id3tag 0.10.0 → 0.13.0

data/standard_documents/id3v2.3.0.txt

@@ -1,2022 +0,0 @@
-Informal standard                                             M. Nilsson
-Document: id3v2.3.0.txt                                3rd February 1999
-
-
-                           ID3 tag version 2.3.0
-
-Status of this document
-
-   This document is an informal standard and replaces the ID3v2.2.0
-   standard [ID3v2]. The informal standard is released so that
-   implementors could have a set standard before a formal standard is
-   set. The formal standard will use another version or revision number
-   if not identical to what is described in this document. The contents
-   in this document may change for clarifications but never for added or
-   altered functionallity.
-
-   Distribution of this document is unlimited.
-
-
-Abstract
-
-   This document describes the ID3v2.3.0, which is a more developed
-   version of the ID3v2 informal standard [ID3v2] (version 2.2.0),
-   evolved from the ID3 tagging system. The ID3v2 offers a flexible way
-   of storing information about an audio file within itself to determine
-   its origin and contents. The information may be technical
-   information, such as equalisation curves, as well as related meta
-   information, such as title, performer, copyright etc.
-
-
-1.   Table of contents
-
-   2.   Conventions in this document
-   3.   ID3v2 overview
-     3.1.   ID3v2 header
-     3.2.   ID3v2 extended header
-     3.3.   ID3v2 frames overview
-       3.3.1.   Frame header flags
-       3.3.2.   Default flags
-   4.   Declared ID3v2 frames
-     4.1.   Unique file identifier
-     4.2.   Text information frames
-       4.2.1.   Text information frames - details
-       4.2.2.   User defined text information frame
-     4.3.   URL link frames
-       4.3.1.   URL link frames - details
-       4.3.2.   User defined URL link frame
-     4.4.   Involved people list
-     4.5.   Music CD Identifier
-     4.6.   Event timing codes
-     4.7.   MPEG location lookup table
-     4.8.   Synced tempo codes
-     4.9.   Unsychronised lyrics/text transcription
-     4.10.  Synchronised lyrics/text
-     4.11.  Comments
-     4.12.  Relative volume adjustment
-     4.13.  Equalisation
-     4.14.  Reverb
-     4.15.  Attached picture
-     4.16.  General encapsulated object
-     4.17.  Play counter
-     4.18.  Popularimeter
-     4.19.  Recommended buffer size
-     4.20.  Audio encryption
-     4.21.  Linked information
-     4.22.  Position synchronisation frame
-     4.23.  Terms of use
-     4.24.  Ownership frame
-     4.25.  Commercial frame
-     4.26.  Encryption method registration
-     4.27.  Group identification registration
-	 4.28.  Private frame
-   5.   The 'unsynchronisation scheme'
-   6.   Copyright
-   7.   References
-   8.   Appendix
-     A.   Appendix A - Genre List from ID3v1
-   9.   Author's Address
-
-
-2.   Conventions in this document
-
-   In the examples, text within "" is a text string exactly as it
-   appears in a file. Numbers preceded with $ are hexadecimal and
-   numbers preceded with % are binary. $xx is used to indicate a byte
-   with unknown content. %x is used to indicate a bit with unknown
-   content. The most significant bit (MSB) of a byte is called 'bit 7'
-   and the least significant bit (LSB) is called 'bit 0'.
-
-   A tag is the whole tag described in this document. A frame is a block
-   of information in the tag. The tag consists of a header, frames and
-   optional padding. A field is a piece of information; one value, a
-   string etc. A numeric string is a string that consists of the
-   characters 0-9 only.
-
-
-3.   ID3v2 overview
-
-   The two biggest design goals were to be able to implement ID3v2
-   without disturbing old software too much and that ID3v2 should be
-   as flexible and expandable as possible.
-
-   The first criterion is met by the simple fact that the MPEG [MPEG]
-   decoding software uses a syncsignal, embedded in the audiostream, to
-   'lock on to' the audio. Since the ID3v2 tag doesn't contain a valid
-   syncsignal, no software will attempt to play the tag. If, for any
-   reason, coincidence make a syncsignal appear within the tag it will
-   be taken care of by the 'unsynchronisation scheme' described in
-   section 5.
-
-   The second criterion has made a more noticeable impact on the design
-   of the ID3v2 tag. It is constructed as a container for several
-   information blocks, called frames, whose format need not be known to
-   the software that encounters them. At the start of every frame there
-   is an identifier that explains the frames' format and content, and a
-   size descriptor that allows software to skip unknown frames.
-
-   If a total revision of the ID3v2 tag should be needed, there is a
-   version number and a size descriptor in the ID3v2 header.
-
-   The ID3 tag described in this document is mainly targeted at files
-   encoded with MPEG-1/2 layer I, MPEG-1/2 layer II, MPEG-1/2 layer III
-   and MPEG-2.5, but may work with other types of encoded audio.
-
-   The bitorder in ID3v2 is most significant bit first (MSB). The
-   byteorder in multibyte numbers is most significant byte first (e.g.
-   $12345678 would be encoded $12 34 56 78).
-
-   It is permitted to include padding after all the final frame (at the
-   end of the ID3 tag), making the size of all the frames together
-   smaller than the size given in the head of the tag. A possible
-   purpose of this padding is to allow for adding a few additional
-   frames or enlarge existing frames within the tag without having to
-   rewrite the entire file. The value of the padding bytes must be $00.
-
-
-3.1.   ID3v2 header
-
-   The ID3v2 tag header, which should be the first information in the
-   file, is 10 bytes as follows:
-
-     ID3v2/file identifier      "ID3"
-     ID3v2 version              $03 00
-     ID3v2 flags                %abc00000
-     ID3v2 size             4 * %0xxxxxxx
-
-   The first three bytes of the tag are always "ID3" to indicate that
-   this is an ID3v2 tag, directly followed by the two version bytes. The
-   first byte of ID3v2 version is it's major version, while the second
-   byte is its revision number. In this case this is ID3v2.3.0. All
-   revisions are backwards compatible while major versions are not. If
-   software with ID3v2.2.0 and below support should encounter version
-   three or higher it should simply ignore the whole tag. Version and
-   revision will never be $FF.
-
-   The version is followed by one the ID3v2 flags field, of which
-   currently only three flags are used.
-
-
-   a - Unsynchronisation
-
-     Bit 7 in the 'ID3v2 flags' indicates whether or not
-     unsynchronisation is used (see section 5 for details); a set bit
-     indicates usage.
-
-
-   b - Extended header
-
-     The second bit (bit 6) indicates whether or not the header is
-     followed by an extended header. The extended header is described in
-     section 3.2.
-
-
-   c - Experimental indicator
-
-     The third bit (bit 5) should be used as an 'experimental
-     indicator'. This flag should always be set when the tag is in an
-     experimental stage.
-
-   All the other flags should be cleared. If one of these undefined
-   flags are set that might mean that the tag is not readable for a
-   parser that does not know the flags function.
-
-   The ID3v2 tag size is encoded with four bytes where the most
-   significant bit (bit 7) is set to zero in every byte, making a total
-   of 28 bits. The zeroed bits are ignored, so a 257 bytes long tag is
-   represented as $00 00 02 01.
-
-   The ID3v2 tag size is the size of the complete tag after
-   unsychronisation, including padding, excluding the header but not
-   excluding the extended header (total tag size - 10). Only 28 bits
-   (representing up to 256MB) are used in the size description to avoid
-   the introducuction of 'false syncsignals'.
-
-   An ID3v2 tag can be detected with the following pattern:
-     $49 44 33 yy yy xx zz zz zz zz
-   Where yy is less than $FF, xx is the 'flags' byte and zz is less than
-   $80.
-
-
-3.2.   ID3v2 extended header
-
-   The extended header contains information that is not vital to the
-   correct parsing of the tag information, hence the extended header is
-   optional.
-
-     Extended header size   $xx xx xx xx
-     Extended Flags         $xx xx
-     Size of padding        $xx xx xx xx
-
-   Where the 'Extended header size', currently 6 or 10 bytes, excludes
-   itself. The 'Size of padding' is simply the total tag size excluding
-   the frames and the headers, in other words the padding. The extended
-   header is considered separate from the header proper, and as such is
-   subject to unsynchronisation.
-
-   The extended flags are a secondary flag set which describes further
-   attributes of the tag. These attributes are currently defined as
-   follows
-
-     %x0000000 00000000
-
-
-   x - CRC data present
-
-     If this flag is set four bytes of CRC-32 data is appended to the
-     extended header. The CRC should be calculated before
-     unsynchronisation on the data between the extended header and the
-     padding, i.e. the frames and only the frames.
-
-        Total frame CRC        $xx xx xx xx
-
-
-3.3.   ID3v2 frame overview
-
-   As the tag consists of a tag header and a tag body with one or more
-   frames, all the frames consists of a frame header followed by one or
-   more fields containing the actual information. The layout of the
-   frame header:
-
-     Frame ID   $xx xx xx xx  (four characters)
-     Size       $xx xx xx xx
-     Flags      $xx xx
-
-   The frame ID made out of the characters capital A-Z and 0-9.
-   Identifiers beginning with "X", "Y" and "Z" are for experimental use
-   and free for everyone to use, without the need to set the
-   experimental bit in the tag header. Have in mind that someone else
-   might have used the same identifier as you. All other identifiers are
-   either used or reserved for future use.
-
-   The frame ID is followed by a size descriptor, making a total header
-   size of ten bytes in every frame. The size is calculated as frame
-   size excluding frame header (frame size - 10).
-
-   In the frame header the size descriptor is followed by two flags
-   bytes. These flags are described in section 3.3.1.
-
-   There is no fixed order of the frames' appearance in the tag,
-   although it is desired that the frames are arranged in order of
-   significance concerning the recognition of the file. An example of
-   such order: UFID, TIT2, MCDI, TRCK ...
-
-   A tag must contain at least one frame. A frame must be at least 1
-   byte big, excluding the header.
-
-   If nothing else is said a string is represented as ISO-8859-1
-   [ISO-8859-1] characters in the range $20 - $FF. Such strings are
-   represented as <text string>, or <full text string> if newlines are
-   allowed, in the frame descriptions. All Unicode strings [UNICODE] use
-   16-bit unicode 2.0 (ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, UCS-2). Unicode strings
-   must begin with the Unicode BOM ($FF FE or $FE FF) to identify the
-   byte order.
-
-   All numeric strings and URLs [URL] are always encoded as ISO-8859-1.
-   Terminated strings are terminated with $00 if encoded with ISO-8859-1
-   and $00 00 if encoded as unicode. If nothing else is said newline
-   character is forbidden. In ISO-8859-1 a new line is represented, when
-   allowed, with $0A only. Frames that allow different types of text
-   encoding have a text encoding description byte directly after the
-   frame size. If ISO-8859-1 is used this byte should be $00, if Unicode
-   is used it should be $01. Strings dependent on encoding is
-   represented as <text string according to encoding>, or <full text
-   string according to encoding> if newlines are allowed.  Any empty
-   Unicode strings which are NULL-terminated may have the Unicode BOM
-   followed by a Unicode NULL ($FF FE 00 00 or $FE FF 00 00).
-
-   The three byte language field is used to describe the language of the
-   frame's content, according to ISO-639-2 [ISO-639-2].
-
-   All URLs [URL] may be relative, e.g. "picture.png", "../doc.txt".
-
-   If a frame is longer than it should be, e.g. having more fields than
-   specified in this document, that indicates that additions to the
-   frame have been made in a later version of the ID3v2 standard. This
-   is reflected by the revision number in the header of the tag.
-
-
-3.3.1.   Frame header flags
-
-   In the frame header the size descriptor is followed by two flags
-   bytes. All unused flags must be cleared. The first byte is for
-   'status messages' and the second byte is for encoding purposes. If an
-   unknown flag is set in the first byte the frame may not be changed
-   without the bit cleared. If an unknown flag is set in the second byte
-   it is likely to not be readable. The flags field is defined as
-   follows.
-
-     %abc00000 %ijk00000
-
-
-   a - Tag alter preservation
-
-     This flag tells the software what to do with this frame if it is
-     unknown and the tag is altered in any way. This applies to all
-     kinds of alterations, including adding more padding and reordering
-     the frames.
-
-     0     Frame should be preserved.
-     1     Frame should be discarded.
-
-
-   b - File alter preservation
-
-     This flag tells the software what to do with this frame if it is
-     unknown and the file, excluding the tag, is altered. This does not
-     apply when the audio is completely replaced with other audio data.
-
-     0     Frame should be preserved.
-     1     Frame should be discarded.
-
-
-   c - Read only
-
-      This flag, if set, tells the software that the contents of this
-      frame is intended to be read only. Changing the contents might
-      break something, e.g. a signature. If the contents are changed,
-      without knowledge in why the frame was flagged read only and
-      without taking the proper means to compensate, e.g. recalculating
-      the signature, the bit should be cleared.
-
-
-   i - Compression
-
-      This flag indicates whether or not the frame is compressed.
-
-      0     Frame is not compressed.
-      1     Frame is compressed using zlib [zlib] with 4 bytes for
-            'decompressed size' appended to the frame header.
-
-
-   j - Encryption
-
-      This flag indicates wether or not the frame is enrypted. If set
-      one byte indicating with which method it was encrypted will be
-      appended to the frame header. See section 4.26. for more
-      information about encryption method registration.
-
-      0     Frame is not encrypted.
-      1     Frame is encrypted.
-
-
-   k - Grouping identity
-
-      This flag indicates whether or not this frame belongs in a group
-      with other frames. If set a group identifier byte is added to the
-      frame header. Every frame with the same group identifier belongs
-      to the same group.
-
-      0     Frame does not contain group information
-      1     Frame contains group information
-
-
-   Some flags indicates that the frame header is extended with
-   additional information. This information will be added to the frame
-   header in the same order as the flags indicating the additions. I.e.
-   the four bytes of decompressed size will preceed the encryption
-   method byte. These additions to the frame header, while not included
-   in the frame header size but are included in the 'frame size' field,
-   are not subject to encryption or compression.
-
-
-3.3.2.   Default flags
-
-   The default settings for the frames described in this document can be
-   divided into the following classes. The flags may be set differently
-   if found more suitable by the software.
-
-    1. Discarded if tag is altered, discarded if file is altered.
-
-       None.
-
-    2. Discarded if tag is altered, preserved if file is altered.
-
-       None.
-
-    3. Preserved if tag is altered, discarded if file is altered.
-
-       AENC, ETCO, EQUA, MLLT, POSS, SYLT, SYTC, RVAD, TENC, TLEN, TSIZ
-
-    4. Preserved if tag is altered, preserved if file is altered.
-
-       The rest of the frames.
-
-
-4.   Declared ID3v2 frames
-
-   The following frames are declared in this draft.
-
-  4.21  AENC Audio encryption
-  4.15  APIC Attached picture
-
-  4.11  COMM Comments
-  4.25  COMR Commercial frame
-
-  4.26  ENCR Encryption method registration
-  4.13  EQUA Equalization
-  4.6   ETCO Event timing codes
-
-  4.16  GEOB General encapsulated object
-  4.27  GRID Group identification registration
-
-  4.4   IPLS Involved people list
-
-  4.21  LINK Linked information
-
-  4.5   MCDI Music CD identifier
-  4.7   MLLT MPEG location lookup table
-
-  4.24  OWNE Ownership frame
-
-  4.28. PRIV Private frame
-  4.17  PCNT Play counter
-  4.18  POPM Popularimeter
-  4.22  POSS Position synchronisation frame
-
-  4.19  RBUF Recommended buffer size
-  4.12  RVAD Relative volume adjustment
-  4.14  RVRB Reverb
-
-  4.10  SYLT Synchronized lyric/text
-  4.8   SYTC Synchronized tempo codes
-
-  4.2.1 TALB Album/Movie/Show title
-  4.2.1 TBPM BPM (beats per minute)
-  4.2.1 TCOM Composer
-  4.2.1 TCON Content type
-  4.2.1 TCOP Copyright message
-  4.2.1 TDAT Date
-  4.2.1 TDLY Playlist delay
-  4.2.1 TENC Encoded by
-  4.2.1 TEXT Lyricist/Text writer
-  4.2.1 TFLT File type
-  4.2.1 TIME Time
-  4.2.1 TIT1 Content group description
-  4.2.1 TIT2 Title/songname/content description
-  4.2.1 TIT3 Subtitle/Description refinement
-  4.2.1 TKEY Initial key
-  4.2.1 TLAN Language(s)
-  4.2.1 TLEN Length
-  4.2.1 TMED Media type
-  4.2.1 TOAL Original album/movie/show title
-  4.2.1 TOFN Original filename
-  4.2.1 TOLY Original lyricist(s)/text writer(s)
-  4.2.1 TOPE Original artist(s)/performer(s)
-  4.2.1 TORY Original release year
-  4.2.1 TOWN File owner/licensee
-  4.2.1 TPE1 Lead performer(s)/Soloist(s)
-  4.2.1 TPE2 Band/orchestra/accompaniment
-  4.2.1 TPE3 Conductor/performer refinement
-  4.2.1 TPE4 Interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified by
-  4.2.1 TPOS Part of a set
-  4.2.1 TPUB Publisher
-  4.2.1 TRCK Track number/Position in set
-  4.2.1 TRDA Recording dates
-  4.2.1 TRSN Internet radio station name
-  4.2.1 TRSO Internet radio station owner
-  4.2.1 TSIZ Size
-  4.2.1 TSRC ISRC (international standard recording code)
-  4.2.1 TSSE Software/Hardware and settings used for encoding
-  4.2.1 TYER Year
-  4.2.2 TXXX User defined text information frame
-
-  4.1   UFID Unique file identifier
-  4.23  USER Terms of use
-  4.9   USLT Unsychronized lyric/text transcription
-
-  4.3.1 WCOM Commercial information
-  4.3.1 WCOP Copyright/Legal information
-  4.3.1 WOAF Official audio file webpage
-  4.3.1 WOAR Official artist/performer webpage
-  4.3.1 WOAS Official audio source webpage
-  4.3.1 WORS Official internet radio station homepage
-  4.3.1 WPAY Payment
-  4.3.1 WPUB Publishers official webpage
-  4.3.2 WXXX User defined URL link frame
-
-
-4.1.   Unique file identifier
-
-   This frame's purpose is to be able to identify the audio file in a
-   database that may contain more information relevant to the content.
-   Since standardisation of such a database is beyond this document, all
-   frames begin with a null-terminated string with a URL [URL]
-   containing an email address, or a link to a location where an email
-   address can be found, that belongs to the organisation responsible
-   for this specific database implementation. Questions regarding the
-   database should be sent to the indicated email address. The URL
-   should not be used for the actual database queries. The string
-   "<a href="http://www.id3.org/dummy/ufid.html">http://www.id3.org/dummy/ufid.html</a>" should be used for tests.
-   Software that isn't told otherwise may safely remove such frames. The
-   'Owner identifier' must be non-empty (more than just a termination).
-   The 'Owner identifier' is then followed by the actual identifier,
-   which may be up to 64 bytes. There may be more than one "UFID" frame
-   in a tag, but only one with the same 'Owner identifier'.
-
-     <Header for 'Unique file identifier', ID: "UFID">
-     Owner identifier        <text string> $00
-     Identifier              <up to 64 bytes binary data>
-
-
-4.2.   Text information frames
-
-   The text information frames are the most important frames, containing
-   information like artist, album and more. There may only be one text
-   information frame of its kind in an tag. If the textstring is
-   followed by a termination ($00 (00)) all the following information
-   should be ignored and not be displayed. All text frame identifiers
-   begin with "T". Only text frame identifiers begin with "T", with the
-   exception of the "TXXX" frame. All the text information frames have
-   the following format:
-
-     <Header for 'Text information frame', ID: "T000" - "TZZZ",
-     excluding "TXXX" described in 4.2.2.>
-     Text encoding                $xx
-     Information                  <text string according to encoding>
-
-
-4.2.1.   Text information frames - details
-
-  TALB
-   The 'Album/Movie/Show title' frame is intended for the title of the
-   recording(/source of sound) which the audio in the file is taken
-   from.
-
-  TBPM
-   The 'BPM' frame contains the number of beats per minute in the
-   mainpart of the audio. The BPM is an integer and represented as a
-   numerical string.
-
-  TCOM
-   The 'Composer(s)' frame is intended for the name of the composer(s).
-   They are seperated with the "/" character.
-
-  TCON
-   The 'Content type', which previously was stored as a one byte numeric
-   value only, is now a numeric string. You may use one or several of
-   the types as ID3v1.1 did or, since the category list would be
-   impossible to maintain with accurate and up to date categories,
-   define your own.
-
-   References to the ID3v1 genres can be made by, as first byte, enter
-   "(" followed by a number from the genres list (appendix A.) and
-   ended with a ")" character. This is optionally followed by a
-   refinement, e.g. "(21)" or "(4)Eurodisco". Several references can be
-   made in the same frame, e.g. "(51)(39)". If the refinement should
-   begin with a "(" character it should be replaced with "((", e.g. "((I
-   can figure out any genre)" or "(55)((I think...)". The following new
-   content types is defined in ID3v2 and is implemented in the same way
-   as the numerig content types, e.g. "(RX)".
-
-     RX  Remix
-     CR  Cover
-
-  TCOP
-   The 'Copyright message' frame, which must begin with a year and a
-   space character (making five characters), is intended for the
-   copyright holder of the original sound, not the audio file itself.
-   The absence of this frame means only that the copyright information
-   is unavailable or has been removed, and must not be interpreted to
-   mean that the sound is public domain. Every time this field is
-   displayed the field must be preceded with "Copyright " (C) " ", where
-   (C) is one character showing a C in a circle.
-
-  TDAT
-   The 'Date' frame is a numeric string in the DDMM format containing
-   the date for the recording. This field is always four characters
-   long.
-
-  TDLY
-   The 'Playlist delay' defines the numbers of milliseconds of silence
-   between every song in a playlist. The player should use the "ETC"
-   frame, if present, to skip initial silence and silence at the end of
-   the audio to match the 'Playlist delay' time. The time is represented
-   as a numeric string.
-
-  TENC
-   The 'Encoded by' frame contains the name of the person or
-   organisation that encoded the audio file. This field may contain a
-   copyright message, if the audio file also is copyrighted by the
-   encoder.
-
-  TEXT
-   The 'Lyricist(s)/Text writer(s)' frame is intended for the writer(s)
-   of the text or lyrics in the recording. They are seperated with the
-   "/" character.
-
-  TFLT
-   The 'File type' frame indicates which type of audio this tag defines.
-   The following type and refinements are defined:
-
-     MPG    MPEG Audio
-       /1     MPEG 1/2 layer I
-       /2     MPEG 1/2 layer II
-       /3     MPEG 1/2 layer III
-       /2.5   MPEG 2.5
-       /AAC   Advanced audio compression
-     VQF    Transform-domain Weighted Interleave Vector Quantization
-     PCM    Pulse Code Modulated audio
-
-   but other types may be used, not for these types though. This is used
-   in a similar way to the predefined types in the "TMED" frame, but
-   without parentheses. If this frame is not present audio type is
-   assumed to be "MPG".
-
-  TIME
-   The 'Time' frame is a numeric string in the HHMM format containing
-   the time for the recording. This field is always four characters
-   long.
-
-  TIT1
-   The 'Content group description' frame is used if the sound belongs to
-   a larger category of sounds/music. For example, classical music is
-   often sorted in different musical sections (e.g. "Piano Concerto",
-   "Weather - Hurricane").
-
-  TIT2
-   The 'Title/Songname/Content description' frame is the actual name of
-   the piece (e.g. "Adagio", "Hurricane Donna").
-
-  TIT3
-   The 'Subtitle/Description refinement' frame is used for information
-   directly related to the contents title (e.g. "Op. 16" or "Performed
-   live at Wembley").
-
-  TKEY
-   The 'Initial key' frame contains the musical key in which the sound
-   starts. It is represented as a string with a maximum length of three
-   characters. The ground keys are represented with "A","B","C","D","E",
-   "F" and "G" and halfkeys represented with "b" and "#". Minor is
-   represented as "m". Example "Cbm". Off key is represented with an "o"
-   only.
-
-  TLAN
-   The 'Language(s)' frame should contain the languages of the text or
-   lyrics spoken or sung in the audio. The language is represented with
-   three characters according to ISO-639-2. If more than one language is
-   used in the text their language codes should follow according to
-   their usage.
-
-  TLEN
-   The 'Length' frame contains the length of the audiofile in
-   milliseconds, represented as a numeric string.
-
-  TMED
-   The 'Media type' frame describes from which media the sound
-   originated. This may be a text string or a reference to the
-   predefined media types found in the list below. References are made
-   within "(" and ")" and are optionally followed by a text refinement,
-   e.g. "(MC) with four channels". If a text refinement should begin
-   with a "(" character it should be replaced with "((" in the same way
-   as in the "TCO" frame. Predefined refinements is appended after the
-   media type, e.g. "(CD/A)" or "(VID/PAL/VHS)".
-
-    DIG    Other digital media
-      /A    Analog transfer from media
-
-    ANA    Other analog media
-      /WAC  Wax cylinder
-      /8CA  8-track tape cassette
-
-    CD     CD
-      /A    Analog transfer from media
-      /DD   DDD
-      /AD   ADD
-      /AA   AAD
-
-    LD     Laserdisc
-      /A     Analog transfer from media
-
-    TT     Turntable records
-      /33    33.33 rpm
-      /45    45 rpm
-      /71    71.29 rpm
-      /76    76.59 rpm
-      /78    78.26 rpm
-      /80    80 rpm
-
-    MD     MiniDisc
-      /A    Analog transfer from media
-
-    DAT    DAT
-      /A    Analog transfer from media
-      /1    standard, 48 kHz/16 bits, linear
-      /2    mode 2, 32 kHz/16 bits, linear
-      /3    mode 3, 32 kHz/12 bits, nonlinear, low speed
-      /4    mode 4, 32 kHz/12 bits, 4 channels
-      /5    mode 5, 44.1 kHz/16 bits, linear
-      /6    mode 6, 44.1 kHz/16 bits, 'wide track' play
-
-    DCC    DCC
-      /A    Analog transfer from media
-
-    DVD    DVD
-      /A    Analog transfer from media
-
-    TV     Television
-      /PAL    PAL
-      /NTSC   NTSC
-      /SECAM  SECAM
-
-    VID    Video
-      /PAL    PAL
-      /NTSC   NTSC
-      /SECAM  SECAM
-      /VHS    VHS
-      /SVHS   S-VHS
-      /BETA   BETAMAX
-
-    RAD    Radio
-      /FM   FM
-      /AM   AM
-      /LW   LW
-      /MW   MW
-
-    TEL    Telephone
-      /I    ISDN
-
-    MC     MC (normal cassette)
-      /4    4.75 cm/s (normal speed for a two sided cassette)
-      /9    9.5 cm/s
-      /I    Type I cassette (ferric/normal)
-      /II   Type II cassette (chrome)
-      /III  Type III cassette (ferric chrome)
-      /IV   Type IV cassette (metal)
-
-    REE    Reel
-      /9    9.5 cm/s
-      /19   19 cm/s
-      /38   38 cm/s
-      /76   76 cm/s
-      /I    Type I cassette (ferric/normal)
-      /II   Type II cassette (chrome)
-      /III  Type III cassette (ferric chrome)
-      /IV   Type IV cassette (metal)
-
-  TOAL
-   The 'Original album/movie/show title' frame is intended for the title
-   of the original recording (or source of sound), if for example the
-   music in the file should be a cover of a previously released song.
-
-  TOFN
-   The 'Original filename' frame contains the preferred filename for the
-   file, since some media doesn't allow the desired length of the
-   filename. The filename is case sensitive and includes its suffix.
-
-  TOLY
-   The 'Original lyricist(s)/text writer(s)' frame is intended for the
-   text writer(s) of the original recording, if for example the music in
-   the file should be a cover of a previously released song. The text
-   writers are seperated with the "/" character.
-
-  TOPE
-   The 'Original artist(s)/performer(s)' frame is intended for the
-   performer(s) of the original recording, if for example the music in
-   the file should be a cover of a previously released song. The
-   performers are seperated with the "/" character.
-
-  TORY
-   The 'Original release year' frame is intended for the year when the
-   original recording, if for example the music in the file should be a
-   cover of a previously released song, was released. The field is
-   formatted as in the "TYER" frame.
-
-  TOWN
-   The 'File owner/licensee' frame contains the name of the owner or
-   licensee of the file and it's contents.
-
-  TPE1
-   The 'Lead artist(s)/Lead performer(s)/Soloist(s)/Performing group' is
-   used for the main artist(s). They are seperated with the "/"
-   character.
-
-  TPE2
-   The 'Band/Orchestra/Accompaniment' frame is used for additional
-   information about the performers in the recording.
-
-  TPE3
-   The 'Conductor' frame is used for the name of the conductor.
-
-  TPE4
-   The 'Interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified by' frame contains
-   more information about the people behind a remix and similar
-   interpretations of another existing piece.
-
-  TPOS
-   The 'Part of a set' frame is a numeric string that describes which
-   part of a set the audio came from. This frame is used if the source
-   described in the "TALB" frame is divided into several mediums, e.g. a
-   double CD. The value may be extended with a "/" character and a
-   numeric string containing the total number of parts in the set. E.g.
-   "1/2".
-
-  TPUB
-   The 'Publisher' frame simply contains the name of the label or
-   publisher.
-
-  TRCK
-   The 'Track number/Position in set' frame is a numeric string
-   containing the order number of the audio-file on its original
-   recording. This may be extended with a "/" character and a numeric
-   string containing the total numer of tracks/elements on the original
-   recording. E.g. "4/9".
-
-  TRDA
-   The 'Recording dates' frame is a intended to be used as complement to
-   the "TYER", "TDAT" and "TIME" frames. E.g. "4th-7th June, 12th June"
-   in combination with the "TYER" frame.
-
-  TRSN
-   The 'Internet radio station name' frame contains the name of the
-   internet radio station from which the audio is streamed.
-
-  TRSO
-   The 'Internet radio station owner' frame contains the name of the
-   owner of the internet radio station from which the audio is
-   streamed.
-
-  TSIZ
-   The 'Size' frame contains the size of the audiofile in bytes,
-   excluding the ID3v2 tag, represented as a numeric string.
-
-  TSRC
-   The 'ISRC' frame should contain the International Standard Recording
-   Code [ISRC] (12 characters).
-
-  TSSE
-   The 'Software/Hardware and settings used for encoding' frame
-   includes the used audio encoder and its settings when the file was
-   encoded. Hardware refers to hardware encoders, not the computer on
-   which a program was run.
-
-  TYER
-   The 'Year' frame is a numeric string with a year of the recording.
-   This frames is always four characters long (until the year 10000).
-
-
-4.2.2.   User defined text information frame
-
-   This frame is intended for one-string text information concerning the
-   audiofile in a similar way to the other "T"-frames. The frame body
-   consists of a description of the string, represented as a terminated
-   string, followed by the actual string. There may be more than one
-   "TXXX" frame in each tag, but only one with the same description.
-
-     <Header for 'User defined text information frame', ID: "TXXX">
-     Text encoding     $xx
-     Description       <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     Value             <text string according to encoding>
-
-
-4.3.   URL link frames
-
-   With these frames dynamic data such as webpages with touring
-   information, price information or plain ordinary news can be added to
-   the tag. There may only be one URL [URL] link frame of its kind in an
-   tag, except when stated otherwise in the frame description. If the
-   textstring is followed by a termination ($00 (00)) all the following
-   information should be ignored and not be displayed. All URL link
-   frame identifiers begins with "W". Only URL link frame identifiers
-   begins with "W". All URL link frames have the following format:
-
-     <Header for 'URL link frame', ID: "W000" - "WZZZ", excluding "WXXX"
-     described in 4.3.2.>
-     URL              <text string>
-
-
-4.3.1.   URL link frames - details
-
-  WCOM
-   The 'Commercial information' frame is a URL pointing at a webpage
-   with information such as where the album can be bought. There may be
-   more than one "WCOM" frame in a tag, but not with the same content.
-
-  WCOP
-   The 'Copyright/Legal information' frame is a URL pointing at a
-   webpage where the terms of use and ownership of the file is
-   described.
-
-  WOAF
-   The 'Official audio file webpage' frame is a URL pointing at a file
-   specific webpage.
-
-  WOAR
-   The 'Official artist/performer webpage' frame is a URL pointing at
-   the artists official webpage. There may be more than one "WOAR" frame
-   in a tag if the audio contains more than one performer, but not with
-   the same content.
-
-  WOAS
-   The 'Official audio source webpage' frame is a URL pointing at the
-   official webpage for the source of the audio file, e.g. a movie.
-
-  WORS
-   The 'Official internet radio station homepage' contains a URL
-   pointing at the homepage of the internet radio station.
-
-  WPAY
-   The 'Payment' frame is a URL pointing at a webpage that will handle
-   the process of paying for this file.
-
-  WPUB
-   The 'Publishers official webpage' frame is a URL pointing at the
-   official wepage for the publisher.
-
-
-4.3.2.   User defined URL link frame
-
-   This frame is intended for URL [URL] links concerning the audiofile
-   in a similar way to the other "W"-frames. The frame body consists
-   of a description of the string, represented as a terminated string,
-   followed by the actual URL. The URL is always encoded with ISO-8859-1
-   [ISO-8859-1]. There may be more than one "WXXX" frame in each tag,
-   but only one with the same description.
-
-     <Header for 'User defined URL link frame', ID: "WXXX">
-     Text encoding     $xx
-     Description       <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     URL               <text string>
-
-
-4.4.   Involved people list
-
-   Since there might be a lot of people contributing to an audio file in
-   various ways, such as musicians and technicians, the 'Text
-   information frames' are often insufficient to list everyone involved
-   in a project. The 'Involved people list' is a frame containing the
-   names of those involved, and how they were involved. The body simply
-   contains a terminated string with the involvement directly followed
-   by a terminated string with the involvee followed by a new
-   involvement and so on. There may only be one "IPLS" frame in each
-   tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Involved people list', ID: "IPLS">
-     Text encoding          $xx
-     People list strings    <text strings according to encoding>
-
-
-4.5.   Music CD identifier
-
-   This frame is intended for music that comes from a CD, so that the CD
-   can be identified in databases such as the CDDB [CDDB]. The frame
-   consists of a binary dump of the Table Of Contents, TOC, from the CD,
-   which is a header of 4 bytes and then 8 bytes/track on the CD plus 8
-   bytes for the 'lead out' making a maximum of 804 bytes. The offset to
-   the beginning of every track on the CD should be described with a
-   four bytes absolute CD-frame address per track, and not with absolute
-   time. This frame requires a present and valid "TRCK" frame, even if
-   the CD's only got one track. There may only be one "MCDI" frame in
-   each tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Music CD identifier', ID: "MCDI">
-     CD TOC                <binary data>
-
-
-4.6.   Event timing codes
-
-   This frame allows synchronisation with key events in a song or sound.
-   The header is:
-
-     <Header for 'Event timing codes', ID: "ETCO">
-     Time stamp format    $xx
-
-   Where time stamp format is:
-
-     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG [MPEG] frames as unit
-     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
-
-   Abolute time means that every stamp contains the time from the
-   beginning of the file.
-
-   Followed by a list of key events in the following format:
-
-     Type of event   $xx
-     Time stamp      $xx (xx ...)
-
-   The 'Time stamp' is set to zero if directly at the beginning of the
-   sound or after the previous event. All events should be sorted in
-   chronological order. The type of event is as follows:
-
-     $00  padding (has no meaning)
-     $01  end of initial silence
-     $02  intro start
-     $03  mainpart start
-     $04  outro start
-     $05  outro end
-     $06  verse start
-     $07  refrain start
-     $08  interlude start
-     $09  theme start
-     $0A  variation start
-     $0B  key change
-     $0C  time change
-     $0D  momentary unwanted noise (Snap, Crackle & Pop)
-     $0E  sustained noise
-     $0F  sustained noise end
-     $10  intro end
-     $11  mainpart end
-     $12  verse end
-     $13  refrain end
-     $14  theme end
-
-     $15-$DF  reserved for future use
-
-     $E0-$EF  not predefined sync 0-F
-
-     $F0-$FC  reserved for future use
-
-     $FD  audio end (start of silence)
-     $FE  audio file ends
-     $FF  one more byte of events follows (all the following bytes with
-          the value $FF have the same function)
-
-   Terminating the start events such as "intro start" is not required.
-   The 'Not predefined sync's ($E0-EF) are for user events. You might
-   want to synchronise your music to something, like setting of an
-   explosion on-stage, turning on your screensaver etc.
-
-   There may only be one "ETCO" frame in each tag.
-
-
-4.7.   MPEG location lookup table
-
-   To increase performance and accuracy of jumps within a MPEG [MPEG]
-   audio file, frames with timecodes in different locations in the file
-   might be useful. The ID3v2 frame includes references that the
-   software can use to calculate positions in the file. After the frame
-   header is a descriptor of how much the 'frame counter' should
-   increase for every reference. If this value is two then the first
-   reference points out the second frame, the 2nd reference the 4th
-   frame, the 3rd reference the 6th frame etc. In a similar way the
-   'bytes between reference' and 'milliseconds between reference' points
-   out bytes and milliseconds respectively.
-
-   Each reference consists of two parts; a certain number of bits, as
-   defined in 'bits for bytes deviation', that describes the difference
-   between what is said in 'bytes between reference' and the reality and
-   a certain number of bits, as defined in 'bits for milliseconds
-   deviation', that describes the difference between what is said in
-   'milliseconds between reference' and the reality. The number of bits
-   in every reference, i.e. 'bits for bytes deviation'+'bits for
-   milliseconds deviation', must be a multiple of four. There may only
-   be one "MLLT" frame in each tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Location lookup table', ID: "MLLT">
-     MPEG frames between reference  $xx xx
-     Bytes between reference        $xx xx xx
-     Milliseconds between reference $xx xx xx
-     Bits for bytes deviation       $xx
-     Bits for milliseconds dev.     $xx
-
-   Then for every reference the following data is included;
-
-     Deviation in bytes         %xxx....
-     Deviation in milliseconds  %xxx....
-
-
-4.8.   Synchronised tempo codes
-
-   For a more accurate description of the tempo of a musical piece this
-   frame might be used. After the header follows one byte describing
-   which time stamp format should be used. Then follows one or more
-   tempo codes. Each tempo code consists of one tempo part and one time
-   part. The tempo is in BPM described with one or two bytes. If the
-   first byte has the value $FF, one more byte follows, which is added
-   to the first giving a range from 2 - 510 BPM, since $00 and $01 is
-   reserved. $00 is used to describe a beat-free time period, which is
-   not the same as a music-free time period. $01 is used to indicate one
-   single beat-stroke followed by a beat-free period.
-
-   The tempo descriptor is followed by a time stamp. Every time the
-   tempo in the music changes, a tempo descriptor may indicate this for
-   the player. All tempo descriptors should be sorted in chronological
-   order. The first beat-stroke in a time-period is at the same time as
-   the beat description occurs. There may only be one "SYTC" frame in
-   each tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Synchronised tempo codes', ID: "SYTC">
-     Time stamp format   $xx
-     Tempo data          <binary data>
-
-   Where time stamp format is:
-
-     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG [MPEG] frames as unit
-     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
-
-   Abolute time means that every stamp contains the time from the
-   beginning of the file.
-
-
-4.9.   Unsychronised lyrics/text transcription
-
-   This frame contains the lyrics of the song or a text transcription of
-   other vocal activities. The head includes an encoding descriptor and
-   a content descriptor. The body consists of the actual text. The
-   'Content descriptor' is a terminated string. If no descriptor is
-   entered, 'Content descriptor' is $00 (00) only. Newline characters
-   are allowed in the text. There may be more than one 'Unsynchronised
-   lyrics/text transcription' frame in each tag, but only one with the
-   same language and content descriptor.
-
-     <Header for 'Unsynchronised lyrics/text transcription', ID: "USLT">
-     Text encoding        $xx
-     Language             $xx xx xx
-     Content descriptor   <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     Lyrics/text          <full text string according to encoding>
-
-
-4.10.   Synchronised lyrics/text
-
-   This is another way of incorporating the words, said or sung lyrics,
-   in the audio file as text, this time, however, in sync with the
-   audio. It might also be used to describing events e.g. occurring on a
-   stage or on the screen in sync with the audio. The header includes a
-   content descriptor, represented with as terminated textstring. If no
-   descriptor is entered, 'Content descriptor' is $00 (00) only.
-
-     <Header for 'Synchronised lyrics/text', ID: "SYLT">
-     Text encoding        $xx
-     Language             $xx xx xx
-     Time stamp format    $xx
-     Content type         $xx
-     Content descriptor   <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-
-
-   Encoding:   $00  ISO-8859-1 [ISO-8859-1] character set is used => $00
-                    is sync identifier.
-               $01  Unicode [UNICODE] character set is used => $00 00 is
-                    sync identifier.
-
-   Content type:   $00 is other
-                   $01 is lyrics
-                   $02 is text transcription
-                   $03 is movement/part name (e.g. "Adagio")
-                   $04 is events (e.g. "Don Quijote enters the stage")
-                   $05 is chord (e.g. "Bb F Fsus")
-                   $06 is trivia/'pop up' information
-
-   Time stamp format is:
-
-     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG [MPEG] frames as unit
-     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
-
-   Abolute time means that every stamp contains the time from the
-   beginning of the file.
-
-   The text that follows the frame header differs from that of the
-   unsynchronised lyrics/text transcription in one major way. Each
-   syllable (or whatever size of text is considered to be convenient by
-   the encoder) is a null terminated string followed by a time stamp
-   denoting where in the sound file it belongs. Each sync thus has the
-   following structure:
-
-     Terminated text to be synced (typically a syllable)
-     Sync identifier (terminator to above string)   $00 (00)
-     Time stamp                                     $xx (xx ...)
-
-   The 'time stamp' is set to zero or the whole sync is omitted if
-   located directly at the beginning of the sound. All time stamps
-   should be sorted in chronological order. The sync can be considered
-   as a validator of the subsequent string.
-
-   Newline ($0A) characters are allowed in all "SYLT" frames and should
-   be used after every entry (name, event etc.) in a frame with the
-   content type $03 - $04.
-
-   A few considerations regarding whitespace characters: Whitespace
-   separating words should mark the beginning of a new word, thus
-   occurring in front of the first syllable of a new word. This is also
-   valid for new line characters. A syllable followed by a comma should
-   not be broken apart with a sync (both the syllable and the comma
-   should be before the sync).
-
-   An example: The "USLT" passage
-
-     "Strangers in the night" $0A "Exchanging glances"
-
-   would be "SYLT" encoded as:
-
-     "Strang" $00 xx xx "ers" $00 xx xx " in" $00 xx xx " the" $00 xx xx
-     " night" $00 xx xx 0A "Ex" $00 xx xx "chang" $00 xx xx "ing" $00 xx
-     xx "glan" $00 xx xx "ces" $00 xx xx
-
-   There may be more than one "SYLT" frame in each tag, but only one
-   with the same language and content descriptor.
-
-
-4.11.   Comments
-
-   This frame is indended for any kind of full text information that
-   does not fit in any other frame. It consists of a frame header
-   followed by encoding, language and content descriptors and is ended
-   with the actual comment as a text string. Newline characters are
-   allowed in the comment text string. There may be more than one
-   comment frame in each tag, but only one with the same language and
-   content descriptor.
-
-     <Header for 'Comment', ID: "COMM">
-     Text encoding          $xx
-     Language               $xx xx xx
-     Short content descrip. <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     The actual text        <full text string according to encoding>
-
-
-4.12.   Relative volume adjustment
-
-   This is a more subjective function than the previous ones. It allows
-   the user to say how much he wants to increase/decrease the volume on
-   each channel while the file is played. The purpose is to be able to
-   align all files to a reference volume, so that you don't have to
-   change the volume constantly. This frame may also be used to balance
-   adjust the audio. If the volume peak levels are known then this could
-   be described with the 'Peak volume right' and 'Peak volume left'
-   field. If Peakvolume is not known these fields could be left zeroed
-   or, if no other data follows, be completely omitted. There may only
-   be one "RVAD" frame in each tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Relative volume adjustment', ID: "RVAD">
-     Increment/decrement           %00xxxxxx
-     Bits used for volume descr.   $xx
-     Relative volume change, right $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Relative volume change, left  $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Peak volume right             $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Peak volume left              $xx xx (xx ...)
-
-   In the increment/decrement field bit 0 is used to indicate the right
-   channel and bit 1 is used to indicate the left channel. 1 is
-   increment and 0 is decrement.
-
-   The 'bits used for volume description' field is normally $10 (16
-   bits) for MPEG 2 layer I, II and III [MPEG] and MPEG 2.5. This value
-   may not be $00. The volume is always represented with whole bytes,
-   padded in the beginning (highest bits) when 'bits used for volume
-   description' is not a multiple of eight.
-
-   This datablock is then optionally followed by a volume definition for
-   the left and right back channels. If this information is appended to
-   the frame the first two channels will be treated as front channels.
-   In the increment/decrement field bit 2 is used to indicate the right
-   back channel and bit 3 for the left back channel.
-
-     Relative volume change, right back $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Relative volume change, left back  $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Peak volume right back             $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Peak volume left back              $xx xx (xx ...)
-
-   If the center channel adjustment is present the following is appended
-   to the existing frame, after the left and right back channels. The
-   center channel is represented by bit 4 in the increase/decrease
-   field.
-
-     Relative volume change, center  $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Peak volume center              $xx xx (xx ...)
-
-   If the bass channel adjustment is present the following is appended
-   to the existing frame, after the center channel. The bass channel is
-   represented by bit 5 in the increase/decrease field.
-
-     Relative volume change, bass  $xx xx (xx ...)
-     Peak volume bass              $xx xx (xx ...)
-
-
-4.13.   Equalisation
-
-   This is another subjective, alignment frame. It allows the user to
-   predefine an equalisation curve within the audio file. There may only
-   be one "EQUA" frame in each tag.
-
-     <Header of 'Equalisation', ID: "EQUA">
-     Adjustment bits    $xx
-
-   The 'adjustment bits' field defines the number of bits used for
-   representation of the adjustment. This is normally $10 (16 bits) for
-   MPEG 2 layer I, II and III [MPEG] and MPEG 2.5. This value may not be
-   $00.
-
-   This is followed by 2 bytes + ('adjustment bits' rounded up to the
-   nearest byte) for every equalisation band in the following format,
-   giving a frequency range of 0 - 32767Hz:
-
-     Increment/decrement   %x (MSB of the Frequency)
-     Frequency             (lower 15 bits)
-     Adjustment            $xx (xx ...)
-
-   The increment/decrement bit is 1 for increment and 0 for decrement.
-   The equalisation bands should be ordered increasingly with reference
-   to frequency. All frequencies don't have to be declared. The
-   equalisation curve in the reading software should be interpolated
-   between the values in this frame. Three equal adjustments for three
-   subsequent frequencies. A frequency should only be described once in
-   the frame.
-
-
-4.14.   Reverb
-
-   Yet another subjective one. You may here adjust echoes of different
-   kinds. Reverb left/right is the delay between every bounce in ms.
-   Reverb bounces left/right is the number of bounces that should be
-   made. $FF equals an infinite number of bounces. Feedback is the
-   amount of volume that should be returned to the next echo bounce. $00
-   is 0%, $FF is 100%. If this value were $7F, there would be 50% volume
-   reduction on the first bounce, 50% of that on the second and so on.
-   Left to left means the sound from the left bounce to be played in the
-   left speaker, while left to right means sound from the left bounce to
-   be played in the right speaker.
-
-   'Premix left to right' is the amount of left sound to be mixed in the
-   right before any reverb is applied, where $00 id 0% and $FF is 100%.
-   'Premix right to left' does the same thing, but right to left.
-   Setting both premix to $FF would result in a mono output (if the
-   reverb is applied symmetric). There may only be one "RVRB" frame in
-   each tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Reverb', ID: "RVRB">
-     Reverb left (ms)                 $xx xx
-     Reverb right (ms)                $xx xx
-     Reverb bounces, left             $xx
-     Reverb bounces, right            $xx
-     Reverb feedback, left to left    $xx
-     Reverb feedback, left to right   $xx
-     Reverb feedback, right to right  $xx
-     Reverb feedback, right to left   $xx
-     Premix left to right             $xx
-     Premix right to left             $xx
-
-
-4.15.   Attached picture
-
-   This frame contains a picture directly related to the audio file.
-   Image format is the MIME type and subtype [MIME] for the image. In
-   the event that the MIME media type name is omitted, "image/" will be
-   implied. The "image/png" [PNG] or "image/jpeg" [JFIF] picture format
-   should be used when interoperability is wanted. Description is a
-   short description of the picture, represented as a terminated
-   textstring. The description has a maximum length of 64 characters,
-   but may be empty. There may be several pictures attached to one file,
-   each in their individual "APIC" frame, but only one with the same
-   content descriptor. There may only be one picture with the picture
-   type declared as picture type $01 and $02 respectively. There is the
-   possibility to put only a link to the image file by using the 'MIME
-   type' "-->" and having a complete URL [URL] instead of picture data.
-   The use of linked files should however be used sparingly since there
-   is the risk of separation of files.
-
-     <Header for 'Attached picture', ID: "APIC">
-     Text encoding      $xx
-     MIME type          <text string> $00
-     Picture type       $xx
-     Description        <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     Picture data       <binary data>
-
-
-   Picture type:  $00  Other
-                  $01  32x32 pixels 'file icon' (PNG only)
-                  $02  Other file icon
-                  $03  Cover (front)
-                  $04  Cover (back)
-                  $05  Leaflet page
-                  $06  Media (e.g. lable side of CD)
-                  $07  Lead artist/lead performer/soloist
-                  $08  Artist/performer
-                  $09  Conductor
-                  $0A  Band/Orchestra
-                  $0B  Composer
-                  $0C  Lyricist/text writer
-                  $0D  Recording Location
-                  $0E  During recording
-                  $0F  During performance
-                  $10  Movie/video screen capture
-                  $11  A bright coloured fish
-                  $12  Illustration
-                  $13  Band/artist logotype
-                  $14  Publisher/Studio logotype
-
-
-4.16.   General encapsulated object
-
-   In this frame any type of file can be encapsulated. After the header,
-   'Frame size' and 'Encoding' follows 'MIME type' [MIME] represented as
-   as a terminated string encoded with ISO 8859-1 [ISO-8859-1]. The
-   filename is case sensitive and is encoded as 'Encoding'. Then follows
-   a content description as terminated string, encoded as 'Encoding'.
-   The last thing in the frame is the actual object. The first two
-   strings may be omitted, leaving only their terminations. MIME type is
-   always an ISO-8859-1 text string. There may be more than one "GEOB"
-   frame in each tag, but only one with the same content descriptor.
-
-     <Header for 'General encapsulated object', ID: "GEOB">
-     Text encoding          $xx
-     MIME type              <text string> $00
-     Filename               <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     Content description    <text string according to enc�ding> $00 (00)
-     Encapsulated object    <binary data>
-
-
-4.17.   Play counter
-
-   This is simply a counter of the number of times a file has been
-   played. The value is increased by one every time the file begins to
-   play. There may only be one "PCNT" frame in each tag. When the
-   counter reaches all one's, one byte is inserted in front of the
-   counter thus making the counter eight bits bigger.  The counter must
-   be at least 32-bits long to begin with.
-
-     <Header for 'Play counter', ID: "PCNT">
-     Counter        $xx xx xx xx (xx ...)
-
-
-4.18.   Popularimeter
-
-   The purpose of this frame is to specify how good an audio file is.
-   Many interesting applications could be found to this frame such as a
-   playlist that features better audiofiles more often than others or it
-   could be used to profile a person's taste and find other 'good' files
-   by comparing people's profiles. The frame is very simple. It contains
-   the email address to the user, one rating byte and a four byte play
-   counter, intended to be increased with one for every time the file is
-   played. The email is a terminated string. The rating is 1-255 where
-   1 is worst and 255 is best. 0 is unknown. If no personal counter is
-   wanted it may be omitted.  When the counter reaches all one's, one
-   byte is inserted in front of the counter thus making the counter
-   eight bits bigger in the same away as the play counter ("PCNT").
-   There may be more than one "POPM" frame in each tag, but only one
-   with the same email address.
-
-     <Header for 'Popularimeter', ID: "POPM">
-     Email to user   <text string> $00
-     Rating          $xx
-     Counter         $xx xx xx xx (xx ...)
-
-
-4.19.   Recommended buffer size
-
-   Sometimes the server from which a audio file is streamed is aware of
-   transmission or coding problems resulting in interruptions in the
-   audio stream. In these cases, the size of the buffer can be
-   recommended by the server using this frame. If the 'embedded info
-   flag' is true (1) then this indicates that an ID3 tag with the
-   maximum size described in 'Buffer size' may occur in the audiostream.
-   In such case the tag should reside between two MPEG [MPEG] frames, if
-   the audio is MPEG encoded. If the position of the next tag is known,
-   'offset to next tag' may be used. The offset is calculated from the
-   end of tag in which this frame resides to the first byte of the
-   header in the next. This field may be omitted. Embedded tags are
-   generally not recommended since this could render unpredictable
-   behaviour from present software/hardware.
-
-   For applications like streaming audio it might be an idea to embed
-   tags into the audio stream though. If the clients connects to
-   individual connections like HTTP and there is a possibility to begin
-   every transmission with a tag, then this tag should include a
-   'recommended buffer size' frame. If the client is connected to a
-   arbitrary point in the stream, such as radio or multicast, then the
-   'recommended buffer size' frame should be included in every tag.
-   Every tag that is picked up after the initial/first tag is to be
-   considered as an update of the previous one. E.g. if there is a
-   "TIT2" frame in the first received tag and one in the second tag,
-   then the first should be 'replaced' with the second.
-
-   The 'Buffer size' should be kept to a minimum. There may only be one
-   "RBUF" frame in each tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Recommended buffer size', ID: "RBUF">
-     Buffer size               $xx xx xx
-     Embedded info flag        %0000000x
-     Offset to next tag        $xx xx xx xx
-
-
-4.20.   Audio encryption
-
-   This frame indicates if the actual audio stream is encrypted, and by
-   whom. Since standardisation of such encrypion scheme is beyond this
-   document, all "AENC" frames begin with a terminated string with a
-   URL containing an email address, or a link to a location where an
-   email address can be found, that belongs to the organisation
-   responsible for this specific encrypted audio file. Questions
-   regarding the encrypted audio should be sent to the email address
-   specified. If a $00 is found directly after the 'Frame size' and the
-   audiofile indeed is encrypted, the whole file may be considered
-   useless.
-
-   After the 'Owner identifier', a pointer to an unencrypted part of the
-   audio can be specified. The 'Preview start' and 'Preview length' is
-   described in frames. If no part is unencrypted, these fields should
-   be left zeroed. After the 'preview length' field follows optionally a
-   datablock required for decryption of the audio. There may be more
-   than one "AENC" frames in a tag, but only one with the same 'Owner
-   identifier'.
-
-     <Header for 'Audio encryption', ID: "AENC">
-     Owner identifier   <text string> $00
-     Preview start      $xx xx
-     Preview length     $xx xx
-     Encryption info    <binary data>
-
-
-4.21.   Linked information
-
-   To keep space waste as low as possible this frame may be used to link
-   information from another ID3v2 tag that might reside in another audio
-   file or alone in a binary file. It is recommended that this method is
-   only used when the files are stored on a CD-ROM or other
-   circumstances when the risk of file seperation is low. The frame
-   contains a frame identifier, which is the frame that should be linked
-   into this tag, a URL [URL] field, where a reference to the file where
-   the frame is given, and additional ID data, if needed. Data should be
-   retrieved from the first tag found in the file to which this link
-   points. There may be more than one "LINK" frame in a tag, but only
-   one with the same contents. A linked frame is to be considered as
-   part of the tag and has the same restrictions as if it was a physical
-   part of the tag (i.e. only one "RVRB" frame allowed, whether it's
-   linked or not).
-
-     <Header for 'Linked information', ID: "LINK">
-     Frame identifier        $xx xx xx
-     URL                     <text string> $00
-     ID and additional data  <text string(s)>
-
-   Frames that may be linked and need no additional data are "IPLS",
-   "MCID", "ETCO", "MLLT", "SYTC", "RVAD", "EQUA", "RVRB", "RBUF", the
-   text information frames and the URL link frames.
-
-   The "TXXX", "APIC", "GEOB" and "AENC" frames may be linked with
-   the content descriptor as additional ID data.
-
-   The "COMM", "SYLT" and "USLT" frames may be linked with three bytes
-   of language descriptor directly followed by a content descriptor as
-   additional ID data.
-
-
-4.22.   Position synchronisation frame
-
-   This frame delivers information to the listener of how far into the
-   audio stream he picked up; in effect, it states the time offset of
-   the first frame in the stream. The frame layout is:
-
-     <Head for 'Position synchronisation', ID: "POSS">
-     Time stamp format         $xx
-     Position                  $xx (xx ...)
-
-   Where time stamp format is:
-
-     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG frames as unit
-     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
-
-   and position is where in the audio the listener starts to receive,
-   i.e. the beginning of the next frame. If this frame is used in the
-   beginning of a file the value is always 0. There may only be one
-   "POSS" frame in each tag.
-
-
-4.23.   Terms of use frame
-
-   This frame contains a brief description of the terms of use and
-   ownership of the file. More detailed information concerning the legal
-   terms might be available through the "WCOP" frame. Newlines are
-   allowed in the text. There may only be one "USER" frame in a tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Terms of use frame', ID: "USER">
-     Text encoding        $xx
-     Language             $xx xx xx
-     The actual text      <text string according to encoding>
-
-
-4.24.   Ownership frame
-
-   The ownership frame might be used as a reminder of a made transaction
-   or, if signed, as proof. Note that the "USER" and "TOWN" frames are
-   good to use in conjunction with this one. The frame begins, after the
-   frame ID, size and encoding fields, with a 'price payed' field. The
-   first three characters of this field contains the currency used for
-   the transaction, encoded according to ISO 4217 [ISO-4217] alphabetic
-   currency code. Concatenated to this is the actual price payed, as a
-   numerical string using "." as the decimal separator. Next is an 8
-   character date string (YYYYMMDD) followed by a string with the name
-   of the seller as the last field in the frame. There may only be one
-   "OWNE" frame in a tag.
-
-     <Header for 'Ownership frame', ID: "OWNE">
-     Text encoding     $xx
-     Price payed       <text string> $00
-     Date of purch.    <text string>
-     Seller            <text string according to encoding>
-
-
-4.25.   Commercial frame
-
-   This frame enables several competing offers in the same tag by
-   bundling all needed information. That makes this frame rather complex
-   but it's an easier solution than if one tries to achieve the same
-   result with several frames. The frame begins, after the frame ID,
-   size and encoding fields, with a price string field. A price is
-   constructed by one three character currency code, encoded according
-   to ISO 4217 [ISO-4217] alphabetic currency code, followed by a
-   numerical value where "." is used as decimal seperator. In the price
-   string several prices may be concatenated, seperated by a "/"
-   character, but there may only be one currency of each type.
-
-   The price string is followed by an 8 character date string in the
-   format YYYYMMDD, describing for how long the price is valid. After
-   that is a contact URL, with which the user can contact the seller,
-   followed by a one byte 'received as' field. It describes how the
-   audio is delivered when bought according to the following list:
-
-        $00  Other
-        $01  Standard CD album with other songs
-        $02  Compressed audio on CD
-        $03  File over the Internet
-        $04  Stream over the Internet
-        $05  As note sheets
-        $06  As note sheets in a book with other sheets
-        $07  Music on other media
-        $08  Non-musical merchandise
-
-   Next follows a terminated string with the name of the seller followed
-   by a terminated string with a short description of the product. The
-   last thing is the ability to include a company logotype. The first of
-   them is the 'Picture MIME type' field containing information about
-   which picture format is used. In the event that the MIME media type
-   name is omitted, "image/" will be implied. Currently only "image/png"
-   and "image/jpeg" are allowed. This format string is followed by the
-   binary picture data. This two last fields may be omitted if no
-   picture is to attach.
-
-     <Header for 'Commercial frame', ID: "COMR">
-     Text encoding      $xx
-     Price string       <text string> $00
-     Valid until        <text string>
-     Contact URL        <text string> $00
-     Received as        $xx
-     Name of seller     <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     Description        <text string according to encoding> $00 (00)
-     Picture MIME type  <string> $00
-     Seller logo        <binary data>
-
-
-4.26.   Encryption method registration
-
-   To identify with which method a frame has been encrypted the
-   encryption method must be registered in the tag with this frame. The
-   'Owner identifier' is a null-terminated string with a URL [URL]
-   containing an email address, or a link to a location where an email
-   address can be found, that belongs to the organisation responsible
-   for this specific encryption method. Questions regarding the
-   encryption method should be sent to the indicated email address. The
-   'Method symbol' contains a value that is associated with this method
-   throughout the whole tag. Values below $80 are reserved. The 'Method
-   symbol' may optionally be followed by encryption specific data. There
-   may be several "ENCR" frames in a tag but only one containing the
-   same symbol and only one containing the same owner identifier. The
-   method must be used somewhere in the tag. See section 3.3.1, flag j
-   for more information.
-
-     <Header for 'Encryption method registration', ID: "ENCR">
-     Owner identifier    <text string> $00
-     Method symbol       $xx
-     Encryption data     <binary data>
-
-
-4.27.   Group identification registration
-
-   This frame enables grouping of otherwise unrelated frames. This can
-   be used when some frames are to be signed. To identify which frames
-   belongs to a set of frames a group identifier must be registered in
-   the tag with this frame. The 'Owner identifier' is a null-terminated
-   string with a URL [URL] containing an email address, or a link to a
-   location where an email address can be found, that belongs to the
-   organisation responsible for this grouping. Questions regarding the
-   grouping should be sent to the indicated email address. The 'Group
-   symbol' contains a value that associates the frame with this group
-   throughout the whole tag. Values below $80 are reserved. The 'Group
-   symbol' may optionally be followed by some group specific data, e.g.
-   a digital signature. There may be several "GRID" frames in a tag but
-   only one containing the same symbol and only one containing the same
-   owner identifier. The group symbol must be used somewhere in the tag.
-   See section 3.3.1, flag j for more information.
-
-     <Header for 'Group ID registration', ID: "GRID">
-     Owner identifier      <text string> $00
-     Group symbol          $xx
-	 Group dependent data  <binary data>
-
-
-4.28.   Private frame
-
-   This frame is used to contain information from a software producer
-   that its program uses and does not fit into the other frames. The
-   frame consists of an 'Owner identifier' string and the binary data.
-   The 'Owner identifier' is a null-terminated string with a URL [URL]
-   containing an email address, or a link to a location where an email
-   address can be found, that belongs to the organisation responsible
-   for the frame. Questions regarding the frame should be sent to the
-   indicated email address. The tag may contain more than one "PRIV"
-   frame but only with different contents. It is recommended to keep the
-   number of "PRIV" frames as low as possible.
-
-     <Header for 'Private frame', ID: "PRIV">
-     Owner identifier      <text string> $00
-	 The private data      <binary data>
-
-
-5.   The 'unsynchronisation scheme'
-
-   The only purpose of the 'unsynchronisation scheme' is to make the
-   ID3v2 tag as compatible as possible with existing software. There is
-   no use in 'unsynchronising' tags if the file is only to be processed
-   by new software. Unsynchronisation may only be made with MPEG 2 layer
-   I, II and III and MPEG 2.5 files.
-
-   Whenever a false synchronisation is found within the tag, one zeroed
-   byte is inserted after the first false synchronisation byte. The
-   format of a correct sync that should be altered by ID3 encoders is as
-   follows:
-
-         %11111111 111xxxxx
-
-   And should be replaced with:
-
-         %11111111 00000000 111xxxxx
-
-   This has the side effect that all $FF 00 combinations have to be
-   altered, so they won't be affected by the decoding process. Therefore
-   all the $FF 00 combinations have to be replaced with the $FF 00 00
-   combination during the unsynchronisation.
-
-   To indicate usage of the unsynchronisation, the first bit in 'ID3
-   flags' should be set. This bit should only be set if the tag
-   contains a, now corrected, false synchronisation. The bit should
-   only be clear if the tag does not contain any false synchronisations.
-
-   Do bear in mind, that if a compression scheme is used by the encoder,
-   the unsynchronisation scheme should be applied *afterwards*. When
-   decoding a compressed, 'unsynchronised' file, the 'unsynchronisation
-   scheme' should be parsed first, decompression afterwards.
-
-   If the last byte in the tag is $FF, and there is a need to eliminate
-   false synchronisations in the tag, at least one byte of padding
-   should be added.
-
-
-6.   Copyright
-
-   Copyright (C) Martin Nilsson 1998. All Rights Reserved.
-
-   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
-   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
-   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
-   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
-   kind, provided that a reference to this document is included on all
-   such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may
-   not be modified in any way and reissued as the original document.
-
-   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
-   revoked.
-
-   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
-   "AS IS" basis and THE AUTHORS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
-   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
-   THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
-   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
-
-7.   References
-
-   [CDDB] Compact Disc Data Base
-
-      http://www.cddb.com
-
-   [ID3v2] Martin Nilsson, "ID3v2 informal standard".
-
-      http://www.id3lib.org/id3/id3v2-00.txt
-
-   [ISO-639-2] ISO/FDIS 639-2.
-   Codes for the representation of names of languages, Part 2: Alpha-3
-   code. Technical committee / subcommittee: TC 37 / SC 2
-
-   [ISO-4217] ISO 4217:1995.
-   Codes for the representation of currencies and funds.
-   Technical committee / subcommittee: TC 68
-
-   [ISO-8859-1] ISO/IEC DIS 8859-1.
-   8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin
-   alphabet No. 1. Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 2
-
-   [ISRC] ISO 3901:1986
-   International Standard Recording Code (ISRC).
-   Technical committee / subcommittee: TC 46 / SC 9
-
-   [JFIF] JPEG File Interchange Format, version 1.02
-
-      http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/jfif.txt">http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/jfif.txt
-
-   [MIME] Freed, N.  and N. Borenstein,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail
-   Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies",
-   RFC 2045, November 1996.
-
-      ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2045.txt">ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2045.txt
-
-   [MPEG] ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993.
-   Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage
-   media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s, Part 3: Audio.
-   Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 29
-    and
-   ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995
-   Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information,
-   Part 3: Audio.
-   Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 29
-    and
-   ISO/IEC DIS 13818-3
-   Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information,
-   Part 3: Audio (Revision of ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995)
-
-
-   [PNG] Portable Network Graphics, version 1.0
-
-      http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-png-multi.html
-
-   [UNICODE] ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993.
-   Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS), Part 1:
-   Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.
-   Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 2
-
-      http://www.unicode.org/
-
-   [URL] T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter & M. McCahill, "Uniform Resource
-   Locators (URL).", RFC 1738, December 1994.
-
-      ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1738.txt
-
-   [ZLIB] P. Deutsch, Aladdin Enterprises & J-L. Gailly, "ZLIB
-   Compressed
-   Data Format Specification version 3.3", RFC 1950, May 1996.
-
-      ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1950.txt
-
-
-8.   Appendix
-
-
-A.   Appendix A - Genre List from ID3v1
-
-   The following genres is defined in ID3v1
-
-      0.Blues
-      1.Classic Rock
-      2.Country
-      3.Dance
-      4.Disco
-      5.Funk
-      6.Grunge
-      7.Hip-Hop
-      8.Jazz
-      9.Metal
-     10.New Age
-     11.Oldies
-     12.Other
-     13.Pop
-     14.R&B
-     15.Rap
-     16.Reggae
-     17.Rock
-     18.Techno
-     19.Industrial
-     20.Alternative
-     21.Ska
-     22.Death Metal
-     23.Pranks
-     24.Soundtrack
-     25.Euro-Techno
-     26.Ambient
-     27.Trip-Hop
-     28.Vocal
-     29.Jazz+Funk
-     30.Fusion
-     31.Trance
-     32.Classical
-     33.Instrumental
-     34.Acid
-     35.House
-     36.Game
-     37.Sound Clip
-     38.Gospel
-     39.Noise
-     40.AlternRock
-     41.Bass
-     42.Soul
-     43.Punk
-     44.Space
-     45.Meditative
-     46.Instrumental Pop
-     47.Instrumental Rock
-     48.Ethnic
-     49.Gothic
-     50.Darkwave
-     51.Techno-Industrial
-     52.Electronic
-     53.Pop-Folk
-     54.Eurodance
-     55.Dream
-     56.Southern Rock
-     57.Comedy
-     58.Cult
-     59.Gangsta
-     60.Top 40
-     61.Christian Rap
-     62.Pop/Funk
-     63.Jungle
-     64.Native American
-     65.Cabaret
-     66.New Wave
-     67.Psychadelic
-     68.Rave
-     69.Showtunes
-     70.Trailer
-     71.Lo-Fi
-     72.Tribal
-     73.Acid Punk
-     74.Acid Jazz
-     75.Polka
-     76.Retro
-     77.Musical
-     78.Rock & Roll
-     79.Hard Rock
-
-   The following genres are Winamp extensions
-
-     80.Folk
-     81.Folk-Rock
-     82.National Folk
-     83.Swing
-     84.Fast Fusion
-     85.Bebob
-     86.Latin
-     87.Revival
-     88.Celtic
-     89.Bluegrass
-     90.Avantgarde
-     91.Gothic Rock
-     92.Progressive Rock
-     93.Psychedelic Rock
-     94.Symphonic Rock
-     95.Slow Rock
-     96.Big Band
-     97.Chorus
-     98.Easy Listening
-     99.Acoustic
-    100.Humour
-    101.Speech
-    102.Chanson
-    103.Opera
-    104.Chamber Music
-    105.Sonata
-    106.Symphony
-    107.Booty Bass
-    108.Primus
-    109.Porn Groove
-    110.Satire
-    111.Slow Jam
-    112.Club
-    113.Tango
-    114.Samba
-    115.Folklore
-    116.Ballad
-    117.Power Ballad
-    118.Rhythmic Soul
-    119.Freestyle
-    120.Duet
-    121.Punk Rock
-    122.Drum Solo
-    123.Acapella
-    124.Euro-House
-    125.Dance Hall
-
-
-9.   Author's Address
-
-   Written by
-
-     Martin Nilsson
-     Rydsv�gen 246 C. 30
-     S-584 34 Link�ping
-     Sweden
-
-     Email: nilsson@id3.org
-
-
-   Edited by
-
-     Dirk Mahoney
-     57 Pechey Street
-     Chermside Q
-     Australia 4032
-
-     Email: dirk@id3.org
-
-
-     Johan Sundstr�m
-     Als�ttersgatan 5 A. 34
-     S-584 35 Link�ping
-     Sweden
-
-     Email: johan@id3.org