gmath3D 0.2.4 → 0.2.5

data/test/test_vector3.rb

@@ -1,439 +1,439 @@
-$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__))
-require 'helper'
-
-include GMath3D
-
-MiniTest::Unit.autorun
-
-class Vector3TestCase < MiniTest::Unit::TestCase
-  def setup
-    @vector_init_zero = Vector3.new()
-    @vector = Vector3.new(1, 2.0, 3.0)
-  end
-
-  def test_initalize
-    assert_equal(0, @vector_init_zero.x)
-    assert_equal(0, @vector_init_zero.y)
-    assert_equal(0, @vector_init_zero.z)
-
-    assert_equal(1.0, @vector.x)
-    assert_equal(2.0, @vector.y)
-    assert_equal(3.0, @vector.z)
-
-    assert_equal(Geom.default_tolerance, @vector.tolerance)
-
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = Vector3.new( "hoge" )
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_to_s
-    assert_equal("Vector3[1, 2.0, 3.0]", @vector.to_s)
-  end
-
-  def test_to_element_s
-    assert_equal("[1, 2.0, 3.0]", @vector.to_element_s)
-  end
-
-  def test_assign_value
-    assert_equal(1.0, @vector.x)
-    assert_equal(2.0, @vector.y)
-    assert_equal(3.0, @vector.z)
-
-    @vector.x = 2.0
-    @vector.y *= 2.0
-    @vector.z -= 3.0
-
-    assert_equal(2.0, @vector.x)
-    assert_equal(4.0, @vector.y)
-    assert_equal(0.0, @vector.z)
-  end
-
-  def test_assign_invalid_value
-    #TODO unimplemented!
-    @vector.x = "this is a pen"
-  end
-
-  def test_clone
-    vec1 = Vector3.new(1,2,3)
-    vec1_shallow_copy = vec1
-    vec1_shallow_copy.x = 4
-    assert_equal( 4, vec1.x )
-    assert_equal( 2, vec1.y )
-    assert_equal( 3, vec1.z )
-
-    vec1_deep_copy = vec1.clone
-    vec1_deep_copy.x = 6
-    assert_equal( 4, vec1.x )
-    assert_equal( 6, vec1_deep_copy.x )
-
-    vec_ary = [Vector3.new(1,2,3), Vector3.new(4,5,6)]
-    vec_ary_shallow = vec_ary
-    vec_ary_shallow[0].x = 4
-    vec_ary_shallow[1] = Vector3.new(7,8,9)
-    vec_ary_shallow.push(Vector3.new(10,11,12))
-    assert_equal(4, vec_ary_shallow[0].x)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(7,8,9), vec_ary_shallow[1])
-    assert_equal(3, vec_ary_shallow.size)
-    assert_equal(4, vec_ary[0].x)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(7,8,9), vec_ary[1])
-    assert_equal(3, vec_ary.size)
-
-    vec_ary = [Vector3.new(1,2,3), Vector3.new(4,5,6)]
-    vec_ary_deep = vec_ary.clone
-    vec_ary_deep[0].x = 4
-    vec_ary_deep[1] = Vector3.new(7,8,9)
-    vec_ary_deep.push(Vector3.new(10,11,12))
-    assert_equal(4, vec_ary_deep[0].x)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(7,8,9), vec_ary_deep[1])
-    assert_equal(3, vec_ary_deep.size)
-
-    # Array.clone does not call element.clone
-#    assert_equal(1, vec_ary[0].x)
-    assert_equal(4, vec_ary[0].x)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(4,5,6), vec_ary[1])
-    assert_equal(2, vec_ary.size)
-  end
-
-  def test_equals
-    assert(!(@vector_init_zero == @vector))
-    assert(@vector_init_zero != @vector)
-
-    assert(@vector == @vector)
-    assert(@vector.eql?(@vector))
-
-    vector = Vector3.new(1,2,3)
-    assert(@vector == vector)
-    assert(@vector.eql?(vector))
-
-    # Floating error check
-    floatingError = Geom.default_tolerance*0.1
-    vector = Vector3.new(1.0 - floatingError, 2.0 + floatingError, 3.0)
-    assert(@vector == vector)
-
-    floatingError2 = Geom.default_tolerance*10.0
-    vector = Vector3.new(1.0 - floatingError2, 2.0 + floatingError2, 3.0)
-    assert(@vector != vector)
-
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(1,2,3), Vector3.new(1.0,2.0,3.0))
-
-    #invlid value comparison
-    assert(@vector != "string")
-    assert(@vector != -4)
-  end
-
-  def test_equ_hash
-    # in case use Vector3 as Key of hash...
-    # Vector3#eql? and Vector3#hash should be implement
-    hash = Hash.new()
-    vec = Vector3.new(1,2,3)
-    hash[vec] = 1
-    assert_equal(1, hash.keys.count)
-    assert_equal(1, hash[vec])
-
-    hash[vec] = 2
-    assert_equal(1, hash.keys.count)
-    assert_equal(2, hash[vec])
-
-    hash[Vector3.new(3,2,1)] = 3
-    assert_equal(2, hash.keys.count)
-    assert_equal(2, hash[vec])
-
-    hash[@vector] = 3
-    assert_equal(2, hash.keys.count)
-    assert_equal(3, hash[vec])
-  end
-
-  def test_box
-    box1 = @vector.box
-    box2 = Vector3.new().box
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(1,2,3), box1.min_point)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(1,2,3), box1.max_point)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(), box2.min_point)
-    assert_equal(Vector3.new(), box2.max_point)
-  end
-
-  def test_add
-    vector = Vector3.new(4,5,6)
-    addedVector = vector + @vector
-
-    assert_equal(5.0, addedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(7.0, addedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(9.0, addedVector.z)
-
-    addedVector = @vector + vector
-
-    assert_equal(5.0, addedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(7.0, addedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(9.0, addedVector.z)
-  end
-  def test_add_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector + 5
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector + nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_subtract
-    vector = Vector3.new(4,5,6)
-    subtractedVector = vector - @vector
-
-    assert_equal(3.0, subtractedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(3.0, subtractedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(3.0, subtractedVector.z)
-
-    subtractedVector = @vector - vector
-
-    assert_equal(-3.0, subtractedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(-3.0, subtractedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(-3.0, subtractedVector.z)
-  end
-  def test_subtract_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector - 5
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector - nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_multiply
-    multipliedVector = @vector * 5
-
-    assert_equal( 5.0, multipliedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(10.0, multipliedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(15.0, multipliedVector.z)
-
-    multipliedVector = @vector * -3.0
-
-    assert_equal(-3.0, multipliedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(-6.0, multipliedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(-9.0, multipliedVector.z)
-  end
-  def test_multiply_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector * @vector
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector * nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_divide
-    dividedVector = @vector / 5
-
-    assert_equal(1.0/5.0, dividedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(2.0/5.0, dividedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(3.0/5.0, dividedVector.z)
-
-    dividedVector = @vector / -3.0
-
-    assert_equal(-1.0/3.0, dividedVector.x)
-    assert_equal(-2.0/3.0, dividedVector.y)
-    assert_equal(-3.0/3.0, dividedVector.z)
-  end
-  def test_divide_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector / @vector
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector / nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_dot
-    vector = Vector3.new(2.0, 4.0, 6.0)
-    innerProduct = @vector.dot(vector)
-    assert_in_delta( 1.0*2.0 + 2.0*4.0 + 3.0*6.0, innerProduct, @vector.tolerance)
-
-    innerProduct = @vector.dot(@vector_init_zero)
-    assert_in_delta( 0.0, innerProduct, @vector.tolerance)
-  end
-  def test_dot_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.dot(5.0)
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.dot(nil)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_cross
-    outerProduct = Vector3.new(1.0,0.0,0.0).cross(Vector3.new(0.0,1.0,0.0))
-    assert(outerProduct == Vector3.new(0.0,0.0,1.0))
-
-    vector = Vector3.new(1.0, 1.0, 4.0)
-    outerProduct = @vector.cross(vector)
-    assert_in_delta(2.0*4.0 - 3.0*1.0, outerProduct.x, @vector.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(3.0*1.0 - 1.0*4.0, outerProduct.y, @vector.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(1.0*1.0 - 2.0*1.0, outerProduct.z, @vector.tolerance)
-
-    outerProduct = @vector.cross(@vector_init_zero)
-    assert_in_delta( 0.0, outerProduct.x, @vector.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta( 0.0, outerProduct.y, @vector.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta( 0.0, outerProduct.z, @vector.tolerance)
-  end
-  def test_cross_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.cross(5.0)
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.cross(nil)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_length
-    assert_in_delta(0.0, @vector_init_zero.length, @vector_init_zero.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta( Math::sqrt(1.0*1.0+2.0*2.0+3.0*3.0), @vector.length, @vector.tolerance)
-    vector = Vector3.new(3.0, 4.0, 0.0)
-    assert_in_delta( 5.0, vector.length, @vector.tolerance)
-  end
-
-  def test_distance
-    point1 = Vector3.new(1.0,  3.0, -5.0)
-    point2 = Vector3.new(3.0, -5.5,  2.2)
-    vector1to2 = point2 - point1
-    assert_in_delta( vector1to2.length, point2.distance(point1), vector1to2.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta( vector1to2.length, point1.distance(point2), vector1to2.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta( 0.0, point1.distance(point1), vector1to2.tolerance)
-  end
-  def test_distance_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.distance(5.0)
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.distance(nil)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_angle
-    vector1 = Vector3.new(  1.0 ,  0.0, 0.0 )
-    vector2 = Vector3.new(  1.0 ,  1.0, 0.0 )
-    vector3 = Vector3.new( -1.0 ,  1.0, 0.0 )
-    vector4 = Vector3.new( -1.0 ,  0.0, 0.0 )
-    vector5 = Vector3.new( -1.0 , -1.0, 0.0 )
-    vector6 = Vector3.new(  1.0 , -1.0, 0.0 )
-
-    # result should be between 0 and PI.
-    assert_in_delta(0.0,vector1.angle(vector1), vector1.tolerance) ;
-    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/4.0,vector1.angle(vector2), vector1.tolerance) ;
-    assert_in_delta(Math::PI*3.0/4.0, vector1.angle(vector3), vector1.tolerance) ;
-    assert_in_delta(Math::PI, vector1.angle(vector4), vector1.tolerance) ;
-    assert_in_delta(Math::PI*3.0/4.0, vector1.angle(vector5), vector1.tolerance) ;
-    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/4.0, vector1.angle(vector6), vector1.tolerance) ;
-  end
-  def test_angle_invalid_value
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.angle(5.0)
-    end
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      invalidResult = @vector.angle(nil)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_normalize
-    normalized = @vector.normalize()
-    assert_in_delta(1.0, normalized.length, normalized.tolerance) ;
-    assert(normalized.same_direction?(@vector))
-  end
-
-  def test_parallel
-    vectorZero = Vector3.new( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0) ;
-    vector1 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ) ;
-    vector2 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 1.0, 4.0 ) ;
-    vector3 = Vector3.new( 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ) ;
-    vector4 = Vector3.new( -1.0, -2.0, -3.0 ) ;
-    vector5 = Vector3.new( -3.0, -6.0, -9.0 ) ;
-
-    assert(!vector1.parallel?(vectorZero)) ;
-    assert(!vectorZero.parallel?(vector2)) ;
-    assert(!vector1.parallel?(vector2)) ;
-
-    assert(vector1.parallel?(vector3)) ;
-    assert(vector1.parallel?(vector4)) ;
-    assert(vector1.parallel?(vector5)) ;
-  end
-
-  def test_same_direction
-    vectorZero = Vector3.new( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0) ;
-    vector1 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ) ;
-    vector2 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 1.0, 4.0 ) ;
-    vector3 = Vector3.new( 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ) ;
-    vector4 = Vector3.new( -1.0, -2.0, -3.0 ) ;
-    vector5 = Vector3.new( -3.0, -6.0, -9.0 ) ;
-
-    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vectorZero)) ;
-    assert(!vectorZero.same_direction?(vector2)) ;
-    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vector2)) ;
-
-    assert(vector1.same_direction?(vector3)) ;
-    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vector4)) ;
-    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vector5)) ;
-  end
-
-  def test_project
-    vector1 = Vector3.new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
-    vector2 = Vector3.new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
-
-    projectedVector, parameter = vector2.project_to(vector1)
-    assert(Vector3.new(0.5,0.5,0.0) == projectedVector)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5, parameter, projectedVector.tolerance)
-
-    projectedVector, parameter = vector2.project_to(Vector3.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
-    assert(Vector3.new() == projectedVector)
-    assert_in_delta(0.0, parameter, projectedVector.tolerance)
-
-    vector3 = Vector3.new(5.0, -1.0, 4.0)
-    projectedVector, parmeter = vector3.project_to(vector1)
-    assert(projectedVector.same_direction?(vector1))
-  end
-
-  def test_to_column_vector
-    matrix = @vector.to_column_vector
-    assert_equal( 3, matrix.row_size )
-    assert_equal( 1, matrix.column_size )
-    assert_equal( 1, matrix[0,0])
-    assert_equal( 2, matrix[1,0])
-    assert_equal( 3, matrix[2,0])
-
-    matrix = @vector_init_zero.to_column_vector
-    assert_equal( 3, matrix.row_size )
-    assert_equal( 1, matrix.column_size )
-    assert_equal( 0, matrix[0,0])
-    assert_equal( 0, matrix[1,0])
-    assert_equal( 0, matrix[2,0])
-  end
-
-  def test_arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vec1 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 )
-    vec2 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 1.0, 4.0 )
-    vec3 = Vector3.new( 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 )
-    vec4 = Vector3.new( -1.0, -2.0, -3.0 )
-    vecx = Vector3.new( 1.0,  0.0,  0.0 )
-    vecy = Vector3.new( 0.0, -3.0,  0.0 )
-    vecz = Vector3.new( 0.0,  0.0,  5.0 )
-    veczero = Vector3.new( 0.0,  0.0,  0.0 )
-
-    vec1_orth = vec1.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vec2_orth = vec2.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vec3_orth = vec3.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vec4_orth = vec4.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vecx_orth = vecx.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vecy_orth = vecy.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    vecz_orth = vecz.arbitrary_orthogonal
-    veczero_orth = veczero.arbitrary_orthogonal
-
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec1.angle(vec1_orth), vec1.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec2.angle(vec2_orth), vec2.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec3.angle(vec3_orth), vec3.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec4.angle(vec4_orth), vec4.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vecx.angle(vecx_orth), vecx.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vecy.angle(vecy_orth), vecy.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vecz.angle(vecz_orth), vecz.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.0, veczero_orth.x, veczero.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.0, veczero_orth.y, veczero.tolerance)
-    assert_in_delta(0.0, veczero_orth.z, veczero.tolerance)
-  end
-end
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+require 'helper'
+
+include GMath3D
+
+MiniTest::Unit.autorun
+
+class Vector3TestCase < MiniTest::Unit::TestCase
+  def setup
+    @vector_init_zero = Vector3.new()
+    @vector = Vector3.new(1, 2.0, 3.0)
+  end
+
+  def test_initalize
+    assert_equal(0, @vector_init_zero.x)
+    assert_equal(0, @vector_init_zero.y)
+    assert_equal(0, @vector_init_zero.z)
+
+    assert_equal(1.0, @vector.x)
+    assert_equal(2.0, @vector.y)
+    assert_equal(3.0, @vector.z)
+
+    assert_equal(Geom.default_tolerance, @vector.tolerance)
+
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = Vector3.new( "hoge" )
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_s
+    assert_equal("Vector3[1, 2.0, 3.0]", @vector.to_s)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_element_s
+    assert_equal("[1, 2.0, 3.0]", @vector.to_element_s)
+  end
+
+  def test_assign_value
+    assert_equal(1.0, @vector.x)
+    assert_equal(2.0, @vector.y)
+    assert_equal(3.0, @vector.z)
+
+    @vector.x = 2.0
+    @vector.y *= 2.0
+    @vector.z -= 3.0
+
+    assert_equal(2.0, @vector.x)
+    assert_equal(4.0, @vector.y)
+    assert_equal(0.0, @vector.z)
+  end
+
+  def test_assign_invalid_value
+    #TODO unimplemented!
+    @vector.x = "this is a pen"
+  end
+
+  def test_clone
+    vec1 = Vector3.new(1,2,3)
+    vec1_shallow_copy = vec1
+    vec1_shallow_copy.x = 4
+    assert_equal( 4, vec1.x )
+    assert_equal( 2, vec1.y )
+    assert_equal( 3, vec1.z )
+
+    vec1_deep_copy = vec1.clone
+    vec1_deep_copy.x = 6
+    assert_equal( 4, vec1.x )
+    assert_equal( 6, vec1_deep_copy.x )
+
+    vec_ary = [Vector3.new(1,2,3), Vector3.new(4,5,6)]
+    vec_ary_shallow = vec_ary
+    vec_ary_shallow[0].x = 4
+    vec_ary_shallow[1] = Vector3.new(7,8,9)
+    vec_ary_shallow.push(Vector3.new(10,11,12))
+    assert_equal(4, vec_ary_shallow[0].x)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(7,8,9), vec_ary_shallow[1])
+    assert_equal(3, vec_ary_shallow.size)
+    assert_equal(4, vec_ary[0].x)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(7,8,9), vec_ary[1])
+    assert_equal(3, vec_ary.size)
+
+    vec_ary = [Vector3.new(1,2,3), Vector3.new(4,5,6)]
+    vec_ary_deep = vec_ary.clone
+    vec_ary_deep[0].x = 4
+    vec_ary_deep[1] = Vector3.new(7,8,9)
+    vec_ary_deep.push(Vector3.new(10,11,12))
+    assert_equal(4, vec_ary_deep[0].x)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(7,8,9), vec_ary_deep[1])
+    assert_equal(3, vec_ary_deep.size)
+
+    # Array.clone does not call element.clone
+#    assert_equal(1, vec_ary[0].x)
+    assert_equal(4, vec_ary[0].x)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(4,5,6), vec_ary[1])
+    assert_equal(2, vec_ary.size)
+  end
+
+  def test_equals
+    assert(!(@vector_init_zero == @vector))
+    assert(@vector_init_zero != @vector)
+
+    assert(@vector == @vector)
+    assert(@vector.eql?(@vector))
+
+    vector = Vector3.new(1,2,3)
+    assert(@vector == vector)
+    assert(@vector.eql?(vector))
+
+    # Floating error check
+    floatingError = Geom.default_tolerance*0.1
+    vector = Vector3.new(1.0 - floatingError, 2.0 + floatingError, 3.0)
+    assert(@vector == vector)
+
+    floatingError2 = Geom.default_tolerance*10.0
+    vector = Vector3.new(1.0 - floatingError2, 2.0 + floatingError2, 3.0)
+    assert(@vector != vector)
+
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(1,2,3), Vector3.new(1.0,2.0,3.0))
+
+    #invlid value comparison
+    assert(@vector != "string")
+    assert(@vector != -4)
+  end
+
+  def test_equ_hash
+    # in case use Vector3 as Key of hash...
+    # Vector3#eql? and Vector3#hash should be implement
+    hash = Hash.new()
+    vec = Vector3.new(1,2,3)
+    hash[vec] = 1
+    assert_equal(1, hash.keys.count)
+    assert_equal(1, hash[vec])
+
+    hash[vec] = 2
+    assert_equal(1, hash.keys.count)
+    assert_equal(2, hash[vec])
+
+    hash[Vector3.new(3,2,1)] = 3
+    assert_equal(2, hash.keys.count)
+    assert_equal(2, hash[vec])
+
+    hash[@vector] = 3
+    assert_equal(2, hash.keys.count)
+    assert_equal(3, hash[vec])
+  end
+
+  def test_box
+    box1 = @vector.box
+    box2 = Vector3.new().box
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(1,2,3), box1.min_point)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(1,2,3), box1.max_point)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(), box2.min_point)
+    assert_equal(Vector3.new(), box2.max_point)
+  end
+
+  def test_add
+    vector = Vector3.new(4,5,6)
+    addedVector = vector + @vector
+
+    assert_equal(5.0, addedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(7.0, addedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(9.0, addedVector.z)
+
+    addedVector = @vector + vector
+
+    assert_equal(5.0, addedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(7.0, addedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(9.0, addedVector.z)
+  end
+  def test_add_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector + 5
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector + nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_subtract
+    vector = Vector3.new(4,5,6)
+    subtractedVector = vector - @vector
+
+    assert_equal(3.0, subtractedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(3.0, subtractedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(3.0, subtractedVector.z)
+
+    subtractedVector = @vector - vector
+
+    assert_equal(-3.0, subtractedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(-3.0, subtractedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(-3.0, subtractedVector.z)
+  end
+  def test_subtract_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector - 5
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector - nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_multiply
+    multipliedVector = @vector * 5
+
+    assert_equal( 5.0, multipliedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(10.0, multipliedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(15.0, multipliedVector.z)
+
+    multipliedVector = @vector * -3.0
+
+    assert_equal(-3.0, multipliedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(-6.0, multipliedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(-9.0, multipliedVector.z)
+  end
+  def test_multiply_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector * @vector
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector * nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_divide
+    dividedVector = @vector / 5
+
+    assert_equal(1.0/5.0, dividedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(2.0/5.0, dividedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(3.0/5.0, dividedVector.z)
+
+    dividedVector = @vector / -3.0
+
+    assert_equal(-1.0/3.0, dividedVector.x)
+    assert_equal(-2.0/3.0, dividedVector.y)
+    assert_equal(-3.0/3.0, dividedVector.z)
+  end
+  def test_divide_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector / @vector
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector / nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_dot
+    vector = Vector3.new(2.0, 4.0, 6.0)
+    innerProduct = @vector.dot(vector)
+    assert_in_delta( 1.0*2.0 + 2.0*4.0 + 3.0*6.0, innerProduct, @vector.tolerance)
+
+    innerProduct = @vector.dot(@vector_init_zero)
+    assert_in_delta( 0.0, innerProduct, @vector.tolerance)
+  end
+  def test_dot_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.dot(5.0)
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.dot(nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_cross
+    outerProduct = Vector3.new(1.0,0.0,0.0).cross(Vector3.new(0.0,1.0,0.0))
+    assert(outerProduct == Vector3.new(0.0,0.0,1.0))
+
+    vector = Vector3.new(1.0, 1.0, 4.0)
+    outerProduct = @vector.cross(vector)
+    assert_in_delta(2.0*4.0 - 3.0*1.0, outerProduct.x, @vector.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(3.0*1.0 - 1.0*4.0, outerProduct.y, @vector.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(1.0*1.0 - 2.0*1.0, outerProduct.z, @vector.tolerance)
+
+    outerProduct = @vector.cross(@vector_init_zero)
+    assert_in_delta( 0.0, outerProduct.x, @vector.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta( 0.0, outerProduct.y, @vector.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta( 0.0, outerProduct.z, @vector.tolerance)
+  end
+  def test_cross_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.cross(5.0)
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.cross(nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_length
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, @vector_init_zero.length, @vector_init_zero.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta( Math::sqrt(1.0*1.0+2.0*2.0+3.0*3.0), @vector.length, @vector.tolerance)
+    vector = Vector3.new(3.0, 4.0, 0.0)
+    assert_in_delta( 5.0, vector.length, @vector.tolerance)
+  end
+
+  def test_distance
+    point1 = Vector3.new(1.0,  3.0, -5.0)
+    point2 = Vector3.new(3.0, -5.5,  2.2)
+    vector1to2 = point2 - point1
+    assert_in_delta( vector1to2.length, point2.distance(point1), vector1to2.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta( vector1to2.length, point1.distance(point2), vector1to2.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta( 0.0, point1.distance(point1), vector1to2.tolerance)
+  end
+  def test_distance_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.distance(5.0)
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.distance(nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_angle
+    vector1 = Vector3.new(  1.0 ,  0.0, 0.0 )
+    vector2 = Vector3.new(  1.0 ,  1.0, 0.0 )
+    vector3 = Vector3.new( -1.0 ,  1.0, 0.0 )
+    vector4 = Vector3.new( -1.0 ,  0.0, 0.0 )
+    vector5 = Vector3.new( -1.0 , -1.0, 0.0 )
+    vector6 = Vector3.new(  1.0 , -1.0, 0.0 )
+
+    # result should be between 0 and PI.
+    assert_in_delta(0.0,vector1.angle(vector1), vector1.tolerance) ;
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/4.0,vector1.angle(vector2), vector1.tolerance) ;
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI*3.0/4.0, vector1.angle(vector3), vector1.tolerance) ;
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI, vector1.angle(vector4), vector1.tolerance) ;
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI*3.0/4.0, vector1.angle(vector5), vector1.tolerance) ;
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/4.0, vector1.angle(vector6), vector1.tolerance) ;
+  end
+  def test_angle_invalid_value
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.angle(5.0)
+    end
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      invalidResult = @vector.angle(nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_normalize
+    normalized = @vector.normalize()
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, normalized.length, normalized.tolerance) ;
+    assert(normalized.same_direction?(@vector))
+  end
+
+  def test_parallel
+    vectorZero = Vector3.new( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0) ;
+    vector1 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ) ;
+    vector2 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 1.0, 4.0 ) ;
+    vector3 = Vector3.new( 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ) ;
+    vector4 = Vector3.new( -1.0, -2.0, -3.0 ) ;
+    vector5 = Vector3.new( -3.0, -6.0, -9.0 ) ;
+
+    assert(!vector1.parallel?(vectorZero)) ;
+    assert(!vectorZero.parallel?(vector2)) ;
+    assert(!vector1.parallel?(vector2)) ;
+
+    assert(vector1.parallel?(vector3)) ;
+    assert(vector1.parallel?(vector4)) ;
+    assert(vector1.parallel?(vector5)) ;
+  end
+
+  def test_same_direction
+    vectorZero = Vector3.new( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0) ;
+    vector1 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ) ;
+    vector2 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 1.0, 4.0 ) ;
+    vector3 = Vector3.new( 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ) ;
+    vector4 = Vector3.new( -1.0, -2.0, -3.0 ) ;
+    vector5 = Vector3.new( -3.0, -6.0, -9.0 ) ;
+
+    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vectorZero)) ;
+    assert(!vectorZero.same_direction?(vector2)) ;
+    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vector2)) ;
+
+    assert(vector1.same_direction?(vector3)) ;
+    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vector4)) ;
+    assert(!vector1.same_direction?(vector5)) ;
+  end
+
+  def test_project
+    vector1 = Vector3.new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+    vector2 = Vector3.new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+
+    projectedVector, parameter = vector2.project_to(vector1)
+    assert(Vector3.new(0.5,0.5,0.0) == projectedVector)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5, parameter, projectedVector.tolerance)
+
+    projectedVector, parameter = vector2.project_to(Vector3.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+    assert(Vector3.new() == projectedVector)
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, parameter, projectedVector.tolerance)
+
+    vector3 = Vector3.new(5.0, -1.0, 4.0)
+    projectedVector, parmeter = vector3.project_to(vector1)
+    assert(projectedVector.same_direction?(vector1))
+  end
+
+  def test_to_column_vector
+    matrix = @vector.to_column_vector
+    assert_equal( 3, matrix.row_size )
+    assert_equal( 1, matrix.column_size )
+    assert_equal( 1, matrix[0,0])
+    assert_equal( 2, matrix[1,0])
+    assert_equal( 3, matrix[2,0])
+
+    matrix = @vector_init_zero.to_column_vector
+    assert_equal( 3, matrix.row_size )
+    assert_equal( 1, matrix.column_size )
+    assert_equal( 0, matrix[0,0])
+    assert_equal( 0, matrix[1,0])
+    assert_equal( 0, matrix[2,0])
+  end
+
+  def test_arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vec1 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 )
+    vec2 = Vector3.new( 1.0, 1.0, 4.0 )
+    vec3 = Vector3.new( 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 )
+    vec4 = Vector3.new( -1.0, -2.0, -3.0 )
+    vecx = Vector3.new( 1.0,  0.0,  0.0 )
+    vecy = Vector3.new( 0.0, -3.0,  0.0 )
+    vecz = Vector3.new( 0.0,  0.0,  5.0 )
+    veczero = Vector3.new( 0.0,  0.0,  0.0 )
+
+    vec1_orth = vec1.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vec2_orth = vec2.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vec3_orth = vec3.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vec4_orth = vec4.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vecx_orth = vecx.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vecy_orth = vecy.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    vecz_orth = vecz.arbitrary_orthogonal
+    veczero_orth = veczero.arbitrary_orthogonal
+
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec1.angle(vec1_orth), vec1.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec2.angle(vec2_orth), vec2.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec3.angle(vec3_orth), vec3.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vec4.angle(vec4_orth), vec4.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vecx.angle(vecx_orth), vecx.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vecy.angle(vecy_orth), vecy.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.5*Math::PI, vecz.angle(vecz_orth), vecz.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, veczero_orth.x, veczero.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, veczero_orth.y, veczero.tolerance)
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, veczero_orth.z, veczero.tolerance)
+  end
+end