grpc 1.28.0 → 1.37.0

data/src/ruby/spec/testdata/client.key

@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+nSwXX+2o0J/nF85fm4AwWKAc
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

data/src/ruby/spec/testdata/client.pem

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIICHzCCAYgCAQEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVjELMAkGA1UEBhMCQVUxEzARBgNV
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

data/src/ruby/spec/testdata/server1.key

@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

data/src/ruby/spec/testdata/server1.pem

@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIICnDCCAgWgAwIBAgIBBzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

data/src/ruby/spec/user_agent_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright 2020 gRPC authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+# a test service that checks the cert of its peer
+class UserAgentEchoService
+  include GRPC::GenericService
+  rpc :an_rpc, EchoMsg, EchoMsg
+
+  def an_rpc(_req, call)
+    EchoMsg.new(msg: call.metadata['user-agent'])
+  end
+end
+
+UserAgentEchoServiceStub = UserAgentEchoService.rpc_stub_class
+
+describe 'user agent' do
+  RpcServer = GRPC::RpcServer
+
+  before(:all) do
+    server_opts = {
+      poll_period: 1
+    }
+    @srv = new_rpc_server_for_testing(**server_opts)
+    @port = @srv.add_http2_port('0.0.0.0:0', :this_port_is_insecure)
+    @srv.handle(UserAgentEchoService)
+    @srv_thd = Thread.new { @srv.run }
+    @srv.wait_till_running
+  end
+
+  after(:all) do
+    expect(@srv.stopped?).to be(false)
+    @srv.stop
+    @srv_thd.join
+  end
+
+  it 'client sends expected user agent' do
+    stub = UserAgentEchoServiceStub.new("localhost:#{@port}",
+                                        :this_channel_is_insecure,
+                                        {})
+    response = stub.an_rpc(EchoMsg.new)
+    expected_user_agent_prefix = "grpc-ruby/#{GRPC::VERSION}"
+    expect(response.msg.start_with?(expected_user_agent_prefix)).to be true
+    # check that the expected user agent prefix occurs in the real user agent exactly once
+    expect(response.msg.split(expected_user_agent_prefix).size).to eq 2
+  end
+
+  it 'user agent header does not grow when the same channel args hash is used across multiple stubs' do
+    shared_channel_args_hash = {}
+    10.times do
+      stub = UserAgentEchoServiceStub.new("localhost:#{@port}",
+                                          :this_channel_is_insecure,
+                                          channel_args: shared_channel_args_hash)
+      response = stub.an_rpc(EchoMsg.new)
+      puts "got echo response: #{response.msg}"
+      expected_user_agent_prefix = "grpc-ruby/#{GRPC::VERSION}"
+      expect(response.msg.start_with?(expected_user_agent_prefix)).to be true
+      # check that the expected user agent prefix occurs in the real user agent exactly once
+      expect(response.msg.split(expected_user_agent_prefix).size).to eq 2
+    end
+  end
+end

data/third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/algorithm/container.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1764 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// File: container.h
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This header file provides Container-based versions of algorithmic functions
+// within the C++ standard library. The following standard library sets of
+// functions are covered within this file:
+//
+//   * Algorithmic <iterator> functions
+//   * Algorithmic <numeric> functions
+//   * <algorithm> functions
+//
+// The standard library functions operate on iterator ranges; the functions
+// within this API operate on containers, though many return iterator ranges.
+//
+// All functions within this API are named with a `c_` prefix. Calls such as
+// `absl::c_xx(container, ...) are equivalent to std:: functions such as
+// `std::xx(std::begin(cont), std::end(cont), ...)`. Functions that act on
+// iterators but not conceptually on iterator ranges (e.g. `std::iter_swap`)
+// have no equivalent here.
+//
+// For template parameter and variable naming, `C` indicates the container type
+// to which the function is applied, `Pred` indicates the predicate object type
+// to be used by the function and `T` indicates the applicable element type.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_ALGORITHM_CONTAINER_H_
+#define ABSL_ALGORITHM_CONTAINER_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/algorithm/algorithm.h"
+#include "absl/base/macros.h"
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace container_algorithm_internal {
+
+// NOTE: it is important to defer to ADL lookup for building with C++ modules,
+// especially for headers like <valarray> which are not visible from this file
+// but specialize std::begin and std::end.
+using std::begin;
+using std::end;
+
+// The type of the iterator given by begin(c) (possibly std::begin(c)).
+// ContainerIter<const vector<T>> gives vector<T>::const_iterator,
+// while ContainerIter<vector<T>> gives vector<T>::iterator.
+template <typename C>
+using ContainerIter = decltype(begin(std::declval<C&>()));
+
+// An MSVC bug involving template parameter substitution requires us to use
+// decltype() here instead of just std::pair.
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+using ContainerIterPairType =
+    decltype(std::make_pair(ContainerIter<C1>(), ContainerIter<C2>()));
+
+template <typename C>
+using ContainerDifferenceType =
+    decltype(std::distance(std::declval<ContainerIter<C>>(),
+                           std::declval<ContainerIter<C>>()));
+
+template <typename C>
+using ContainerPointerType =
+    typename std::iterator_traits<ContainerIter<C>>::pointer;
+
+// container_algorithm_internal::c_begin and
+// container_algorithm_internal::c_end are abbreviations for proper ADL
+// lookup of std::begin and std::end, i.e.
+//   using std::begin;
+//   using std::end;
+//   std::foo(begin(c), end(c);
+// becomes
+//   std::foo(container_algorithm_internal::begin(c),
+//   container_algorithm_internal::end(c));
+// These are meant for internal use only.
+
+template <typename C>
+ContainerIter<C> c_begin(C& c) { return begin(c); }
+
+template <typename C>
+ContainerIter<C> c_end(C& c) { return end(c); }
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IsUnorderedContainer : std::false_type {};
+
+template <class Key, class T, class Hash, class KeyEqual, class Allocator>
+struct IsUnorderedContainer<
+    std::unordered_map<Key, T, Hash, KeyEqual, Allocator>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <class Key, class Hash, class KeyEqual, class Allocator>
+struct IsUnorderedContainer<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, KeyEqual, Allocator>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// container_algorithm_internal::c_size. It is meant for internal use only.
+
+template <class C>
+auto c_size(C& c) -> decltype(c.size()) {
+  return c.size();
+}
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N>
+constexpr std::size_t c_size(T (&)[N]) {
+  return N;
+}
+
+}  // namespace container_algorithm_internal
+
+// PUBLIC API
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Abseil algorithm.h functions
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_linear_search()
+//
+// Container-based version of absl::linear_search() for performing a linear
+// search within a container.
+template <typename C, typename EqualityComparable>
+bool c_linear_search(const C& c, EqualityComparable&& value) {
+  return linear_search(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                       std::forward<EqualityComparable>(value));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <iterator> algorithms
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_distance()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <iterator> `std::distance()` function to
+// return the number of elements within a container.
+template <typename C>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerDifferenceType<const C> c_distance(
+    const C& c) {
+  return std::distance(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Non-modifying sequence operations
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_all_of()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::all_of()` function to
+// test a condition on all elements within a container.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+bool c_all_of(const C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::all_of(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                     std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_any_of()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::any_of()` function to
+// test if any element in a container fulfills a condition.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+bool c_any_of(const C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::any_of(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                     std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_none_of()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::none_of()` function to
+// test if no elements in a container fulfil a condition.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+bool c_none_of(const C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::none_of(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                      std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_for_each()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::for_each()` function to
+// apply a function to a container's elements.
+template <typename C, typename Function>
+decay_t<Function> c_for_each(C&& c, Function&& f) {
+  return std::for_each(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                       std::forward<Function>(f));
+}
+
+// c_find()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::find()` function to find
+// the first element containing the passed value within a container value.
+template <typename C, typename T>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_find(C& c, T&& value) {
+  return std::find(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                   std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// c_find_if()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::find_if()` function to find
+// the first element in a container matching the given condition.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_find_if(C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::find_if(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                      std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_find_if_not()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::find_if_not()` function to
+// find the first element in a container not matching the given condition.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_find_if_not(C& c,
+                                                             Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::find_if_not(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                          std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_find_end()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::find_end()` function to
+// find the last subsequence within a container.
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence1> c_find_end(
+    Sequence1& sequence, Sequence2& subsequence) {
+  return std::find_end(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(subsequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(subsequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_find_end() for using a predicate evaluation other than `==` as
+// the function's test condition.
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2, typename BinaryPredicate>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence1> c_find_end(
+    Sequence1& sequence, Sequence2& subsequence, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return std::find_end(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(subsequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(subsequence),
+                       std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_find_first_of()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::find_first_of()` function to
+// find the first element within the container that is also within the options
+// container.
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C1> c_find_first_of(C1& container,
+                                                                C2& options) {
+  return std::find_first_of(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(container),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(container),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(options),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(options));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_find_first_of() for using a predicate evaluation other than
+// `==` as the function's test condition.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename BinaryPredicate>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C1> c_find_first_of(
+    C1& container, C2& options, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return std::find_first_of(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(container),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(container),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(options),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(options),
+                            std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_adjacent_find()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::adjacent_find()` function to
+// find equal adjacent elements within a container.
+template <typename Sequence>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_adjacent_find(
+    Sequence& sequence) {
+  return std::adjacent_find(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_adjacent_find() for using a predicate evaluation other than
+// `==` as the function's test condition.
+template <typename Sequence, typename BinaryPredicate>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_adjacent_find(
+    Sequence& sequence, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return std::adjacent_find(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                            std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_count()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::count()` function to count
+// values that match within a container.
+template <typename C, typename T>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerDifferenceType<const C> c_count(
+    const C& c, T&& value) {
+  return std::count(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                    std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// c_count_if()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::count_if()` function to
+// count values matching a condition within a container.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerDifferenceType<const C> c_count_if(
+    const C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::count_if(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                       std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_mismatch()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::mismatch()` function to
+// return the first element where two ordered containers differ. Applies `==` to
+// the first N elements of `c1` and `c2`, where N = min(size(c1), size(c2)).
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIterPairType<C1, C2>
+c_mismatch(C1& c1, C2& c2) {
+  auto first1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1);
+  auto last1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1);
+  auto first2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2);
+  auto last2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2);
+
+  for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, (void)++first2) {
+    // Negates equality because Cpp17EqualityComparable doesn't require clients
+    // to overload both `operator==` and `operator!=`.
+    if (!(*first1 == *first2)) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return std::make_pair(first1, first2);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_mismatch() for using a predicate evaluation other than `==` as
+// the function's test condition. Applies `pred`to the first N elements of `c1`
+// and `c2`, where N = min(size(c1), size(c2)).
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename BinaryPredicate>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIterPairType<C1, C2>
+c_mismatch(C1& c1, C2& c2, BinaryPredicate pred) {
+  auto first1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1);
+  auto last1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1);
+  auto first2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2);
+  auto last2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2);
+
+  for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, (void)++first2) {
+    if (!pred(*first1, *first2)) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return std::make_pair(first1, first2);
+}
+
+// c_equal()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::equal()` function to
+// test whether two containers are equal.
+//
+// NOTE: the semantics of c_equal() are slightly different than those of
+// equal(): while the latter iterates over the second container only up to the
+// size of the first container, c_equal() also checks whether the container
+// sizes are equal.  This better matches expectations about c_equal() based on
+// its signature.
+//
+// Example:
+//   vector v1 = <1, 2, 3>;
+//   vector v2 = <1, 2, 3, 4>;
+//   equal(std::begin(v1), std::end(v1), std::begin(v2)) returns true
+//   c_equal(v1, v2) returns false
+
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+bool c_equal(const C1& c1, const C2& c2) {
+  return ((container_algorithm_internal::c_size(c1) ==
+           container_algorithm_internal::c_size(c2)) &&
+          std::equal(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2)));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_equal() for using a predicate evaluation other than `==` as
+// the function's test condition.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename BinaryPredicate>
+bool c_equal(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return ((container_algorithm_internal::c_size(c1) ==
+           container_algorithm_internal::c_size(c2)) &&
+          std::equal(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                     std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred)));
+}
+
+// c_is_permutation()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::is_permutation()` function
+// to test whether a container is a permutation of another.
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+bool c_is_permutation(const C1& c1, const C2& c2) {
+  using std::begin;
+  using std::end;
+  return c1.size() == c2.size() &&
+         std::is_permutation(begin(c1), end(c1), begin(c2));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_is_permutation() for using a predicate evaluation other than
+// `==` as the function's test condition.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename BinaryPredicate>
+bool c_is_permutation(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  using std::begin;
+  using std::end;
+  return c1.size() == c2.size() &&
+         std::is_permutation(begin(c1), end(c1), begin(c2),
+                             std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_search()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::search()` function to search
+// a container for a subsequence.
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence1> c_search(
+    Sequence1& sequence, Sequence2& subsequence) {
+  return std::search(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(subsequence),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(subsequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_search() for using a predicate evaluation other than
+// `==` as the function's test condition.
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2, typename BinaryPredicate>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence1> c_search(
+    Sequence1& sequence, Sequence2& subsequence, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return std::search(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(subsequence),
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(subsequence),
+                     std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_search_n()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::search_n()` function to
+// search a container for the first sequence of N elements.
+template <typename Sequence, typename Size, typename T>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_search_n(
+    Sequence& sequence, Size count, T&& value) {
+  return std::search_n(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence), count,
+                       std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_search_n() for using a predicate evaluation other than
+// `==` as the function's test condition.
+template <typename Sequence, typename Size, typename T,
+          typename BinaryPredicate>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_search_n(
+    Sequence& sequence, Size count, T&& value, BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return std::search_n(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence), count,
+                       std::forward<T>(value),
+                       std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Modifying sequence operations
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::copy()` function to copy a
+// container's elements into an iterator.
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_copy(const InputSequence& input, OutputIterator output) {
+  return std::copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input), output);
+}
+
+// c_copy_n()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::copy_n()` function to copy a
+// container's first N elements into an iterator.
+template <typename C, typename Size, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_copy_n(const C& input, Size n, OutputIterator output) {
+  return std::copy_n(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input), n, output);
+}
+
+// c_copy_if()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::copy_if()` function to copy
+// a container's elements satisfying some condition into an iterator.
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIterator, typename Pred>
+OutputIterator c_copy_if(const InputSequence& input, OutputIterator output,
+                         Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::copy_if(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input), output,
+                      std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_copy_backward()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::copy_backward()` function to
+// copy a container's elements in reverse order into an iterator.
+template <typename C, typename BidirectionalIterator>
+BidirectionalIterator c_copy_backward(const C& src,
+                                      BidirectionalIterator dest) {
+  return std::copy_backward(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(src),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(src), dest);
+}
+
+// c_move()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::move()` function to move
+// a container's elements into an iterator.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_move(C&& src, OutputIterator dest) {
+  return std::move(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(src),
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(src), dest);
+}
+
+// c_move_backward()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::move_backward()` function to
+// move a container's elements into an iterator in reverse order.
+template <typename C, typename BidirectionalIterator>
+BidirectionalIterator c_move_backward(C&& src, BidirectionalIterator dest) {
+  return std::move_backward(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(src),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(src), dest);
+}
+
+// c_swap_ranges()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::swap_ranges()` function to
+// swap a container's elements with another container's elements. Swaps the
+// first N elements of `c1` and `c2`, where N = min(size(c1), size(c2)).
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C2> c_swap_ranges(C1& c1, C2& c2) {
+  auto first1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1);
+  auto last1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1);
+  auto first2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2);
+  auto last2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2);
+
+  using std::swap;
+  for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, (void)++first2) {
+    swap(*first1, *first2);
+  }
+  return first2;
+}
+
+// c_transform()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::transform()` function to
+// transform a container's elements using the unary operation, storing the
+// result in an iterator pointing to the last transformed element in the output
+// range.
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIterator, typename UnaryOp>
+OutputIterator c_transform(const InputSequence& input, OutputIterator output,
+                           UnaryOp&& unary_op) {
+  return std::transform(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input), output,
+                        std::forward<UnaryOp>(unary_op));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_transform() for performing a transformation using a binary
+// predicate. Applies `binary_op` to the first N elements of `c1` and `c2`,
+// where N = min(size(c1), size(c2)).
+template <typename InputSequence1, typename InputSequence2,
+          typename OutputIterator, typename BinaryOp>
+OutputIterator c_transform(const InputSequence1& input1,
+                           const InputSequence2& input2, OutputIterator output,
+                           BinaryOp&& binary_op) {
+  auto first1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input1);
+  auto last1 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input1);
+  auto first2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input2);
+  auto last2 = container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input2);
+  for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2;
+       ++first1, (void)++first2, ++output) {
+    *output = binary_op(*first1, *first2);
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+// c_replace()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::replace()` function to
+// replace a container's elements of some value with a new value. The container
+// is modified in place.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+void c_replace(Sequence& sequence, const T& old_value, const T& new_value) {
+  std::replace(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence), old_value,
+               new_value);
+}
+
+// c_replace_if()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::replace_if()` function to
+// replace a container's elements of some value with a new value based on some
+// condition. The container is modified in place.
+template <typename C, typename Pred, typename T>
+void c_replace_if(C& c, Pred&& pred, T&& new_value) {
+  std::replace_if(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                  container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                  std::forward<Pred>(pred), std::forward<T>(new_value));
+}
+
+// c_replace_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::replace_copy()` function to
+// replace a container's elements of some value with a new value  and return the
+// results within an iterator.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator, typename T>
+OutputIterator c_replace_copy(const C& c, OutputIterator result, T&& old_value,
+                              T&& new_value) {
+  return std::replace_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                           container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), result,
+                           std::forward<T>(old_value),
+                           std::forward<T>(new_value));
+}
+
+// c_replace_copy_if()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::replace_copy_if()` function
+// to replace a container's elements of some value with a new value based on
+// some condition, and return the results within an iterator.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator, typename Pred, typename T>
+OutputIterator c_replace_copy_if(const C& c, OutputIterator result, Pred&& pred,
+                                 T&& new_value) {
+  return std::replace_copy_if(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                              container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), result,
+                              std::forward<Pred>(pred),
+                              std::forward<T>(new_value));
+}
+
+// c_fill()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::fill()` function to fill a
+// container with some value.
+template <typename C, typename T>
+void c_fill(C& c, T&& value) {
+  std::fill(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// c_fill_n()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::fill_n()` function to fill
+// the first N elements in a container with some value.
+template <typename C, typename Size, typename T>
+void c_fill_n(C& c, Size n, T&& value) {
+  std::fill_n(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c), n,
+              std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// c_generate()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::generate()` function to
+// assign a container's elements to the values provided by the given generator.
+template <typename C, typename Generator>
+void c_generate(C& c, Generator&& gen) {
+  std::generate(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                std::forward<Generator>(gen));
+}
+
+// c_generate_n()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::generate_n()` function to
+// assign a container's first N elements to the values provided by the given
+// generator.
+template <typename C, typename Size, typename Generator>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_generate_n(C& c, Size n,
+                                                            Generator&& gen) {
+  return std::generate_n(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c), n,
+                         std::forward<Generator>(gen));
+}
+
+// Note: `c_xx()` <algorithm> container versions for `remove()`, `remove_if()`,
+// and `unique()` are omitted, because it's not clear whether or not such
+// functions should call erase on their supplied sequences afterwards. Either
+// behavior would be surprising for a different set of users.
+
+// c_remove_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::remove_copy()` function to
+// copy a container's elements while removing any elements matching the given
+// `value`.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator, typename T>
+OutputIterator c_remove_copy(const C& c, OutputIterator result, T&& value) {
+  return std::remove_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), result,
+                          std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// c_remove_copy_if()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::remove_copy_if()` function
+// to copy a container's elements while removing any elements matching the given
+// condition.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator, typename Pred>
+OutputIterator c_remove_copy_if(const C& c, OutputIterator result,
+                                Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::remove_copy_if(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), result,
+                             std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_unique_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::unique_copy()` function to
+// copy a container's elements while removing any elements containing duplicate
+// values.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_unique_copy(const C& c, OutputIterator result) {
+  return std::unique_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), result);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_unique_copy() for using a predicate evaluation other than
+// `==` for comparing uniqueness of the element values.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator, typename BinaryPredicate>
+OutputIterator c_unique_copy(const C& c, OutputIterator result,
+                             BinaryPredicate&& pred) {
+  return std::unique_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), result,
+                          std::forward<BinaryPredicate>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_reverse()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::reverse()` function to
+// reverse a container's elements.
+template <typename Sequence>
+void c_reverse(Sequence& sequence) {
+  std::reverse(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// c_reverse_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::reverse()` function to
+// reverse a container's elements and write them to an iterator range.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_reverse_copy(const C& sequence, OutputIterator result) {
+  return std::reverse_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                           container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                           result);
+}
+
+// c_rotate()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::rotate()` function to
+// shift a container's elements leftward such that the `middle` element becomes
+// the first element in the container.
+template <typename C,
+          typename Iterator = container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C>>
+Iterator c_rotate(C& sequence, Iterator middle) {
+  return absl::rotate(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence), middle,
+                      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// c_rotate_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::rotate_copy()` function to
+// shift a container's elements leftward such that the `middle` element becomes
+// the first element in a new iterator range.
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_rotate_copy(
+    const C& sequence,
+    container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<const C> middle,
+    OutputIterator result) {
+  return std::rotate_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          middle, container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          result);
+}
+
+// c_shuffle()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::shuffle()` function to
+// randomly shuffle elements within the container using a `gen()` uniform random
+// number generator.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename UniformRandomBitGenerator>
+void c_shuffle(RandomAccessContainer& c, UniformRandomBitGenerator&& gen) {
+  std::shuffle(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+               std::forward<UniformRandomBitGenerator>(gen));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Partition functions
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_is_partitioned()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::is_partitioned()` function
+// to test whether all elements in the container for which `pred` returns `true`
+// precede those for which `pred` is `false`.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+bool c_is_partitioned(const C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::is_partitioned(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                             std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_partition()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partition()` function
+// to rearrange all elements in a container in such a way that all elements for
+// which `pred` returns `true` precede all those for which it returns `false`,
+// returning an iterator to the first element of the second group.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_partition(C& c, Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::partition(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                        std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_stable_partition()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::stable_partition()` function
+// to rearrange all elements in a container in such a way that all elements for
+// which `pred` returns `true` precede all those for which it returns `false`,
+// preserving the relative ordering between the two groups. The function returns
+// an iterator to the first element of the second group.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_stable_partition(C& c,
+                                                                  Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::stable_partition(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                               std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_partition_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partition_copy()` function
+// to partition a container's elements and return them into two iterators: one
+// for which `pred` returns `true`, and one for which `pred` returns `false.`
+
+template <typename C, typename OutputIterator1, typename OutputIterator2,
+          typename Pred>
+std::pair<OutputIterator1, OutputIterator2> c_partition_copy(
+    const C& c, OutputIterator1 out_true, OutputIterator2 out_false,
+    Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::partition_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c), out_true,
+                             out_false, std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+// c_partition_point()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partition_point()` function
+// to return the first element of an already partitioned container for which
+// the given `pred` is not `true`.
+template <typename C, typename Pred>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_partition_point(C& c,
+                                                                 Pred&& pred) {
+  return std::partition_point(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                              container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                              std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Sorting functions
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_sort()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::sort()` function
+// to sort elements in ascending order of their values.
+template <typename C>
+void c_sort(C& c) {
+  std::sort(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_sort() for performing a `comp` comparison other than the
+// default `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+void c_sort(C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  std::sort(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+            std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_stable_sort()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::stable_sort()` function
+// to sort elements in ascending order of their values, preserving the order
+// of equivalents.
+template <typename C>
+void c_stable_sort(C& c) {
+  std::stable_sort(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_stable_sort() for performing a `comp` comparison other than the
+// default `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+void c_stable_sort(C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  std::stable_sort(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                   std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_is_sorted()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::is_sorted()` function
+// to evaluate whether the given container is sorted in ascending order.
+template <typename C>
+bool c_is_sorted(const C& c) {
+  return std::is_sorted(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// c_is_sorted() overload for performing a `comp` comparison other than the
+// default `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+bool c_is_sorted(const C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::is_sorted(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                        std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_partial_sort()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partial_sort()` function
+// to rearrange elements within a container such that elements before `middle`
+// are sorted in ascending order.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+void c_partial_sort(
+    RandomAccessContainer& sequence,
+    container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer> middle) {
+  std::partial_sort(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence), middle,
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_partial_sort() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+void c_partial_sort(
+    RandomAccessContainer& sequence,
+    container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer> middle,
+    Compare&& comp) {
+  std::partial_sort(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence), middle,
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                    std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_partial_sort_copy()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partial_sort_copy()`
+// function to sort the elements in the given range `result` within the larger
+// `sequence` in ascending order (and using `result` as the output parameter).
+// At most min(result.last - result.first, sequence.last - sequence.first)
+// elements from the sequence will be stored in the result.
+template <typename C, typename RandomAccessContainer>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer>
+c_partial_sort_copy(const C& sequence, RandomAccessContainer& result) {
+  return std::partial_sort_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                                container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(result),
+                                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(result));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_partial_sort_copy() for performing a `comp` comparison other
+// than the default `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer>
+c_partial_sort_copy(const C& sequence, RandomAccessContainer& result,
+                    Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::partial_sort_copy(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                                container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(result),
+                                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(result),
+                                std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_is_sorted_until()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::is_sorted_until()` function
+// to return the first element within a container that is not sorted in
+// ascending order as an iterator.
+template <typename C>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_is_sorted_until(C& c) {
+  return std::is_sorted_until(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                              container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_is_sorted_until() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> c_is_sorted_until(
+    C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::is_sorted_until(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                              container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                              std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_nth_element()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::nth_element()` function
+// to rearrange the elements within a container such that the `nth` element
+// would be in that position in an ordered sequence; other elements may be in
+// any order, except that all preceding `nth` will be less than that element,
+// and all following `nth` will be greater than that element.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+void c_nth_element(
+    RandomAccessContainer& sequence,
+    container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer> nth) {
+  std::nth_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence), nth,
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_nth_element() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+void c_nth_element(
+    RandomAccessContainer& sequence,
+    container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer> nth,
+    Compare&& comp) {
+  std::nth_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence), nth,
+                   container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                   std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Binary Search
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_lower_bound()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::lower_bound()` function
+// to return an iterator pointing to the first element in a sorted container
+// which does not compare less than `value`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_lower_bound(
+    Sequence& sequence, T&& value) {
+  return std::lower_bound(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_lower_bound() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_lower_bound(
+    Sequence& sequence, T&& value, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::lower_bound(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<T>(value), std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_upper_bound()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::upper_bound()` function
+// to return an iterator pointing to the first element in a sorted container
+// which is greater than `value`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_upper_bound(
+    Sequence& sequence, T&& value) {
+  return std::upper_bound(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_upper_bound() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_upper_bound(
+    Sequence& sequence, T&& value, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::upper_bound(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<T>(value), std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_equal_range()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::equal_range()` function
+// to return an iterator pair pointing to the first and last elements in a
+// sorted container which compare equal to `value`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIterPairType<Sequence, Sequence>
+c_equal_range(Sequence& sequence, T&& value) {
+  return std::equal_range(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_equal_range() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIterPairType<Sequence, Sequence>
+c_equal_range(Sequence& sequence, T&& value, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::equal_range(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<T>(value), std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_binary_search()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::binary_search()` function
+// to test if any element in the sorted container contains a value equivalent to
+// 'value'.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+bool c_binary_search(Sequence&& sequence, T&& value) {
+  return std::binary_search(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                            std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_binary_search() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T, typename Compare>
+bool c_binary_search(Sequence&& sequence, T&& value, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::binary_search(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                            std::forward<T>(value),
+                            std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Merge functions
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_merge()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::merge()` function
+// to merge two sorted containers into a single sorted iterator.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator c_merge(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, OutputIterator result) {
+  return std::merge(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), result);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_merge() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// the default `operator<`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator, typename Compare>
+OutputIterator c_merge(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, OutputIterator result,
+                       Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::merge(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                    container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), result,
+                    std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_inplace_merge()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::inplace_merge()` function
+// to merge a supplied iterator `middle` into a container.
+template <typename C>
+void c_inplace_merge(C& c,
+                     container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> middle) {
+  std::inplace_merge(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c), middle,
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_inplace_merge() for performing a merge using a `comp` other
+// than `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+void c_inplace_merge(C& c,
+                     container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<C> middle,
+                     Compare&& comp) {
+  std::inplace_merge(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c), middle,
+                     container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                     std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_includes()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::includes()` function
+// to test whether a sorted container `c1` entirely contains another sorted
+// container `c2`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2>
+bool c_includes(const C1& c1, const C2& c2) {
+  return std::includes(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_includes() for performing a merge using a `comp` other than
+// `operator<`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename Compare>
+bool c_includes(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::includes(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                       container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2),
+                       std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_set_union()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::set_union()` function
+// to return an iterator containing the union of two containers; duplicate
+// values are not copied into the output.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_union(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, OutputIterator output) {
+  return std::set_union(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_set_union() for performing a merge using a `comp` other than
+// `operator<`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator, typename Compare,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_union(const C1& c1, const C2& c2, OutputIterator output,
+                           Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::set_union(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                        container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output,
+                        std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_set_intersection()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::set_intersection()` function
+// to return an iterator containing the intersection of two containers.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_intersection(const C1& c1, const C2& c2,
+                                  OutputIterator output) {
+  return std::set_intersection(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_set_intersection() for performing a merge using a `comp` other
+// than `operator<`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator, typename Compare,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_intersection(const C1& c1, const C2& c2,
+                                  OutputIterator output, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::set_intersection(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output,
+                               std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_set_difference()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::set_difference()` function
+// to return an iterator containing elements present in the first container but
+// not in the second.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_difference(const C1& c1, const C2& c2,
+                                OutputIterator output) {
+  return std::set_difference(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_set_difference() for performing a merge using a `comp` other
+// than `operator<`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator, typename Compare,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_difference(const C1& c1, const C2& c2,
+                                OutputIterator output, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::set_difference(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output,
+                             std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_set_symmetric_difference()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::set_symmetric_difference()`
+// function to return an iterator containing elements present in either one
+// container or the other, but not both.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_symmetric_difference(const C1& c1, const C2& c2,
+                                          OutputIterator output) {
+  return std::set_symmetric_difference(
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_set_symmetric_difference() for performing a merge using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`.
+template <typename C1, typename C2, typename OutputIterator, typename Compare,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C1>::value,
+              void>::type,
+          typename = typename std::enable_if<
+              !container_algorithm_internal::IsUnorderedContainer<C2>::value,
+              void>::type>
+OutputIterator c_set_symmetric_difference(const C1& c1, const C2& c2,
+                                          OutputIterator output,
+                                          Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::set_symmetric_difference(
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c2),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c2), output,
+      std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <algorithm> Heap functions
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_push_heap()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::push_heap()` function
+// to push a value onto a container heap.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+void c_push_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence) {
+  std::push_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                 container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_push_heap() for performing a push operation on a heap using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+void c_push_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  std::push_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                 container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                 std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_pop_heap()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::pop_heap()` function
+// to pop a value from a heap container.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+void c_pop_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence) {
+  std::pop_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_pop_heap() for performing a pop operation on a heap using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+void c_pop_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  std::pop_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_make_heap()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::make_heap()` function
+// to make a container a heap.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+void c_make_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence) {
+  std::make_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                 container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_make_heap() for performing heap comparisons using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+void c_make_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  std::make_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                 container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                 std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_sort_heap()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::sort_heap()` function
+// to sort a heap into ascending order (after which it is no longer a heap).
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+void c_sort_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence) {
+  std::sort_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                 container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_sort_heap() for performing heap comparisons using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+void c_sort_heap(RandomAccessContainer& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  std::sort_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                 container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                 std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_is_heap()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::is_heap()` function
+// to check whether the given container is a heap.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+bool c_is_heap(const RandomAccessContainer& sequence) {
+  return std::is_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_is_heap() for performing heap comparisons using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+bool c_is_heap(const RandomAccessContainer& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::is_heap(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                      std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_is_heap_until()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::is_heap_until()` function
+// to find the first element in a given container which is not in heap order.
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer>
+c_is_heap_until(RandomAccessContainer& sequence) {
+  return std::is_heap_until(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_is_heap_until() for performing heap comparisons using a
+// `comp` other than `operator<`
+template <typename RandomAccessContainer, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer>
+c_is_heap_until(RandomAccessContainer& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::is_heap_until(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                            std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  <algorithm> Min/max
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_min_element()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::min_element()` function
+// to return an iterator pointing to the element with the smallest value, using
+// `operator<` to make the comparisons.
+template <typename Sequence>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_min_element(
+    Sequence& sequence) {
+  return std::min_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_min_element() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_min_element(
+    Sequence& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::min_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_max_element()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::max_element()` function
+// to return an iterator pointing to the element with the largest value, using
+// `operator<` to make the comparisons.
+template <typename Sequence>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_max_element(
+    Sequence& sequence) {
+  return std::max_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_max_element() for performing a `comp` comparison other than
+// `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<Sequence> c_max_element(
+    Sequence& sequence, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::max_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                          std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_minmax_element()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::minmax_element()` function
+// to return a pair of iterators pointing to the elements containing the
+// smallest and largest values, respectively, using `operator<` to make the
+// comparisons.
+template <typename C>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIterPairType<C, C>
+c_minmax_element(C& c) {
+  return std::minmax_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_minmax_element() for performing `comp` comparisons other than
+// `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIterPairType<C, C>
+c_minmax_element(C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::minmax_element(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                             container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                             std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  <algorithm> Lexicographical Comparisons
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_lexicographical_compare()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::lexicographical_compare()`
+// function to lexicographically compare (e.g. sort words alphabetically) two
+// container sequences. The comparison is performed using `operator<`. Note
+// that capital letters ("A-Z") have ASCII values less than lowercase letters
+// ("a-z").
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2>
+bool c_lexicographical_compare(Sequence1&& sequence1, Sequence2&& sequence2) {
+  return std::lexicographical_compare(
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence2),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence2));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_lexicographical_compare() for performing a lexicographical
+// comparison using a `comp` operator instead of `operator<`.
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2, typename Compare>
+bool c_lexicographical_compare(Sequence1&& sequence1, Sequence2&& sequence2,
+                               Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::lexicographical_compare(
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence1),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence2),
+      container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence2),
+      std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_next_permutation()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::next_permutation()` function
+// to rearrange a container's elements into the next lexicographically greater
+// permutation.
+template <typename C>
+bool c_next_permutation(C& c) {
+  return std::next_permutation(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_next_permutation() for performing a lexicographical
+// comparison using a `comp` operator instead of `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+bool c_next_permutation(C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::next_permutation(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                               std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+// c_prev_permutation()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::prev_permutation()` function
+// to rearrange a container's elements into the next lexicographically lesser
+// permutation.
+template <typename C>
+bool c_prev_permutation(C& c) {
+  return std::prev_permutation(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_prev_permutation() for performing a lexicographical
+// comparison using a `comp` operator instead of `operator<`.
+template <typename C, typename Compare>
+bool c_prev_permutation(C& c, Compare&& comp) {
+  return std::prev_permutation(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(c),
+                               container_algorithm_internal::c_end(c),
+                               std::forward<Compare>(comp));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <numeric> algorithms
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// c_iota()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::iota()` function
+// to compute successive values of `value`, as if incremented with `++value`
+// after each element is written. and write them to the container.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+void c_iota(Sequence& sequence, T&& value) {
+  std::iota(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+            std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+// c_accumulate()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::accumulate()` function
+// to accumulate the element values of a container to `init` and return that
+// accumulation by value.
+//
+// Note: Due to a language technicality this function has return type
+// absl::decay_t<T>. As a user of this function you can casually read
+// this as "returns T by value" and assume it does the right thing.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T>
+decay_t<T> c_accumulate(const Sequence& sequence, T&& init) {
+  return std::accumulate(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                         container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                         std::forward<T>(init));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_accumulate() for using a binary operations other than
+// addition for computing the accumulation.
+template <typename Sequence, typename T, typename BinaryOp>
+decay_t<T> c_accumulate(const Sequence& sequence, T&& init,
+                        BinaryOp&& binary_op) {
+  return std::accumulate(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(sequence),
+                         container_algorithm_internal::c_end(sequence),
+                         std::forward<T>(init),
+                         std::forward<BinaryOp>(binary_op));
+}
+
+// c_inner_product()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::inner_product()` function
+// to compute the cumulative inner product of container element pairs.
+//
+// Note: Due to a language technicality this function has return type
+// absl::decay_t<T>. As a user of this function you can casually read
+// this as "returns T by value" and assume it does the right thing.
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2, typename T>
+decay_t<T> c_inner_product(const Sequence1& factors1, const Sequence2& factors2,
+                           T&& sum) {
+  return std::inner_product(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(factors1),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(factors1),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(factors2),
+                            std::forward<T>(sum));
+}
+
+// Overload of c_inner_product() for using binary operations other than
+// `operator+` (for computing the accumulation) and `operator*` (for computing
+// the product between the two container's element pair).
+template <typename Sequence1, typename Sequence2, typename T,
+          typename BinaryOp1, typename BinaryOp2>
+decay_t<T> c_inner_product(const Sequence1& factors1, const Sequence2& factors2,
+                           T&& sum, BinaryOp1&& op1, BinaryOp2&& op2) {
+  return std::inner_product(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(factors1),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_end(factors1),
+                            container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(factors2),
+                            std::forward<T>(sum), std::forward<BinaryOp1>(op1),
+                            std::forward<BinaryOp2>(op2));
+}
+
+// c_adjacent_difference()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::adjacent_difference()`
+// function to compute the difference between each element and the one preceding
+// it and write it to an iterator.
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt c_adjacent_difference(const InputSequence& input,
+                               OutputIt output_first) {
+  return std::adjacent_difference(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                                  container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input),
+                                  output_first);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_adjacent_difference() for using a binary operation other than
+// subtraction to compute the adjacent difference.
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIt, typename BinaryOp>
+OutputIt c_adjacent_difference(const InputSequence& input,
+                               OutputIt output_first, BinaryOp&& op) {
+  return std::adjacent_difference(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                                  container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input),
+                                  output_first, std::forward<BinaryOp>(op));
+}
+
+// c_partial_sum()
+//
+// Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partial_sum()` function
+// to compute the partial sum of the elements in a sequence and write them
+// to an iterator. The partial sum is the sum of all element values so far in
+// the sequence.
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt c_partial_sum(const InputSequence& input, OutputIt output_first) {
+  return std::partial_sum(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input),
+                          output_first);
+}
+
+// Overload of c_partial_sum() for using a binary operation other than addition
+// to compute the "partial sum".
+template <typename InputSequence, typename OutputIt, typename BinaryOp>
+OutputIt c_partial_sum(const InputSequence& input, OutputIt output_first,
+                       BinaryOp&& op) {
+  return std::partial_sum(container_algorithm_internal::c_begin(input),
+                          container_algorithm_internal::c_end(input),
+                          output_first, std::forward<BinaryOp>(op));
+}
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_ALGORITHM_CONTAINER_H_