grpc 1.73.0 → 1.75.0

data/third_party/cares/cares/src/lib/ares_hosts_file.c

@@ -0,0 +1,952 @@
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Brad House
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
+ * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
+ * Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+#include "ares_private.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+#  include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+#  include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
+#  include <netinet/in.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
+#  include <netdb.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
+#  include <arpa/inet.h>
+#endif
+#include <time.h>
+
+/* HOSTS FILE PROCESSING OVERVIEW
+ * ==============================
+ * The hosts file on the system contains static entries to be processed locally
+ * rather than querying the nameserver.  Each row is an IP address followed by
+ * a list of space delimited hostnames that match the ip address.  This is used
+ * for both forward and reverse lookups.
+ *
+ * We are caching the entire parsed hosts file for performance reasons.  Some
+ * files may be quite sizable and as per Issue #458 can approach 1/2MB in size,
+ * and the parse overhead on a rapid succession of queries can be quite large.
+ * The entries are stored in forwards and backwards hashtables so we can get
+ * O(1) performance on lookup.  The file is cached until the file modification
+ * timestamp changes.
+ *
+ * The hosts file processing is quite unique. It has to merge all related hosts
+ * and ips into a single entry due to file formatting requirements.  For
+ * instance take the below:
+ *
+ * 127.0.0.1    localhost.localdomain localhost
+ * ::1          localhost.localdomain localhost
+ * 192.168.1.1  host.example.com host
+ * 192.168.1.5  host.example.com host
+ * 2620:1234::1 host.example.com host6.example.com host6 host
+ *
+ * This will yield 2 entries.
+ *  1) ips: 127.0.0.1,::1
+ *     hosts: localhost.localdomain,localhost
+ *  2) ips: 192.168.1.1,192.168.1.5,2620:1234::1
+ *     hosts: host.example.com,host,host6.example.com,host6
+ *
+ * It could be argued that if searching for 192.168.1.1 that the 'host6'
+ * hostnames should not be returned, but this implementation will return them
+ * since they are related.  It is unlikely this will matter in the real world.
+ */
+
+struct ares_hosts_file {
+  time_t               ts;
+  /*! cache the filename so we know if the filename changes it automatically
+   *  invalidates the cache */
+  char                *filename;
+  /*! iphash is the owner of the 'entry' object as there is only ever a single
+   *  match to the object. */
+  ares_htable_strvp_t *iphash;
+  /*! hosthash does not own the entry so won't free on destruction */
+  ares_htable_strvp_t *hosthash;
+};
+
+struct ares_hosts_entry {
+  size_t        refcnt; /*! If the entry is stored multiple times in the
+                         *  ip address hash, we have to reference count it */
+  ares_llist_t *ips;
+  ares_llist_t *hosts;
+};
+
+const void *ares_dns_pton(const char *ipaddr, struct ares_addr *addr,
+                          size_t *out_len)
+{
+  const void *ptr     = NULL;
+  size_t      ptr_len = 0;
+
+  if (ipaddr == NULL || addr == NULL || out_len == NULL) {
+    return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
+
+  *out_len = 0;
+
+  if (addr->family == AF_INET &&
+      ares_inet_pton(AF_INET, ipaddr, &addr->addr.addr4) > 0) {
+    ptr     = &addr->addr.addr4;
+    ptr_len = sizeof(addr->addr.addr4);
+  } else if (addr->family == AF_INET6 &&
+             ares_inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipaddr, &addr->addr.addr6) > 0) {
+    ptr     = &addr->addr.addr6;
+    ptr_len = sizeof(addr->addr.addr6);
+  } else if (addr->family == AF_UNSPEC) {
+    if (ares_inet_pton(AF_INET, ipaddr, &addr->addr.addr4) > 0) {
+      addr->family = AF_INET;
+      ptr          = &addr->addr.addr4;
+      ptr_len      = sizeof(addr->addr.addr4);
+    } else if (ares_inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipaddr, &addr->addr.addr6) > 0) {
+      addr->family = AF_INET6;
+      ptr          = &addr->addr.addr6;
+      ptr_len      = sizeof(addr->addr.addr6);
+    }
+  }
+
+  *out_len = ptr_len;
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+static ares_bool_t ares_normalize_ipaddr(const char *ipaddr, char *out,
+                                         size_t out_len)
+{
+  struct ares_addr data;
+  const void      *addr;
+  size_t           addr_len = 0;
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+  data.family = AF_UNSPEC;
+
+  addr = ares_dns_pton(ipaddr, &data, &addr_len);
+  if (addr == NULL) {
+    return ARES_FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (!ares_inet_ntop(data.family, addr, out, (ares_socklen_t)out_len)) {
+    return ARES_FALSE; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
+
+  return ARES_TRUE;
+}
+
+static void ares_hosts_entry_destroy(ares_hosts_entry_t *entry)
+{
+  if (entry == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Honor reference counting */
+  if (entry->refcnt != 0) {
+    entry->refcnt--;
+  }
+
+  if (entry->refcnt > 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ares_llist_destroy(entry->hosts);
+  ares_llist_destroy(entry->ips);
+  ares_free(entry);
+}
+
+static void ares_hosts_entry_destroy_cb(void *entry)
+{
+  ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+}
+
+void ares_hosts_file_destroy(ares_hosts_file_t *hf)
+{
+  if (hf == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ares_free(hf->filename);
+  ares_htable_strvp_destroy(hf->hosthash);
+  ares_htable_strvp_destroy(hf->iphash);
+  ares_free(hf);
+}
+
+static ares_hosts_file_t *ares_hosts_file_create(const char *filename)
+{
+  ares_hosts_file_t *hf = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*hf));
+  if (hf == NULL) {
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  hf->ts = time(NULL);
+
+  hf->filename = ares_strdup(filename);
+  if (hf->filename == NULL) {
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  hf->iphash = ares_htable_strvp_create(ares_hosts_entry_destroy_cb);
+  if (hf->iphash == NULL) {
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  hf->hosthash = ares_htable_strvp_create(NULL);
+  if (hf->hosthash == NULL) {
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  return hf;
+
+fail:
+  ares_hosts_file_destroy(hf);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+typedef enum {
+  ARES_MATCH_NONE   = 0,
+  ARES_MATCH_IPADDR = 1,
+  ARES_MATCH_HOST   = 2
+} ares_hosts_file_match_t;
+
+static ares_status_t ares_hosts_file_merge_entry(
+  const ares_hosts_file_t *hf, ares_hosts_entry_t *existing,
+  ares_hosts_entry_t *entry, ares_hosts_file_match_t matchtype)
+{
+  ares_llist_node_t *node;
+
+  /* If we matched on IP address, we know there can only be 1, so there's no
+   * reason to do anything */
+  if (matchtype != ARES_MATCH_IPADDR) {
+    while ((node = ares_llist_node_first(entry->ips)) != NULL) {
+      const char *ipaddr = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+
+      if (ares_htable_strvp_get_direct(hf->iphash, ipaddr) != NULL) {
+        ares_llist_node_destroy(node);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      ares_llist_node_mvparent_last(node, existing->ips);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  while ((node = ares_llist_node_first(entry->hosts)) != NULL) {
+    const char *hostname = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+
+    if (ares_htable_strvp_get_direct(hf->hosthash, hostname) != NULL) {
+      ares_llist_node_destroy(node);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    ares_llist_node_mvparent_last(node, existing->hosts);
+  }
+
+  ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ares_hosts_file_match_t
+  ares_hosts_file_match(const ares_hosts_file_t *hf, ares_hosts_entry_t *entry,
+                        ares_hosts_entry_t **match)
+{
+  ares_llist_node_t *node;
+  *match = NULL;
+
+  for (node = ares_llist_node_first(entry->ips); node != NULL;
+       node = ares_llist_node_next(node)) {
+    const char *ipaddr = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+    *match             = ares_htable_strvp_get_direct(hf->iphash, ipaddr);
+    if (*match != NULL) {
+      return ARES_MATCH_IPADDR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (node = ares_llist_node_first(entry->hosts); node != NULL;
+       node = ares_llist_node_next(node)) {
+    const char *host = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+    *match           = ares_htable_strvp_get_direct(hf->hosthash, host);
+    if (*match != NULL) {
+      return ARES_MATCH_HOST;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ARES_MATCH_NONE;
+}
+
+/*! entry is invalidated upon calling this function, always, even on error */
+static ares_status_t ares_hosts_file_add(ares_hosts_file_t  *hosts,
+                                         ares_hosts_entry_t *entry)
+{
+  ares_hosts_entry_t     *match  = NULL;
+  ares_status_t           status = ARES_SUCCESS;
+  ares_llist_node_t      *node;
+  ares_hosts_file_match_t matchtype;
+  size_t                  num_hostnames;
+
+  /* Record the number of hostnames in this entry file.  If we merge into an
+   * existing record, these will be *appended* to the entry, so we'll count
+   * backwards when adding to the hosts hashtable */
+  num_hostnames = ares_llist_len(entry->hosts);
+
+  matchtype = ares_hosts_file_match(hosts, entry, &match);
+
+  if (matchtype != ARES_MATCH_NONE) {
+    status = ares_hosts_file_merge_entry(hosts, match, entry, matchtype);
+    if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry); /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+      return status;                   /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+    }
+    /* entry was invalidated above by merging */
+    entry = match;
+  }
+
+  if (matchtype != ARES_MATCH_IPADDR) {
+    const char *ipaddr = ares_llist_last_val(entry->ips);
+
+    if (!ares_htable_strvp_get(hosts->iphash, ipaddr, NULL)) {
+      if (!ares_htable_strvp_insert(hosts->iphash, ipaddr, entry)) {
+        ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+        return ARES_ENOMEM;
+      }
+      entry->refcnt++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Go backwards, on a merge, hostnames are appended.  Breakout once we've
+   * consumed all the hosts that we appended */
+  for (node = ares_llist_node_last(entry->hosts); node != NULL;
+       node = ares_llist_node_prev(node)) {
+    const char *val = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+
+    if (num_hostnames == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    num_hostnames--;
+
+    /* first hostname match wins.  If we detect a duplicate hostname for another
+     * ip it will automatically be added to the same entry */
+    if (ares_htable_strvp_get(hosts->hosthash, val, NULL)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!ares_htable_strvp_insert(hosts->hosthash, val, entry)) {
+      return ARES_ENOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ares_bool_t ares_hosts_entry_isdup(ares_hosts_entry_t *entry,
+                                          const char         *host)
+{
+  ares_llist_node_t *node;
+
+  for (node = ares_llist_node_first(entry->ips); node != NULL;
+       node = ares_llist_node_next(node)) {
+    const char *myhost = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+    if (ares_strcaseeq(myhost, host)) {
+      return ARES_TRUE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ARES_FALSE;
+}
+
+static ares_status_t ares_parse_hosts_hostnames(ares_buf_t         *buf,
+                                                ares_hosts_entry_t *entry)
+{
+  entry->hosts = ares_llist_create(ares_free);
+  if (entry->hosts == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  /* Parse hostnames and aliases */
+  while (ares_buf_len(buf)) {
+    char          hostname[256];
+    char         *temp;
+    ares_status_t status;
+    unsigned char comment = '#';
+
+    ares_buf_consume_whitespace(buf, ARES_FALSE);
+
+    if (ares_buf_len(buf) == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* See if it is a comment, if so stop processing */
+    if (ares_buf_begins_with(buf, &comment, 1)) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ares_buf_tag(buf);
+
+    /* Must be at end of line */
+    if (ares_buf_consume_nonwhitespace(buf) == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    status = ares_buf_tag_fetch_string(buf, hostname, sizeof(hostname));
+    if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      /* Bad entry, just ignore as long as its not the first.  If its the first,
+       * it must be valid */
+      if (ares_llist_len(entry->hosts) == 0) {
+        return ARES_EBADSTR;
+      }
+
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Validate it is a valid hostname characterset */
+    if (!ares_is_hostname(hostname)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Don't add a duplicate to the same entry */
+    if (ares_hosts_entry_isdup(entry, hostname)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Add to list */
+    temp = ares_strdup(hostname);
+    if (temp == NULL) {
+      return ARES_ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    if (ares_llist_insert_last(entry->hosts, temp) == NULL) {
+      ares_free(temp);
+      return ARES_ENOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Must have at least 1 entry */
+  if (ares_llist_len(entry->hosts) == 0) {
+    return ARES_EBADSTR;
+  }
+
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ares_status_t ares_parse_hosts_ipaddr(ares_buf_t          *buf,
+                                             ares_hosts_entry_t **entry_out)
+{
+  char                addr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+  char               *temp;
+  ares_hosts_entry_t *entry = NULL;
+  ares_status_t       status;
+
+  *entry_out = NULL;
+
+  ares_buf_tag(buf);
+  ares_buf_consume_nonwhitespace(buf);
+  status = ares_buf_tag_fetch_string(buf, addr, sizeof(addr));
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  /* Validate and normalize the ip address format */
+  if (!ares_normalize_ipaddr(addr, addr, sizeof(addr))) {
+    return ARES_EBADSTR;
+  }
+
+  entry = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*entry));
+  if (entry == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  entry->ips = ares_llist_create(ares_free);
+  if (entry->ips == NULL) {
+    ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+    return ARES_ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  temp = ares_strdup(addr);
+  if (temp == NULL) {
+    ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+    return ARES_ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  if (ares_llist_insert_first(entry->ips, temp) == NULL) {
+    ares_free(temp);
+    ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+    return ARES_ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  *entry_out = entry;
+
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ares_status_t ares_parse_hosts(const char         *filename,
+                                      ares_hosts_file_t **out)
+{
+  ares_buf_t         *buf    = NULL;
+  ares_status_t       status = ARES_EBADRESP;
+  ares_hosts_file_t  *hf     = NULL;
+  ares_hosts_entry_t *entry  = NULL;
+
+  *out = NULL;
+
+  buf = ares_buf_create();
+  if (buf == NULL) {
+    status = ARES_ENOMEM;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  status = ares_buf_load_file(filename, buf);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  hf = ares_hosts_file_create(filename);
+  if (hf == NULL) {
+    status = ARES_ENOMEM;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  while (ares_buf_len(buf)) {
+    unsigned char comment = '#';
+
+    /* -- Start of new line here -- */
+
+    /* Consume any leading whitespace */
+    ares_buf_consume_whitespace(buf, ARES_FALSE);
+
+    if (ares_buf_len(buf) == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* See if it is a comment, if so, consume remaining line */
+    if (ares_buf_begins_with(buf, &comment, 1)) {
+      ares_buf_consume_line(buf, ARES_TRUE);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Pull off ip address */
+    status = ares_parse_hosts_ipaddr(buf, &entry);
+    if (status == ARES_ENOMEM) {
+      goto done;
+    }
+    if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      /* Bad line, consume and go onto next */
+      ares_buf_consume_line(buf, ARES_TRUE);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Parse of the hostnames */
+    status = ares_parse_hosts_hostnames(buf, entry);
+    if (status == ARES_ENOMEM) {
+      goto done;
+    } else if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      /* Bad line, consume and go onto next */
+      ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+      entry = NULL;
+      ares_buf_consume_line(buf, ARES_TRUE);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Append the successful entry to the hosts file */
+    status = ares_hosts_file_add(hf, entry);
+    entry  = NULL; /* is always invalidated by this function, even on error */
+    if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Go to next line */
+    ares_buf_consume_line(buf, ARES_TRUE);
+  }
+
+  status = ARES_SUCCESS;
+
+done:
+  ares_hosts_entry_destroy(entry);
+  ares_buf_destroy(buf);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    ares_hosts_file_destroy(hf);
+  } else {
+    *out = hf;
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+static ares_bool_t ares_hosts_expired(const char              *filename,
+                                      const ares_hosts_file_t *hf)
+{
+  time_t mod_ts = 0;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_STAT
+  struct stat st;
+  if (stat(filename, &st) == 0) {
+    mod_ts = st.st_mtime;
+  }
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  struct _stat st;
+  if (_stat(filename, &st) == 0) {
+    mod_ts = st.st_mtime;
+  }
+#else
+  (void)filename;
+#endif
+
+  if (hf == NULL) {
+    return ARES_TRUE;
+  }
+
+  /* Expire every 60s if we can't get a time */
+  if (mod_ts == 0) {
+    mod_ts =
+      time(NULL) - 60; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: only on systems without stat() */
+  }
+
+  /* If filenames are different, its expired */
+  if (!ares_strcaseeq(hf->filename, filename)) {
+    return ARES_TRUE;
+  }
+
+  if (hf->ts <= mod_ts) {
+    return ARES_TRUE;
+  }
+
+  return ARES_FALSE;
+}
+
+static ares_status_t ares_hosts_path(const ares_channel_t *channel,
+                                     ares_bool_t use_env, char **path)
+{
+  char *path_hosts = NULL;
+
+  *path = NULL;
+
+  if (channel->hosts_path) {
+    path_hosts = ares_strdup(channel->hosts_path);
+    if (!path_hosts) {
+      return ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (use_env) {
+    if (path_hosts) {
+      ares_free(path_hosts);
+    }
+
+    path_hosts = ares_strdup(getenv("CARES_HOSTS"));
+    if (!path_hosts) {
+      return ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!path_hosts) {
+#if defined(USE_WINSOCK)
+    char  PATH_HOSTS[MAX_PATH] = "";
+    char  tmp[MAX_PATH];
+    HKEY  hkeyHosts;
+    DWORD dwLength = sizeof(tmp);
+    if (RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, WIN_NS_NT_KEY, 0, KEY_READ,
+                      &hkeyHosts) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+      return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+    }
+    RegQueryValueExA(hkeyHosts, DATABASEPATH, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)tmp,
+                     &dwLength);
+    ExpandEnvironmentStringsA(tmp, PATH_HOSTS, MAX_PATH);
+    RegCloseKey(hkeyHosts);
+    strcat(PATH_HOSTS, WIN_PATH_HOSTS);
+#elif defined(WATT32)
+    const char *PATH_HOSTS = _w32_GetHostsFile();
+
+    if (!PATH_HOSTS) {
+      return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+    }
+#endif
+    path_hosts = ares_strdup(PATH_HOSTS);
+    if (!path_hosts) {
+      return ARES_ENOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *path = path_hosts;
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ares_status_t ares_hosts_update(ares_channel_t *channel,
+                                       ares_bool_t     use_env)
+{
+  ares_status_t status;
+  char         *filename = NULL;
+
+  status = ares_hosts_path(channel, use_env, &filename);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  if (!ares_hosts_expired(filename, channel->hf)) {
+    ares_free(filename);
+    return ARES_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  ares_hosts_file_destroy(channel->hf);
+  channel->hf = NULL;
+
+  status = ares_parse_hosts(filename, &channel->hf);
+  ares_free(filename);
+  return status;
+}
+
+ares_status_t ares_hosts_search_ipaddr(ares_channel_t *channel,
+                                       ares_bool_t use_env, const char *ipaddr,
+                                       const ares_hosts_entry_t **entry)
+{
+  ares_status_t status;
+  char          addr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+
+  *entry = NULL;
+
+  status = ares_hosts_update(channel, use_env);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  if (channel->hf == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOTFOUND; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
+
+  if (!ares_normalize_ipaddr(ipaddr, addr, sizeof(addr))) {
+    return ARES_EBADNAME;
+  }
+
+  *entry = ares_htable_strvp_get_direct(channel->hf->iphash, addr);
+  if (*entry == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+  }
+
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ares_status_t ares_hosts_search_host(ares_channel_t *channel,
+                                     ares_bool_t use_env, const char *host,
+                                     const ares_hosts_entry_t **entry)
+{
+  ares_status_t status;
+
+  *entry = NULL;
+
+  status = ares_hosts_update(channel, use_env);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  if (channel->hf == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOTFOUND; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
+
+  *entry = ares_htable_strvp_get_direct(channel->hf->hosthash, host);
+  if (*entry == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+  }
+
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ares_status_t
+  ares_hosts_ai_append_cnames(const ares_hosts_entry_t    *entry,
+                              struct ares_addrinfo_cname **cnames_out)
+{
+  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *cname  = NULL;
+  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *cnames = NULL;
+  const char                 *primaryhost;
+  ares_llist_node_t          *node;
+  ares_status_t               status;
+  size_t                      cnt = 0;
+
+  node        = ares_llist_node_first(entry->hosts);
+  primaryhost = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+  /* Skip to next node to start with aliases */
+  node = ares_llist_node_next(node);
+
+  while (node != NULL) {
+    const char *host = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+
+    /* Cap at 100 entries. , some people use
+     * https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts and we don't need 200k+ aliases */
+    cnt++;
+    if (cnt > 100) {
+      break; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+    }
+
+    cname = ares_append_addrinfo_cname(&cnames);
+    if (cname == NULL) {
+      status = ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      goto done;            /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+
+    cname->alias = ares_strdup(host);
+    if (cname->alias == NULL) {
+      status = ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      goto done;            /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+
+    cname->name = ares_strdup(primaryhost);
+    if (cname->name == NULL) {
+      status = ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      goto done;            /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+
+    node = ares_llist_node_next(node);
+  }
+
+  /* No entries, add only primary */
+  if (cnames == NULL) {
+    cname = ares_append_addrinfo_cname(&cnames);
+    if (cname == NULL) {
+      status = ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      goto done;            /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+
+    cname->name = ares_strdup(primaryhost);
+    if (cname->name == NULL) {
+      status = ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      goto done;            /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+  }
+  status = ARES_SUCCESS;
+
+done:
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    ares_freeaddrinfo_cnames(cnames); /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+    return status;                    /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
+
+  *cnames_out = cnames;
+  return ARES_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ares_status_t ares_hosts_entry_to_addrinfo(const ares_hosts_entry_t *entry,
+                                           const char *name, int family,
+                                           unsigned short        port,
+                                           ares_bool_t           want_cnames,
+                                           struct ares_addrinfo *ai)
+{
+  ares_status_t               status  = ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *cnames  = NULL;
+  struct ares_addrinfo_node  *ainodes = NULL;
+  ares_llist_node_t          *node;
+
+  switch (family) {
+    case AF_INET:
+    case AF_INET6:
+    case AF_UNSPEC:
+      break;
+    default:                  /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+      return ARES_EBADFAMILY; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
+
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    ares_free(ai->name);
+    ai->name = ares_strdup(name);
+    if (ai->name == NULL) {
+      status = ARES_ENOMEM; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      goto done;            /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (node = ares_llist_node_first(entry->ips); node != NULL;
+       node = ares_llist_node_next(node)) {
+    struct ares_addr addr;
+    const void      *ptr     = NULL;
+    size_t           ptr_len = 0;
+    const char      *ipaddr  = ares_llist_node_val(node);
+
+    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+    addr.family = family;
+    ptr         = ares_dns_pton(ipaddr, &addr, &ptr_len);
+
+    if (ptr == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    status = ares_append_ai_node(addr.family, port, 0, ptr, &ainodes);
+    if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      goto done; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Might be ARES_ENOTFOUND here if no ips matched requested address family */
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  if (want_cnames) {
+    status = ares_hosts_ai_append_cnames(entry, &cnames);
+    if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+      goto done; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+    }
+  }
+
+  status = ARES_SUCCESS;
+
+done:
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    /* LCOV_EXCL_START: defensive coding */
+    ares_freeaddrinfo_cnames(cnames);
+    ares_freeaddrinfo_nodes(ainodes);
+    ares_free(ai->name);
+    ai->name = NULL;
+    return status;
+    /* LCOV_EXCL_STOP */
+  }
+  ares_addrinfo_cat_cnames(&ai->cnames, cnames);
+  ares_addrinfo_cat_nodes(&ai->nodes, ainodes);
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+ares_status_t ares_hosts_entry_to_hostent(const ares_hosts_entry_t *entry,
+                                          int family, struct hostent **hostent)
+{
+  ares_status_t         status;
+  struct ares_addrinfo *ai = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*ai));
+
+  *hostent = NULL;
+
+  if (ai == NULL) {
+    return ARES_ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  status = ares_hosts_entry_to_addrinfo(entry, NULL, family, 0, ARES_TRUE, ai);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  status = ares_addrinfo2hostent(ai, family, hostent);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+done:
+  ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    ares_free_hostent(*hostent);
+    *hostent = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return status;
+}