latinverb 0.2.0 → 0.9.2

data/lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_methods.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+# encoding: UTF-8
+
+require 'linguistics/latin/verb/phonographia'
+require 'linguistics/latin/verb/latinverb/auxiliary_classes'
+require 'yaml'
+
+module Linguistics 
+  module Latin 
+    module Verb 
+    ##
+    # == NAME
+    #
+    # TenseBlock
+    #
+    # == DESCRIPTION
+    #
+    # As per the LatinVerb documentation, LatinVerbs decorate themselves with
+    # the method which loads up a voice/tense/mood black box.  That black box
+    # is a TenseBlock.  The TenseBlock, in turn, responds to getting the final
+    # two components of the fully-qualified vector back (person and number).
+    # It also has Array-like behaviors (e.g. +[]+) based on the 2 * 3 matrix.
+    #
+    # == INTERNALS
+    #
+    # Internally, a Tenseblock is effectively an Array of the arguments passed
+    # in during TenseBlock.initialize.  These are assumed to be
+    # first/singular, second/singular, third/singular and then
+    # first/plural, second/plural, third/plural.
+    #
+    # Syntactic sugar methods are added to access this array.  Thus, in a
+    # LatinVerb a fully-qualified vectors first 3/5 data resolve to a
+    # TenseBlock.  The last 2/5 of resolution occurs within the TenseBlock
+    # (effectively pulling the contents of the Array).  Therefore, when a
+    # LatinVerb is accessed with the quinpartite fully-qualified vector it can
+    # return the unique value.  The mechanics of this hook through (surprise!)
+    # method_missing.
+    #
+    #
+    ##
+
+      class TenseBlock
+        include  Linguistics::Latin::Phonographia
+
+        # Idea from Mike Perham (6/1/2011):  Add a way to leave a note that
+        # describes, in English, the signification of the given tense.  Good
+        # idea.
+        
+        attr_reader :meaning
+
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # *r:* :: An Array (or something that can respond to to_a) containing 0-6
+        #         elements that will be mapped into the 2*3 matrix of Latin verb person /
+        #         number specifications.
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        #  Nothing
+        ##
+        def initialize(r, opts={})
+          begin
+            if r.class != Array
+              raise if r.nil?
+              r = r.to_a
+            end
+            @results = r.map{|v| Linguistics::Latin::Phonographia.fix_macrons v}
+            @meaning = opts[:meaning] if opts[:meaning]
+          rescue => e
+            raise e, "TenseBlock failed to initialize correctly. passed #{r.nil?}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # Required for serialization
+        #
+        ##
+        def to_json(*a)
+          {
+            'json_class'   => self.class.name, 
+            'data'         => @results.map{|i| i.to_json}
+          }.to_json(*a)
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # Required for deserialization
+        #
+        ##
+        def TenseBlock.json_create(o)
+         new(o['data']) 
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # Provides Array-like interface to the collection of results.
+        #
+        ##
+        def [](arg)
+          @results[arg]
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # To Array, useful in serialization
+        #
+        ##
+        def to_a
+          return @results
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # Add array compatibility support
+        #
+        ##
+        def length; return @results.length; end
+
+        ##
+        # Add array empty? compatibility
+        #
+        ##
+        def empty?; return @results.empty?; end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # Add a sensible string display
+        #
+        ##
+        def to_s; return self.to_a.to_s; end
+
+        ##
+        # Return whether the result arrays is empty of words
+        ##
+        def wordless? 
+          @results.map do |r|
+           return false if r =~ /\w/ 
+          end
+          true
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # Provide a method_missing so that ambiguous cases can be resolves
+        #
+        ##
+        def method_missing(symbol, *args)
+          begin
+            returnArray = []
+            methods.grep(/#{symbol.to_s}/) do |s|
+             returnArray.push(send s) 
+            end
+            return returnArray unless returnArray.empty?
+          rescue Exception
+          end
+          super
+        end
+
+##
+#--
+# TODO:  I dream of this being generated dynamically through the
+# VerbvectorGenerator for more dynamicity.  This would require a richer DSL in
+# VerbvectorGenerator, but would be totally awesome if we could describe this
+# language in a DSL. 
+#++
+##
+ 
+        # Syntactic sugar for accessing the final coordinates in the TenseBlock
+        def first_person_singular_number;  return @results[0]; end
+
+        # Syntactic sugar for accessing the final coordinates in the TenseBlock
+        def second_person_singular_number; return @results[1]; end
+
+        # Syntactic sugar for accessing the final coordinates in the TenseBlock
+        def third_person_singular_number;  return @results[2]; end
+
+        # Syntactic sugar for accessing the final coordinates in the TenseBlock
+        def first_person_plural_number;    return @results[3]; end
+
+        # Syntactic sugar for accessing the final coordinates in the TenseBlock
+        def second_person_plural_number;   return @results[4]; end
+
+        # Syntactic sugar for accessing the final coordinates in the TenseBlock
+        def third_person_plural_number;    return @results[5]; end
+      end
+
+      class LatinVerb
+
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Commands for immediate action.  Always second person.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense
+          imp = imperatives
+          TenseBlock.new( [ '', imp.present_tense_singular_number, '', 
+                                   '', imp.present_tense_plural_number, ''
+                          ],
+                          { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense] }
+                        )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Commands for immediate action.  Only supports second or third
+        # person.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense
+          f = imperatives.future
+          return TenseBlock.new( [ '', f[0], f[2], 
+                                   '', f[1], f[3]
+                                 ],
+                                { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense] }
+                               )
+        end
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Action to be completed in the future.  A&G,160,a,3.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
+          return TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+              [AF_ONE_TWO_ENDINGS.collect{|x| stem + x}].flatten
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third
+              [AF_OTHER_ENDINGS.collect{|x| stem + x}].flatten
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              [AF_OTHER_ENDINGS.collect{|x| stem + "i" + x}].flatten
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Action completed in the future.  
+        # A&G,160,b,3.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense
+          substem = @first_pers_perf[0..-2]
+          return TenseBlock.new [APERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x}].flatten,
+                 { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense] }
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Habitual action in the past.  A&G,160,a,2.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
+          return TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+              [AI_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS.collect{|x| stem + x}].flatten
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third
+              [AI_THIRD_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS.collect{|x| stem + x}].flatten
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              [AI_THIRD_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS.collect do |x| 
+                stem + "i" + x end ].flatten!
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Action completed in the past prior to an event in the past.
+        # A&G,160,b,3.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense
+          substem = @first_pers_perf[0..-2]
+           return TenseBlock.new [APERF_PAST_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x}].flatten,
+                  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
+        end
+
+
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Action completed in the past.  A&G,160,b,1.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense
+          substem = @first_pers_perf[0..-2]
+          return TenseBlock.new [@first_pers_perf.to_s, APERF_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x.to_s}].flatten,
+                 { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense] }
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # The canonical building block of learning to conjugate verbs in
+        # Latin.  Take the present active infinitive, chop off the ending, and
+        # add the classic o,s,t,mus,tis,nt
+        # 
+        # Wheelock Reference, p. 4.  
+        # A&G, 160,a,1.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
+          return TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+                [ @first_pers_singular,
+                      AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS.collect{ |ending| stem + ending}
+               ].flatten!
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third
+              [ AP_THIRD_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS.collect{ |ending| stem + ending } ].flatten!
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              [ @first_pers_singular,
+                       AP_THIRDIO_CONJG_PERS_ENDINGS.collect{ |ending| stem + ending }
+                     ].flatten!
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
+         TenseBlock.new(
+           ['m', AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending| 
+           @pres_act_inf.sub(/e$/,'ē') + ending 
+          end,
+          { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense] }
+          )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense
+          asp_base = @first_pers_perf[0..@first_pers_perf.length-2] + "issē"
+            TenseBlock.new( ['m', AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
+              asp_base + ending
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
+          asp_base = 
+            @first_pers_perf[0..@first_pers_perf.length-2] +
+            "erī"
+          TenseBlock.new( 
+            ['m', AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
+            asp_base + ending
+          end,
+          { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense] }
+          )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
+          key = lambda do
+            conjugation.to_s.split(/::/).last.to_sym
+          end
+
+          TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+             asp_base = ACTIVE_PRESENT_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS[key.call].call(stem[0..-2])
+             ['m',
+                AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do  |ending| 
+                  asp_base + ending 
+                end
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+               asp_base = ACTIVE_PRESENT_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS[key.call].call(stem[0..-1])
+               ['m',
+                  AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do  |ending| 
+                    asp_base + ending          
+               end
+            else
+              base = 
+               ['m',
+                  AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do  |ending| 
+              ACTIVE_PRESENT_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS[key.call].call(@stem) + ending
+              end
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+        # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
+          TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+                 fp_stem=stem+"bi"
+                 standards = PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG[2..-1].map{|x| fp_stem + x}
+                 standards.pop
+                 fp_stem.sub!(/.$/,'u')
+            [stem + "b\xc5\x8dr", 
+             stem + "beris", standards, fp_stem+PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.last].flatten!
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third
+              fp_stem=stem+"ē"
+              standards = PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG[1..-1].map{|x| fp_stem + x}
+              [stem + "ar", standards].flatten!      
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              ie_base=stem+"iē"
+              [stem+"ia"+PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG[0], 
+                PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG[1..-1].map{|x| ie_base + x}].flatten!
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+        # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+        # Wheelock, 122
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense
+          return TenseBlock.new(
+            PASS_PERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{@pass_perf_part} #{helping_verb}"  },
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+        # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+        # Wheelock, 117
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
+          return TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+              imperfect_stem = stem + "b\xc4\x81"
+              PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map{|x| imperfect_stem+x}
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third
+              ministem=stem + "ēbā"
+              PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map{|x| ministem + x}
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              base=stem+"iēbā"
+              [PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map{|x| base + x}].flatten!
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+        # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+        # Wheelock, 117
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense
+          TenseBlock.new(
+            PASS_PERF_PAST_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{@pass_perf_part} #{helping_verb}"  },
+            { :meaning =>  Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense]}
+            )
+        end
+
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Wheelock, 122
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense
+          TenseBlock.new(
+             PASS_PERF_PRESENT_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{@pass_perf_part} #{helping_verb}"  },
+             { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense] }
+             )
+        end
+
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+        # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+        # Wheelock, 117
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
+          return TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+              local_pe=PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.clone
+              [@first_pers_singular.to_s + "r", 
+                local_pe[1..-1].map{|x| @stem + x}].flatten!
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third
+              [@first_pers_singular+"r", 
+                PASSIVE_ENDINGS_OTHER[1..-1].map{|x| stem + x}].flatten!
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO 
+              base=stem+"i"
+              [@first_pers_singular+"r", 
+                PASSIVE_ENDINGS_OTHER[1..-2].map{|x| stem + x}, 
+                base+PASSIVE_ENDINGS_OTHER[-1]].flatten!
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              base=@stem+"ī"
+              [@first_pers_singular+"r", 
+                PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG[1..-2].map{|x| base + x},
+                base+PASSIVE_ENDINGS_OTHER[-1]].flatten!
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
+          base = @pres_act_inf.gsub(/(.*)(.)$/,"\\1" + 'ē')
+          TenseBlock.new( 
+            PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map do |ending| 
+            base + ending    
+          end,
+          { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense] }
+          )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense
+          count = -1
+          TenseBlock.new(PASS_PLUPERF_PAST_ENDINGS.map do |ending|
+             count += 1
+             (count <= 2 ?
+               "[ #{triplicate_and_genderize @pass_perf_part} ]" :
+               "[ #{pluralize_participial_listing(triplicate_and_genderize(@pass_perf_part))} ]" )+ " " + ending 
+          end,
+          { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
+          )      
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
+          counter = -1
+          TenseBlock.new(PASS_PERF_SUBJ_ENDINGS.map do |ending|
+             counter += 1
+              (counter <=2 ? 
+               "[ #{triplicate_and_genderize @pass_perf_part} ]" :
+               "[ #{pluralize_participial_listing(triplicate_and_genderize(@pass_perf_part))} ]" )+ " " + ending 
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+        # the verb in context.</em>
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
+          key = lambda do
+            conjugation.to_s.split(/::/).last.to_sym
+          end
+          TenseBlock.new(
+            if conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::First or 
+               conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Second
+              short_base = 
+                ACTIVE_PRESENT_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS[key.call].call(stem[0..-2]) 
+              PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map do |ending| 
+                 short_base + ending
+              end
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Third or
+                  conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::ThirdIO
+             subjunctive_stem = conjugation.to_s =~ /O$/i ? stem + "iā" : stem + "ā"
+             PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map do |ending|
+               subjunctive_stem + ending
+             end 
+            elsif conjugation == Linguistics::Latin::Verb::VerbTypes::Fourth
+              subjunctive_stem = stem + "iā"
+              PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map do |ending|
+                subjunctive_stem + ending
+              end
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense] }
+            )
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+        #
+        # Used to express command.  As A&G notes, oftentimes the Subjunctive
+        # is the correct mood for exhortation.
+        #
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # None
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # TenseBlock
+        #
+        ###
+        def imperatives
+          @imperatives ||= form_imperatives
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def form_imperatives
+
+          imperative_exceptions = { 
+            "ducere"   => %w(duc ducite),
+            "dicere"   => %w(dic dicite),
+            "facere"   => %w(fac facite),
+            "ferre"    => %w(fer ferte),
+            "nolere"   => %w(nolo nolite)
+          }   
+
+          # Exceptional imperatives.  If we have one, return it straight away.
+          if imperative_exceptions.has_key?(@pres_act_inf)
+            return Linguistics::Latin::Verb::ImperativeBlock.new(
+              imperative_exceptions[@pres_act_inf])
+          end
+              
+          # Therefore, let us assume that we are dealing with a standard verb
+          # with standard imperatives.  Accordingly, we will create an
+          # ImperativeBlock.
+              
+          return Linguistics::Latin::Verb::ImperativeBlock.new @stem, @pres_act_inf
+        end
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === DESCRIPTION
+        #
+        # Used for handling verb states that are compounds like _amatus,
+        # amata, amatum sum_ and converting them to amati, amatae, amata,
+        # (sumus|estis|sunt).
+        # 
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # +x:+ :: A string that looks like --us, --a, --um
+        #         This method mutates those singular endings to plural forms
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # Altered string
+        #
+        # === EXAMPLE
+        #
+        # pluralize_participial_listing(qq/amatus, amata, amatum/) #=>
+        #   amatī, amatae, amata
+        #
+        ## 
+        def pluralize_participial_listing(x)
+          x.sub!(/us,/,   'ī,' )
+          x.sub!(/a,/,    'ae,')
+          x.sub!(/um.*$/, 'a'  )
+        end       
+
+        ##
+        #
+        # === DESCRIPTION
+        #
+        # Used for turning a participial form --um into --us, --a, --um
+        #  
+        # === ARGUMENTS
+        #
+        # +s:+ :: --um
+        #
+        # === RETURNS
+        #
+        # Altered string
+        #
+        # === EXAMPLE
+        #
+        # triplicate_and_genderize("amatum") #=> amatus, amata, amatum
+        #
+        ## 
+        def triplicate_and_genderize(s)
+          stem = s.sub(/^(.*)um$/,"\\1")
+          [ stem + 'us',
+            stem + 'a',
+            s
+          ].join(', ')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+