csl-styles 2.0.1 → 2.0.2

data/vendor/styles/chicago-author-date-no-url.csl

@@ -0,0 +1,3914 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-inline">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-inline-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if variable="container-title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-inline-and-recipient">
+    <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="author">
+              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+              <substitute>
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              </substitute>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <!-- reprints and earlier editions may give original year in brackets (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          <group>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <group>
+          <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="collection">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
+                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+                  </if>
+                  <else>
+                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+                  </else>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-sort-group">
+    <!-- Sort items with and without dates (CMOS18 14.44):
+
+          1. items with dates (= 0)
+          2. `no date` items (= 1)
+          3. items with `status` (forthcoming, in press, etc.) (= 2) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <text value="0"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text value="2"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- n.d. -->
+        <text value="1"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-sort-year">
+    <!-- while reference lists are to be sorted chronologically (CMOS18 13.112), it appears that only the year is to be taken into account (CMOS18 13.114) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-month">
+    <date variable="issued">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-month-day">
+    <date variable="issued">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+      <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-month">
+    <date variable="original-date">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-month-day">
+    <date variable="original-date">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+      <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
+    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </if>
+      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
+      <else-if variable="part-title">
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="volume-title">
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="medium">
+        <text variable="medium"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="title-primary"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="part-number volume">
+                <group delimiter=", ">
+                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+                  <text value="of"/>
+                </group>
+              </if>
+              <else-if variable="part-number">
+                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if variable="volume">
+                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="title-primary"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <choose>
+                    <!-- no extra date details with a volume plus issue/supplement -->
+                    <if variable="issue volume"/>
+                    <else-if variable="supplement-number"/>
+                    <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
+                    <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                      <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. '4th ser.') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="volume">
+                <choose>
+                  <if variable="collection-title">
+                    <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                    <!-- provide label if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                    <choose>
+                      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                        <text variable="volume"/>
+                      </if>
+                      <!-- TODO: when CSL provides date part detection, volume should be lowercase if there is a month, but otherwise capitalized -->
+                      <else>
+                        <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+                      </else>
+                    </choose>
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else>
+                    <text variable="volume"/>
+                  </else>
+                </choose>
+                <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number">
+                      <text variable="issue"/>
+                      <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                          <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                        </if>
+                      </choose>
+                    </else-if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                      <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </group>
+              </if>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number">
+                <group delimiter=" ">
+                  <group delimiter=", ">
+                    <text macro="label-issue"/>
+                    <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+                  </group>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                      <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                </group>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+              <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (cf. CMOS18 14.110) -->
+              <text variable="publisher"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="part-title">
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="volume-title">
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="part-number volume">
+                <group delimiter=", ">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+                  <text value="of"/>
+                </group>
+              </if>
+              <else-if variable="part-number">
+                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if variable="volume">
+                <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
+        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
+    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day-serial"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-month-day">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-month-day` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+            <text macro="date-original-month"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+                <text macro="date-original-month"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-author-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author locator">
+            <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <!-- unsigned reference entry title appears in the locator (CMOS18 13.130) -->
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                  <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                  <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+            </group>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
+      <if type="graphic">
+        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
+        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
+      <if type="graphic">
+        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
+        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="archive"/>
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="archive"/>
+          <text variable="archive_location"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
+    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
+    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-author-date-item">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <text macro="author-inline"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                  <group delimiter=" ">
+                    <text macro="author-inline"/>
+                    <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  </group>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+                  <text macro="author-inline"/>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="author-inline"/>
+                <text macro="date-short"/>
+              </group>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <text macro="author-inline"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="date-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation after-collapse-delimiter="; " collapse="year" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+              </group>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+              </group>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-author-date">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="date"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="date-sort-group"/>
+      <key macro="date-sort-year"/>
+      <key macro="date"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key variable="issued"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>