csl-styles 2.0.2 → 2.1.0

data/vendor/styles/chicago-notes-classic-no-url.csl

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" initialize-with=". " page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, classic variants, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes only [13.23], classic variants [14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS/CMS with Bluebook (notes only [13.23], classic variants [14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <link href="https://zotero.org/groups/2205533/collections/5V67EPX3" rel="documentation"/>
     <author>
       <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
       <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), classic variants: chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-02-09T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@
   </locale>
   <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
     <terms>
-      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <!-- the Bibliography of Additional Resources recommends the New Oxford Style Manual as a British English guide, which the `en-GB` locale follows -->
       <term form="short" name="collection-number">
         <single>vol.</single>
         <multiple>vols</multiple>
@@ -83,10 +84,11 @@
         <single>ed. and trans.</single>
         <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
       </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">illus.</term>
     </terms>
   </locale>
   <!-- Contents:
-    
+
        This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
        (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
 
@@ -107,11 +109,11 @@
             4.8. Medium
             4.9. Archival location
             4.10. URL or persistent identifier
-      
-       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
-        
+
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries:
+
         5. Notes
-       
+
        Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
        The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
 
@@ -175,24 +177,21 @@
           <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
-          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <!-- serial types: full label (CMOS18 14.89) -->
           <text variable="edition"/>
           <label variable="edition"/>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+          <!-- monographic types -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-              <!-- monographic usage -->
-              <text variable="edition"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <!-- serial usage -->
-              <text variable="edition"/>
-              <label variable="edition"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
+          <!-- serial types -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
+          <!-- monographic types -->
           <text variable="edition"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
@@ -206,24 +205,21 @@
           <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
-          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <!-- serial types: full label (CMOS18 14.89) -->
           <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
           <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+          <!-- monographic types -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-              <!-- monographic usage -->
-              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <!-- serial usage -->
-              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
-              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
+          <!-- serial types -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
+          <!-- monographic types -->
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
@@ -250,15 +246,11 @@
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator" locator="line">
+          <label variable="locator"/>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="locator">
-          <choose>
-            <if locator="line">
-              <label variable="locator"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
         <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
@@ -269,6 +261,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +299,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -353,10 +357,14 @@
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
         <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
-        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+        <if variable="issue supplement-number">
+          <!-- if there is both an issue and supplement number, do not label both as 'no.' -->
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
           <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
           <text form="short" term="issue"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
           <text form="short" term="issue"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -418,7 +426,7 @@
   <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
   <macro name="author-note">
     <names variable="composer">
-      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
       <substitute>
         <names variable="author"/>
@@ -437,32 +445,33 @@
           </if>
           <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
             <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
-            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
           </else-if>
           <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
             <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
           </else-if>
+          <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
           <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
-                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,29 +497,10 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169), `standard` (CMOS18 14.159), and `webpage` (CMOS18 14.104) -->
         <choose>
-          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
-          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
-                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
-                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
-          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-                <!-- serial usage -->
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
-                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </else-if>
+          <!-- in notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
           <else-if type="webpage"/>
           <else>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
@@ -523,13 +513,10 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <choose>
-          <if type="manuscript">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
-                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <else-if type="manuscript">
+            <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
       </substitute>
     </names>
@@ -544,7 +531,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <names variable="composer">
-          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
           <substitute>
             <names variable="author"/>
             <names variable="guest"/>
@@ -561,32 +548,33 @@
               </if>
               <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
                 <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
-                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
               </else-if>
               <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
                 <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
                 <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
               </else-if>
+              <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
               <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
-                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
               </else-if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list an edited multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,16 +599,24 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if match="any" type="software webpage">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169); `webpage` listed under a site owner or sponsor (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+                <text form="short" variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
-              <if type="manuscript">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
-                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-              </if>
+              <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <else-if type="manuscript">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </else-if>
             </choose>
           </substitute>
         </names>
@@ -631,42 +627,63 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+                <!-- never initialize -->
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+                <!-- never initialize -->
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
-            <label/>
-            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
           </names>
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="genre">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
               </names>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <names variable="author">
-            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
             <substitute>
               <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
             </substitute>
@@ -727,7 +744,8 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
-      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no Chicago model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -745,33 +763,34 @@
         <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
-        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <!-- list a webpage under the website title if there is no owner or sponsor (CMOS18 14.104) -->
         <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <!-- for author-date:
+        <choose><if variable="container-title-short"><text text-case="title" variable="container-title-short"/></if><else><text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/></else></choose>-->
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
     <choose>
-      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
-      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else-if>
+      </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
         <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
-        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <!-- list a webpage under the website title if there is no owner or sponsor (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -803,77 +822,75 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
   <macro name="date-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="issued">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
-              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
-              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <group>
+    <group delimiter="-">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+                <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+                <text macro="date-original-year"/>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+                <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
-            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+            <group>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                  <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                  <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+            </group>
           </group>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="event-date">
-        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="status">
-        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
-        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
-        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
-            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
-        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
-            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
-            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
-        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date">
+          <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="available-date">
+          <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" variable="available-date"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="status">
+          <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+          <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+          <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+              <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+              <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+              <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+              <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="date-event-full">
@@ -891,10 +908,10 @@
     <choose>
       <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
         <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
       </if>
       <else>
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" variable="event-date"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -913,10 +930,10 @@
     <choose>
       <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
         <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
       </if>
       <else>
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" variable="issued"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -944,10 +961,10 @@
   <macro name="date-original-year">
     <choose>
       <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
       </if>
       <else>
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" variable="original-date"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1027,7 +1044,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1055,14 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="article-journal" variable="container-title genre volume-title">
+              <!-- introduction to a special issue or supplement -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1055,16 +1079,16 @@
       </group>
       <choose>
         <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <!-- omit serial types -->
         <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
-        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
-              <!-- monographic usage -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+          <!-- monographic types -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- omit serial types -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference"/>
         <else>
+          <!-- monographic types -->
           <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
@@ -1077,50 +1101,48 @@
   <macro name="title-bib">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="post webpage">
-        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <!-- part number/title always at the analytic level -->
         <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="title-note">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="post webpage">
-        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
         <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
-            <text macro="title-primary"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
@@ -1200,25 +1222,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1253,11 +1256,35 @@
         <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
         <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
-      <else-if variable="container-title">
+      <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Quotes, title case -->
         <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- serial types -->
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic types -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <!-- serial types -->
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic types -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
         <!-- Quotes, title case -->
@@ -1369,35 +1396,72 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
-  <macro name="description-bib">
+  <macro name="title-volume">
     <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      <if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
-        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <!-- Italics, title case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <!-- Italics, title case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
         <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="paper-conference">
         <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
-        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-      <else-if type="thesis"/>
       <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Other description -->
         <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report software standard"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1412,30 +1476,54 @@
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
         <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="paper-conference">
         <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
-        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-      <else-if type="thesis"/>
       <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Other description -->
         <text macro="description-format-note"/>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report software standard"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1444,21 +1532,19 @@
         <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if type="paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <!-- serial `paper-conference` -->
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
+        <!-- monographic types -->
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
@@ -1470,21 +1556,15 @@
       <else-if variable="genre">
         <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- generic labels if unpublished -->
+      <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL"/>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
+        <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
         <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
+        <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1494,84 +1574,67 @@
       <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- generic labels if unpublished -->
+      <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL"/>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
+        <text term="manuscript"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
         <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
+        <text term="personal-communication"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
-    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="description-generic-note">
-    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+              <!-- CMOS team suggests leaving out title in repeated references -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="container-title genre volume-title">
+          <!-- untitled introduction to a special issue or supplement -->
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+              <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- generic labels if unpublished -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL"/>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <text term="manuscript"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-bib">
     <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -1580,7 +1643,7 @@
           <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
           <names variable="interviewer">
             <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            <name and="text"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
         </if>
         <else-if variable="genre">
@@ -1588,14 +1651,16 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="interviewer">
           <names variable="interviewer">
             <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            <name and="text"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
         </else-if>
         <else>
@@ -1612,7 +1677,7 @@
           <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
           <names variable="interviewer">
             <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
         </if>
         <else-if variable="genre">
@@ -1620,14 +1685,16 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="interviewer">
           <names variable="interviewer">
             <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
         </else-if>
         <else>
@@ -1642,7 +1709,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1650,12 +1717,12 @@
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
         <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
-            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </if>
           <else>
-            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
           </else>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
@@ -1674,7 +1741,7 @@
               <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
               </names>
             </if>
             <else-if variable="genre">
@@ -1682,14 +1749,14 @@
                 <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
                 <names variable="recipient">
                   <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
+                  <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
                 </names>
               </group>
             </else-if>
             <else>
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
               </names>
             </else>
           </choose>
@@ -1711,7 +1778,7 @@
               <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
               </names>
             </if>
             <else-if variable="genre">
@@ -1719,14 +1786,14 @@
                 <text macro="description-format-note"/>
                 <names variable="recipient">
                   <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
+                  <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
                 </names>
               </group>
             </else-if>
             <else>
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
               </names>
             </else>
           </choose>
@@ -1748,7 +1815,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1757,17 +1824,24 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <text variable="event-place"/>
-      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="event-date">
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
     <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
-        <!-- monographic usage -->
-        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
       </if>
       <else>
-        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <group delimiter=". ">
           <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
           <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
@@ -1777,12 +1851,12 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
     <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
-        <!-- monographic usage -->
-        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
       </if>
       <else>
-        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <!-- serial types -->
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
           <text macro="source-event-note"/>
@@ -1802,14 +1876,14 @@
           <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
             <names variable="reviewed-author">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
             </names>
           </if>
           <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
           <else>
             <names variable="reviewed-author">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
             </names>
           </else>
         </choose>
@@ -1830,15 +1904,16 @@
           <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
             <names variable="reviewed-author">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
             </names>
           </if>
-          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
             <names variable="reviewed-author">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
             </names>
-          </else-if>
+          </else>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
       </group>
@@ -1855,7 +1930,7 @@
             <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
               <names variable="reviewed-author">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
               </names>
             </if>
           </choose>
@@ -1883,7 +1958,7 @@
             <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
               <names variable="reviewed-author">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
               </names>
             </if>
           </choose>
@@ -1902,10 +1977,17 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-review-short">
-    <group delimiter=" ">
-      <text term="review-of"/>
-      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
-    </group>
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+        <text term="review"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
     <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
@@ -1970,7 +2052,7 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-serial-note">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <text macro="description-format-note"/>
       <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
       <text macro="label-section"/>
     </group>
@@ -1982,7 +2064,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2084,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2107,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2041,12 +2125,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
-          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="container-title">
           <choose>
@@ -2065,40 +2148,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
-              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="collection-editor">
-                  <names variable="collection-editor">
-                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                    <name and="text"/>
-                  </names>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
-          <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="collection-editor">
-                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-bib"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -2113,12 +2163,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
-          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
           <text macro="label-version"/>
           <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
           <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="container-title">
           <choose>
@@ -2137,44 +2186,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="label-version"/>
           <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </if>
-            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="collection-editor">
-                  <names variable="collection-editor">
-                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                    <name and="text"/>
-                  </names>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="collection-editor">
-                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-note"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -2185,17 +2197,11 @@
       <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
         <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
       </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
@@ -2207,17 +2213,11 @@
       <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
         <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
       </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
@@ -2228,349 +2228,432 @@
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if match="any" type="post webpage">
-          <group delimiter=". ">
-            <names variable="container-author">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="editor-translator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="editorial-director">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="guest">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="host">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="illustrator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="narrator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="producer">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="director">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
-                <names variable="script-writer">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-            <names variable="performer">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" type="thesis">
-                <names variable="contributor">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else>
-          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
-          <group delimiter=". ">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
-                <names variable="container-author">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="editor-translator">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="editorial-director">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="guest">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="host">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-            <names variable="illustrator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="narrator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
-                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="producer">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="director">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
-                    <names variable="script-writer">
-                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                      <name and="text"/>
-                    </names>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-                <names variable="performer">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
-                    <names variable="contributor">
-                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                      <name and="text"/>
-                    </names>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-            <choose>
-              <if type="song">
-                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
-                <names variable="contributor">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </group>
+          <names variable="container-author">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="editorial-director">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="guest">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="host">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="illustrator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="narrator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="producer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="director">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+              <names variable="script-writer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="performer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="thesis">
+              <names variable="contributor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+              <names variable="container-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="editor-translator">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="editorial-director">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="guest">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="host">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="illustrator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="narrator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+              <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="producer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="director">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                  <names variable="script-writer">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <names variable="performer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                  <names variable="contributor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+              <names variable="contributor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib-multivolume">
+    <!-- lowercase for attachment to volume; otherwise identical to `identifier-contributors-monographic-bib` -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+          <names variable="container-author">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="editorial-director">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="guest">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="host">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="producer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="director">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+              <names variable="script-writer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="performer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+              <names variable="contributor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if match="any" type="post webpage">
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="container-author">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="editor-translator">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="editorial-director">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="guest">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="host">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="illustrator">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="narrator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="compiler">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="producer">
-              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names variable="director">
-              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
-                <names variable="script-writer">
-                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-            <names variable="performer">
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" type="thesis">
-                <names variable="contributor">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </group>
+          <names variable="container-author">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="editorial-director">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="guest">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="host">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="illustrator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="narrator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="compiler">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="producer">
+            <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names variable="director">
+            <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+              <names variable="script-writer">
+                <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="performer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="thesis">
+              <names variable="contributor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
         </if>
         <else>
-          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
-                <names variable="container-author">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="editor-translator">
-                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
-                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="editorial-director">
-                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="guest">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="host">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
-              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
-              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
-              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
-            </names>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
-                <names variable="compiler">
-                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="producer">
-                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <names variable="director">
-                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
-                    <names variable="script-writer">
-                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
-                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                      <name and="text"/>
-                    </names>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-                <names variable="performer">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
-                    <names variable="contributor">
-                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                      <name and="text"/>
-                    </names>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-            <choose>
-              <if type="song">
-                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
-                <names variable="contributor">
-                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text"/>
-                </names>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </group>
+          <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+              <names variable="container-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="editor-translator">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="editorial-director">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="guest">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="host">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+            <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+              <names variable="compiler">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="producer">
+                <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <names variable="director">
+                <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                  <names variable="script-writer">
+                    <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <names variable="performer">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                  <names variable="contributor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+              <names variable="contributor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -2579,31 +2662,31 @@
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
-      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
-      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="producer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="director">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="script-writer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="performer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
     </group>
   </macro>
@@ -2611,68 +2694,169 @@
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <names variable="translator">
         <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="narrator">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="producer">
         <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="director">
         <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="script-writer">
         <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="performer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-and-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-and-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- cite multivolume `collection-editor`; otherwise it belongs with `collection-title` -->
+          <names variable="collection-editor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib-multivolume"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-and-volume-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- cite multivolume `collection-editor`; otherwise it belongs with `collection-title` -->
+          <names variable="collection-editor">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243 -->
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
     <choose>
-      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+      <!-- ensure `source-publication-history-bib` does not duplicate edition -->
+      <if variable="original-title">
         <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="original-title">
+      <else-if variable="issued original-date"/>
+      <else>
         <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
-      </else-if>
+      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+      <!-- ensure `source-publication-history-note` does not duplicate edition -->
+      <if variable="original-title">
         <text macro="label-edition"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="original-title">
+      <else-if variable="issued original-date"/>
+      <else>
         <text macro="label-edition"/>
-      </else-if>
+      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2871,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2745,15 +2930,13 @@
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
           <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-bib"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -2764,178 +2947,95 @@
         <if variable="container-title">
           <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
           <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-        </if>
-        <else-if variable="title">
-          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
-          <text macro="label-version"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
-          <text macro="label-version"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-note"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-and-volume-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="title-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
-      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
-      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="container-author editor editor-translator translator">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="container-author editor editor-translator translator">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4. Source -->
   <macro name="source-note">
     <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
-        <!-- serial usage -->
+      <if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
         <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
       <else>
         <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
       </else>
@@ -3009,7 +3109,8 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date status"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3023,7 +3124,7 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
-            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+            <text macro="title-volume"/>
           </group>
           <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
         </group>
@@ -3032,30 +3133,28 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Serial source identifier -->
   <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
             <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
             <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
           </group>
           <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
-        <group delimiter=": ">
-          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
-          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
           <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
           <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
     <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -3073,12 +3172,9 @@
                 <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
                 <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
                 <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
-                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
-                <else>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="genre section">
                   <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
-                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-                </else>
+                </else-if>
               </choose>
             </if>
           </choose>
@@ -3101,11 +3197,11 @@
                         <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
                           <text variable="volume"/>
                         </else-if>
-                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
-                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="genre section">
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
                         </else-if>
                         <else>
-                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
                         </else>
                       </choose>
                     </if>
@@ -3124,33 +3220,30 @@
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
                     <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
-                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                   <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
                     <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
-                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </else-if>
-                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="genre section"/>
+                  <else>
                     <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
-                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
-                  </else-if>
+                  </else>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
                 <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
-                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text variable="collection-title"/>
-          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
-          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="interview post-weblog">
+              <!-- publisher possible with broadcast `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) or `post-weblog` (CMOS18 14.105) -->
+              <text variable="publisher"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
           <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
@@ -3159,14 +3252,16 @@
   <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if variable="issued"/>
+        <else-if variable="available-date">
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
             <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
             <text value="accepted"/>
             <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
           </group>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
@@ -3181,7 +3276,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3199,14 +3303,10 @@
         <if variable="container-title">
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <group delimiter=" ">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
-                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
             <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
           </group>
@@ -3219,9 +3319,13 @@
   <!-- Monographic source title -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+      <if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture"/>
+      <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
         <text value="to"/>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal" variable="container-title genre volume-title">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="author composer">
@@ -3251,27 +3355,16 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description">
     <choose>
-      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
-        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="software">
-        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+      <if match="any" type="document report software standard">
+        <!-- place description after `container-title` -->
         <text macro="description-format-note"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
-        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- unpublished conference presentations should describe the session -->
         <text macro="description-format-note"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
@@ -3289,45 +3382,8 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
           <text macro="label-version"/>
-          <text macro="label-edition"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </if>
-            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="collection-editor">
-                  <names variable="collection-editor">
-                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                    <name and="text"/>
-                  </names>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="collection-editor">
-                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-and-volume-note"/>
         </group>
       </if>
     </choose>
@@ -3336,113 +3392,154 @@
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <names variable="container-author">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="editor-translator">
         <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
         <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="guest">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="host">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="illustrator">
         <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="narrator">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="compiler">
         <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="curator">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="producer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="editorial-director">
         <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <choose>
         <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
           <names variable="script-writer">
             <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
             <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
         </if>
       </choose>
       <names variable="director">
         <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <names variable="performer">
         <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text"/>
+        <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
       </names>
       <choose>
         <if match="none" type="song thesis">
           <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
           <names variable="contributor">
             <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text"/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-and-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- cite multivolume `collection-editor`; otherwise it belongs with `collection-title` -->
+          <names variable="collection-editor">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
         </if>
       </choose>
+      <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243 -->
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if variable="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+            <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="container-author editor editor-translator translator"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21), check for name variables falling after the general title: -->
+            <!-- <else-if variable="collection-editor"/> -->
+            <else>
               <text variable="volume"/>
-            </if>
+            </else>
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+            <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="container-author editor editor-translator translator"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21), check for name variables falling after the general title: -->
+            <!-- <else-if variable="collection-editor"/> -->
+            <else>
               <text variable="volume"/>
-            </if>
+            </else>
           </choose>
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3452,22 +3549,19 @@
   <macro name="source-series-note">
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
-              <text macro="label-issue"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
         </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if the item is not multivolume -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <names variable="collection-editor">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="source-series-title"/>
         </else>
@@ -3598,9 +3692,10 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
-        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+        <else-if variable="issued"/>
+        <else>
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
-        </else-if>
+        </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
@@ -3636,9 +3731,10 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
-        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+        <else-if variable="issued"/>
+        <else>
           <text variable="status"/>
-        </else-if>
+        </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
@@ -3708,19 +3804,18 @@
   <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
     <group delimiter="; ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
-        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
-        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
-              <!-- monographic usage -->
-              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
         <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
-        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <if type="patent"/>
+        <!-- omit serial types -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+          <!-- monographic types -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- omit serial types -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference"/>
         <else>
+          <!-- monographic types -->
           <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
@@ -3754,7 +3849,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
             <!-- in an edited collection -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
           </if>
@@ -3783,7 +3878,7 @@
       <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
         <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
             <!-- not in an edited collection -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
           </if>
@@ -3797,114 +3892,108 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
     <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
-    <choose>
-      <if disambiguate="true">
-        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+    <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true" match="none"/>
+        <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
           <choose>
-            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
-            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
-              <choose>
-                <if disambiguate="true">
-                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
             </if>
-            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
-              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+          <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
               <choose>
                 <if disambiguate="true">
                   <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
               <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
-                  <choose>
-                    <if disambiguate="true">
-                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
-                    </if>
-                  </choose>
-                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-                </if>
-                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
-                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
-                <else>
-                  <choose>
-                    <if disambiguate="true">
-                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
-                    </if>
-                  </choose>
-                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+            </if>
+            <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+            <else>
               <choose>
                 <if disambiguate="true">
                   <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
               <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if type="personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
-                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
-                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
-              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+              <!-- in an edited collection -->
               <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-            </else-if>
+            </if>
           </choose>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+          <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+          <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
     <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
     <choose>
-      <if disambiguate="true">
+      <if disambiguate="true" match="none"/>
+      <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <choose>
-          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
-          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
-          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
-          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
-              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
-              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
-                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-          </else-if>
-          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
-          <else-if type="personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
-                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
-                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
           </else-if>
-          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
-          <else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
             <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-          </else>
+          </if>
         </choose>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if match="any" type="post webpage">
-          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <!-- print `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in the same way as `publisher` (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
           <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
         </if>
       </choose>
@@ -3948,7 +4037,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4010,7 +4099,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text" initialize="false"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4070,21 +4161,6 @@
         <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
@@ -4096,19 +4172,31 @@
           </else>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
         <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="issued">
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- monographic types -->
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="numeric" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4190,21 +4278,6 @@
         <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
         <text macro="date-original-year"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
-        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
@@ -4216,10 +4289,23 @@
           </else>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
         <text macro="date-original-full"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else>
+        <!-- monographic types -->
         <text macro="date-original-year"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
@@ -4270,17 +4356,13 @@
       <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
         <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
       </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic types -->
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
-            <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <!-- serial usage -->
-            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
+        <!-- serial types -->
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
@@ -4294,12 +4376,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers to balance a part number (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4307,7 +4391,6 @@
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
@@ -4315,8 +4398,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4329,59 +4420,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS18 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4431,7 +4541,7 @@
           <text macro="legal-title"/>
           <names variable="author">
             <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
-            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
           <text macro="legal-date"/>
           <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
@@ -4515,14 +4625,12 @@
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text term="on"/>
-                <text variable="number"/>
-              </group>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text value="before the"/>
-                <text variable="section"/>
-              </group>
+              <text term="on"/>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </group>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text value="before the"/>
+              <text variable="section"/>
             </group>
           </group>
         </group>
@@ -4531,21 +4639,21 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
   <macro name="legal-identifier">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="hearing">
-        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="hearing">
           <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
           <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
           <names variable="author">
             <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
           </names>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
-        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
-        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+          <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
     <group delimiter=" ">
@@ -4605,19 +4713,17 @@
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="container-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text variable="volume"/>
-            <text variable="container-title"/>
-            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
-                <text variable="page-first"/>
-              </if>
-              <else>
-                <text value="___"/>
-              </else>
-            </choose>
-          </group>
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text value="___"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
@@ -4740,24 +4846,20 @@
           <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
           <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if type="classic">
-          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="locator">
-              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
-              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
-                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
-              </group>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
-              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
+        <else-if match="none" type="classic">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </group>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
@@ -4771,20 +4873,35 @@
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text macro="author-short"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else-if variable="container-title title">
+                  <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </group>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-          </if>
+          </else>
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL"/>
+          <else-if position="first" type="interview">
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if position="first" type="personal_communication">
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -4804,7 +4921,7 @@
           </choose>
           <names variable="editor-translator">
             <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize="true"/>
             <substitute>
               <names variable="editor"/>
               <names variable="translator"/>