j1-template 2022.5.0.rc1 → 2022.5.0.rc4

data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/_jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/Introduction.html

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+  <div class="cell text_cell">
+    <button class="js-nbinteract-widget">
+      Loading widgets...
+    </button>
+  </div>
+
+
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+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<h1 id="bqplot">bqplot<a class="anchor-link" href="#bqplot">&#182;</a></h1>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>This notebook is meant to guide you through the first stages of using the <code>bqplot</code> visualization library. <code>bqplot</code> is a Grammar of Graphics based interactive visualization library for the Jupyter notebook where every single component of a plot is an interactive iPython widget. What this means is that even after a plot is drawn, you can change almost any aspect of it. This makes the creation of advanced Graphical User Interfaces attainable through just a few simple lines of Python code.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
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+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
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+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Let&#39;s begin by importing some libraries we&#39;ll need</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># And creating some random data</span>
+<span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
+<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">x_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">y_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cumsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">100.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<h2 id="Your-First-Plot">Your First Plot<a class="anchor-link" href="#Your-First-Plot">&#182;</a></h2>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Let's start by creating a simple Line chart. <code>bqplot</code> has two different APIs, the first one is a <code>matplotlib</code> inspired simple API called <code>pyplot</code>. So let's import that.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">plt</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Let's plot <code>y_data</code> against <code>x_data</code>, and then <code>show</code> the plot.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;My First Plot&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Use the buttons above to Pan (or Zoom), Reset or save the Figure.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<h2 id="Using-bqplot's-interactive-elements">Using <code>bqplot</code>'s interactive elements<a class="anchor-link" href="#Using-bqplot's-interactive-elements">&#182;</a></h2>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Now, let's try creating a new plot. First, we create a brand new <code>Figure</code>. The <code>Figure</code> is the final element of any plot that is eventually displayed. You can think of it as a Canvas on which we put all of our other plots.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Creating a new Figure and setting it&#39;s title</span>
+<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;My Second Chart&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Let&#39;s assign the scatter plot to a variable</span>
+<span class="n">scatter_plot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Let&#39;s show the plot</span>
+<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Since both the x and the y attributes of a bqplot chart are interactive widgets, we can change them. So, let's
+change the y attribute of the chart.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scatter_plot</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cumsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">100.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Re-run the above cell a few times, the same plot should update every time. But, that's not the only thing that can be changed once a plot has been rendered. Let's try changing some of the other attributes.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Say, the color</span>
+<span class="n">scatter_plot</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;Red&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Or, the marker style</span>
+<span class="n">scatter_plot</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">marker</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;diamond&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>It's important to remember that an interactive widget means that the <code>JavaScript</code> and the <code>Python</code> communicate. So, the plot can be changed through a single line of python code, or a piece of python code can be triggered by a change in the plot. Let's go through a simple example. Say we have a function <code>foo</code>:</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">change</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;This is a trait change. Foo was called by the fact that we moved the Scatter&quot;</span>
+    <span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;In fact, the Scatter plot sent us all the new data: &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;To access the data, try modifying the function and printing the data variable&quot;</span>
+    <span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>We can call <code>foo</code> every time any attribute of our scatter is changed. Say, the <code>y</code> values:</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># First, we hook up our function `foo` to the colors attribute (or Trait) of the scatter plot</span>
+<span class="n">scatter_plot</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">observe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>To allow the points in the <code>Scatter</code> to be moved interactively, we set the <code>enable_move</code> attribute to <code>True</code></p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scatter_plot</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enable_move</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Go ahead, head over to the chart and move any point in some way. This move (which happens on the <code>JavaScript</code> side should trigger our <code>Python</code> function <code>foo</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<h2 id="Understanding-how-bqplot-uses-the-Grammar-of-Graphics-paradigm">Understanding how bqplot uses the Grammar of Graphics paradigm<a class="anchor-link" href="#Understanding-how-bqplot-uses-the-Grammar-of-Graphics-paradigm">&#182;</a></h2>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p><code>bqplot</code> has two different APIs. One is the matplotlib inspired <code>pyplot</code> which we used above (you can think of it as similar to <code>qplot</code> in <code>ggplot2</code>). The other one, the verbose API, is meant to expose every element of a plot individually, so that their attriutes can be controlled in an atomic way. In order to truly use <code>bqplot</code> to build complex and feature-rich GUIs, it pays to understand the underlying theory that is used to create a plot.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>To understand this verbose API, it helps to revisit what exactly the components of a plot are. The first thing we need is a <code>Scale</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p><strong>A <code>Scale</code> is a mapping from (function that converts) data coordinates to figure coordinates.</strong> What this means is that, a <code>Scale</code> takes a set of values in any arbitrary unit (say number of people, or $, or litres) and converts it to pixels (or colors for a <code>ColorScale</code>).</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># First, we import the scales</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">LinearScale</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Let&#39;s create a scale for the x attribute, and a scale for the y attribute</span>
+<span class="n">x_sc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LinearScale</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">y_sc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LinearScale</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Now, we need to create the actual <code>Mark</code> that will visually represent the data. Let's pick a <code>Scatter</code> chart to start.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Scatter</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scatter_chart</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Scatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">x_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">y_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scales</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x_sc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">y_sc</span><span class="p">})</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Most of the time, the actual <code>Figure</code> coordinates don't really mean anything to us. So, what we need is the visual representation of our <code>Scale</code>, which is called an <code>Axis</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Axis</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x_ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;X&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scale</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">x_sc</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">y_ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Y&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scale</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">y_sc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orientation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;vertical&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>And finally, we put it all together on a canvas, which is called a <code>Figure</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Figure</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Figure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">marks</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">scatter_chart</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;A Figure&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x_ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_ax</span><span class="p">])</span>
+<span class="n">fig</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>The IPython display machinery displays the last returned value of a cell. If you wish to explicitly display a widget, you can call <code>IPython.display.display</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">IPython.display</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">display</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Now, that the plot has been generated, we can control every single attribute of it. Let's say we wanted to color the chart based on some other data.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># First, we generate some random color data.</span>
+<span class="n">color_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Now, we define a ColorScale to map the color_data to actual colors</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ColorScale</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># The colors trait controls the actual colors we want to map to. It can also take a min, mid, max list of</span>
+<span class="c1"># colors to be interpolated between for continuous data.</span>
+<span class="n">col_sc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ColorScale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">colors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;MediumSeaGreen&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Red&quot;</span><span class="p">])</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scatter_chart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scales</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x_sc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">y_sc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;color&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">col_sc</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="c1"># We pass the color data to the Scatter Chart through it&#39;s color attribute</span>
+<span class="n">scatter_chart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">color_data</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>The grammar of graphics framework allows us to overlay multiple visualizations on a single <code>Figure</code> by having the visualization share the <code>Scales</code>. So, for example, if we had a <code>Bar</code> chart that we would like to plot alongside the <code>Scatter</code> plot, we just pass it the same <code>Scales</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bqplot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Bars</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">new_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">50</span>
+<span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">100.0</span>
+<span class="n">x_data_new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">y_data_new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cumsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">scale</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># All we need to do to add a bar chart to the Figure is pass the same scales to the Mark</span>
+<span class="n">bar_chart</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Bars</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">x_data_new</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">y_data_new</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scales</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x_sc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">y_sc</span><span class="p">})</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered"><div class="inner_cell">
+<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
+<p>Finally, we add the new <code>Mark</code> to the <code>Figure</code> to update the plot!</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  
+
+  <div class="
+      cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
+    <div class="input">
+
+<div class="inner_cell">
+    <div class="input_area">
+<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">marks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">scatter_chart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bar_chart</span><span class="p">]</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+    </div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+  </div>
+