grpc 1.42.0 → 1.45.0

data/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.cc

@@ -23,30 +23,31 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_constants.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder_table.h"
+
 /* This is here for grpc_is_binary_header
  * TODO(murgatroid99): Remove this
  */
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/slice.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/bin_encoder.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/varint.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/debug/stats.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/validate_metadata.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/timeout_encoding.h"
 
 namespace grpc_core {
 
 namespace {
 
-/* don't consider adding anything bigger than this to the hpack table */
-constexpr size_t kMaxDecoderSpaceUsage = 512;
 constexpr size_t kDataFrameHeaderSize = 9;
 
 } /* namespace */
@@ -134,19 +135,23 @@ void HPackCompressor::Framer::EnsureSpace(size_t need_bytes) {
   prefix_ = BeginFrame();
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::Add(grpc_slice slice) {
-  const size_t len = GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice);
-  if (len == 0) return;
-  const size_t remaining = max_frame_size_ - CurrentFrameSize();
-  if (len <= remaining) {
-    stats_->header_bytes += len;
-    grpc_slice_buffer_add(output_, slice);
-  } else {
-    stats_->header_bytes += remaining;
-    grpc_slice_buffer_add(output_, grpc_slice_split_head(&slice, remaining));
-    FinishFrame(false);
-    prefix_ = BeginFrame();
-    Add(slice);
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Add(Slice slice) {
+  while (true) {
+    const size_t len = slice.length();
+    if (len == 0) return;
+    const size_t remaining = max_frame_size_ - CurrentFrameSize();
+    if (len <= remaining) {
+      stats_->header_bytes += len;
+      grpc_slice_buffer_add(output_, slice.TakeCSlice());
+      return;
+    } else {
+      stats_->header_bytes += remaining;
+      Slice tail = slice.Split(remaining);
+      grpc_slice_buffer_add(output_, slice.TakeCSlice());
+      slice = std::move(tail);
+      FinishFrame(false);
+      prefix_ = BeginFrame();
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -156,37 +161,6 @@ uint8_t* HPackCompressor::Framer::AddTiny(size_t len) {
   return grpc_slice_buffer_tiny_add(output_, len);
 }
 
-// Add a key to the dynamic table. Both key and value will be added to table at
-// the decoder.
-void HPackCompressor::AddKeyWithIndex(grpc_slice_refcount* key_ref,
-                                      uint32_t new_index, uint32_t key_hash) {
-  key_index_.Insert(KeySliceRef(key_ref, key_hash), new_index);
-}
-
-/* add an element to the decoder table */
-void HPackCompressor::AddElemWithIndex(grpc_mdelem elem, uint32_t new_index,
-                                       uint32_t elem_hash, uint32_t key_hash) {
-  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(GRPC_MDELEM_IS_INTERNED(elem));
-  elem_index_.Insert(KeyElem(elem, elem_hash), new_index);
-  AddKeyWithIndex(GRPC_MDKEY(elem).refcount, new_index, key_hash);
-}
-
-void HPackCompressor::AddElem(grpc_mdelem elem, size_t elem_size,
-                              uint32_t elem_hash, uint32_t key_hash) {
-  uint32_t new_index = table_.AllocateIndex(elem_size);
-  if (new_index != 0) {
-    AddElemWithIndex(elem, new_index, elem_hash, key_hash);
-  }
-}
-
-void HPackCompressor::AddKey(grpc_mdelem elem, size_t elem_size,
-                             uint32_t key_hash) {
-  uint32_t new_index = table_.AllocateIndex(elem_size);
-  if (new_index != 0) {
-    AddKeyWithIndex(GRPC_MDKEY(elem).refcount, new_index, key_hash);
-  }
-}
-
 void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitIndexed(uint32_t elem_index) {
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_INDEXED();
   VarintWriter<1> w(elem_index);
@@ -195,35 +169,33 @@ void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitIndexed(uint32_t elem_index) {
 
 struct WireValue {
   WireValue(uint8_t huffman_prefix, bool insert_null_before_wire_value,
-            const grpc_slice& slice)
-      : data(slice),
+            Slice slice)
+      : data(std::move(slice)),
         huffman_prefix(huffman_prefix),
         insert_null_before_wire_value(insert_null_before_wire_value),
-        length(GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice) +
-               (insert_null_before_wire_value ? 1 : 0)) {}
-  // While wire_value is const from the POV of hpack encoder code, actually
-  // adding it to a slice buffer will possibly split the slice.
-  const grpc_slice data;
+        length(data.length() + (insert_null_before_wire_value ? 1 : 0)) {}
+  Slice data;
   const uint8_t huffman_prefix;
   const bool insert_null_before_wire_value;
   const size_t length;
 };
 
-static WireValue GetWireValue(const grpc_slice& value, bool true_binary_enabled,
+static WireValue GetWireValue(Slice value, bool true_binary_enabled,
                               bool is_bin_hdr) {
   if (is_bin_hdr) {
     if (true_binary_enabled) {
       GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_BINARY();
-      return WireValue(0x00, true, grpc_slice_ref_internal(value));
+      return WireValue(0x00, true, std::move(value));
     } else {
       GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_BINARY_BASE64();
       return WireValue(0x80, false,
-                       grpc_chttp2_base64_encode_and_huffman_compress(value));
+                       Slice(grpc_chttp2_base64_encode_and_huffman_compress(
+                           value.c_slice())));
     }
   } else {
     /* TODO(ctiller): opportunistically compress non-binary headers */
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_UNCOMPRESSED();
-    return WireValue(0x00, false, grpc_slice_ref_internal(value));
+    return WireValue(0x00, false, std::move(value));
   }
 }
 
@@ -238,12 +210,11 @@ struct UnsureIfInterned {
   }
 };
 
-class StringValue {
+class BinaryStringValue {
  public:
-  template <typename MetadataKeyType>
-  StringValue(MetadataKeyType, grpc_mdelem elem, bool use_true_binary_metadata)
-      : wire_value_(GetWireValue(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem), use_true_binary_metadata,
-                                 MetadataKeyType::IsBinary(GRPC_MDKEY(elem)))),
+  explicit BinaryStringValue(Slice value, bool use_true_binary_metadata)
+      : wire_value_(
+            GetWireValue(std::move(value), use_true_binary_metadata, true)),
         len_val_(wire_value_.length) {}
 
   size_t prefix_length() const {
@@ -258,7 +229,7 @@ class StringValue {
     }
   }
 
-  const grpc_slice& data() { return wire_value_.data; }
+  Slice data() { return std::move(wire_value_.data); }
 
  private:
   WireValue wire_value_;
@@ -267,24 +238,24 @@ class StringValue {
 
 class NonBinaryStringValue {
  public:
-  explicit NonBinaryStringValue(const grpc_slice& value)
-      : value_(value), len_val_(GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(value)) {}
+  explicit NonBinaryStringValue(Slice value)
+      : value_(std::move(value)), len_val_(value_.length()) {}
 
   size_t prefix_length() const { return len_val_.length(); }
 
   void WritePrefix(uint8_t* prefix_data) { len_val_.Write(0x00, prefix_data); }
 
-  const grpc_slice& data() { return value_; }
+  Slice data() { return std::move(value_); }
 
  private:
-  grpc_slice value_;
+  Slice value_;
   VarintWriter<1> len_val_;
 };
 
 class StringKey {
  public:
-  explicit StringKey(grpc_slice key)
-      : key_(key), len_key_(GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(key)) {}
+  explicit StringKey(Slice key)
+      : key_(std::move(key)), len_key_(key_.length()) {}
 
   size_t prefix_length() const { return 1 + len_key_.length(); }
 
@@ -293,65 +264,69 @@ class StringKey {
     len_key_.Write(0x00, data + 1);
   }
 
-  grpc_slice key() const { return key_; }
+  Slice key() { return std::move(key_); }
 
  private:
-  grpc_slice key_;
+  Slice key_;
   VarintWriter<1> len_key_;
 };
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrIncIdx(uint32_t key_index,
-                                               grpc_mdelem elem) {
-  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_INCIDX();
-  StringValue emit(DefinitelyInterned(), elem, use_true_binary_metadata_);
-  VarintWriter<2> key(key_index);
-  uint8_t* data = AddTiny(key.length() + emit.prefix_length());
-  key.Write(0x40, data);
-  emit.WritePrefix(data + key.length());
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(
+    Slice key_slice, Slice value_slice) {
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_INCIDX_V();
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_UNCOMPRESSED();
+  StringKey key(std::move(key_slice));
+  key.WritePrefix(0x40, AddTiny(key.prefix_length()));
+  Add(key.key());
+  NonBinaryStringValue emit(std::move(value_slice));
+  emit.WritePrefix(AddTiny(emit.prefix_length()));
   Add(emit.data());
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrNotIdx(uint32_t key_index,
-                                               grpc_mdelem elem) {
-  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_NOTIDX();
-  StringValue emit(DefinitelyInterned(), elem, use_true_binary_metadata_);
-  VarintWriter<4> key(key_index);
-  uint8_t* data = AddTiny(key.length() + emit.prefix_length());
-  key.Write(0x00, data);
-  emit.WritePrefix(data + key.length());
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(
+    Slice key_slice, Slice value_slice) {
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_NOTIDX_V();
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_UNCOMPRESSED();
+  StringKey key(std::move(key_slice));
+  key.WritePrefix(0x00, AddTiny(key.prefix_length()));
+  Add(key.key());
+  BinaryStringValue emit(std::move(value_slice), use_true_binary_metadata_);
+  emit.WritePrefix(AddTiny(emit.prefix_length()));
   Add(emit.data());
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithStringKeyIncIdx(grpc_mdelem elem) {
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(
+    Slice key_slice, Slice value_slice) {
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_INCIDX_V();
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_UNCOMPRESSED();
-  StringKey key(GRPC_MDKEY(elem));
+  StringKey key(std::move(key_slice));
   key.WritePrefix(0x40, AddTiny(key.prefix_length()));
-  Add(grpc_slice_ref_internal(key.key()));
-  StringValue emit(DefinitelyInterned(), elem, use_true_binary_metadata_);
+  Add(key.key());
+  BinaryStringValue emit(std::move(value_slice), use_true_binary_metadata_);
   emit.WritePrefix(AddTiny(emit.prefix_length()));
   Add(emit.data());
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(
-    const grpc_slice& key_slice, const grpc_slice& value_slice) {
-  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_INCIDX_V();
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(
+    uint32_t key_index, Slice value_slice) {
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_NOTIDX();
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_UNCOMPRESSED();
-  StringKey key(key_slice);
-  key.WritePrefix(0x40, AddTiny(key.prefix_length()));
-  Add(grpc_slice_ref_internal(key.key()));
-  NonBinaryStringValue emit(value_slice);
-  emit.WritePrefix(AddTiny(emit.prefix_length()));
-  Add(grpc_slice_ref_internal(emit.data()));
+  BinaryStringValue emit(std::move(value_slice), use_true_binary_metadata_);
+  VarintWriter<4> key(key_index);
+  uint8_t* data = AddTiny(key.length() + emit.prefix_length());
+  key.Write(0x00, data);
+  emit.WritePrefix(data + key.length());
+  Add(emit.data());
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithStringKeyNotIdx(grpc_mdelem elem) {
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(
+    Slice key_slice, Slice value_slice) {
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_LITHDR_NOTIDX_V();
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HPACK_SEND_UNCOMPRESSED();
-  StringKey key(GRPC_MDKEY(elem));
+  StringKey key(std::move(key_slice));
   key.WritePrefix(0x00, AddTiny(key.prefix_length()));
-  Add(grpc_slice_ref_internal(key.key()));
-  StringValue emit(UnsureIfInterned(), elem, use_true_binary_metadata_);
+  Add(key.key());
+  NonBinaryStringValue emit(std::move(value_slice));
   emit.WritePrefix(AddTiny(emit.prefix_length()));
   Add(emit.data());
 }
@@ -361,142 +336,305 @@ void HPackCompressor::Framer::AdvertiseTableSizeChange() {
   w.Write(0x20, AddTiny(w.length()));
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::Log(grpc_mdelem elem) {
-  char* k = grpc_slice_to_c_string(GRPC_MDKEY(elem));
-  char* v = nullptr;
-  if (grpc_is_binary_header_internal(GRPC_MDKEY(elem))) {
-    v = grpc_dump_slice(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem), GPR_DUMP_HEX);
-  } else {
-    v = grpc_slice_to_c_string(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem));
-  }
-  gpr_log(
-      GPR_INFO,
-      "Encode: '%s: %s', elem_interned=%d [%d], k_interned=%d, v_interned=%d",
-      k, v, GRPC_MDELEM_IS_INTERNED(elem), GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE(elem),
-      grpc_slice_is_interned(GRPC_MDKEY(elem)),
-      grpc_slice_is_interned(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem)));
-  gpr_free(k);
-  gpr_free(v);
-}
-
-struct EmitIndexedStatus {
-  EmitIndexedStatus() = default;
-  EmitIndexedStatus(uint32_t elem_hash, bool emitted, bool can_add)
-      : elem_hash(elem_hash), emitted(emitted), can_add(can_add) {}
-  const uint32_t elem_hash = 0;
-  const bool emitted = false;
-  const bool can_add = false;
-};
+void HPackCompressor::SliceIndex::EmitTo(absl::string_view key,
+                                         const Slice& value, Framer* framer) {
+  auto& table = framer->compressor_->table_;
+  using It = std::vector<ValueIndex>::iterator;
+  It prev = values_.end();
+  uint32_t transport_length =
+      key.length() + value.length() + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead;
+  if (transport_length > HPackEncoderTable::MaxEntrySize()) {
+    framer->EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(Slice::FromStaticString(key),
+                                                   value.Ref());
+    return;
+  }
+  // Linear scan through previous values to see if we find the value.
+  for (It it = values_.begin(); it != values_.end(); ++it) {
+    if (value == it->value) {
+      // Got a hit... is it still in the decode table?
+      if (table.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(it->index)) {
+        // Yes, emit the index and proceed to cleanup.
+        framer->EmitIndexed(table.DynamicIndex(it->index));
+      } else {
+        // Not current, emit a new literal and update the index.
+        it->index = table.AllocateIndex(transport_length);
+        framer->EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(
+            Slice::FromStaticString(key), value.Ref());
+      }
+      // Bubble this entry up if we can - ensures that the most used values end
+      // up towards the start of the array.
+      if (prev != values_.end()) std::swap(*prev, *it);
+      // If there are entries at the end of the array, and those entries are no
+      // longer in the table, remove them.
+      while (!values_.empty() &&
+             !table.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(values_.back().index)) {
+        values_.pop_back();
+      }
+      // All done, early out.
+      return;
+    }
+    prev = it;
+  }
+  // No hit, emit a new literal and add it to the index.
+  uint32_t index = table.AllocateIndex(transport_length);
+  framer->EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(Slice::FromStaticString(key),
+                                                 value.Ref());
+  values_.emplace_back(value.Ref(), index);
+}
 
-/* encode an mdelem */
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::EncodeDynamic(grpc_mdelem elem) {
-  const grpc_slice& elem_key = GRPC_MDKEY(elem);
-  // User-provided key len validated in grpc_validate_header_key_is_legal().
-  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(elem_key) > 0);
-  // Header ordering: all reserved headers (prefixed with ':') must precede
-  // regular headers. This can be a debug assert, since:
-  // 1) User cannot give us ':' headers (grpc_validate_header_key_is_legal()).
-  // 2) grpc filters/core should be checked during debug builds. */
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if (GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(elem_key)[0] != ':') { /* regular header */
-    seen_regular_header_ = true;
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(const Slice& key, const Slice& value) {
+  if (absl::EndsWith(key.as_string_view(), "-bin")) {
+    EmitLitHdrWithBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(key.Ref(), value.Ref());
   } else {
-    GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(
-        !seen_regular_header_ &&
-        "Reserved header (colon-prefixed) happening after regular ones.");
-  }
-#endif
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace)) {
-    Log(elem);
-  }
-  const bool elem_interned = GRPC_MDELEM_IS_INTERNED(elem);
-  const bool key_interned = elem_interned || grpc_slice_is_interned(elem_key);
-  // Key is not interned, emit literals.
-  if (!key_interned) {
-    EmitLitHdrWithStringKeyNotIdx(elem);
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(key.Ref(), value.Ref());
+  }
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(HttpPathMetadata, const Slice& value) {
+  compressor_->path_index_.EmitTo(HttpPathMetadata::key(), value, this);
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(HttpAuthorityMetadata,
+                                     const Slice& value) {
+  compressor_->authority_index_.EmitTo(HttpAuthorityMetadata::key(), value,
+                                       this);
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(TeMetadata, TeMetadata::ValueType value) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(value == TeMetadata::ValueType::kTrailers);
+  EncodeAlwaysIndexed(
+      &compressor_->te_index_, "te", Slice::FromStaticString("trailers"),
+      2 /* te */ + 8 /* trailers */ + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead);
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(ContentTypeMetadata,
+                                     ContentTypeMetadata::ValueType value) {
+  if (value != ContentTypeMetadata::ValueType::kApplicationGrpc) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Not encoding bad content-type header");
+    return;
+  }
+  EncodeAlwaysIndexed(&compressor_->content_type_index_, "content-type",
+                      Slice::FromStaticString("application/grpc"),
+                      12 /* content-type */ + 16 /* application/grpc */ +
+                          hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead);
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(HttpSchemeMetadata,
+                                     HttpSchemeMetadata::ValueType value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case HttpSchemeMetadata::ValueType::kHttp:
+      EmitIndexed(6);  // :scheme: http
+      break;
+    case HttpSchemeMetadata::ValueType::kHttps:
+      EmitIndexed(7);  // :scheme: https
+      break;
+    case HttpSchemeMetadata::ValueType::kInvalid:
+      GPR_ASSERT(false);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcTraceBinMetadata, const Slice& slice) {
+  EncodeIndexedKeyWithBinaryValue(&compressor_->grpc_trace_bin_index_,
+                                  "grpc-trace-bin", slice.Ref());
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcTagsBinMetadata, const Slice& slice) {
+  EncodeIndexedKeyWithBinaryValue(&compressor_->grpc_tags_bin_index_,
+                                  "grpc-tags-bin", slice.Ref());
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(HttpStatusMetadata, uint32_t status) {
+  if (status == 200) {
+    EmitIndexed(8);  // :status: 200
     return;
   }
-  /* Interned metadata => maybe already indexed. */
-  uint32_t elem_hash = 0;
-  if (elem_interned) {
-    // Update filter to see if we can perhaps add this elem.
-    elem_hash = GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE(elem) == GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_INTERNED
-                    ? reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::InternedMetadata*>(
-                          GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(elem))
-                          ->hash()
-                    : reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::StaticMetadata*>(
-                          GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(elem))
-                          ->hash();
-    bool can_add_to_hashtable =
-        compressor_->filter_elems_.AddElement(elem_hash % kNumFilterValues);
-    /* is this elem currently in the decoders table? */
-    auto indices_key =
-        compressor_->elem_index_.Lookup(KeyElem(elem, elem_hash));
-    if (indices_key.has_value() &&
-        compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(*indices_key)) {
-      EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*indices_key));
+  uint8_t index = 0;
+  switch (status) {
+    case 204:
+      index = 9;  // :status: 204
+      break;
+    case 206:
+      index = 10;  // :status: 206
+      break;
+    case 304:
+      index = 11;  // :status: 304
+      break;
+    case 400:
+      index = 12;  // :status: 400
+      break;
+    case 404:
+      index = 13;  // :status: 404
+      break;
+    case 500:
+      index = 14;  // :status: 500
+      break;
+  }
+  if (GPR_LIKELY(index != 0)) {
+    EmitIndexed(index);
+  } else {
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(Slice::FromStaticString(":status"),
+                                           Slice::FromInt64(status));
+  }
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(HttpMethodMetadata,
+                                     HttpMethodMetadata::ValueType method) {
+  switch (method) {
+    case HttpMethodMetadata::ValueType::kGet:
+      EmitIndexed(2);  // :method: GET
+      break;
+    case HttpMethodMetadata::ValueType::kPost:
+      EmitIndexed(3);  // :method: POST
+      break;
+    case HttpMethodMetadata::ValueType::kPut:
+      EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(Slice::FromStaticString(":method"),
+                                             Slice::FromStaticString("PUT"));
+      break;
+    case HttpMethodMetadata::ValueType::kInvalid:
+      GPR_ASSERT(false);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EncodeAlwaysIndexed(uint32_t* index,
+                                                  absl::string_view key,
+                                                  Slice value,
+                                                  uint32_t transport_length) {
+  if (compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(*index)) {
+    EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*index));
+  } else {
+    *index = compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(transport_length);
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(Slice::FromStaticString(key),
+                                           std::move(value));
+  }
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::EncodeIndexedKeyWithBinaryValue(
+    uint32_t* index, absl::string_view key, Slice value) {
+  if (compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(*index)) {
+    EmitLitHdrWithBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(
+        compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*index), std::move(value));
+  } else {
+    *index = compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(key.length() + value.length() +
+                                               hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead);
+    EmitLitHdrWithBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(Slice::FromStaticString(key),
+                                        std::move(value));
+  }
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcTimeoutMetadata, Timestamp deadline) {
+  Timeout timeout = Timeout::FromDuration(deadline - ExecCtx::Get()->Now());
+  for (auto it = compressor_->previous_timeouts_.begin();
+       it != compressor_->previous_timeouts_.end(); ++it) {
+    double ratio = timeout.RatioVersus(it->timeout);
+    // If the timeout we're sending is shorter than a previous timeout, but
+    // within 3% of it, we'll consider sending it.
+    if (ratio > -3 && ratio <= 0 &&
+        compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(it->index)) {
+      EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(it->index));
+      // Put this timeout to the front of the queue - forces common timeouts to
+      // be considered earlier.
+      std::swap(*it, *compressor_->previous_timeouts_.begin());
       return;
     }
-    /* Didn't hit either cuckoo index, so no emit. */
-    if (!can_add_to_hashtable) elem_hash = 0;
-  }
-
-  /* should this elem be in the table? */
-  const size_t decoder_space_usage =
-      grpc_core::MetadataSizeInHPackTable(elem, use_true_binary_metadata_);
-  const bool decoder_space_available =
-      decoder_space_usage < kMaxDecoderSpaceUsage;
-  const bool should_add_elem =
-      elem_interned && decoder_space_available && elem_hash != 0;
-  /* no hits for the elem... maybe there's a key? */
-  const uint32_t key_hash = elem_key.refcount->Hash(elem_key);
-  auto indices_key =
-      compressor_->key_index_.Lookup(KeySliceRef(elem_key.refcount, key_hash));
-  if (indices_key.has_value() &&
-      compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(*indices_key)) {
-    if (should_add_elem) {
-      EmitLitHdrIncIdx(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*indices_key), elem);
-      compressor_->AddElem(elem, decoder_space_usage, elem_hash, key_hash);
-    } else {
-      EmitLitHdrNotIdx(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*indices_key), elem);
-    }
+  }
+  // Clean out some expired timeouts.
+  while (!compressor_->previous_timeouts_.empty() &&
+         !compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(
+             compressor_->previous_timeouts_.back().index)) {
+    compressor_->previous_timeouts_.pop_back();
+  }
+  Slice encoded = timeout.Encode();
+  uint32_t index = compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(
+      GrpcTimeoutMetadata::key().length() + encoded.length() +
+      hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead);
+  compressor_->previous_timeouts_.push_back(PreviousTimeout{timeout, index});
+  EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(
+      Slice::FromStaticString(GrpcTimeoutMetadata::key()), std::move(encoded));
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(UserAgentMetadata, const Slice& slice) {
+  if (slice.length() > HPackEncoderTable::MaxEntrySize()) {
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(
+        Slice::FromStaticString(UserAgentMetadata::key()), slice.Ref());
     return;
   }
-  /* no elem, key in the table... fall back to literal emission */
-  const bool should_add_key = !elem_interned && decoder_space_available;
-  if (should_add_elem || should_add_key) {
-    EmitLitHdrWithStringKeyIncIdx(elem);
-  } else {
-    EmitLitHdrWithStringKeyNotIdx(elem);
+  if (!slice.is_equivalent(compressor_->user_agent_)) {
+    compressor_->user_agent_ = slice.Ref();
+    compressor_->user_agent_index_ = 0;
+  }
+  EncodeAlwaysIndexed(
+      &compressor_->user_agent_index_, "user-agent", slice.Ref(),
+      10 /* user-agent */ + slice.size() + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead);
+}
+
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcStatusMetadata,
+                                     grpc_status_code status) {
+  const uint32_t code = static_cast<uint32_t>(status);
+  uint32_t* index = nullptr;
+  if (code < kNumCachedGrpcStatusValues) {
+    index = &compressor_->cached_grpc_status_[code];
+    if (compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(*index)) {
+      EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*index));
+      return;
+    }
   }
-  if (should_add_elem) {
-    compressor_->AddElem(elem, decoder_space_usage, elem_hash, key_hash);
-  } else if (should_add_key) {
-    compressor_->AddKey(elem, decoder_space_usage, key_hash);
+  Slice key = Slice::FromStaticString(GrpcStatusMetadata::key());
+  Slice value = Slice::FromInt64(code);
+  const uint32_t transport_length =
+      key.length() + value.length() + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead;
+  if (index != nullptr) {
+    *index = compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(transport_length);
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(std::move(key), std::move(value));
+  } else {
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(std::move(key), std::move(value));
   }
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(TeMetadata, TeMetadata::ValueType value) {
-  GPR_ASSERT(value == TeMetadata::ValueType::kTrailers);
-  if (compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(compressor_->te_index_)) {
-    EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(compressor_->te_index_));
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcEncodingMetadata,
+                                     grpc_compression_algorithm value) {
+  uint32_t* index = nullptr;
+  if (value < GRPC_COMPRESS_ALGORITHMS_COUNT) {
+    index = &compressor_->cached_grpc_encoding_[static_cast<uint32_t>(value)];
+    if (compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(*index)) {
+      EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(*index));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  auto key = Slice::FromStaticString(GrpcEncodingMetadata::key());
+  auto encoded_value = GrpcEncodingMetadata::Encode(value);
+  uint32_t transport_length =
+      key.length() + encoded_value.length() + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead;
+  if (index != nullptr) {
+    *index = compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(transport_length);
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(std::move(key),
+                                           std::move(encoded_value));
   } else {
-    compressor_->te_index_ = compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(
-        2 /* te */ + 8 /* trailers */ + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead);
-    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(GRPC_MDSTR_TE, GRPC_MDSTR_TRAILERS);
+    EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyNotIdx(std::move(key),
+                                           std::move(encoded_value));
   }
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcTimeoutMetadata,
-                                     grpc_millis deadline) {
-  char timeout_str[GRPC_HTTP2_TIMEOUT_ENCODE_MIN_BUFSIZE];
-  grpc_mdelem mdelem;
-  grpc_http2_encode_timeout(deadline - grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now(),
-                            timeout_str);
-  mdelem = grpc_mdelem_from_slices(
-      GRPC_MDSTR_GRPC_TIMEOUT, grpc_core::UnmanagedMemorySlice(timeout_str));
-  EncodeDynamic(mdelem);
-  GRPC_MDELEM_UNREF(mdelem);
+void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata,
+                                     CompressionAlgorithmSet value) {
+  if (compressor_->grpc_accept_encoding_index_ != 0 &&
+      value == compressor_->grpc_accept_encoding_ &&
+      compressor_->table_.ConvertableToDynamicIndex(
+          compressor_->grpc_accept_encoding_index_)) {
+    EmitIndexed(compressor_->table_.DynamicIndex(
+        compressor_->grpc_accept_encoding_index_));
+    return;
+  }
+  auto key = Slice::FromStaticString(GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata::key());
+  auto encoded_value = GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata::Encode(value);
+  uint32_t transport_length =
+      key.length() + encoded_value.length() + hpack_constants::kEntryOverhead;
+  compressor_->grpc_accept_encoding_index_ =
+      compressor_->table_.AllocateIndex(transport_length);
+  compressor_->grpc_accept_encoding_ = value;
+  EmitLitHdrWithNonBinaryStringKeyIncIdx(std::move(key),
+                                         std::move(encoded_value));
 }
 
 void HPackCompressor::SetMaxUsableSize(uint32_t max_table_size) {
@@ -530,17 +668,4 @@ HPackCompressor::Framer::Framer(const EncodeHeaderOptions& options,
   }
 }
 
-void HPackCompressor::Framer::Encode(grpc_mdelem md) {
-  if (GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE(md) == GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC) {
-    const uintptr_t static_index =
-        reinterpret_cast<grpc_core::StaticMetadata*>(GRPC_MDELEM_DATA(md))
-            ->StaticIndex();
-    if (static_index < hpack_constants::kLastStaticEntry) {
-      EmitIndexed(static_cast<uint32_t>(static_index + 1));
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  EncodeDynamic(md);
-}
-
 }  // namespace grpc_core