-safe subclass of Hash. This version locks
-    # against the object itself for every method call,
-    # ensuring only one thread can be reading or writing
-    # at a time. This includes iteration methods like
-    # #each.
-    class Hash < ::Hash
-      include JRuby::Synchronized
-    end
-  elsif !defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) || RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby'
-    # Because MRI never runs code in parallel, the existing
-    # non-thread-safe structures should usually work fine.
-    Array = ::Array
-    Hash  = ::Hash
-  elsif defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) && RUBY_ENGINE == 'rbx'
-    require 'monitor'
-
-    class Hash < ::Hash; end
-    class Array < ::Array; end
-
-    [Hash, Array].each do |klass|
-      klass.class_eval do
-        private
-        def _mon_initialize
-          @_monitor = Monitor.new unless @_monitor # avoid double initialisation
-        end
-
-        def self.allocate
-          obj = super
-          obj.send(:_mon_initialize)
-          obj
-        end
-      end
-
-      klass.superclass.instance_methods(false).each do |method|
-        klass.class_eval <<-RUBY_EVAL, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-          def #{method}(*args)
-            @_monitor.synchronize { super }
-          end
-        RUBY_EVAL
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/bundle/gems/thread_safe-0.3.6/lib/thread_safe/atomic_reference_cache_backend.rb

@@ -1,908 +0,0 @@
-module ThreadSafe
-  # A Ruby port of the Doug Lea's jsr166e.ConcurrentHashMapV8 class version 1.59
-  # available in public domain.
-  #
-  # Original source code available here:
-  # http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/jsr166/src/jsr166e/ConcurrentHashMapV8.java?revision=1.59
-  #
-  # The Ruby port skips out the +TreeBin+ (red-black trees for use in bins whose
-  # size exceeds a threshold).
-  #
-  # A hash table supporting full concurrency of retrievals and high expected
-  # concurrency for updates. However, even though all operations are
-  # thread-safe, retrieval operations do _not_ entail locking, and there is
-  # _not_ any support for locking the entire table in a way that prevents all
-  # access.
-  #
-  # Retrieval operations generally do not block, so may overlap with update
-  # operations. Retrievals reflect the results of the most recently _completed_
-  # update operations holding upon their onset. (More formally, an update
-  # operation for a given key bears a _happens-before_ relation with any (non
-  # +nil+) retrieval for that key reporting the updated value.) For aggregate
-  # operations such as +clear()+, concurrent retrievals may reflect insertion or
-  # removal of only some entries. Similarly, the +each_pair+ iterator yields
-  # elements reflecting the state of the hash table at some point at or since
-  # the start of the +each_pair+. Bear in mind that the results of aggregate
-  # status methods including +size()+ and +empty?+} are typically useful only
-  # when a map is not undergoing concurrent updates in other threads. Otherwise
-  # the results of these methods reflect transient states that may be adequate
-  # for monitoring or estimation purposes, but not for program control.
-  #
-  # The table is dynamically expanded when there are too many collisions (i.e.,
-  # keys that have distinct hash codes but fall into the same slot modulo the
-  # table size), with the expected average effect of maintaining roughly two
-  # bins per mapping (corresponding to a 0.75 load factor threshold for
-  # resizing). There may be much variance around this average as mappings are
-  # added and removed, but overall, this maintains a commonly accepted
-  # time/space tradeoff for hash tables. However, resizing this or any other
-  # kind of hash table may be a relatively slow operation. When possible, it is
-  # a good idea to provide a size estimate as an optional :initial_capacity
-  # initializer argument. An additional optional :load_factor constructor
-  # argument provides a further means of customizing initial table capacity by
-  # specifying the table density to be used in calculating the amount of space
-  # to allocate for the given number of elements. Note that using many keys with
-  # exactly the same +hash+ is a sure way to slow down performance of any hash
-  # table.
-  #
-  # ## Design overview
-  #
-  # The primary design goal of this hash table is to maintain concurrent
-  # readability (typically method +[]+, but also iteration and related methods)
-  # while minimizing update contention. Secondary goals are to keep space
-  # consumption about the same or better than plain +Hash+, and to support high
-  # initial insertion rates on an empty table by many threads.
-  #
-  # Each key-value mapping is held in a +Node+. The validation-based approach
-  # explained below leads to a lot of code sprawl because retry-control
-  # precludes factoring into smaller methods.
-  #
-  # The table is lazily initialized to a power-of-two size upon the first
-  # insertion. Each bin in the table normally contains a list of +Node+s (most
-  # often, the list has only zero or one +Node+). Table accesses require
-  # volatile/atomic reads, writes, and CASes. The lists of nodes within bins are
-  # always accurately traversable under volatile reads, so long as lookups check
-  # hash code and non-nullness of value before checking key equality.
-  #
-  # We use the top two bits of +Node+ hash fields for control purposes -- they
-  # are available anyway because of addressing constraints. As explained further
-  # below, these top bits are used as follows:
-  #
-  #   - 00 - Normal
-  #   - 01 - Locked
-  #   - 11 - Locked and may have a thread waiting for lock
-  #   - 10 - +Node+ is a forwarding node
-  #
-  # The lower 28 bits of each +Node+'s hash field contain a the key's hash code,
-  # except for forwarding nodes, for which the lower bits are zero (and so
-  # always have hash field == +MOVED+).
-  #
-  # Insertion (via +[]=+ or its variants) of the first node in an empty bin is
-  # performed by just CASing it to the bin. This is by far the most common case
-  # for put operations under most key/hash distributions. Other update
-  # operations (insert, delete, and replace) require locks. We do not want to
-  # waste the space required to associate a distinct lock object with each bin,
-  # so instead use the first node of a bin list itself as a lock. Blocking
-  # support for these locks relies +Util::CheapLockable. However, we also need a
-  # +try_lock+ construction, so we overlay these by using bits of the +Node+
-  # hash field for lock control (see above), and so normally use builtin
-  # monitors only for blocking and signalling using
-  # +cheap_wait+/+cheap_broadcast+ constructions. See +Node#try_await_lock+.
-  #
-  # Using the first node of a list as a lock does not by itself suffice though:
-  # When a node is locked, any update must first validate that it is still the
-  # first node after locking it, and retry if not. Because new nodes are always
-  # appended to lists, once a node is first in a bin, it remains first until
-  # deleted or the bin becomes invalidated (upon resizing). However, operations
-  # that only conditionally update may inspect nodes until the point of update.
-  # This is a converse of sorts to the lazy locking technique described by
-  # Herlihy & Shavit.
-  #
-  # The main disadvantage of per-bin locks is that other update operations on
-  # other nodes in a bin list protected by the same lock can stall, for example
-  # when user +eql?+ or mapping functions take a long time. However,
-  # statistically, under random hash codes, this is not a common problem.
-  # Ideally, the frequency of nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution
-  # (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a parameter of
-  # about 0.5 on average, given the resizing threshold of 0.75, although with a
-  # large variance because of resizing granularity. Ignoring variance, the
-  # expected occurrences of list size k are (exp(-0.5) * pow(0.5, k) /
-  # factorial(k)). The first values are:
-  #
-  #   - 0:    0.60653066
-  #   - 1:    0.30326533
-  #   - 2:    0.07581633
-  #   - 3:    0.01263606
-  #   - 4:    0.00157952
-  #   - 5:    0.00015795
-  #   - 6:    0.00001316
-  #   - 7:    0.00000094
-  #   - 8:    0.00000006
-  #   - more: less than 1 in ten million
-  #
-  # Lock contention probability for two threads accessing distinct elements is
-  # roughly 1 / (8 * #elements) under random hashes.
-  #
-  # The table is resized when occupancy exceeds a percentage threshold
-  # (nominally, 0.75, but see below). Only a single thread performs the resize
-  # (using field +size_control+, to arrange exclusion), but the table otherwise
-  # remains usable for reads and updates. Resizing proceeds by transferring
-  # bins, one by one, from the table to the next table. Because we are using
-  # power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin must either stay at same
-  # index, or move with a power of two offset. We eliminate unnecessary node
-  # creation by catching cases where old nodes can be reused because their next
-  # fields won't change. On average, only about one-sixth of them need cloning
-  # when a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be garbage collectable as
-  # soon as they are no longer referenced by any reader thread that may be in
-  # the midst of concurrently traversing table. Upon transfer, the old table bin
-  # contains only a special forwarding node (with hash field +MOVED+) that
-  # contains the next table as its key. On encountering a forwarding node,
-  # access and update operations restart, using the new table.
-  #
-  # Each bin transfer requires its bin lock. However, unlike other cases, a
-  # transfer can skip a bin if it fails to acquire its lock, and revisit it
-  # later. Method +rebuild+ maintains a buffer of TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE bins that
-  # have been skipped because of failure to acquire a lock, and blocks only if
-  # none are available (i.e., only very rarely). The transfer operation must
-  # also ensure that all accessible bins in both the old and new table are
-  # usable by any traversal. When there are no lock acquisition failures, this
-  # is arranged simply by proceeding from the last bin (+table.size - 1+) up
-  # towards the first. Upon seeing a forwarding node, traversals arrange to move
-  # to the new table without revisiting nodes. However, when any node is skipped
-  # during a transfer, all earlier table bins may have become visible, so are
-  # initialized with a reverse-forwarding node back to the old table until the
-  # new ones are established. (This sometimes requires transiently locking a
-  # forwarding node, which is possible under the above encoding.) These more
-  # expensive mechanics trigger only when necessary.
-  #
-  # The traversal scheme also applies to partial traversals of
-  # ranges of bins (via an alternate Traverser constructor)
-  # to support partitioned aggregate operations.  Also, read-only
-  # operations give up if ever forwarded to a null table, which
-  # provides support for shutdown-style clearing, which is also not
-  # currently implemented.
-  #
-  # Lazy table initialization minimizes footprint until first use.
-  #
-  # The element count is maintained using a +ThreadSafe::Util::Adder+,
-  # which avoids contention on updates but can encounter cache thrashing
-  # if read too frequently during concurrent access. To avoid reading so
-  # often, resizing is attempted either when a bin lock is
-  # contended, or upon adding to a bin already holding two or more
-  # nodes (checked before adding in the +x_if_absent+ methods, after
-  # adding in others). Under uniform hash distributions, the
-  # probability of this occurring at threshold is around 13%,
-  # meaning that only about 1 in 8 puts check threshold (and after
-  # resizing, many fewer do so). But this approximation has high
-  # variance for small table sizes, so we check on any collision
-  # for sizes <= 64. The bulk putAll operation further reduces
-  # contention by only committing count updates upon these size
-  # checks.
-  class AtomicReferenceCacheBackend
-    class Table < Util::PowerOfTwoTuple
-      def cas_new_node(i, hash, key, value)
-        cas(i, nil, Node.new(hash, key, value))
-      end
-
-      def try_to_cas_in_computed(i, hash, key)
-        succeeded = false
-        new_value = nil
-        new_node  = Node.new(locked_hash = hash | LOCKED, key, NULL)
-        if cas(i, nil, new_node)
-          begin
-            if NULL == (new_value = yield(NULL))
-              was_null = true
-            else
-              new_node.value = new_value
-            end
-            succeeded = true
-          ensure
-            volatile_set(i, nil) if !succeeded || was_null
-            new_node.unlock_via_hash(locked_hash, hash)
-          end
-        end
-        return succeeded, new_value
-      end
-
-      def try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash)
-        node.try_lock_via_hash(node_hash) do
-          yield if volatile_get(i) == node
-        end
-      end
-
-      def delete_node_at(i, node, predecessor_node)
-        if predecessor_node
-          predecessor_node.next = node.next
-        else
-          volatile_set(i, node.next)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Key-value entry. Nodes with a hash field of +MOVED+ are special, and do
-    # not contain user keys or values. Otherwise, keys are never +nil+, and
-    # +NULL+ +value+ fields indicate that a node is in the process of being
-    # deleted or created. For purposes of read-only access, a key may be read
-    # before a value, but can only be used after checking value to be +!= NULL+.
-    class Node
-      extend Util::Volatile
-      attr_volatile :hash, :value, :next
-
-      include Util::CheapLockable
-
-      bit_shift = Util::FIXNUM_BIT_SIZE - 2 # need 2 bits for ourselves
-      # Encodings for special uses of Node hash fields. See above for explanation.
-      MOVED     = ('10' << ('0' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # hash field for forwarding nodes
-      LOCKED    = ('01' << ('0' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # set/tested only as a bit
-      WAITING   = ('11' << ('0' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # both bits set/tested together
-      HASH_BITS = ('00' << ('1' * bit_shift)).to_i(2) # usable bits of normal node hash
-
-      SPIN_LOCK_ATTEMPTS = Util::CPU_COUNT > 1 ? Util::CPU_COUNT * 2 : 0
-
-      attr_reader :key
-
-      def initialize(hash, key, value, next_node = nil)
-        super()
-        @key = key
-        self.lazy_set_hash(hash)
-        self.lazy_set_value(value)
-        self.next = next_node
-      end
-
-      # Spins a while if +LOCKED+ bit set and this node is the first of its bin,
-      # and then sets +WAITING+ bits on hash field and blocks (once) if they are
-      # still set. It is OK for this method to return even if lock is not
-      # available upon exit, which enables these simple single-wait mechanics.
-      #
-      # The corresponding signalling operation is performed within callers: Upon
-      # detecting that +WAITING+ has been set when unlocking lock (via a failed
-      # CAS from non-waiting +LOCKED+ state), unlockers acquire the
-      # +cheap_synchronize+ lock and perform a +cheap_broadcast+.
-      def try_await_lock(table, i)
-        if table && i >= 0 && i < table.size # bounds check, TODO: why are we bounds checking?
-          spins = SPIN_LOCK_ATTEMPTS
-          randomizer = base_randomizer = Util::XorShiftRandom.get
-          while equal?(table.volatile_get(i)) && self.class.locked_hash?(my_hash = hash)
-            if spins >= 0
-              if (randomizer = (randomizer >> 1)).even? # spin at random
-                if (spins -= 1) == 0
-                  Thread.pass # yield before blocking
-                else
-                  randomizer = base_randomizer = Util::XorShiftRandom.xorshift(base_randomizer) if randomizer.zero?
-                end
-              end
-            elsif cas_hash(my_hash, my_hash | WAITING)
-              force_aquire_lock(table, i)
-              break
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def key?(key)
-        @key.eql?(key)
-      end
-
-      def matches?(key, hash)
-        pure_hash == hash && key?(key)
-      end
-
-      def pure_hash
-        hash & HASH_BITS
-      end
-
-      def try_lock_via_hash(node_hash = hash)
-        if cas_hash(node_hash, locked_hash = node_hash | LOCKED)
-          begin
-            yield
-          ensure
-            unlock_via_hash(locked_hash, node_hash)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def locked?
-        self.class.locked_hash?(hash)
-      end
-
-      def unlock_via_hash(locked_hash, node_hash)
-        unless cas_hash(locked_hash, node_hash)
-          self.hash = node_hash
-          cheap_synchronize { cheap_broadcast }
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-      def force_aquire_lock(table, i)
-        cheap_synchronize do
-          if equal?(table.volatile_get(i)) && (hash & WAITING) == WAITING
-            cheap_wait
-          else
-            cheap_broadcast # possibly won race vs signaller
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      class << self
-        def locked_hash?(hash)
-          (hash & LOCKED) != 0
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # shorthands
-    MOVED     = Node::MOVED
-    LOCKED    = Node::LOCKED
-    WAITING   = Node::WAITING
-    HASH_BITS = Node::HASH_BITS
-
-    NOW_RESIZING     = -1
-    DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16
-    MAX_CAPACITY     = Util::MAX_INT
-
-    # The buffer size for skipped bins during transfers. The
-    # value is arbitrary but should be large enough to avoid
-    # most locking stalls during resizes.
-    TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE = 32
-
-    extend Util::Volatile
-    attr_volatile :table, # The array of bins. Lazily initialized upon first insertion. Size is always a power of two.
-
-    # Table initialization and resizing control.  When negative, the
-    # table is being initialized or resized. Otherwise, when table is
-    # null, holds the initial table size to use upon creation, or 0
-    # for default. After initialization, holds the next element count
-    # value upon which to resize the table.
-    :size_control
-
-    def initialize(options = nil)
-      super()
-      @counter = Util::Adder.new
-      initial_capacity  = options && options[:initial_capacity] || DEFAULT_CAPACITY
-      self.size_control = (capacity = table_size_for(initial_capacity)) > MAX_CAPACITY ? MAX_CAPACITY : capacity
-    end
-
-    def get_or_default(key, else_value = nil)
-      hash          = key_hash(key)
-      current_table = table
-      while current_table
-        node = current_table.volatile_get_by_hash(hash)
-        current_table =
-          while node
-            if (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-              break node.key
-            elsif (node_hash & HASH_BITS) == hash && node.key?(key) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-              return value
-            end
-            node = node.next
-          end
-      end
-      else_value
-    end
-
-    def [](key)
-      get_or_default(key)
-    end
-
-    def key?(key)
-      get_or_default(key, NULL) != NULL
-    end
-
-    def []=(key, value)
-      get_and_set(key, value)
-      value
-    end
-
-    def compute_if_absent(key)
-      hash          = key_hash(key)
-      current_table = table || initialize_table
-      while true
-        if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-          succeeded, new_value = current_table.try_to_cas_in_computed(i, hash, key) { yield }
-          if succeeded
-            increment_size
-            return new_value
-          end
-        elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-          current_table = node.key
-        elsif NULL != (current_value = find_value_in_node_list(node, key, hash, node_hash & HASH_BITS))
-          return current_value
-        elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-          try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-        else
-          succeeded, value = attempt_internal_compute_if_absent(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash) { yield }
-          return value if succeeded
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def compute_if_present(key)
-      new_value = nil
-      internal_replace(key) do |old_value|
-        if (new_value = yield(NULL == old_value ? nil : old_value)).nil?
-          NULL
-        else
-          new_value
-        end
-      end
-      new_value
-    end
-
-    def compute(key)
-      internal_compute(key) do |old_value|
-        if (new_value = yield(NULL == old_value ? nil : old_value)).nil?
-          NULL
-        else
-          new_value
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def merge_pair(key, value)
-      internal_compute(key) do |old_value|
-        if NULL == old_value || !(value = yield(old_value)).nil?
-          value
-        else
-          NULL
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def replace_pair(key, old_value, new_value)
-      NULL != internal_replace(key, old_value) { new_value }
-    end
-
-    def replace_if_exists(key, new_value)
-      if (result = internal_replace(key) { new_value }) && NULL != result
-        result
-      end
-    end
-
-    def get_and_set(key, value) # internalPut in the original CHMV8
-      hash          = key_hash(key)
-      current_table = table || initialize_table
-      while true
-        if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-          if current_table.cas_new_node(i, hash, key, value)
-            increment_size
-            break
-          end
-        elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-          current_table = node.key
-        elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-          try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-        else
-          succeeded, old_value = attempt_get_and_set(key, value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-          break old_value if succeeded
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def delete(key)
-      replace_if_exists(key, NULL)
-    end
-
-    def delete_pair(key, value)
-      result = internal_replace(key, value) { NULL }
-      if result && NULL != result
-        !!result
-      else
-        false
-      end
-    end
-
-    def each_pair
-      return self unless current_table = table
-      current_table_size = base_size = current_table.size
-      i = base_index = 0
-      while base_index < base_size
-        if node = current_table.volatile_get(i)
-          if node.hash == MOVED
-            current_table      = node.key
-            current_table_size = current_table.size
-          else
-            begin
-              if NULL != (value = node.value) # skip deleted or special nodes
-                yield node.key, value
-              end
-            end while node = node.next
-          end
-        end
-
-        if (i_with_base = i + base_size) < current_table_size
-          i = i_with_base # visit upper slots if present
-        else
-          i = base_index += 1
-        end
-      end
-      self
-    end
-
-    def size
-      (sum = @counter.sum) < 0 ? 0 : sum # ignore transient negative values
-    end
-
-    def empty?
-      size == 0
-    end
-
-    # Implementation for clear. Steps through each bin, removing all nodes.
-    def clear
-      return self unless current_table = table
-      current_table_size = current_table.size
-      deleted_count = i = 0
-      while i < current_table_size
-        if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i))
-          i += 1
-        elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-          current_table      = node.key
-          current_table_size = current_table.size
-        elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-          decrement_size(deleted_count) # opportunistically update count
-          deleted_count = 0
-          node.try_await_lock(current_table, i)
-        else
-          current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-            begin
-              deleted_count += 1 if NULL != node.value # recheck under lock
-              node.value = nil
-            end while node = node.next
-            current_table.volatile_set(i, nil)
-            i += 1
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      decrement_size(deleted_count)
-      self
-    end
-
-    private
-    # Internal versions of the insertion methods, each a
-    # little more complicated than the last. All have
-    # the same basic structure:
-    #  1. If table uninitialized, create
-    #  2. If bin empty, try to CAS new node
-    #  3. If bin stale, use new table
-    #  4. Lock and validate; if valid, scan and add or update
-    #
-    # The others interweave other checks and/or alternative actions:
-    #  * Plain +get_and_set+ checks for and performs resize after insertion.
-    #  * compute_if_absent prescans for mapping without lock (and fails to add
-    #    if present), which also makes pre-emptive resize checks worthwhile.
-    #
-    # Someday when details settle down a bit more, it might be worth
-    # some factoring to reduce sprawl.
-    def internal_replace(key, expected_old_value = NULL, &block)
-      hash          = key_hash(key)
-      current_table = table
-      while current_table
-        if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-          break
-        elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-          current_table = node.key
-        elsif (node_hash & HASH_BITS) != hash && !node.next # precheck
-          break # rules out possible existence
-        elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-          try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-        else
-          succeeded, old_value = attempt_internal_replace(key, expected_old_value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash, &block)
-          return old_value if succeeded
-        end
-      end
-      NULL
-    end
-
-    def attempt_internal_replace(key, expected_old_value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-      current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-        predecessor_node = nil
-        old_value        = NULL
-        begin
-          if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (current_value = node.value)
-            if NULL == expected_old_value || expected_old_value == current_value # NULL == expected_old_value means whatever value
-              old_value = current_value
-              if NULL == (node.value = yield(old_value))
-                current_table.delete_node_at(i, node, predecessor_node)
-                decrement_size
-              end
-            end
-            break
-          end
-
-          predecessor_node = node
-        end while node = node.next
-
-        return true, old_value
-      end
-    end
-
-    def find_value_in_node_list(node, key, hash, pure_hash)
-      do_check_for_resize = false
-      while true
-        if pure_hash == hash && node.key?(key) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-          return value
-        elsif node = node.next
-          do_check_for_resize = true # at least 2 nodes -> check for resize
-          pure_hash = node.pure_hash
-        else
-          return NULL
-        end
-      end
-    ensure
-      check_for_resize if do_check_for_resize
-    end
-
-    def internal_compute(key, &block)
-      hash          = key_hash(key)
-      current_table = table || initialize_table
-      while true
-        if !(node = current_table.volatile_get(i = current_table.hash_to_index(hash)))
-          succeeded, new_value = current_table.try_to_cas_in_computed(i, hash, key, &block)
-          if succeeded
-            if NULL == new_value
-              break nil
-            else
-              increment_size
-              break new_value
-            end
-          end
-        elsif (node_hash = node.hash) == MOVED
-          current_table = node.key
-        elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash)
-          try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-        else
-          succeeded, new_value = attempt_compute(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash, &block)
-          break new_value if succeeded
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def attempt_internal_compute_if_absent(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-      added = false
-      current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-        while true
-          if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-            return true, value
-          end
-          last = node
-          unless node = node.next
-            last.next = Node.new(hash, key, value = yield)
-            added = true
-            increment_size
-            return true, value
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    ensure
-      check_for_resize if added
-    end
-
-    def attempt_compute(key, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-      added = false
-      current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-        predecessor_node = nil
-        while true
-          if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (value = node.value)
-            if NULL == (node.value = value = yield(value))
-              current_table.delete_node_at(i, node, predecessor_node)
-              decrement_size
-              value = nil
-            end
-            return true, value
-          end
-          predecessor_node = node
-          unless node = node.next
-            if NULL == (value = yield(NULL))
-              value = nil
-            else
-              predecessor_node.next = Node.new(hash, key, value)
-              added = true
-              increment_size
-            end
-            return true, value
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    ensure
-      check_for_resize if added
-    end
-
-    def attempt_get_and_set(key, value, hash, current_table, i, node, node_hash)
-      node_nesting = nil
-      current_table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-        node_nesting    = 1
-        old_value       = nil
-        found_old_value = false
-        while node
-          if node.matches?(key, hash) && NULL != (old_value = node.value)
-            found_old_value = true
-            node.value = value
-            break
-          end
-          last = node
-          unless node = node.next
-            last.next = Node.new(hash, key, value)
-            break
-          end
-          node_nesting += 1
-        end
-
-        return true, old_value if found_old_value
-        increment_size
-        true
-      end
-    ensure
-      check_for_resize if node_nesting && (node_nesting > 1 || current_table.size <= 64)
-    end
-
-    def initialize_copy(other)
-      super
-      @counter = Util::Adder.new
-      self.table = nil
-      self.size_control = (other_table = other.table) ? other_table.size : DEFAULT_CAPACITY
-      self
-    end
-
-    def try_await_lock(current_table, i, node)
-      check_for_resize # try resizing if can't get lock
-      node.try_await_lock(current_table, i)
-    end
-
-    def key_hash(key)
-      key.hash & HASH_BITS
-    end
-
-    # Returns a power of two table size for the given desired capacity.
-    def table_size_for(entry_count)
-      size = 2
-      size <<= 1 while size < entry_count
-      size
-    end
-
-    # Initializes table, using the size recorded in +size_control+.
-    def initialize_table
-      until current_table ||= table
-        if (size_ctrl = size_control) == NOW_RESIZING
-          Thread.pass # lost initialization race; just spin
-        else
-          try_in_resize_lock(current_table, size_ctrl) do
-            initial_size = size_ctrl > 0 ? size_ctrl : DEFAULT_CAPACITY
-            current_table = self.table = Table.new(initial_size)
-            initial_size - (initial_size >> 2) # 75% load factor
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      current_table
-    end
-
-    # If table is too small and not already resizing, creates next table and
-    # transfers bins. Rechecks occupancy after a transfer to see if another
-    # resize is already needed because resizings are lagging additions.
-    def check_for_resize
-      while (current_table = table) && MAX_CAPACITY > (table_size = current_table.size) && NOW_RESIZING != (size_ctrl = size_control) && size_ctrl < @counter.sum
-        try_in_resize_lock(current_table, size_ctrl) do
-          self.table = rebuild(current_table)
-          (table_size << 1) - (table_size >> 1) # 75% load factor
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def try_in_resize_lock(current_table, size_ctrl)
-      if cas_size_control(size_ctrl, NOW_RESIZING)
-        begin
-          if current_table == table # recheck under lock
-            size_ctrl = yield # get new size_control
-          end
-        ensure
-          self.size_control = size_ctrl
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Moves and/or copies the nodes in each bin to new table. See above for explanation.
-    def rebuild(table)
-      old_table_size = table.size
-      new_table      = table.next_in_size_table
-      # puts "#{old_table_size} -> #{new_table.size}"
-      forwarder      = Node.new(MOVED, new_table, NULL)
-      rev_forwarder  = nil
-      locked_indexes = nil # holds bins to revisit; nil until needed
-      locked_arr_idx = 0
-      bin            = old_table_size - 1
-      i              = bin
-      while true
-        if !(node = table.volatile_get(i))
-          # no lock needed (or available) if bin >= 0, because we're not popping values from locked_indexes until we've run through the whole table
-          redo unless (bin >= 0 ? table.cas(i, nil, forwarder) : lock_and_clean_up_reverse_forwarders(table, old_table_size, new_table, i, forwarder))
-        elsif Node.locked_hash?(node_hash = node.hash)
-          locked_indexes ||= Array.new
-          if bin < 0 && locked_arr_idx > 0
-            locked_arr_idx -= 1
-            i, locked_indexes[locked_arr_idx] = locked_indexes[locked_arr_idx], i # swap with another bin
-            redo
-          end
-          if bin < 0 || locked_indexes.size >= TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE
-            node.try_await_lock(table, i) # no other options -- block
-            redo
-          end
-          rev_forwarder ||= Node.new(MOVED, table, NULL)
-          redo unless table.volatile_get(i) == node && node.locked? # recheck before adding to list
-          locked_indexes << i
-          new_table.volatile_set(i, rev_forwarder)
-          new_table.volatile_set(i + old_table_size, rev_forwarder)
-        else
-          redo unless split_old_bin(table, new_table, i, node, node_hash, forwarder)
-        end
-
-        if bin > 0
-          i = (bin -= 1)
-        elsif locked_indexes && !locked_indexes.empty?
-          bin = -1
-          i = locked_indexes.pop
-          locked_arr_idx = locked_indexes.size - 1
-        else
-          return new_table
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def lock_and_clean_up_reverse_forwarders(old_table, old_table_size, new_table, i, forwarder)
-      # transiently use a locked forwarding node
-      locked_forwarder = Node.new(moved_locked_hash = MOVED | LOCKED, new_table, NULL)
-      if old_table.cas(i, nil, locked_forwarder)
-        new_table.volatile_set(i, nil) # kill the potential reverse forwarders
-        new_table.volatile_set(i + old_table_size, nil) # kill the potential reverse forwarders
-        old_table.volatile_set(i, forwarder)
-        locked_forwarder.unlock_via_hash(moved_locked_hash, MOVED)
-        true
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Splits a normal bin with list headed by e into lo and hi parts; installs in given table.
-    def split_old_bin(table, new_table, i, node, node_hash, forwarder)
-      table.try_lock_via_hash(i, node, node_hash) do
-        split_bin(new_table, i, node, node_hash)
-        table.volatile_set(i, forwarder)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def split_bin(new_table, i, node, node_hash)
-      bit          = new_table.size >> 1 # bit to split on
-      run_bit      = node_hash & bit
-      last_run     = nil
-      low          = nil
-      high         = nil
-      current_node = node
-      # this optimises for the lowest amount of volatile writes and objects created
-      while current_node = current_node.next
-        unless (b = current_node.hash & bit) == run_bit
-          run_bit  = b
-          last_run = current_node
-        end
-      end
-      if run_bit == 0
-        low = last_run
-      else
-        high = last_run
-      end
-      current_node = node
-      until current_node == last_run
-        pure_hash = current_node.pure_hash
-        if (pure_hash & bit) == 0
-          low = Node.new(pure_hash, current_node.key, current_node.value, low)
-        else
-          high = Node.new(pure_hash, current_node.key, current_node.value, high)
-        end
-        current_node = current_node.next
-      end
-      new_table.volatile_set(i, low)
-      new_table.volatile_set(i + bit, high)
-    end
-
-    def increment_size
-      @counter.increment
-    end
-
-    def decrement_size(by = 1)
-      @counter.add(-by)
-    end
-  end
-end