grpc 1.3.4 → 1.4.0

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll_thread_pool_linux.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2017, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_LIB_IOMGR_EV_EPOLL_THREAD_POOL_LINUX_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_LIB_IOMGR_EV_EPOLL_THREAD_POOL_LINUX_H
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"
+
+const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_epoll_thread_pool_linux(
+    bool requested_explicitly);
+
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_LIB_IOMGR_EV_EPOLL_THREAD_POOL_LINUX_H */

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollex_linux.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1511 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2017, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"
+
+/* This polling engine is only relevant on linux kernels supporting epoll() */
+#ifdef GRPC_LINUX_EPOLL
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollex_linux.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/tls.h>
+#include <grpc/support/useful.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/is_epollexclusive_available.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/lockfree_event.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sys_epoll_wrapper.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/wakeup_fd_posix.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/workqueue.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/support/block_annotate.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/support/spinlock.h"
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset-set sibling link
+ */
+
+typedef enum {
+  PO_POLLING_GROUP,
+  PO_POLLSET_SET,
+  PO_POLLSET,
+  PO_FD, /* ordering is important: we always want to lock pollsets before fds:
+            this guarantees that using an fd as a pollable is safe */
+  PO_EMPTY_POLLABLE,
+  PO_COUNT
+} polling_obj_type;
+
+typedef struct polling_obj polling_obj;
+typedef struct polling_group polling_group;
+
+struct polling_obj {
+  gpr_mu mu;
+  polling_obj_type type;
+  polling_group *group;
+  struct polling_obj *next;
+  struct polling_obj *prev;
+};
+
+struct polling_group {
+  polling_obj po;
+  gpr_refcount refs;
+};
+
+static void po_init(polling_obj *po, polling_obj_type type);
+static void po_destroy(polling_obj *po);
+static void po_join(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_obj *a, polling_obj *b);
+static int po_cmp(polling_obj *a, polling_obj *b);
+
+static void pg_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_obj **initial_po,
+                      size_t initial_po_count);
+static polling_group *pg_ref(polling_group *pg);
+static void pg_unref(polling_group *pg);
+static void pg_merge(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_group *a,
+                     polling_group *b);
+static void pg_join(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_group *pg,
+                    polling_obj *po);
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * pollable Declarations
+ */
+
+typedef struct pollable {
+  polling_obj po;
+  int epfd;
+  grpc_wakeup_fd wakeup;
+  grpc_pollset_worker *root_worker;
+} pollable;
+
+static pollable g_empty_pollable;
+
+static void pollable_init(pollable *p, polling_obj_type type);
+static void pollable_destroy(pollable *p);
+/* ensure that p->epfd, p->wakeup are initialized; p->po.mu must be held */
+static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable *p);
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Fd Declarations
+ */
+
+struct grpc_fd {
+  pollable pollable;
+  int fd;
+  /* refst format:
+       bit 0    : 1=Active / 0=Orphaned
+       bits 1-n : refcount
+     Ref/Unref by two to avoid altering the orphaned bit */
+  gpr_atm refst;
+
+  /* Wakeup fd used to wake pollers to check the contents of workqueue_items */
+  grpc_wakeup_fd workqueue_wakeup_fd;
+  grpc_closure_scheduler workqueue_scheduler;
+  /* Spinlock guarding the read end of the workqueue (must be held to pop from
+   * workqueue_items) */
+  gpr_spinlock workqueue_read_mu;
+  /* Queue of closures to be executed */
+  gpr_mpscq workqueue_items;
+  /* Count of items in workqueue_items */
+  gpr_atm workqueue_item_count;
+
+  /* The fd is either closed or we relinquished control of it. In either
+     cases, this indicates that the 'fd' on this structure is no longer
+     valid */
+  gpr_mu orphaned_mu;
+  bool orphaned;
+
+  gpr_atm read_closure;
+  gpr_atm write_closure;
+
+  struct grpc_fd *freelist_next;
+  grpc_closure *on_done_closure;
+
+  /* The pollset that last noticed that the fd is readable. The actual type
+   * stored in this is (grpc_pollset *) */
+  gpr_atm read_notifier_pollset;
+
+  grpc_iomgr_object iomgr_object;
+};
+
+static void fd_global_init(void);
+static void fd_global_shutdown(void);
+
+static void workqueue_enqueue(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure *closure,
+                              grpc_error *error);
+
+static const grpc_closure_scheduler_vtable workqueue_scheduler_vtable = {
+    workqueue_enqueue, workqueue_enqueue, "workqueue"};
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset Declarations
+ */
+
+typedef struct pollset_worker_link {
+  grpc_pollset_worker *next;
+  grpc_pollset_worker *prev;
+} pollset_worker_link;
+
+typedef enum {
+  PWL_POLLSET,
+  PWL_POLLABLE,
+  POLLSET_WORKER_LINK_COUNT
+} pollset_worker_links;
+
+struct grpc_pollset_worker {
+  bool kicked;
+  bool initialized_cv;
+  pollset_worker_link links[POLLSET_WORKER_LINK_COUNT];
+  gpr_cv cv;
+  grpc_pollset *pollset;
+  pollable *pollable;
+};
+
+struct grpc_pollset {
+  pollable pollable;
+  pollable *current_pollable;
+  bool kicked_without_poller;
+  grpc_closure *shutdown_closure;
+  grpc_pollset_worker *root_worker;
+};
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset-set Declarations
+ */
+struct grpc_pollset_set {
+  polling_obj po;
+};
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Common helpers
+ */
+
+static bool append_error(grpc_error **composite, grpc_error *error,
+                         const char *desc) {
+  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return true;
+  if (*composite == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    *composite = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_COPIED_STRING(desc);
+  }
+  *composite = grpc_error_add_child(*composite, error);
+  return false;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Fd Definitions
+ */
+
+/* We need to keep a freelist not because of any concerns of malloc performance
+ * but instead so that implementations with multiple threads in (for example)
+ * epoll_wait deal with the race between pollset removal and incoming poll
+ * notifications.
+ *
+ * The problem is that the poller ultimately holds a reference to this
+ * object, so it is very difficult to know when is safe to free it, at least
+ * without some expensive synchronization.
+ *
+ * If we keep the object freelisted, in the worst case losing this race just
+ * becomes a spurious read notification on a reused fd.
+ */
+
+/* The alarm system needs to be able to wakeup 'some poller' sometimes
+ * (specifically when a new alarm needs to be triggered earlier than the next
+ * alarm 'epoch'). This wakeup_fd gives us something to alert on when such a
+ * case occurs. */
+
+static grpc_fd *fd_freelist = NULL;
+static gpr_mu fd_freelist_mu;
+
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define UNREF_BY(ec, fd, n, reason) \
+  unref_by(ec, fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+static void ref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n, const char *reason, const char *file,
+                   int line) {
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p   ref %d %ld -> %ld [%s; %s:%d]", fd->fd,
+          (void *)fd, n, gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst),
+          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) + n, reason, file, line);
+#else
+#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n)
+#define UNREF_BY(ec, fd, n, reason) unref_by(ec, fd, n)
+static void ref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n) {
+#endif
+  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&fd->refst, n) > 0);
+}
+
+static void fd_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error) {
+  grpc_fd *fd = arg;
+  /* Add the fd to the freelist */
+  grpc_iomgr_unregister_object(&fd->iomgr_object);
+  pollable_destroy(&fd->pollable);
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  fd->freelist_next = fd_freelist;
+  fd_freelist = fd;
+
+  grpc_lfev_destroy(&fd->read_closure);
+  grpc_lfev_destroy(&fd->write_closure);
+
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+}
+
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+static void unref_by(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd, int n,
+                     const char *reason, const char *file, int line) {
+  gpr_atm old;
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p unref %d %ld -> %ld [%s; %s:%d]", fd->fd,
+          (void *)fd, n, gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst),
+          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) - n, reason, file, line);
+#else
+static void unref_by(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd, int n) {
+  gpr_atm old;
+#endif
+  old = gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&fd->refst, -n);
+  if (old == n) {
+    grpc_closure_sched(exec_ctx, grpc_closure_create(fd_destroy, fd,
+                                                     grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx),
+                       GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  } else {
+    GPR_ASSERT(old > n);
+  }
+}
+
+static void fd_global_init(void) { gpr_mu_init(&fd_freelist_mu); }
+
+static void fd_global_shutdown(void) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  while (fd_freelist != NULL) {
+    grpc_fd *fd = fd_freelist;
+    fd_freelist = fd_freelist->freelist_next;
+    gpr_free(fd);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&fd_freelist_mu);
+}
+
+static grpc_fd *fd_create(int fd, const char *name) {
+  grpc_fd *new_fd = NULL;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  if (fd_freelist != NULL) {
+    new_fd = fd_freelist;
+    fd_freelist = fd_freelist->freelist_next;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+
+  if (new_fd == NULL) {
+    new_fd = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fd));
+  }
+
+  pollable_init(&new_fd->pollable, PO_FD);
+
+  gpr_atm_rel_store(&new_fd->refst, (gpr_atm)1);
+  new_fd->fd = fd;
+  gpr_mu_init(&new_fd->orphaned_mu);
+  new_fd->orphaned = false;
+  grpc_lfev_init(&new_fd->read_closure);
+  grpc_lfev_init(&new_fd->write_closure);
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&new_fd->read_notifier_pollset, (gpr_atm)NULL);
+
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("fd_create",
+                    grpc_wakeup_fd_init(&new_fd->workqueue_wakeup_fd));
+  new_fd->workqueue_scheduler.vtable = &workqueue_scheduler_vtable;
+  new_fd->workqueue_read_mu = GPR_SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;
+  gpr_mpscq_init(&new_fd->workqueue_items);
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&new_fd->workqueue_item_count, 0);
+
+  new_fd->freelist_next = NULL;
+  new_fd->on_done_closure = NULL;
+
+  char *fd_name;
+  gpr_asprintf(&fd_name, "%s fd=%d", name, fd);
+  grpc_iomgr_register_object(&new_fd->iomgr_object, fd_name);
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p create %s", fd, (void *)new_fd, fd_name);
+#endif
+  gpr_free(fd_name);
+  return new_fd;
+}
+
+static int fd_wrapped_fd(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  int ret_fd = -1;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+  if (!fd->orphaned) {
+    ret_fd = fd->fd;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+
+  return ret_fd;
+}
+
+static void fd_orphan(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                      grpc_closure *on_done, int *release_fd,
+                      const char *reason) {
+  bool is_fd_closed = false;
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+  fd->on_done_closure = on_done;
+
+  /* If release_fd is not NULL, we should be relinquishing control of the file
+     descriptor fd->fd (but we still own the grpc_fd structure). */
+  if (release_fd != NULL) {
+    *release_fd = fd->fd;
+  } else {
+    close(fd->fd);
+    is_fd_closed = true;
+  }
+
+  fd->orphaned = true;
+
+  if (!is_fd_closed) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "TODO: handle fd removal?");
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the active status but keep referenced. We want this grpc_fd struct
+     to be alive (and not added to freelist) until the end of this function */
+  REF_BY(fd, 1, reason);
+
+  grpc_closure_sched(exec_ctx, fd->on_done_closure, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+  UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, fd, 2, reason); /* Drop the reference */
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("fd_orphan", GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+}
+
+static grpc_pollset *fd_get_read_notifier_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                  grpc_fd *fd) {
+  gpr_atm notifier = gpr_atm_acq_load(&fd->read_notifier_pollset);
+  return (grpc_pollset *)notifier;
+}
+
+static bool fd_is_shutdown(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  return grpc_lfev_is_shutdown(&fd->read_closure);
+}
+
+/* Might be called multiple times */
+static void fd_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd, grpc_error *why) {
+  if (grpc_lfev_set_shutdown(exec_ctx, &fd->read_closure,
+                             GRPC_ERROR_REF(why))) {
+    shutdown(fd->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
+    grpc_lfev_set_shutdown(exec_ctx, &fd->write_closure, GRPC_ERROR_REF(why));
+  }
+  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(why);
+}
+
+static void fd_notify_on_read(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                              grpc_closure *closure) {
+  grpc_lfev_notify_on(exec_ctx, &fd->read_closure, closure);
+}
+
+static void fd_notify_on_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                               grpc_closure *closure) {
+  grpc_lfev_notify_on(exec_ctx, &fd->write_closure, closure);
+}
+
+static grpc_workqueue *fd_get_workqueue(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  REF_BY(fd, 2, "return_workqueue");
+  return (grpc_workqueue *)fd;
+}
+
+#ifdef GRPC_WORKQUEUE_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+static grpc_workqueue *workqueue_ref(grpc_workqueue *workqueue,
+                                     const char *file, int line,
+                                     const char *reason) {
+  if (workqueue != NULL) {
+    ref_by((grpc_fd *)workqueue, 2, file, line, reason);
+  }
+  return workqueue;
+}
+
+static void workqueue_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_workqueue *workqueue,
+                            const char *file, int line, const char *reason) {
+  if (workqueue != NULL) {
+    unref_by(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)workqueue, 2, file, line, reason);
+  }
+}
+#else
+static grpc_workqueue *workqueue_ref(grpc_workqueue *workqueue) {
+  if (workqueue != NULL) {
+    ref_by((grpc_fd *)workqueue, 2);
+  }
+  return workqueue;
+}
+
+static void workqueue_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                            grpc_workqueue *workqueue) {
+  if (workqueue != NULL) {
+    unref_by(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)workqueue, 2);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+static void workqueue_wakeup(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("workqueue_enqueue",
+                    grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&fd->workqueue_wakeup_fd));
+}
+
+static void workqueue_enqueue(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure *closure,
+                              grpc_error *error) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("workqueue.enqueue", 0);
+  grpc_fd *fd = (grpc_fd *)(((char *)closure->scheduler) -
+                            offsetof(grpc_fd, workqueue_scheduler));
+  REF_BY(fd, 2, "workqueue_enqueue");
+  gpr_atm last = gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&fd->workqueue_item_count, 1);
+  closure->error_data.error = error;
+  gpr_mpscq_push(&fd->workqueue_items, &closure->next_data.atm_next);
+  if (last == 0) {
+    workqueue_wakeup(fd);
+  }
+  UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, fd, 2, "workqueue_enqueue");
+}
+
+static void fd_invoke_workqueue(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  /* handle spurious wakeups */
+  if (!gpr_spinlock_trylock(&fd->workqueue_read_mu)) return;
+  gpr_mpscq_node *n = gpr_mpscq_pop(&fd->workqueue_items);
+  gpr_spinlock_unlock(&fd->workqueue_read_mu);
+  if (n != NULL) {
+    if (gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&fd->workqueue_item_count, -1) > 1) {
+      workqueue_wakeup(fd);
+    }
+    grpc_closure *c = (grpc_closure *)n;
+    grpc_error *error = c->error_data.error;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    c->scheduled = false;
+#endif
+    c->cb(exec_ctx, c->cb_arg, error);
+    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+  } else if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->workqueue_item_count) > 0) {
+    /* n == NULL might mean there's work but it's not available to be popped
+     * yet - try to ensure another workqueue wakes up to check shortly if so
+     */
+    workqueue_wakeup(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+static grpc_closure_scheduler *workqueue_scheduler(grpc_workqueue *workqueue) {
+  return &((grpc_fd *)workqueue)->workqueue_scheduler;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollable Definitions
+ */
+
+static void pollable_init(pollable *p, polling_obj_type type) {
+  po_init(&p->po, type);
+  p->root_worker = NULL;
+  p->epfd = -1;
+}
+
+static void pollable_destroy(pollable *p) {
+  po_destroy(&p->po);
+  if (p->epfd != -1) {
+    close(p->epfd);
+    grpc_wakeup_fd_destroy(&p->wakeup);
+  }
+}
+
+/* ensure that p->epfd, p->wakeup are initialized; p->po.mu must be held */
+static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable *p) {
+  if (p->epfd == -1) {
+    int new_epfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
+    if (new_epfd < 0) {
+      return GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_create1");
+    }
+    grpc_error *err = grpc_wakeup_fd_init(&p->wakeup);
+    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+      close(new_epfd);
+      return err;
+    }
+    struct epoll_event ev = {.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLET),
+                             .data.ptr = &p->wakeup};
+    if (epoll_ctl(new_epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, p->wakeup.read_fd, &ev) != 0) {
+      err = GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_ctl");
+      close(new_epfd);
+      grpc_wakeup_fd_destroy(&p->wakeup);
+      return err;
+    }
+
+    p->epfd = new_epfd;
+  }
+  return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+}
+
+/* pollable must be materialized */
+static grpc_error *pollable_add_fd(pollable *p, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  static const char *err_desc = "pollable_add_fd";
+  const int epfd = p->epfd;
+  GPR_ASSERT(epfd != -1);
+
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "add fd %p to pollable %p", fd, p);
+  }
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+  if (fd->orphaned) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  }
+  struct epoll_event ev_fd = {
+      .events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLET | EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE),
+      .data.ptr = fd};
+  if (epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd->fd, &ev_fd) != 0) {
+    switch (errno) {
+      case EEXIST: /* if this fd is already in the epoll set, the workqueue fd
+                      must also be - just return */
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+        return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+      default:
+        append_error(&error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_ctl"), err_desc);
+    }
+  }
+  struct epoll_event ev_wq = {
+      .events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLET | EPOLLIN | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE),
+      .data.ptr = (void *)(1 + (intptr_t)fd)};
+  if (epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd->workqueue_wakeup_fd.read_fd, &ev_wq) !=
+      0) {
+    switch (errno) {
+      case EEXIST: /* if the workqueue fd is already in the epoll set we're ok
+                      - no need to do anything special */
+        break;
+      default:
+        append_error(&error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_ctl"), err_desc);
+    }
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset Definitions
+ */
+
+GPR_TLS_DECL(g_current_thread_pollset);
+GPR_TLS_DECL(g_current_thread_worker);
+
+/* Global state management */
+static grpc_error *pollset_global_init(void) {
+  gpr_tls_init(&g_current_thread_pollset);
+  gpr_tls_init(&g_current_thread_worker);
+  pollable_init(&g_empty_pollable, PO_EMPTY_POLLABLE);
+  return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+}
+
+static void pollset_global_shutdown(void) {
+  pollable_destroy(&g_empty_pollable);
+  gpr_tls_destroy(&g_current_thread_pollset);
+  gpr_tls_destroy(&g_current_thread_worker);
+}
+
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_all(grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  if (pollset->root_worker != NULL) {
+    grpc_pollset_worker *worker = pollset->root_worker;
+    do {
+      if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+        gpr_mu_lock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+      }
+      if (worker->initialized_cv) {
+        worker->kicked = true;
+        gpr_cv_signal(&worker->cv);
+      } else {
+        append_error(&error, grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&worker->pollable->wakeup),
+                     "pollset_shutdown");
+      }
+      if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+      }
+
+      worker = worker->links[PWL_POLLSET].next;
+    } while (worker != pollset->root_worker);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_inner(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable *p,
+                                      grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+            "PS:%p kick %p tls_pollset=%p tls_worker=%p "
+            "root_worker=(pollset:%p pollable:%p)",
+            p, specific_worker, (void *)gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_pollset),
+            (void *)gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_worker), pollset->root_worker,
+            p->root_worker);
+  }
+  if (specific_worker == NULL) {
+    if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_pollset) != (intptr_t)pollset) {
+      if (pollset->root_worker == NULL) {
+        if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_any_without_poller", p);
+        }
+        pollset->kicked_without_poller = true;
+        return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+      } else {
+        if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_any_via_wakeup_fd", p);
+        }
+        grpc_error *err = pollable_materialize(p);
+        if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return err;
+        return grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&p->wakeup);
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_any_but_awake", p);
+      }
+      return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+    }
+  } else if (specific_worker->kicked) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_specific_but_already_kicked", p);
+    }
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  } else if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_worker) ==
+             (intptr_t)specific_worker) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_specific_but_awake", p);
+    }
+    specific_worker->kicked = true;
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  } else if (specific_worker == p->root_worker) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_specific_via_wakeup_fd", p);
+    }
+    grpc_error *err = pollable_materialize(p);
+    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return err;
+    specific_worker->kicked = true;
+    return grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&p->wakeup);
+  } else {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kicked_specific_via_cv", p);
+    }
+    specific_worker->kicked = true;
+    gpr_cv_signal(&specific_worker->cv);
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+/* p->po.mu must be held before calling this function */
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                                grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
+  pollable *p = pollset->current_pollable;
+  if (p != &pollset->pollable) {
+    gpr_mu_lock(&p->po.mu);
+  }
+  grpc_error *error = pollset_kick_inner(pollset, p, specific_worker);
+  if (p != &pollset->pollable) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&p->po.mu);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void pollset_init(grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_mu **mu) {
+  pollable_init(&pollset->pollable, PO_POLLSET);
+  pollset->current_pollable = &g_empty_pollable;
+  pollset->kicked_without_poller = false;
+  pollset->shutdown_closure = NULL;
+  pollset->root_worker = NULL;
+  *mu = &pollset->pollable.po.mu;
+}
+
+/* Convert a timespec to milliseconds:
+   - Very small or negative poll times are clamped to zero to do a non-blocking
+     poll (which becomes spin polling)
+   - Other small values are rounded up to one millisecond
+   - Longer than a millisecond polls are rounded up to the next nearest
+     millisecond to avoid spinning
+   - Infinite timeouts are converted to -1 */
+static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(gpr_timespec deadline,
+                                           gpr_timespec now) {
+  gpr_timespec timeout;
+  if (gpr_time_cmp(deadline, gpr_inf_future(deadline.clock_type)) == 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (gpr_time_cmp(deadline, now) <= 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  static const gpr_timespec round_up = {
+      .clock_type = GPR_TIMESPAN, .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = GPR_NS_PER_MS - 1};
+  timeout = gpr_time_sub(deadline, now);
+  int millis = gpr_time_to_millis(gpr_time_add(timeout, round_up));
+  return millis >= 1 ? millis : 1;
+}
+
+static void fd_become_readable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                               grpc_pollset *notifier) {
+  grpc_lfev_set_ready(exec_ctx, &fd->read_closure);
+
+  /* Note, it is possible that fd_become_readable might be called twice with
+     different 'notifier's when an fd becomes readable and it is in two epoll
+     sets (This can happen briefly during polling island merges). In such cases
+     it does not really matter which notifer is set as the read_notifier_pollset
+     (They would both point to the same polling island anyway) */
+  /* Use release store to match with acquire load in fd_get_read_notifier */
+  gpr_atm_rel_store(&fd->read_notifier_pollset, (gpr_atm)notifier);
+}
+
+static void fd_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  grpc_lfev_set_ready(exec_ctx, &fd->write_closure);
+}
+
+static grpc_error *fd_become_pollable_locked(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  static const char *err_desc = "fd_become_pollable";
+  if (append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(&fd->pollable), err_desc)) {
+    append_error(&error, pollable_add_fd(&fd->pollable, fd), err_desc);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                          grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  if (pollset->shutdown_closure != NULL && pollset->root_worker == NULL) {
+    grpc_closure_sched(exec_ctx, pollset->shutdown_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+    pollset->shutdown_closure = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/* pollset->po.mu lock must be held by the caller before calling this */
+static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                             grpc_closure *closure) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(pollset->shutdown_closure == NULL);
+  pollset->shutdown_closure = closure;
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_shutdown", pollset_kick_all(pollset));
+  pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
+}
+
+static bool pollset_is_pollable_fd(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable *p) {
+  return p != &g_empty_pollable && p != &pollset->pollable;
+}
+
+/* pollset_shutdown is guaranteed to be called before pollset_destroy. */
+static void pollset_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  pollable_destroy(&pollset->pollable);
+  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, pollset->current_pollable)) {
+    UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)pollset->current_pollable, 2,
+             "pollset_pollable");
+  }
+}
+
+#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 100
+
+static grpc_error *pollset_epoll(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                                 pollable *p, gpr_timespec now,
+                                 gpr_timespec deadline) {
+  struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS];
+  static const char *err_desc = "pollset_poll";
+
+  int timeout = poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(deadline, now);
+
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p poll %p for %dms", pollset, p, timeout);
+  }
+
+  if (timeout != 0) {
+    GRPC_SCHEDULING_START_BLOCKING_REGION;
+  }
+  int r;
+  do {
+    r = epoll_wait(p->epfd, events, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS, timeout);
+  } while (r < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+  if (timeout != 0) {
+    GRPC_SCHEDULING_END_BLOCKING_REGION;
+  }
+
+  if (r < 0) return GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_wait");
+
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p poll %p got %d events", pollset, p, r);
+  }
+
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
+    void *data_ptr = events[i].data.ptr;
+    if (data_ptr == &p->wakeup) {
+      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p poll %p got pollset_wakeup", pollset, p);
+      }
+      append_error(&error, grpc_wakeup_fd_consume_wakeup(&p->wakeup), err_desc);
+    } else {
+      grpc_fd *fd = (grpc_fd *)(((intptr_t)data_ptr) & ~(intptr_t)1);
+      bool is_workqueue = (((intptr_t)data_ptr) & 1) != 0;
+      bool cancel = (events[i].events & (EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP)) != 0;
+      bool read_ev = (events[i].events & (EPOLLIN | EPOLLPRI)) != 0;
+      bool write_ev = (events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) != 0;
+      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+                "PS:%p poll %p got fd %p: is_wq=%d cancel=%d read=%d "
+                "write=%d",
+                pollset, p, fd, is_workqueue, cancel, read_ev, write_ev);
+      }
+      if (is_workqueue) {
+        append_error(&error,
+                     grpc_wakeup_fd_consume_wakeup(&fd->workqueue_wakeup_fd),
+                     err_desc);
+        fd_invoke_workqueue(exec_ctx, fd);
+      } else {
+        if (read_ev || cancel) {
+          fd_become_readable(exec_ctx, fd, pollset);
+        }
+        if (write_ev || cancel) {
+          fd_become_writable(exec_ctx, fd);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/* Return true if first in list */
+static bool worker_insert(grpc_pollset_worker **root, pollset_worker_links link,
+                          grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
+  if (*root == NULL) {
+    *root = worker;
+    worker->links[link].next = worker->links[link].prev = worker;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    worker->links[link].next = *root;
+    worker->links[link].prev = worker->links[link].next->links[link].prev;
+    worker->links[link].next->links[link].prev = worker;
+    worker->links[link].prev->links[link].next = worker;
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Return true if last in list */
+typedef enum { EMPTIED, NEW_ROOT, REMOVED } worker_remove_result;
+
+static worker_remove_result worker_remove(grpc_pollset_worker **root,
+                                          pollset_worker_links link,
+                                          grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
+  if (worker == *root) {
+    if (worker == worker->links[link].next) {
+      *root = NULL;
+      return EMPTIED;
+    } else {
+      *root = worker->links[link].next;
+      worker->links[link].prev->links[link].next = worker->links[link].next;
+      worker->links[link].next->links[link].prev = worker->links[link].prev;
+      return NEW_ROOT;
+    }
+  } else {
+    worker->links[link].prev->links[link].next = worker->links[link].next;
+    worker->links[link].next->links[link].prev = worker->links[link].prev;
+    return REMOVED;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Return true if this thread should poll */
+static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
+                         grpc_pollset_worker **worker_hdl, gpr_timespec *now,
+                         gpr_timespec deadline) {
+  bool do_poll = true;
+  if (worker_hdl != NULL) *worker_hdl = worker;
+  worker->initialized_cv = false;
+  worker->kicked = false;
+  worker->pollset = pollset;
+  worker->pollable = pollset->current_pollable;
+
+  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, worker->pollable)) {
+    REF_BY((grpc_fd *)worker->pollable, 2, "one_poll");
+  }
+
+  worker_insert(&pollset->root_worker, PWL_POLLSET, worker);
+  if (!worker_insert(&worker->pollable->root_worker, PWL_POLLABLE, worker)) {
+    worker->initialized_cv = true;
+    gpr_cv_init(&worker->cv);
+    if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    }
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace) &&
+        worker->pollable->root_worker != worker) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p wait %p w=%p for %dms", pollset,
+              worker->pollable, worker,
+              poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(deadline, *now));
+    }
+    while (do_poll && worker->pollable->root_worker != worker) {
+      if (gpr_cv_wait(&worker->cv, &worker->pollable->po.mu, deadline)) {
+        if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p timeout_wait %p w=%p", pollset,
+                  worker->pollable, worker);
+        }
+        do_poll = false;
+      } else if (worker->kicked) {
+        if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p wakeup %p w=%p", pollset, worker->pollable,
+                  worker);
+        }
+        do_poll = false;
+      } else if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace) &&
+                 worker->pollable->root_worker != worker) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p spurious_wakeup %p w=%p", pollset,
+                worker->pollable, worker);
+      }
+    }
+    if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+    }
+    *now = gpr_now(now->clock_type);
+  }
+
+  return do_poll && pollset->shutdown_closure == NULL &&
+         pollset->current_pollable == worker->pollable;
+}
+
+static void end_worker(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                       grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
+                       grpc_pollset_worker **worker_hdl) {
+  if (NEW_ROOT ==
+      worker_remove(&worker->pollable->root_worker, PWL_POLLABLE, worker)) {
+    gpr_cv_signal(&worker->pollable->root_worker->cv);
+  }
+  if (worker->initialized_cv) {
+    gpr_cv_destroy(&worker->cv);
+  }
+  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, worker->pollable)) {
+    UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)worker->pollable, 2, "one_poll");
+  }
+  if (EMPTIED == worker_remove(&pollset->root_worker, PWL_POLLSET, worker)) {
+    pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
+  }
+}
+
+/* pollset->po.mu lock must be held by the caller before calling this.
+   The function pollset_work() may temporarily release the lock (pollset->po.mu)
+   during the course of its execution but it will always re-acquire the lock and
+   ensure that it is held by the time the function returns */
+static grpc_error *pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                                grpc_pollset_worker **worker_hdl,
+                                gpr_timespec now, gpr_timespec deadline) {
+  grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+  if (0 && GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p work hdl=%p worker=%p now=%" PRId64
+                       ".%09d deadline=%" PRId64 ".%09d kwp=%d root_worker=%p",
+            pollset, worker_hdl, &worker, now.tv_sec, now.tv_nsec,
+            deadline.tv_sec, deadline.tv_nsec, pollset->kicked_without_poller,
+            pollset->root_worker);
+  }
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  static const char *err_desc = "pollset_work";
+  if (pollset->kicked_without_poller) {
+    pollset->kicked_without_poller = false;
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  }
+  if (pollset->current_pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->current_pollable->po.mu);
+  }
+  if (begin_worker(pollset, &worker, worker_hdl, &now, deadline)) {
+    gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_pollset, (intptr_t)pollset);
+    gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_worker, (intptr_t)&worker);
+    GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->shutdown_closure);
+    append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(worker.pollable), err_desc);
+    if (worker.pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&worker.pollable->po.mu);
+    }
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    append_error(&error, pollset_epoll(exec_ctx, pollset, worker.pollable, now,
+                                       deadline),
+                 err_desc);
+    grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    if (worker.pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+      gpr_mu_lock(&worker.pollable->po.mu);
+    }
+    gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_pollset, 0);
+    gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_worker, 0);
+    pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
+  }
+  end_worker(exec_ctx, pollset, &worker, worker_hdl);
+  if (worker.pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&worker.pollable->po.mu);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void unref_fd_no_longer_poller(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                                      grpc_error *error) {
+  grpc_fd *fd = arg;
+  UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, fd, 2, "pollset_pollable");
+}
+
+/* expects pollsets locked, flag whether fd is locked or not */
+static grpc_error *pollset_add_fd_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                         grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_fd *fd,
+                                         bool fd_locked) {
+  static const char *err_desc = "pollset_add_fd";
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  if (pollset->current_pollable == &g_empty_pollable) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace))
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+              "PS:%p add fd %p; transition pollable from empty to fd", pollset,
+              fd);
+    /* empty pollable --> single fd pollable */
+    append_error(&error, pollset_kick_all(pollset), err_desc);
+    pollset->current_pollable = &fd->pollable;
+    if (!fd_locked) gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+    append_error(&error, fd_become_pollable_locked(fd), err_desc);
+    if (!fd_locked) gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+    REF_BY(fd, 2, "pollset_pollable");
+  } else if (pollset->current_pollable == &pollset->pollable) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace))
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p add fd %p; already multipolling", pollset, fd);
+    append_error(&error, pollable_add_fd(pollset->current_pollable, fd),
+                 err_desc);
+  } else if (pollset->current_pollable != &fd->pollable) {
+    grpc_fd *had_fd = (grpc_fd *)pollset->current_pollable;
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace))
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+              "PS:%p add fd %p; transition pollable from fd %p to multipoller",
+              pollset, fd, had_fd);
+    append_error(&error, pollset_kick_all(pollset), err_desc);
+    pollset->current_pollable = &pollset->pollable;
+    if (append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(&pollset->pollable),
+                     err_desc)) {
+      pollable_add_fd(&pollset->pollable, had_fd);
+      pollable_add_fd(&pollset->pollable, fd);
+    }
+    grpc_closure_sched(exec_ctx,
+                       grpc_closure_create(unref_fd_no_longer_poller, had_fd,
+                                           grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx),
+                       GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void pollset_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                           grpc_fd *fd) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+  grpc_error *error = pollset_add_fd_locked(exec_ctx, pollset, fd, false);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_add_fd", error);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset-set Definitions
+ */
+
+static grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set_create(void) {
+  grpc_pollset_set *pss = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*pss));
+  po_init(&pss->po, PO_POLLSET_SET);
+  return pss;
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                grpc_pollset_set *pss) {
+  po_destroy(&pss->po);
+  gpr_free(pss);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset_set *pss,
+                               grpc_fd *fd) {
+  po_join(exec_ctx, &pss->po, &fd->pollable.po);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_del_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset_set *pss,
+                               grpc_fd *fd) {}
+
+static void pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                    grpc_pollset_set *pss, grpc_pollset *ps) {
+  po_join(exec_ctx, &pss->po, &ps->pollable.po);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                    grpc_pollset_set *pss, grpc_pollset *ps) {}
+
+static void pollset_set_add_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *item) {
+  po_join(exec_ctx, &bag->po, &item->po);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_del_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *item) {}
+
+static void po_init(polling_obj *po, polling_obj_type type) {
+  gpr_mu_init(&po->mu);
+  po->type = type;
+  po->group = NULL;
+  po->next = po;
+  po->prev = po;
+}
+
+static polling_group *pg_lock_latest(polling_group *pg) {
+  /* assumes pg unlocked; consumes ref, returns ref */
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pg->po.mu);
+  while (pg->po.group != NULL) {
+    polling_group *new_pg = pg_ref(pg->po.group);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pg->po.mu);
+    pg_unref(pg);
+    pg = new_pg;
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pg->po.mu);
+  }
+  return pg;
+}
+
+static void po_destroy(polling_obj *po) {
+  if (po->group != NULL) {
+    polling_group *pg = pg_lock_latest(po->group);
+    po->prev->next = po->next;
+    po->next->prev = po->prev;
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pg->po.mu);
+    pg_unref(pg);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&po->mu);
+}
+
+static polling_group *pg_ref(polling_group *pg) {
+  gpr_ref(&pg->refs);
+  return pg;
+}
+
+static void pg_unref(polling_group *pg) {
+  if (gpr_unref(&pg->refs)) {
+    po_destroy(&pg->po);
+    gpr_free(pg);
+  }
+}
+
+static int po_cmp(polling_obj *a, polling_obj *b) {
+  if (a == b) return 0;
+  if (a->type < b->type) return -1;
+  if (a->type > b->type) return 1;
+  if (a < b) return -1;
+  assert(a > b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static void po_join(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_obj *a, polling_obj *b) {
+  switch (po_cmp(a, b)) {
+    case 0:
+      return;
+    case 1:
+      GPR_SWAP(polling_obj *, a, b);
+    /* fall through */
+    case -1:
+      gpr_mu_lock(&a->mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&b->mu);
+
+      if (a->group == NULL) {
+        if (b->group == NULL) {
+          polling_obj *initial_po[] = {a, b};
+          pg_create(exec_ctx, initial_po, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(initial_po));
+          gpr_mu_unlock(&a->mu);
+          gpr_mu_unlock(&b->mu);
+        } else {
+          polling_group *b_group = pg_ref(b->group);
+          gpr_mu_unlock(&b->mu);
+          gpr_mu_unlock(&a->mu);
+          pg_join(exec_ctx, b_group, a);
+        }
+      } else if (b->group == NULL) {
+        polling_group *a_group = pg_ref(a->group);
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&a->mu);
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&b->mu);
+        pg_join(exec_ctx, a_group, b);
+      } else if (a->group == b->group) {
+        /* nothing to do */
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&a->mu);
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&b->mu);
+      } else {
+        polling_group *a_group = pg_ref(a->group);
+        polling_group *b_group = pg_ref(b->group);
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&a->mu);
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&b->mu);
+        pg_merge(exec_ctx, a_group, b_group);
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+static void pg_notify(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_obj *a, polling_obj *b) {
+  if (a->type == PO_FD && b->type == PO_POLLSET) {
+    pollset_add_fd_locked(exec_ctx, (grpc_pollset *)b, (grpc_fd *)a, true);
+  } else if (a->type == PO_POLLSET && b->type == PO_FD) {
+    pollset_add_fd_locked(exec_ctx, (grpc_pollset *)a, (grpc_fd *)b, true);
+  }
+}
+
+static void pg_broadcast(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_group *from,
+                         polling_group *to) {
+  for (polling_obj *a = from->po.next; a != &from->po; a = a->next) {
+    for (polling_obj *b = to->po.next; b != &to->po; b = b->next) {
+      if (po_cmp(a, b) < 0) {
+        gpr_mu_lock(&a->mu);
+        gpr_mu_lock(&b->mu);
+      } else {
+        GPR_ASSERT(po_cmp(a, b) != 0);
+        gpr_mu_lock(&b->mu);
+        gpr_mu_lock(&a->mu);
+      }
+      pg_notify(exec_ctx, a, b);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&a->mu);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&b->mu);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void pg_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_obj **initial_po,
+                      size_t initial_po_count) {
+  /* assumes all polling objects in initial_po are locked */
+  polling_group *pg = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*pg));
+  po_init(&pg->po, PO_POLLING_GROUP);
+  gpr_ref_init(&pg->refs, (int)initial_po_count);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < initial_po_count; i++) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(initial_po[i]->group == NULL);
+    initial_po[i]->group = pg;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < initial_po_count; i++) {
+    initial_po[i]->prev = initial_po[i - 1];
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < initial_po_count - 1; i++) {
+    initial_po[i]->next = initial_po[i + 1];
+  }
+  initial_po[0]->prev = &pg->po;
+  initial_po[initial_po_count - 1]->next = &pg->po;
+  pg->po.next = initial_po[0];
+  pg->po.prev = initial_po[initial_po_count - 1];
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < initial_po_count; i++) {
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      pg_notify(exec_ctx, initial_po[i], initial_po[j]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void pg_join(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_group *pg,
+                    polling_obj *po) {
+  /* assumes neither pg nor po are locked; consumes one ref to pg */
+  pg = pg_lock_latest(pg);
+  /* pg locked */
+  for (polling_obj *existing = pg->po.next /* skip pg - it's just a stub */;
+       existing != &pg->po; existing = existing->next) {
+    if (po_cmp(po, existing) < 0) {
+      gpr_mu_lock(&po->mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&existing->mu);
+    } else {
+      GPR_ASSERT(po_cmp(po, existing) != 0);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&existing->mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&po->mu);
+    }
+    /* pg, po, existing locked */
+    if (po->group != NULL) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&pg->po.mu);
+      polling_group *po_group = pg_ref(po->group);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&po->mu);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&existing->mu);
+      pg_merge(exec_ctx, pg, po_group);
+      /* early exit: polling obj picked up a group during joining: we needed
+         to do a full merge */
+      return;
+    }
+    pg_notify(exec_ctx, po, existing);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&po->mu);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&existing->mu);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_lock(&po->mu);
+  if (po->group != NULL) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pg->po.mu);
+    polling_group *po_group = pg_ref(po->group);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&po->mu);
+    pg_merge(exec_ctx, pg, po_group);
+    /* early exit: polling obj picked up a group during joining: we needed
+       to do a full merge */
+    return;
+  }
+  po->group = pg;
+  po->next = &pg->po;
+  po->prev = pg->po.prev;
+  po->prev->next = po->next->prev = po;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pg->po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&po->mu);
+}
+
+static void pg_merge(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_group *a,
+                     polling_group *b) {
+  for (;;) {
+    if (a == b) {
+      pg_unref(a);
+      pg_unref(b);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (a > b) GPR_SWAP(polling_group *, a, b);
+    gpr_mu_lock(&a->po.mu);
+    gpr_mu_lock(&b->po.mu);
+    if (a->po.group != NULL) {
+      polling_group *m2 = pg_ref(a->po.group);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&a->po.mu);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&b->po.mu);
+      pg_unref(a);
+      a = m2;
+    } else if (b->po.group != NULL) {
+      polling_group *m2 = pg_ref(b->po.group);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&a->po.mu);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&b->po.mu);
+      pg_unref(b);
+      b = m2;
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  polling_group **unref = NULL;
+  size_t unref_count = 0;
+  size_t unref_cap = 0;
+  b->po.group = a;
+  pg_broadcast(exec_ctx, a, b);
+  pg_broadcast(exec_ctx, b, a);
+  while (b->po.next != &b->po) {
+    polling_obj *po = b->po.next;
+    gpr_mu_lock(&po->mu);
+    if (unref_count == unref_cap) {
+      unref_cap = GPR_MAX(8, 3 * unref_cap / 2);
+      unref = gpr_realloc(unref, unref_cap * sizeof(*unref));
+    }
+    unref[unref_count++] = po->group;
+    po->group = pg_ref(a);
+    // unlink from b
+    po->prev->next = po->next;
+    po->next->prev = po->prev;
+    // link to a
+    po->next = &a->po;
+    po->prev = a->po.prev;
+    po->next->prev = po->prev->next = po;
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&po->mu);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&a->po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&b->po.mu);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < unref_count; i++) {
+    pg_unref(unref[i]);
+  }
+  gpr_free(unref);
+  pg_unref(b);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Event engine binding
+ */
+
+static void shutdown_engine(void) {
+  fd_global_shutdown();
+  pollset_global_shutdown();
+}
+
+static const grpc_event_engine_vtable vtable = {
+    .pollset_size = sizeof(grpc_pollset),
+
+    .fd_create = fd_create,
+    .fd_wrapped_fd = fd_wrapped_fd,
+    .fd_orphan = fd_orphan,
+    .fd_shutdown = fd_shutdown,
+    .fd_is_shutdown = fd_is_shutdown,
+    .fd_notify_on_read = fd_notify_on_read,
+    .fd_notify_on_write = fd_notify_on_write,
+    .fd_get_read_notifier_pollset = fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
+    .fd_get_workqueue = fd_get_workqueue,
+
+    .pollset_init = pollset_init,
+    .pollset_shutdown = pollset_shutdown,
+    .pollset_destroy = pollset_destroy,
+    .pollset_work = pollset_work,
+    .pollset_kick = pollset_kick,
+    .pollset_add_fd = pollset_add_fd,
+
+    .pollset_set_create = pollset_set_create,
+    .pollset_set_destroy = pollset_set_destroy,
+    .pollset_set_add_pollset = pollset_set_add_pollset,
+    .pollset_set_del_pollset = pollset_set_del_pollset,
+    .pollset_set_add_pollset_set = pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
+    .pollset_set_del_pollset_set = pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
+    .pollset_set_add_fd = pollset_set_add_fd,
+    .pollset_set_del_fd = pollset_set_del_fd,
+
+    .workqueue_ref = workqueue_ref,
+    .workqueue_unref = workqueue_unref,
+    .workqueue_scheduler = workqueue_scheduler,
+
+    .shutdown_engine = shutdown_engine,
+};
+
+const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_epollex_linux(
+    bool explicitly_requested) {
+  if (!explicitly_requested) return NULL;
+
+  if (!grpc_has_wakeup_fd()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!grpc_is_epollexclusive_available()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  fd_global_init();
+
+  if (!GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_global_init", pollset_global_init())) {
+    pollset_global_shutdown();
+    fd_global_shutdown();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return &vtable;
+}
+
+#else /* defined(GRPC_LINUX_EPOLL) */
+#if defined(GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET)
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h"
+/* If GRPC_LINUX_EPOLL is not defined, it means epoll is not available. Return
+ * NULL */
+const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_epollex_linux(
+    bool explicitly_requested) {
+  return NULL;
+}
+#endif /* defined(GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET) */
+
+#endif /* !defined(GRPC_LINUX_EPOLL) */