code_ownership 2.1.4 → 2.2.1

data/ext/cargo-vendor/bindgen-0.72.1/ir/comp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1921 @@
+//! Compound types (unions and structs) in our intermediate representation.
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+
+use super::analysis::Sizedness;
+use super::annotations::Annotations;
+use super::context::{BindgenContext, FunctionId, ItemId, TypeId, VarId};
+use super::dot::DotAttributes;
+use super::item::{IsOpaque, Item};
+use super::layout::Layout;
+use super::template::TemplateParameters;
+use super::traversal::{EdgeKind, Trace, Tracer};
+use super::ty::RUST_DERIVE_IN_ARRAY_LIMIT;
+use crate::clang;
+use crate::codegen::struct_layout::{align_to, bytes_from_bits_pow2};
+use crate::ir::derive::CanDeriveCopy;
+use crate::parse::ParseError;
+use crate::HashMap;
+use crate::NonCopyUnionStyle;
+use std::cmp;
+use std::io;
+use std::mem;
+
+/// The kind of compound type.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum CompKind {
+    /// A struct.
+    Struct,
+    /// A union.
+    Union,
+}
+
+/// The kind of C++ method.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum MethodKind {
+    /// A constructor. We represent it as method for convenience, to avoid code
+    /// duplication.
+    Constructor,
+    /// A destructor.
+    Destructor,
+    /// A virtual destructor.
+    VirtualDestructor {
+        /// Whether it's pure virtual.
+        pure_virtual: bool,
+    },
+    /// A static method.
+    Static,
+    /// A normal method.
+    Normal,
+    /// A virtual method.
+    Virtual {
+        /// Whether it's pure virtual.
+        pure_virtual: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+impl MethodKind {
+    /// Is this a destructor method?
+    pub(crate) fn is_destructor(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            MethodKind::Destructor | MethodKind::VirtualDestructor { .. }
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Is this a pure virtual method?
+    pub(crate) fn is_pure_virtual(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            MethodKind::Virtual { pure_virtual } |
+            MethodKind::VirtualDestructor { pure_virtual } => pure_virtual,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A struct representing a C++ method, either static, normal, or virtual.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Method {
+    kind: MethodKind,
+    /// The signature of the method. Take into account this is not a `Type`
+    /// item, but a `Function` one.
+    ///
+    /// This is tricky and probably this field should be renamed.
+    signature: FunctionId,
+    is_const: bool,
+}
+
+impl Method {
+    /// Construct a new `Method`.
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        kind: MethodKind,
+        signature: FunctionId,
+        is_const: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Method {
+            kind,
+            signature,
+            is_const,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// What kind of method is this?
+    pub(crate) fn kind(&self) -> MethodKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Is this a constructor?
+    pub(crate) fn is_constructor(&self) -> bool {
+        self.kind == MethodKind::Constructor
+    }
+
+    /// Is this a virtual method?
+    pub(crate) fn is_virtual(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self.kind,
+            MethodKind::Virtual { .. } | MethodKind::VirtualDestructor { .. }
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Is this a static method?
+    pub(crate) fn is_static(&self) -> bool {
+        self.kind == MethodKind::Static
+    }
+
+    /// Get the ID for the `Function` signature for this method.
+    pub(crate) fn signature(&self) -> FunctionId {
+        self.signature
+    }
+
+    /// Is this a const qualified method?
+    pub(crate) fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_const
+    }
+}
+
+/// Methods common to the various field types.
+pub(crate) trait FieldMethods {
+    /// Get the name of this field.
+    fn name(&self) -> Option<&str>;
+
+    /// Get the type of this field.
+    fn ty(&self) -> TypeId;
+
+    /// Get the comment for this field.
+    fn comment(&self) -> Option<&str>;
+
+    /// If this is a bitfield, how many bits does it need?
+    fn bitfield_width(&self) -> Option<u32>;
+
+    /// Is this field declared public?
+    fn is_public(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Get the annotations for this field.
+    fn annotations(&self) -> &Annotations;
+
+    /// The offset of the field (in bits)
+    fn offset(&self) -> Option<usize>;
+}
+
+/// A contiguous set of logical bitfields that live within the same physical
+/// allocation unit. See 9.2.4 [class.bit] in the C++ standard and [section
+/// 2.4.II.1 in the Itanium C++
+/// ABI](http://itanium-cxx-abi.github.io/cxx-abi/abi.html#class-types).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct BitfieldUnit {
+    nth: usize,
+    layout: Layout,
+    bitfields: Vec<Bitfield>,
+}
+
+impl BitfieldUnit {
+    /// Get the 1-based index of this bitfield unit within its containing
+    /// struct. Useful for generating a Rust struct's field name for this unit
+    /// of bitfields.
+    pub(crate) fn nth(&self) -> usize {
+        self.nth
+    }
+
+    /// Get the layout within which these bitfields reside.
+    pub(crate) fn layout(&self) -> Layout {
+        self.layout
+    }
+
+    /// Get the bitfields within this unit.
+    pub(crate) fn bitfields(&self) -> &[Bitfield] {
+        &self.bitfields
+    }
+}
+
+/// A struct representing a C++ field.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum Field {
+    /// A normal data member.
+    DataMember(FieldData),
+
+    /// A physical allocation unit containing many logical bitfields.
+    Bitfields(BitfieldUnit),
+}
+
+impl Field {
+    /// Get this field's layout.
+    pub(crate) fn layout(&self, ctx: &BindgenContext) -> Option<Layout> {
+        match *self {
+            Field::Bitfields(BitfieldUnit { layout, .. }) => Some(layout),
+            Field::DataMember(ref data) => {
+                ctx.resolve_type(data.ty).layout(ctx)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Trace for Field {
+    type Extra = ();
+
+    fn trace<T>(&self, _: &BindgenContext, tracer: &mut T, _: &())
+    where
+        T: Tracer,
+    {
+        match *self {
+            Field::DataMember(ref data) => {
+                tracer.visit_kind(data.ty.into(), EdgeKind::Field);
+            }
+            Field::Bitfields(BitfieldUnit { ref bitfields, .. }) => {
+                for bf in bitfields {
+                    tracer.visit_kind(bf.ty().into(), EdgeKind::Field);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DotAttributes for Field {
+    fn dot_attributes<W>(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        out: &mut W,
+    ) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: io::Write,
+    {
+        match *self {
+            Field::DataMember(ref data) => data.dot_attributes(ctx, out),
+            Field::Bitfields(BitfieldUnit {
+                layout,
+                ref bitfields,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                writeln!(
+                    out,
+                    r#"<tr>
+                              <td>bitfield unit</td>
+                              <td>
+                                <table border="0">
+                                  <tr>
+                                    <td>unit.size</td><td>{}</td>
+                                  </tr>
+                                  <tr>
+                                    <td>unit.align</td><td>{}</td>
+                                  </tr>
+                         "#,
+                    layout.size, layout.align
+                )?;
+                for bf in bitfields {
+                    bf.dot_attributes(ctx, out)?;
+                }
+                writeln!(out, "</table></td></tr>")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DotAttributes for FieldData {
+    fn dot_attributes<W>(
+        &self,
+        _ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        out: &mut W,
+    ) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: io::Write,
+    {
+        writeln!(
+            out,
+            "<tr><td>{}</td><td>{:?}</td></tr>",
+            self.name().unwrap_or("(anonymous)"),
+            self.ty()
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl DotAttributes for Bitfield {
+    fn dot_attributes<W>(
+        &self,
+        _ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        out: &mut W,
+    ) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: io::Write,
+    {
+        writeln!(
+            out,
+            "<tr><td>{} : {}</td><td>{:?}</td></tr>",
+            self.name().unwrap_or("(anonymous)"),
+            self.width(),
+            self.ty()
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// A logical bitfield within some physical bitfield allocation unit.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Bitfield {
+    /// Index of the bit within this bitfield's allocation unit where this
+    /// bitfield's bits begin.
+    offset_into_unit: usize,
+
+    /// The field data for this bitfield.
+    data: FieldData,
+
+    /// Name of the generated Rust getter for this bitfield.
+    ///
+    /// Should be assigned before codegen.
+    getter_name: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Name of the generated Rust setter for this bitfield.
+    ///
+    /// Should be assigned before codegen.
+    setter_name: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Bitfield {
+    /// Construct a new bitfield.
+    fn new(offset_into_unit: usize, raw: RawField) -> Bitfield {
+        assert!(raw.bitfield_width().is_some());
+
+        Bitfield {
+            offset_into_unit,
+            data: raw.0,
+            getter_name: None,
+            setter_name: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the index of the bit within this bitfield's allocation unit where
+    /// this bitfield begins.
+    pub(crate) fn offset_into_unit(&self) -> usize {
+        self.offset_into_unit
+    }
+
+    /// Get the bit width of this bitfield.
+    pub(crate) fn width(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.data.bitfield_width().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Name of the generated Rust getter for this bitfield.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called before assigning bitfield accessor names or if
+    /// this bitfield have no name.
+    pub(crate) fn getter_name(&self) -> &str {
+        assert!(
+            self.name().is_some(),
+            "`Bitfield::getter_name` called on anonymous field"
+        );
+        self.getter_name.as_ref().expect(
+            "`Bitfield::getter_name` should only be called after\
+             assigning bitfield accessor names",
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Name of the generated Rust setter for this bitfield.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called before assigning bitfield accessor names or if
+    /// this bitfield have no name.
+    pub(crate) fn setter_name(&self) -> &str {
+        assert!(
+            self.name().is_some(),
+            "`Bitfield::setter_name` called on anonymous field"
+        );
+        self.setter_name.as_ref().expect(
+            "`Bitfield::setter_name` should only be called\
+             after assigning bitfield accessor names",
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl FieldMethods for Bitfield {
+    fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.data.name()
+    }
+
+    fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
+        self.data.ty()
+    }
+
+    fn comment(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.data.comment()
+    }
+
+    fn bitfield_width(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        self.data.bitfield_width()
+    }
+
+    fn is_public(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data.is_public()
+    }
+
+    fn annotations(&self) -> &Annotations {
+        self.data.annotations()
+    }
+
+    fn offset(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.data.offset()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A raw field might be either of a plain data member or a bitfield within a
+/// bitfield allocation unit, but we haven't processed it and determined which
+/// yet (which would involve allocating it into a bitfield unit if it is a
+/// bitfield).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct RawField(FieldData);
+
+impl RawField {
+    /// Construct a new `RawField`.
+    fn new(
+        name: Option<String>,
+        ty: TypeId,
+        comment: Option<String>,
+        annotations: Option<Annotations>,
+        bitfield_width: Option<u32>,
+        public: bool,
+        offset: Option<usize>,
+    ) -> RawField {
+        RawField(FieldData {
+            name,
+            ty,
+            comment,
+            annotations: annotations.unwrap_or_default(),
+            bitfield_width,
+            public,
+            offset,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl FieldMethods for RawField {
+    fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.0.name()
+    }
+
+    fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
+        self.0.ty()
+    }
+
+    fn comment(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.0.comment()
+    }
+
+    fn bitfield_width(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        self.0.bitfield_width()
+    }
+
+    fn is_public(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_public()
+    }
+
+    fn annotations(&self) -> &Annotations {
+        self.0.annotations()
+    }
+
+    fn offset(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.0.offset()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convert the given ordered set of raw fields into a list of either plain data
+/// members, and/or bitfield units containing multiple bitfields.
+///
+/// If we do not have the layout for a bitfield's type, then we can't reliably
+/// compute its allocation unit. In such cases, we return an error.
+fn raw_fields_to_fields_and_bitfield_units<I>(
+    ctx: &BindgenContext,
+    raw_fields: I,
+    packed: bool,
+) -> Result<(Vec<Field>, bool), ()>
+where
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = RawField>,
+{
+    let mut raw_fields = raw_fields.into_iter().fuse().peekable();
+    let mut fields = vec![];
+    let mut bitfield_unit_count = 0;
+
+    loop {
+        // While we have plain old data members, just keep adding them to our
+        // resulting fields. We introduce a scope here so that we can use
+        // `raw_fields` again after the `by_ref` iterator adaptor is dropped.
+        {
+            let non_bitfields = raw_fields
+                .by_ref()
+                .peeking_take_while(|f| f.bitfield_width().is_none())
+                .map(|f| Field::DataMember(f.0));
+            fields.extend(non_bitfields);
+        }
+
+        // Now gather all the consecutive bitfields. Only consecutive bitfields
+        // may potentially share a bitfield allocation unit with each other in
+        // the Itanium C++ ABI.
+        let mut bitfields = raw_fields
+            .by_ref()
+            .peeking_take_while(|f| f.bitfield_width().is_some())
+            .peekable();
+
+        if bitfields.peek().is_none() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        bitfields_to_allocation_units(
+            ctx,
+            &mut bitfield_unit_count,
+            &mut fields,
+            bitfields,
+            packed,
+        )?;
+    }
+
+    assert!(
+        raw_fields.next().is_none(),
+        "The above loop should consume all items in `raw_fields`"
+    );
+
+    Ok((fields, bitfield_unit_count != 0))
+}
+
+/// Given a set of contiguous raw bitfields, group and allocate them into
+/// (potentially multiple) bitfield units.
+fn bitfields_to_allocation_units<E, I>(
+    ctx: &BindgenContext,
+    bitfield_unit_count: &mut usize,
+    fields: &mut E,
+    raw_bitfields: I,
+    packed: bool,
+) -> Result<(), ()>
+where
+    E: Extend<Field>,
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = RawField>,
+{
+    assert!(ctx.collected_typerefs());
+
+    // NOTE: What follows is reverse-engineered from LLVM's
+    // lib/AST/RecordLayoutBuilder.cpp
+    //
+    // FIXME(emilio): There are some differences between Microsoft and the
+    // Itanium ABI, but we'll ignore those and stick to Itanium for now.
+    //
+    // Also, we need to handle packed bitfields and stuff.
+    //
+    // TODO(emilio): Take into account C++'s wide bitfields, and
+    // packing, sigh.
+
+    fn flush_allocation_unit<E>(
+        fields: &mut E,
+        bitfield_unit_count: &mut usize,
+        unit_size_in_bits: usize,
+        unit_align_in_bits: usize,
+        bitfields: Vec<Bitfield>,
+        packed: bool,
+    ) where
+        E: Extend<Field>,
+    {
+        *bitfield_unit_count += 1;
+        let align = if packed {
+            1
+        } else {
+            bytes_from_bits_pow2(unit_align_in_bits)
+        };
+        let size = align_to(unit_size_in_bits, 8) / 8;
+        let layout = Layout::new(size, align);
+        fields.extend(Some(Field::Bitfields(BitfieldUnit {
+            nth: *bitfield_unit_count,
+            layout,
+            bitfields,
+        })));
+    }
+
+    let mut max_align = 0;
+    let mut unfilled_bits_in_unit = 0;
+    let mut unit_size_in_bits = 0;
+    let mut unit_align = 0;
+    let mut bitfields_in_unit = vec![];
+
+    // TODO(emilio): Determine this from attributes or pragma ms_struct
+    // directives. Also, perhaps we should check if the target is MSVC?
+    const is_ms_struct: bool = false;
+
+    for bitfield in raw_bitfields {
+        let bitfield_width = bitfield.bitfield_width().unwrap() as usize;
+        let bitfield_layout =
+            ctx.resolve_type(bitfield.ty()).layout(ctx).ok_or(())?;
+        let bitfield_size = bitfield_layout.size;
+        let bitfield_align = bitfield_layout.align;
+
+        let mut offset = unit_size_in_bits;
+        if !packed {
+            if is_ms_struct {
+                if unit_size_in_bits != 0 &&
+                    (bitfield_width == 0 ||
+                        bitfield_width > unfilled_bits_in_unit)
+                {
+                    // We've reached the end of this allocation unit, so flush it
+                    // and its bitfields.
+                    unit_size_in_bits =
+                        align_to(unit_size_in_bits, unit_align * 8);
+                    flush_allocation_unit(
+                        fields,
+                        bitfield_unit_count,
+                        unit_size_in_bits,
+                        unit_align,
+                        mem::take(&mut bitfields_in_unit),
+                        packed,
+                    );
+
+                    // Now we're working on a fresh bitfield allocation unit, so reset
+                    // the current unit size and alignment.
+                    offset = 0;
+                    unit_align = 0;
+                }
+            } else if offset != 0 &&
+                (bitfield_width == 0 ||
+                    (offset & (bitfield_align * 8 - 1)) + bitfield_width >
+                        bitfield_size * 8)
+            {
+                offset = align_to(offset, bitfield_align * 8);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // According to the x86[-64] ABI spec: "Unnamed bit-fields’ types do not
+        // affect the alignment of a structure or union". This makes sense: such
+        // bit-fields are only used for padding, and we can't perform an
+        // un-aligned read of something we can't read because we can't even name
+        // it.
+        if bitfield.name().is_some() {
+            max_align = cmp::max(max_align, bitfield_align);
+
+            // NB: The `bitfield_width` here is completely, absolutely
+            // intentional.  Alignment of the allocation unit is based on the
+            // maximum bitfield width, not (directly) on the bitfields' types'
+            // alignment.
+            unit_align = cmp::max(unit_align, bitfield_width);
+        }
+
+        // Always keep all bitfields around. While unnamed bitifields are used
+        // for padding (and usually not needed hereafter), large unnamed
+        // bitfields over their types size cause weird allocation size behavior from clang.
+        // Therefore, all bitfields needed to be kept around in order to check for this
+        // and make the struct opaque in this case
+        bitfields_in_unit.push(Bitfield::new(offset, bitfield));
+
+        unit_size_in_bits = offset + bitfield_width;
+
+        // Compute what the physical unit's final size would be given what we
+        // have seen so far, and use that to compute how many bits are still
+        // available in the unit.
+        let data_size = align_to(unit_size_in_bits, bitfield_align * 8);
+        unfilled_bits_in_unit = data_size - unit_size_in_bits;
+    }
+
+    if unit_size_in_bits != 0 {
+        // Flush the last allocation unit and its bitfields.
+        flush_allocation_unit(
+            fields,
+            bitfield_unit_count,
+            unit_size_in_bits,
+            unit_align,
+            bitfields_in_unit,
+            packed,
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// A compound structure's fields are initially raw, and have bitfields that
+/// have not been grouped into allocation units. During this time, the fields
+/// are mutable and we build them up during parsing.
+///
+/// Then, once resolving typerefs is completed, we compute all structs' fields'
+/// bitfield allocation units, and they remain frozen and immutable forever
+/// after.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum CompFields {
+    Before(Vec<RawField>),
+    After {
+        fields: Vec<Field>,
+        has_bitfield_units: bool,
+    },
+    Error,
+}
+
+impl Default for CompFields {
+    fn default() -> CompFields {
+        CompFields::Before(vec![])
+    }
+}
+
+impl CompFields {
+    fn append_raw_field(&mut self, raw: RawField) {
+        match *self {
+            CompFields::Before(ref mut raws) => {
+                raws.push(raw);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                panic!(
+                    "Must not append new fields after computing bitfield allocation units"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn compute_bitfield_units(&mut self, ctx: &BindgenContext, packed: bool) {
+        let raws = match *self {
+            CompFields::Before(ref mut raws) => mem::take(raws),
+            _ => {
+                panic!("Already computed bitfield units");
+            }
+        };
+
+        let result = raw_fields_to_fields_and_bitfield_units(ctx, raws, packed);
+
+        match result {
+            Ok((fields, has_bitfield_units)) => {
+                *self = CompFields::After {
+                    fields,
+                    has_bitfield_units,
+                };
+            }
+            Err(()) => {
+                *self = CompFields::Error;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deanonymize_fields(&mut self, ctx: &BindgenContext, methods: &[Method]) {
+        let fields = match *self {
+            CompFields::After { ref mut fields, .. } => fields,
+            // Nothing to do here.
+            CompFields::Error => return,
+            CompFields::Before(_) => {
+                panic!("Not yet computed bitfield units.");
+            }
+        };
+
+        fn has_method(
+            methods: &[Method],
+            ctx: &BindgenContext,
+            name: &str,
+        ) -> bool {
+            methods.iter().any(|method| {
+                let method_name = ctx.resolve_func(method.signature()).name();
+                method_name == name || ctx.rust_mangle(method_name) == name
+            })
+        }
+
+        struct AccessorNamesPair {
+            getter: String,
+            setter: String,
+        }
+
+        let mut accessor_names: HashMap<String, AccessorNamesPair> = fields
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|field| match *field {
+                Field::Bitfields(ref bu) => &*bu.bitfields,
+                Field::DataMember(_) => &[],
+            })
+            .filter_map(|bitfield| bitfield.name())
+            .map(|bitfield_name| {
+                let bitfield_name = bitfield_name.to_string();
+                let getter = {
+                    let mut getter =
+                        ctx.rust_mangle(&bitfield_name).to_string();
+                    if has_method(methods, ctx, &getter) {
+                        getter.push_str("_bindgen_bitfield");
+                    }
+                    getter
+                };
+                let setter = {
+                    let setter = format!("set_{bitfield_name}");
+                    let mut setter = ctx.rust_mangle(&setter).to_string();
+                    if has_method(methods, ctx, &setter) {
+                        setter.push_str("_bindgen_bitfield");
+                    }
+                    setter
+                };
+                (bitfield_name, AccessorNamesPair { getter, setter })
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let mut anon_field_counter = 0;
+        for field in fields.iter_mut() {
+            match *field {
+                Field::DataMember(FieldData { ref mut name, .. }) => {
+                    if name.is_some() {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    anon_field_counter += 1;
+                    *name = Some(format!(
+                        "{}{anon_field_counter}",
+                        ctx.options().anon_fields_prefix,
+                    ));
+                }
+                Field::Bitfields(ref mut bu) => {
+                    for bitfield in &mut bu.bitfields {
+                        if bitfield.name().is_none() {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if let Some(AccessorNamesPair { getter, setter }) =
+                            accessor_names.remove(bitfield.name().unwrap())
+                        {
+                            bitfield.getter_name = Some(getter);
+                            bitfield.setter_name = Some(setter);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the flex array member for the struct/class, if any.
+    fn flex_array_member(&self, ctx: &BindgenContext) -> Option<TypeId> {
+        let fields = match self {
+            CompFields::Before(_) => panic!("raw fields"),
+            CompFields::After { fields, .. } => fields,
+            CompFields::Error => return None, // panic?
+        };
+
+        match fields.last()? {
+            Field::Bitfields(..) => None,
+            Field::DataMember(FieldData { ty, .. }) => ctx
+                .resolve_type(*ty)
+                .is_incomplete_array(ctx)
+                .map(|item| item.expect_type_id(ctx)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Trace for CompFields {
+    type Extra = ();
+
+    fn trace<T>(&self, context: &BindgenContext, tracer: &mut T, _: &())
+    where
+        T: Tracer,
+    {
+        match *self {
+            CompFields::Error => {}
+            CompFields::Before(ref fields) => {
+                for f in fields {
+                    tracer.visit_kind(f.ty().into(), EdgeKind::Field);
+                }
+            }
+            CompFields::After { ref fields, .. } => {
+                for f in fields {
+                    f.trace(context, tracer, &());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Common data shared across different field types.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct FieldData {
+    /// The name of the field, empty if it's an unnamed bitfield width.
+    name: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The inner type.
+    ty: TypeId,
+
+    /// The doc comment on the field if any.
+    comment: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Annotations for this field, or the default.
+    annotations: Annotations,
+
+    /// If this field is a bitfield, and how many bits does it contain if it is.
+    bitfield_width: Option<u32>,
+
+    /// If the C++ field is declared `public`
+    public: bool,
+
+    /// The offset of the field (in bits)
+    offset: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl FieldMethods for FieldData {
+    fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.name.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    fn ty(&self) -> TypeId {
+        self.ty
+    }
+
+    fn comment(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.comment.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    fn bitfield_width(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        self.bitfield_width
+    }
+
+    fn is_public(&self) -> bool {
+        self.public
+    }
+
+    fn annotations(&self) -> &Annotations {
+        &self.annotations
+    }
+
+    fn offset(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.offset
+    }
+}
+
+/// The kind of inheritance a base class is using.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum BaseKind {
+    /// Normal inheritance, like:
+    ///
+    /// ```cpp
+    /// class A : public B {};
+    /// ```
+    Normal,
+    /// Virtual inheritance, like:
+    ///
+    /// ```cpp
+    /// class A: public virtual B {};
+    /// ```
+    Virtual,
+}
+
+/// A base class.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Base {
+    /// The type of this base class.
+    pub(crate) ty: TypeId,
+    /// The kind of inheritance we're doing.
+    pub(crate) kind: BaseKind,
+    /// Name of the field in which this base should be stored.
+    pub(crate) field_name: String,
+    /// Whether this base is inherited from publicly.
+    pub(crate) is_pub: bool,
+}
+
+impl Base {
+    /// Whether this base class is inheriting virtually.
+    pub(crate) fn is_virtual(&self) -> bool {
+        self.kind == BaseKind::Virtual
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this base class should have it's own field for storage.
+    pub(crate) fn requires_storage(&self, ctx: &BindgenContext) -> bool {
+        // Virtual bases are already taken into account by the vtable
+        // pointer.
+        //
+        // FIXME(emilio): Is this always right?
+        if self.is_virtual() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // NB: We won't include zero-sized types in our base chain because they
+        // would contribute to our size given the dummy field we insert for
+        // zero-sized types.
+        if self.ty.is_zero_sized(ctx) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this base is inherited from publicly.
+    pub(crate) fn is_public(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_pub
+    }
+}
+
+/// A compound type.
+///
+/// Either a struct or union, a compound type is built up from the combination
+/// of fields which also are associated with their own (potentially compound)
+/// type.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct CompInfo {
+    /// Whether this is a struct or a union.
+    kind: CompKind,
+
+    /// The members of this struct or union.
+    fields: CompFields,
+
+    /// The abstract template parameters of this class. Note that these are NOT
+    /// concrete template arguments, and should always be a
+    /// `Type(TypeKind::TypeParam(name))`. For concrete template arguments, see
+    /// `TypeKind::TemplateInstantiation`.
+    template_params: Vec<TypeId>,
+
+    /// The method declarations inside this class, if in C++ mode.
+    methods: Vec<Method>,
+
+    /// The different constructors this struct or class contains.
+    constructors: Vec<FunctionId>,
+
+    /// The destructor of this type. The bool represents whether this destructor
+    /// is virtual.
+    destructor: Option<(MethodKind, FunctionId)>,
+
+    /// Vector of classes this one inherits from.
+    base_members: Vec<Base>,
+
+    /// The inner types that were declared inside this class, in something like:
+    ///
+    /// ```c++
+    /// class Foo {
+    ///     typedef int FooTy;
+    ///     struct Bar {
+    ///         int baz;
+    ///     };
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// static Foo::Bar const = {3};
+    /// ```
+    inner_types: Vec<TypeId>,
+
+    /// Set of static constants declared inside this class.
+    inner_vars: Vec<VarId>,
+
+    /// Whether this type should generate an vtable (TODO: Should be able to
+    /// look at the virtual methods and ditch this field).
+    has_own_virtual_method: bool,
+
+    /// Whether this type has destructor.
+    has_destructor: bool,
+
+    /// Whether this type has a base type with more than one member.
+    ///
+    /// TODO: We should be able to compute this.
+    has_nonempty_base: bool,
+
+    /// If this type has a template parameter which is not a type (e.g.: a
+    /// `size_t`)
+    has_non_type_template_params: bool,
+
+    /// Whether this type has a bit field member whose width couldn't be
+    /// evaluated (e.g. if it depends on a template parameter). We generate an
+    /// opaque type in this case.
+    has_unevaluable_bit_field_width: bool,
+
+    /// Whether we saw `__attribute__((packed))` on or within this type.
+    packed_attr: bool,
+
+    /// Used to know if we've found an opaque attribute that could cause us to
+    /// generate a type with invalid layout. This is explicitly used to avoid us
+    /// generating bad alignments when parsing types like `max_align_t`.
+    ///
+    /// It's not clear what the behavior should be here, if generating the item
+    /// and pray, or behave as an opaque type.
+    found_unknown_attr: bool,
+
+    /// Used to indicate when a struct has been forward declared. Usually used
+    /// in headers so that APIs can't modify them directly.
+    is_forward_declaration: bool,
+}
+
+impl CompInfo {
+    /// Construct a new compound type.
+    pub(crate) fn new(kind: CompKind) -> Self {
+        CompInfo {
+            kind,
+            fields: CompFields::default(),
+            template_params: vec![],
+            methods: vec![],
+            constructors: vec![],
+            destructor: None,
+            base_members: vec![],
+            inner_types: vec![],
+            inner_vars: vec![],
+            has_own_virtual_method: false,
+            has_destructor: false,
+            has_nonempty_base: false,
+            has_non_type_template_params: false,
+            has_unevaluable_bit_field_width: false,
+            packed_attr: false,
+            found_unknown_attr: false,
+            is_forward_declaration: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Compute the layout of this type.
+    ///
+    /// This is called as a fallback under some circumstances where LLVM doesn't
+    /// give us the correct layout.
+    ///
+    /// If we're a union without known layout, we try to compute it from our
+    /// members. This is not ideal, but clang fails to report the size for these
+    /// kind of unions, see `test/headers/template_union.hpp`
+    pub(crate) fn layout(&self, ctx: &BindgenContext) -> Option<Layout> {
+        // We can't do better than clang here, sorry.
+        if self.kind == CompKind::Struct {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // By definition, we don't have the right layout information here if
+        // we're a forward declaration.
+        if self.is_forward_declaration() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // empty union case
+        if !self.has_fields() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let mut max_size = 0;
+        // Don't allow align(0)
+        let mut max_align = 1;
+        self.each_known_field_layout(ctx, |layout| {
+            max_size = cmp::max(max_size, layout.size);
+            max_align = cmp::max(max_align, layout.align);
+        });
+
+        Some(Layout::new(max_size, max_align))
+    }
+
+    /// Get this type's set of fields.
+    pub(crate) fn fields(&self) -> &[Field] {
+        match self.fields {
+            CompFields::Error => &[],
+            CompFields::After { ref fields, .. } => fields,
+            CompFields::Before(..) => {
+                panic!("Should always have computed bitfield units first");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the flex array member and its element type if any
+    pub(crate) fn flex_array_member(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+    ) -> Option<TypeId> {
+        self.fields.flex_array_member(ctx)
+    }
+
+    fn has_fields(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.fields {
+            CompFields::Error => false,
+            CompFields::After { ref fields, .. } => !fields.is_empty(),
+            CompFields::Before(ref raw_fields) => !raw_fields.is_empty(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn each_known_field_layout(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        mut callback: impl FnMut(Layout),
+    ) {
+        match self.fields {
+            CompFields::Error => {}
+            CompFields::After { ref fields, .. } => {
+                for field in fields {
+                    if let Some(layout) = field.layout(ctx) {
+                        callback(layout);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            CompFields::Before(ref raw_fields) => {
+                for field in raw_fields {
+                    let field_ty = ctx.resolve_type(field.0.ty);
+                    if let Some(layout) = field_ty.layout(ctx) {
+                        callback(layout);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn has_bitfields(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.fields {
+            CompFields::Error => false,
+            CompFields::After {
+                has_bitfield_units, ..
+            } => has_bitfield_units,
+            CompFields::Before(_) => {
+                panic!("Should always have computed bitfield units first");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether we have a too large bitfield unit, in which case we may
+    /// not be able to derive some of the things we should be able to normally
+    /// derive.
+    pub(crate) fn has_too_large_bitfield_unit(&self) -> bool {
+        if !self.has_bitfields() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.fields().iter().any(|field| match *field {
+            Field::DataMember(..) => false,
+            Field::Bitfields(ref unit) => {
+                unit.layout.size > RUST_DERIVE_IN_ARRAY_LIMIT
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Does this type have any template parameters that aren't types
+    /// (e.g. int)?
+    pub(crate) fn has_non_type_template_params(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_non_type_template_params
+    }
+
+    /// Do we see a virtual function during parsing?
+    /// Get the `has_own_virtual_method` boolean.
+    pub(crate) fn has_own_virtual_method(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_own_virtual_method
+    }
+
+    /// Did we see a destructor when parsing this type?
+    pub(crate) fn has_own_destructor(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_destructor
+    }
+
+    /// Get this type's set of methods.
+    pub(crate) fn methods(&self) -> &[Method] {
+        &self.methods
+    }
+
+    /// Get this type's set of constructors.
+    pub(crate) fn constructors(&self) -> &[FunctionId] {
+        &self.constructors
+    }
+
+    /// Get this type's destructor.
+    pub(crate) fn destructor(&self) -> Option<(MethodKind, FunctionId)> {
+        self.destructor
+    }
+
+    /// What kind of compound type is this?
+    pub(crate) fn kind(&self) -> CompKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Is this a union?
+    pub(crate) fn is_union(&self) -> bool {
+        self.kind() == CompKind::Union
+    }
+
+    /// The set of types that this one inherits from.
+    pub(crate) fn base_members(&self) -> &[Base] {
+        &self.base_members
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a new compound type from a Clang type.
+    pub(crate) fn from_ty(
+        potential_id: ItemId,
+        ty: &clang::Type,
+        location: Option<clang::Cursor>,
+        ctx: &mut BindgenContext,
+    ) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        use clang_sys::*;
+        assert!(
+            ty.template_args().is_none(),
+            "We handle template instantiations elsewhere"
+        );
+
+        let mut cursor = ty.declaration();
+        let mut kind = Self::kind_from_cursor(&cursor);
+        if kind.is_err() {
+            if let Some(location) = location {
+                kind = Self::kind_from_cursor(&location);
+                cursor = location;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let kind = kind?;
+
+        debug!("CompInfo::from_ty({kind:?}, {cursor:?})");
+
+        let mut ci = CompInfo::new(kind);
+        ci.is_forward_declaration =
+            location.map_or(true, |cur| match cur.kind() {
+                CXCursor_ParmDecl => true,
+                CXCursor_StructDecl | CXCursor_UnionDecl |
+                CXCursor_ClassDecl => !cur.is_definition(),
+                _ => false,
+            });
+
+        let mut maybe_anonymous_struct_field = None;
+        cursor.visit(|cur| {
+            if cur.kind() != CXCursor_FieldDecl {
+                if let Some((ty, clang_ty, public, offset)) =
+                    maybe_anonymous_struct_field.take()
+                {
+                    if cur.kind() == CXCursor_TypedefDecl &&
+                        cur.typedef_type().unwrap().canonical_type() ==
+                            clang_ty
+                    {
+                        // Typedefs of anonymous structs appear later in the ast
+                        // than the struct itself, that would otherwise be an
+                        // anonymous field. Detect that case here, and do
+                        // nothing.
+                    } else {
+                        let field = RawField::new(
+                            None, ty, None, None, None, public, offset,
+                        );
+                        ci.fields.append_raw_field(field);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            match cur.kind() {
+                CXCursor_FieldDecl => {
+                    if let Some((ty, clang_ty, public, offset)) =
+                        maybe_anonymous_struct_field.take()
+                    {
+                        let mut used = false;
+                        cur.visit(|child| {
+                            if child.cur_type() == clang_ty {
+                                used = true;
+                            }
+                            CXChildVisit_Continue
+                        });
+
+                        if !used {
+                            let field = RawField::new(
+                                None, ty, None, None, None, public, offset,
+                            );
+                            ci.fields.append_raw_field(field);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    let bit_width = if cur.is_bit_field() {
+                        let width = cur.bit_width();
+
+                        // Make opaque type if the bit width couldn't be
+                        // evaluated.
+                        if width.is_none() {
+                            ci.has_unevaluable_bit_field_width = true;
+                            return CXChildVisit_Break;
+                        }
+
+                        width
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+
+                    let field_type = Item::from_ty_or_ref(
+                        cur.cur_type(),
+                        cur,
+                        Some(potential_id),
+                        ctx,
+                    );
+
+                    let comment = cur.raw_comment();
+                    let annotations = Annotations::new(&cur);
+                    let name = cur.spelling();
+                    let is_public = cur.public_accessible();
+                    let offset = cur.offset_of_field().ok();
+
+                    // Name can be empty if there are bitfields, for example,
+                    // see tests/headers/struct_with_bitfields.h
+                    assert!(
+                        !name.is_empty() || bit_width.is_some(),
+                        "Empty field name?"
+                    );
+
+                    let name = if name.is_empty() { None } else { Some(name) };
+
+                    let field = RawField::new(
+                        name,
+                        field_type,
+                        comment,
+                        annotations,
+                        bit_width,
+                        is_public,
+                        offset,
+                    );
+                    ci.fields.append_raw_field(field);
+
+                    // No we look for things like attributes and stuff.
+                    cur.visit(|cur| {
+                        if cur.kind() == CXCursor_UnexposedAttr {
+                            ci.found_unknown_attr = true;
+                        }
+                        CXChildVisit_Continue
+                    });
+                }
+                CXCursor_UnexposedAttr => {
+                    ci.found_unknown_attr = true;
+                }
+                CXCursor_EnumDecl |
+                CXCursor_TypeAliasDecl |
+                CXCursor_TypeAliasTemplateDecl |
+                CXCursor_TypedefDecl |
+                CXCursor_StructDecl |
+                CXCursor_UnionDecl |
+                CXCursor_ClassTemplate |
+                CXCursor_ClassDecl => {
+                    // We can find non-semantic children here, clang uses a
+                    // StructDecl to note incomplete structs that haven't been
+                    // forward-declared before, see [1].
+                    //
+                    // Also, clang seems to scope struct definitions inside
+                    // unions, and other named struct definitions inside other
+                    // structs to the whole translation unit.
+                    //
+                    // Let's just assume that if the cursor we've found is a
+                    // definition, it's a valid inner type.
+                    //
+                    // [1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/issues/482
+                    let is_inner_struct =
+                        cur.semantic_parent() == cursor || cur.is_definition();
+                    if !is_inner_struct {
+                        return CXChildVisit_Continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Even if this is a definition, we may not be the semantic
+                    // parent, see #1281.
+                    let inner = Item::parse(cur, Some(potential_id), ctx)
+                        .expect("Inner ClassDecl");
+
+                    // If we avoided recursion parsing this type (in
+                    // `Item::from_ty_with_id()`), then this might not be a
+                    // valid type ID, so check and gracefully handle this.
+                    if ctx.resolve_item_fallible(inner).is_some() {
+                        let inner = inner.expect_type_id(ctx);
+
+                        ci.inner_types.push(inner);
+
+                        // A declaration of an union or a struct without name
+                        // could also be an unnamed field, unfortunately.
+                        if cur.is_anonymous() && cur.kind() != CXCursor_EnumDecl
+                        {
+                            let ty = cur.cur_type();
+                            let public = cur.public_accessible();
+                            let offset = cur.offset_of_field().ok();
+
+                            maybe_anonymous_struct_field =
+                                Some((inner, ty, public, offset));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                CXCursor_PackedAttr => {
+                    ci.packed_attr = true;
+                }
+                CXCursor_TemplateTypeParameter => {
+                    let param = Item::type_param(None, cur, ctx).expect(
+                        "Item::type_param shouldn't fail when pointing \
+                         at a TemplateTypeParameter",
+                    );
+                    ci.template_params.push(param);
+                }
+                CXCursor_CXXBaseSpecifier => {
+                    let is_virtual_base = cur.is_virtual_base();
+                    ci.has_own_virtual_method |= is_virtual_base;
+
+                    let kind = if is_virtual_base {
+                        BaseKind::Virtual
+                    } else {
+                        BaseKind::Normal
+                    };
+
+                    let field_name = match ci.base_members.len() {
+                        0 => "_base".into(),
+                        n => format!("_base_{n}"),
+                    };
+                    let type_id =
+                        Item::from_ty_or_ref(cur.cur_type(), cur, None, ctx);
+                    ci.base_members.push(Base {
+                        ty: type_id,
+                        kind,
+                        field_name,
+                        is_pub: cur.access_specifier() == CX_CXXPublic,
+                    });
+                }
+                CXCursor_Constructor | CXCursor_Destructor |
+                CXCursor_CXXMethod => {
+                    let is_virtual = cur.method_is_virtual();
+                    let is_static = cur.method_is_static();
+                    debug_assert!(!(is_static && is_virtual), "How?");
+
+                    ci.has_destructor |= cur.kind() == CXCursor_Destructor;
+                    ci.has_own_virtual_method |= is_virtual;
+
+                    // This used to not be here, but then I tried generating
+                    // stylo bindings with this (without path filters), and
+                    // cried a lot with a method in gfx/Point.h
+                    // (ToUnknownPoint), that somehow was causing the same type
+                    // to be inserted in the map two times.
+                    //
+                    // I couldn't make a reduced test case, but anyway...
+                    // Methods of template functions not only used to be inlined,
+                    // but also instantiated, and we wouldn't be able to call
+                    // them, so just bail out.
+                    if !ci.template_params.is_empty() {
+                        return CXChildVisit_Continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // NB: This gets us an owned `Function`, not a
+                    // `FunctionSig`.
+                    let signature =
+                        match Item::parse(cur, Some(potential_id), ctx) {
+                            Ok(item)
+                                if ctx
+                                    .resolve_item(item)
+                                    .kind()
+                                    .is_function() =>
+                            {
+                                item
+                            }
+                            _ => return CXChildVisit_Continue,
+                        };
+
+                    let signature = signature.expect_function_id(ctx);
+
+                    match cur.kind() {
+                        CXCursor_Constructor => {
+                            ci.constructors.push(signature);
+                        }
+                        CXCursor_Destructor => {
+                            let kind = if is_virtual {
+                                MethodKind::VirtualDestructor {
+                                    pure_virtual: cur.method_is_pure_virtual(),
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                MethodKind::Destructor
+                            };
+                            ci.destructor = Some((kind, signature));
+                        }
+                        CXCursor_CXXMethod => {
+                            let is_const = cur.method_is_const();
+                            let method_kind = if is_static {
+                                MethodKind::Static
+                            } else if is_virtual {
+                                MethodKind::Virtual {
+                                    pure_virtual: cur.method_is_pure_virtual(),
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                MethodKind::Normal
+                            };
+
+                            let method =
+                                Method::new(method_kind, signature, is_const);
+
+                            ci.methods.push(method);
+                        }
+                        _ => unreachable!("How can we see this here?"),
+                    }
+                }
+                CXCursor_NonTypeTemplateParameter => {
+                    ci.has_non_type_template_params = true;
+                }
+                CXCursor_VarDecl => {
+                    let linkage = cur.linkage();
+                    if linkage != CXLinkage_External &&
+                        linkage != CXLinkage_UniqueExternal
+                    {
+                        return CXChildVisit_Continue;
+                    }
+
+                    let visibility = cur.visibility();
+                    if visibility != CXVisibility_Default {
+                        return CXChildVisit_Continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if let Ok(item) = Item::parse(cur, Some(potential_id), ctx)
+                    {
+                        ci.inner_vars.push(item.as_var_id_unchecked());
+                    }
+                }
+                // Intentionally not handled
+                CXCursor_CXXAccessSpecifier |
+                CXCursor_CXXFinalAttr |
+                CXCursor_FunctionTemplate |
+                CXCursor_ConversionFunction => {}
+                _ => {
+                    warn!(
+                        "unhandled comp member `{}` (kind {:?}) in `{}` ({})",
+                        cur.spelling(),
+                        clang::kind_to_str(cur.kind()),
+                        cursor.spelling(),
+                        cur.location()
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            CXChildVisit_Continue
+        });
+
+        if let Some((ty, _, public, offset)) = maybe_anonymous_struct_field {
+            let field =
+                RawField::new(None, ty, None, None, None, public, offset);
+            ci.fields.append_raw_field(field);
+        }
+
+        Ok(ci)
+    }
+
+    fn kind_from_cursor(
+        cursor: &clang::Cursor,
+    ) -> Result<CompKind, ParseError> {
+        use clang_sys::*;
+        Ok(match cursor.kind() {
+            CXCursor_UnionDecl => CompKind::Union,
+            CXCursor_ClassDecl | CXCursor_StructDecl => CompKind::Struct,
+            CXCursor_CXXBaseSpecifier |
+            CXCursor_ClassTemplatePartialSpecialization |
+            CXCursor_ClassTemplate => match cursor.template_kind() {
+                CXCursor_UnionDecl => CompKind::Union,
+                _ => CompKind::Struct,
+            },
+            _ => {
+                warn!("Unknown kind for comp type: {cursor:?}");
+                return Err(ParseError::Continue);
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the set of types that were declared within this compound type
+    /// (e.g. nested class definitions).
+    pub(crate) fn inner_types(&self) -> &[TypeId] {
+        &self.inner_types
+    }
+
+    /// Get the set of static variables declared within this compound type.
+    pub(crate) fn inner_vars(&self) -> &[VarId] {
+        &self.inner_vars
+    }
+
+    /// Have we found a field with an opaque type that could potentially mess up
+    /// the layout of this compound type?
+    pub(crate) fn found_unknown_attr(&self) -> bool {
+        self.found_unknown_attr
+    }
+
+    /// Is this compound type packed?
+    pub(crate) fn is_packed(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        layout: Option<&Layout>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        if self.packed_attr {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Even though `libclang` doesn't expose `#pragma packed(...)`, we can
+        // detect it through its effects.
+        if let Some(parent_layout) = layout {
+            let mut packed = false;
+            self.each_known_field_layout(ctx, |layout| {
+                packed = packed || layout.align > parent_layout.align;
+            });
+            if packed {
+                info!("Found a struct that was defined within `#pragma packed(...)`");
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if self.has_own_virtual_method && parent_layout.align == 1 {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
+    /// Return true if a compound type is "naturally packed". This means we can exclude the
+    /// "packed" attribute without changing the layout.
+    /// This is useful for types that need an "align(N)" attribute since rustc won't compile
+    /// structs that have both of those attributes.
+    pub(crate) fn already_packed(&self, ctx: &BindgenContext) -> Option<bool> {
+        let mut total_size: usize = 0;
+
+        for field in self.fields() {
+            let layout = field.layout(ctx)?;
+
+            if layout.align != 0 && total_size % layout.align != 0 {
+                return Some(false);
+            }
+
+            total_size += layout.size;
+        }
+
+        Some(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if compound type has been forward declared
+    pub(crate) fn is_forward_declaration(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_forward_declaration
+    }
+
+    /// Compute this compound structure's bitfield allocation units.
+    pub(crate) fn compute_bitfield_units(
+        &mut self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        layout: Option<&Layout>,
+    ) {
+        let packed = self.is_packed(ctx, layout);
+        self.fields.compute_bitfield_units(ctx, packed);
+    }
+
+    /// Assign for each anonymous field a generated name.
+    pub(crate) fn deanonymize_fields(&mut self, ctx: &BindgenContext) {
+        self.fields.deanonymize_fields(ctx, &self.methods);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the current union can be represented as a Rust `union`
+    ///
+    /// Requirements:
+    ///     1. Current `RustTarget` allows for `untagged_union`
+    ///     2. Each field can derive `Copy` or we use `ManuallyDrop`.
+    ///     3. It's not zero-sized.
+    ///
+    /// Second boolean returns whether all fields can be copied (and thus
+    /// `ManuallyDrop` is not needed).
+    pub(crate) fn is_rust_union(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        layout: Option<&Layout>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> (bool, bool) {
+        if !self.is_union() {
+            return (false, false);
+        }
+
+        if !ctx.options().untagged_union {
+            return (false, false);
+        }
+
+        if self.is_forward_declaration() {
+            return (false, false);
+        }
+
+        let union_style = if ctx.options().bindgen_wrapper_union.matches(name) {
+            NonCopyUnionStyle::BindgenWrapper
+        } else if ctx.options().manually_drop_union.matches(name) {
+            NonCopyUnionStyle::ManuallyDrop
+        } else {
+            ctx.options().default_non_copy_union_style
+        };
+
+        let all_can_copy = self.fields().iter().all(|f| match *f {
+            Field::DataMember(ref field_data) => {
+                field_data.ty().can_derive_copy(ctx)
+            }
+            Field::Bitfields(_) => true,
+        });
+
+        if !all_can_copy && union_style == NonCopyUnionStyle::BindgenWrapper {
+            return (false, false);
+        }
+
+        if layout.is_some_and(|l| l.size == 0) {
+            return (false, false);
+        }
+
+        (true, all_can_copy)
+    }
+}
+
+impl DotAttributes for CompInfo {
+    fn dot_attributes<W>(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &BindgenContext,
+        out: &mut W,
+    ) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: io::Write,
+    {
+        writeln!(out, "<tr><td>CompKind</td><td>{:?}</td></tr>", self.kind)?;
+
+        if self.has_own_virtual_method {
+            writeln!(out, "<tr><td>has_vtable</td><td>true</td></tr>")?;
+        }
+
+        if self.has_destructor {
+            writeln!(out, "<tr><td>has_destructor</td><td>true</td></tr>")?;
+        }
+
+        if self.has_nonempty_base {
+            writeln!(out, "<tr><td>has_nonempty_base</td><td>true</td></tr>")?;
+        }
+
+        if self.has_non_type_template_params {
+            writeln!(
+                out,
+                "<tr><td>has_non_type_template_params</td><td>true</td></tr>"
+            )?;
+        }
+
+        if self.packed_attr {
+            writeln!(out, "<tr><td>packed_attr</td><td>true</td></tr>")?;
+        }
+
+        if self.is_forward_declaration {
+            writeln!(
+                out,
+                "<tr><td>is_forward_declaration</td><td>true</td></tr>"
+            )?;
+        }
+
+        if !self.fields().is_empty() {
+            writeln!(out, r#"<tr><td>fields</td><td><table border="0">"#)?;
+            for field in self.fields() {
+                field.dot_attributes(ctx, out)?;
+            }
+            writeln!(out, "</table></td></tr>")?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IsOpaque for CompInfo {
+    type Extra = Option<Layout>;
+
+    fn is_opaque(&self, ctx: &BindgenContext, layout: &Option<Layout>) -> bool {
+        if self.has_non_type_template_params ||
+            self.has_unevaluable_bit_field_width
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // When we do not have the layout for a bitfield's type (for example, it
+        // is a type parameter), then we can't compute bitfield units. We are
+        // left with no choice but to make the whole struct opaque, or else we
+        // might generate structs with incorrect sizes and alignments.
+        if let CompFields::Error = self.fields {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Bitfields with a width that is larger than their unit's width have
+        // some strange things going on, and the best we can do is make the
+        // whole struct opaque.
+        if self.fields().iter().any(|f| match *f {
+            Field::DataMember(_) => false,
+            Field::Bitfields(ref unit) => unit.bitfields().iter().any(|bf| {
+                let bitfield_layout = ctx
+                    .resolve_type(bf.ty())
+                    .layout(ctx)
+                    .expect("Bitfield without layout? Gah!");
+                bf.width() / 8 > bitfield_layout.size as u32
+            }),
+        }) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if !ctx.options().rust_features().repr_packed_n {
+            // If we don't have `#[repr(packed(N)]`, the best we can
+            // do is make this struct opaque.
+            //
+            // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/issues/537 and
+            // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/33158
+            if self.is_packed(ctx, layout.as_ref()) &&
+                layout.is_some_and(|l| l.align > 1)
+            {
+                warn!("Found a type that is both packed and aligned to greater than \
+                       1; Rust before version 1.33 doesn't have `#[repr(packed(N))]`, so we \
+                       are treating it as opaque. You may wish to set bindgen's rust target \
+                       version to 1.33 or later to enable `#[repr(packed(N))]` support.");
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+impl TemplateParameters for CompInfo {
+    fn self_template_params(&self, _ctx: &BindgenContext) -> Vec<TypeId> {
+        self.template_params.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Trace for CompInfo {
+    type Extra = Item;
+
+    fn trace<T>(&self, context: &BindgenContext, tracer: &mut T, item: &Item)
+    where
+        T: Tracer,
+    {
+        for p in item.all_template_params(context) {
+            tracer.visit_kind(p.into(), EdgeKind::TemplateParameterDefinition);
+        }
+
+        for ty in self.inner_types() {
+            tracer.visit_kind(ty.into(), EdgeKind::InnerType);
+        }
+
+        for &var in self.inner_vars() {
+            tracer.visit_kind(var.into(), EdgeKind::InnerVar);
+        }
+
+        for method in self.methods() {
+            tracer.visit_kind(method.signature.into(), EdgeKind::Method);
+        }
+
+        if let Some((_kind, signature)) = self.destructor() {
+            tracer.visit_kind(signature.into(), EdgeKind::Destructor);
+        }
+
+        for ctor in self.constructors() {
+            tracer.visit_kind(ctor.into(), EdgeKind::Constructor);
+        }
+
+        // Base members and fields are not generated for opaque types (but all
+        // of the above things are) so stop here.
+        if item.is_opaque(context, &()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for base in self.base_members() {
+            tracer.visit_kind(base.ty.into(), EdgeKind::BaseMember);
+        }
+
+        self.fields.trace(context, tracer, &());
+    }
+}