code_ownership 2.0.0.pre.1 → 2.0.0.pre.3

data/ext/cargo-vendor/rayon-1.11.0/src/slice/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1242 @@
+//! Parallel iterator types for [slices]
+//!
+//! You will rarely need to interact with this module directly unless you need
+//! to name one of the iterator types.
+//!
+//! [slices]: std::slice
+
+mod chunk_by;
+mod chunks;
+mod rchunks;
+mod sort;
+
+mod test;
+
+use self::sort::par_mergesort;
+use self::sort::par_quicksort;
+use crate::iter::plumbing::*;
+use crate::iter::*;
+use crate::split_producer::*;
+
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
+
+pub use self::chunk_by::{ChunkBy, ChunkByMut};
+pub use self::chunks::{Chunks, ChunksExact, ChunksExactMut, ChunksMut};
+pub use self::rchunks::{RChunks, RChunksExact, RChunksExactMut, RChunksMut};
+
+/// Parallel extensions for slices.
+pub trait ParallelSlice<T: Sync> {
+    /// Returns a plain slice, which is used to implement the rest of the
+    /// parallel methods.
+    fn as_parallel_slice(&self) -> &[T];
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over subslices separated by elements that
+    /// match the separator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let products: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 4, 8, 0, 3, 6, 9]
+    ///     .par_split(|i| *i == 0)
+    ///     .map(|numbers| numbers.iter().product::<i32>())
+    ///     .collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(products, [6, 64, 162]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_split<P>(&self, separator: P) -> Split<'_, T, P>
+    where
+        P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    {
+        Split {
+            slice: self.as_parallel_slice(),
+            separator,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over subslices separated by elements that
+    /// match the separator, including the matched part as a terminator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let lengths: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 4, 8, 0, 3, 6, 9]
+    ///     .par_split_inclusive(|i| *i == 0)
+    ///     .map(|numbers| numbers.len())
+    ///     .collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(lengths, [4, 4, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_split_inclusive<P>(&self, separator: P) -> SplitInclusive<'_, T, P>
+    where
+        P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    {
+        SplitInclusive {
+            slice: self.as_parallel_slice(),
+            separator,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over all contiguous windows of length
+    /// `window_size`. The windows overlap.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let windows: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3].par_windows(2).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(vec![[1, 2], [2, 3]], windows);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_windows(&self, window_size: usize) -> Windows<'_, T> {
+        Windows {
+            window_size,
+            slice: self.as_parallel_slice(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over at most `chunk_size` elements of
+    /// `self` at a time. The chunks do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If the number of elements in the iterator is not divisible by
+    /// `chunk_size`, the last chunk may be shorter than `chunk_size`.  All
+    /// other chunks will have that exact length.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let chunks: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].par_chunks(2).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks, vec![&[1, 2][..], &[3, 4], &[5]]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_chunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> Chunks<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        Chunks::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over `chunk_size` elements of
+    /// `self` at a time. The chunks do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If `chunk_size` does not divide the length of the slice, then the
+    /// last up to `chunk_size-1` elements will be omitted and can be
+    /// retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let chunks: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].par_chunks_exact(2).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks, vec![&[1, 2][..], &[3, 4]]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_chunks_exact(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksExact<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        ChunksExact::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over at most `chunk_size` elements of `self` at a time,
+    /// starting at the end. The chunks do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If the number of elements in the iterator is not divisible by
+    /// `chunk_size`, the last chunk may be shorter than `chunk_size`.  All
+    /// other chunks will have that exact length.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let chunks: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].par_rchunks(2).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks, vec![&[4, 5][..], &[2, 3], &[1]]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_rchunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunks<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        RChunks::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over `chunk_size` elements of `self` at a time,
+    /// starting at the end. The chunks do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If `chunk_size` does not divide the length of the slice, then the
+    /// last up to `chunk_size-1` elements will be omitted and can be
+    /// retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let chunks: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].par_rchunks_exact(2).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks, vec![&[4, 5][..], &[2, 3]]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_rchunks_exact(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksExact<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        RChunksExact::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over the slice producing non-overlapping runs
+    /// of elements using the predicate to separate them.
+    ///
+    /// The predicate is called on two elements following themselves,
+    /// it means the predicate is called on `slice[0]` and `slice[1]`
+    /// then on `slice[1]` and `slice[2]` and so on.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let chunks: Vec<_> = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3].par_chunk_by(|&x, &y| x == y).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks[0], &[1]);
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks[1], &[2, 2]);
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks[2], &[3, 3, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_chunk_by<F>(&self, pred: F) -> ChunkBy<'_, T, F>
+    where
+        F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        ChunkBy::new(self.as_parallel_slice(), pred)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Sync> ParallelSlice<T> for [T] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_parallel_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel extensions for mutable slices.
+pub trait ParallelSliceMut<T: Send> {
+    /// Returns a plain mutable slice, which is used to implement the rest of
+    /// the parallel methods.
+    fn as_parallel_slice_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T];
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over mutable subslices separated by
+    /// elements that match the separator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut array = [1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 4, 8, 0, 3, 6, 9];
+    /// array.par_split_mut(|i| *i == 0)
+    ///      .for_each(|slice| slice.reverse());
+    /// assert_eq!(array, [3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 4, 2, 0, 9, 6, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_split_mut<P>(&mut self, separator: P) -> SplitMut<'_, T, P>
+    where
+        P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    {
+        SplitMut {
+            slice: self.as_parallel_slice_mut(),
+            separator,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements
+    /// that match the separator, including the matched part as a terminator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut array = [1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 4, 8, 0, 3, 6, 9];
+    /// array.par_split_inclusive_mut(|i| *i == 0)
+    ///      .for_each(|slice| slice.reverse());
+    /// assert_eq!(array, [0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 4, 2, 9, 6, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_split_inclusive_mut<P>(&mut self, separator: P) -> SplitInclusiveMut<'_, T, P>
+    where
+        P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    {
+        SplitInclusiveMut {
+            slice: self.as_parallel_slice_mut(),
+            separator,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over at most `chunk_size` elements of
+    /// `self` at a time. The chunks are mutable and do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If the number of elements in the iterator is not divisible by
+    /// `chunk_size`, the last chunk may be shorter than `chunk_size`.  All
+    /// other chunks will have that exact length.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    /// array.par_chunks_mut(2)
+    ///      .for_each(|slice| slice.reverse());
+    /// assert_eq!(array, [2, 1, 4, 3, 5]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_chunks_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksMut<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        ChunksMut::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over `chunk_size` elements of
+    /// `self` at a time. The chunks are mutable and do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If `chunk_size` does not divide the length of the slice, then the
+    /// last up to `chunk_size-1` elements will be omitted and can be
+    /// retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    /// array.par_chunks_exact_mut(3)
+    ///      .for_each(|slice| slice.reverse());
+    /// assert_eq!(array, [3, 2, 1, 4, 5]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_chunks_exact_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksExactMut<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        ChunksExactMut::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over at most `chunk_size` elements of `self` at a time,
+    /// starting at the end. The chunks are mutable and do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If the number of elements in the iterator is not divisible by
+    /// `chunk_size`, the last chunk may be shorter than `chunk_size`.  All
+    /// other chunks will have that exact length.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    /// array.par_rchunks_mut(2)
+    ///      .for_each(|slice| slice.reverse());
+    /// assert_eq!(array, [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_rchunks_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksMut<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        RChunksMut::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over `chunk_size` elements of `self` at a time,
+    /// starting at the end. The chunks are mutable and do not overlap.
+    ///
+    /// If `chunk_size` does not divide the length of the slice, then the
+    /// last up to `chunk_size-1` elements will be omitted and can be
+    /// retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    /// array.par_rchunks_exact_mut(3)
+    ///      .for_each(|slice| slice.reverse());
+    /// assert_eq!(array, [1, 2, 5, 4, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn par_rchunks_exact_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksExactMut<'_, T> {
+        assert!(chunk_size != 0, "chunk_size must not be zero");
+        RChunksExactMut::new(chunk_size, self.as_parallel_slice_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and *O*(*n* \* log(*n*)) worst-case.
+    ///
+    /// When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable
+    /// sorting and it doesn't allocate auxiliary memory.
+    /// See [`par_sort_unstable`](#method.par_sort_unstable).
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is an adaptive merge sort inspired by
+    /// [timsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort).
+    /// It is designed to be very fast in cases where the slice is nearly sorted, or consists of
+    /// two or more sorted sequences concatenated one after another.
+    ///
+    /// Also, it allocates temporary storage the same size as `self`, but for very short slices a
+    /// non-allocating insertion sort is used instead.
+    ///
+    /// In order to sort the slice in parallel, the slice is first divided into smaller chunks and
+    /// all chunks are sorted in parallel. Then, adjacent chunks that together form non-descending
+    /// or descending runs are concatenated. Finally, the remaining chunks are merged together using
+    /// parallel subdivision of chunks and parallel merge operation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [-5, 4, 1, -3, 2];
+    ///
+    /// v.par_sort();
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort(&mut self)
+    where
+        T: Ord,
+    {
+        par_mergesort(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), T::lt);
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel with a comparator function.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and *O*(*n* \* log(*n*)) worst-case.
+    ///
+    /// The comparator function must define a total ordering for the elements in the slice. If
+    /// the ordering is not total, the order of the elements is unspecified. An order is a
+    /// total order if it is (for all `a`, `b` and `c`):
+    ///
+    /// * total and antisymmetric: exactly one of `a < b`, `a == b` or `a > b` is true, and
+    /// * transitive, `a < b` and `b < c` implies `a < c`. The same must hold for both `==` and `>`.
+    ///
+    /// For example, while [`f64`] doesn't implement [`Ord`] because `NaN != NaN`, we can use
+    /// `partial_cmp` as our sort function when we know the slice doesn't contain a `NaN`.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut floats = [5f64, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0];
+    /// floats.par_sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
+    /// assert_eq!(floats, [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable
+    /// sorting and it doesn't allocate auxiliary memory.
+    /// See [`par_sort_unstable_by`](#method.par_sort_unstable_by).
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is an adaptive merge sort inspired by
+    /// [timsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort).
+    /// It is designed to be very fast in cases where the slice is nearly sorted, or consists of
+    /// two or more sorted sequences concatenated one after another.
+    ///
+    /// Also, it allocates temporary storage the same size as `self`, but for very short slices a
+    /// non-allocating insertion sort is used instead.
+    ///
+    /// In order to sort the slice in parallel, the slice is first divided into smaller chunks and
+    /// all chunks are sorted in parallel. Then, adjacent chunks that together form non-descending
+    /// or descending runs are concatenated. Finally, the remaining chunks are merged together using
+    /// parallel subdivision of chunks and parallel merge operation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [5, 4, 1, 3, 2];
+    /// v.par_sort_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b));
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    ///
+    /// // reverse sorting
+    /// v.par_sort_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort_by<F>(&mut self, compare: F)
+    where
+        F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering + Sync,
+    {
+        par_mergesort(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), |a, b| {
+            compare(a, b) == Ordering::Less
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel with a key extraction function.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and *O*(*m* \* *n* \* log(*n*))
+    /// worst-case, where the key function is *O*(*m*).
+    ///
+    /// For expensive key functions (e.g. functions that are not simple property accesses or
+    /// basic operations), [`par_sort_by_cached_key`](#method.par_sort_by_cached_key) is likely to
+    /// be significantly faster, as it does not recompute element keys.
+    ///
+    /// When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable
+    /// sorting and it doesn't allocate auxiliary memory.
+    /// See [`par_sort_unstable_by_key`](#method.par_sort_unstable_by_key).
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is an adaptive merge sort inspired by
+    /// [timsort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort).
+    /// It is designed to be very fast in cases where the slice is nearly sorted, or consists of
+    /// two or more sorted sequences concatenated one after another.
+    ///
+    /// Also, it allocates temporary storage the same size as `self`, but for very short slices a
+    /// non-allocating insertion sort is used instead.
+    ///
+    /// In order to sort the slice in parallel, the slice is first divided into smaller chunks and
+    /// all chunks are sorted in parallel. Then, adjacent chunks that together form non-descending
+    /// or descending runs are concatenated. Finally, the remaining chunks are merged together using
+    /// parallel subdivision of chunks and parallel merge operation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];
+    ///
+    /// v.par_sort_by_key(|k| k.abs());
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F)
+    where
+        K: Ord,
+        F: Fn(&T) -> K + Sync,
+    {
+        par_mergesort(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), |a, b| f(a).lt(&f(b)));
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel with a key extraction function.
+    ///
+    /// During sorting, the key function is called at most once per element, by using
+    /// temporary storage to remember the results of key evaluation.
+    /// The key function is called in parallel, so the order of calls is completely unspecified.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and *O*(*m* \* *n* + *n* \* log(*n*))
+    /// worst-case, where the key function is *O*(*m*).
+    ///
+    /// For simple key functions (e.g., functions that are property accesses or
+    /// basic operations), [`par_sort_by_key`](#method.par_sort_by_key) is likely to be
+    /// faster.
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is based on [pattern-defeating quicksort][pdqsort] by Orson Peters,
+    /// which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of
+    /// heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some
+    /// randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide
+    /// deterministic behavior.
+    ///
+    /// In the worst case, the algorithm allocates temporary storage in a `Vec<(K, usize)>` the
+    /// length of the slice.
+    ///
+    /// All quicksorts work in two stages: partitioning into two halves followed by recursive
+    /// calls. The partitioning phase is sequential, but the two recursive calls are performed in
+    /// parallel. Finally, after sorting the cached keys, the item positions are updated sequentially.
+    ///
+    /// [pdqsort]: https://github.com/orlp/pdqsort
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 32, -3, 2];
+    ///
+    /// v.par_sort_by_cached_key(|k| k.to_string());
+    /// assert!(v == [-3, -5, 2, 32, 4]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort_by_cached_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F)
+    where
+        F: Fn(&T) -> K + Sync,
+        K: Ord + Send,
+    {
+        let slice = self.as_parallel_slice_mut();
+        let len = slice.len();
+        if len < 2 {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Helper macro for indexing our vector by the smallest possible type, to reduce allocation.
+        macro_rules! sort_by_key {
+            ($t:ty) => {{
+                let mut indices: Vec<_> = slice
+                    .par_iter_mut()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(i, x)| (f(&*x), i as $t))
+                    .collect();
+                // The elements of `indices` are unique, as they are indexed, so any sort will be
+                // stable with respect to the original slice. We use `sort_unstable` here because
+                // it requires less memory allocation.
+                indices.par_sort_unstable();
+                for i in 0..len {
+                    let mut index = indices[i].1;
+                    while (index as usize) < i {
+                        index = indices[index as usize].1;
+                    }
+                    indices[i].1 = index;
+                    slice.swap(i, index as usize);
+                }
+            }};
+        }
+
+        let sz_u8 = size_of::<(K, u8)>();
+        let sz_u16 = size_of::<(K, u16)>();
+        let sz_u32 = size_of::<(K, u32)>();
+        let sz_usize = size_of::<(K, usize)>();
+
+        if sz_u8 < sz_u16 && len <= (u8::MAX as usize) {
+            return sort_by_key!(u8);
+        }
+        if sz_u16 < sz_u32 && len <= (u16::MAX as usize) {
+            return sort_by_key!(u16);
+        }
+        if sz_u32 < sz_usize && len <= (u32::MAX as usize) {
+            return sort_by_key!(u32);
+        }
+        sort_by_key!(usize)
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel, but might not preserve the order of equal elements.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place
+    /// (i.e., does not allocate), and *O*(*n* \* log(*n*)) worst-case.
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is based on [pattern-defeating quicksort][pdqsort] by Orson Peters,
+    /// which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of
+    /// heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some
+    /// randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide
+    /// deterministic behavior.
+    ///
+    /// It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the
+    /// slice consists of several concatenated sorted sequences.
+    ///
+    /// All quicksorts work in two stages: partitioning into two halves followed by recursive
+    /// calls. The partitioning phase is sequential, but the two recursive calls are performed in
+    /// parallel.
+    ///
+    /// [pdqsort]: https://github.com/orlp/pdqsort
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [-5, 4, 1, -3, 2];
+    ///
+    /// v.par_sort_unstable();
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort_unstable(&mut self)
+    where
+        T: Ord,
+    {
+        par_quicksort(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), T::lt);
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel with a comparator function, but might not preserve the order of
+    /// equal elements.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place
+    /// (i.e., does not allocate), and *O*(*n* \* log(*n*)) worst-case.
+    ///
+    /// The comparator function must define a total ordering for the elements in the slice. If
+    /// the ordering is not total, the order of the elements is unspecified. An order is a
+    /// total order if it is (for all `a`, `b` and `c`):
+    ///
+    /// * total and antisymmetric: exactly one of `a < b`, `a == b` or `a > b` is true, and
+    /// * transitive, `a < b` and `b < c` implies `a < c`. The same must hold for both `==` and `>`.
+    ///
+    /// For example, while [`f64`] doesn't implement [`Ord`] because `NaN != NaN`, we can use
+    /// `partial_cmp` as our sort function when we know the slice doesn't contain a `NaN`.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut floats = [5f64, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0];
+    /// floats.par_sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
+    /// assert_eq!(floats, [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is based on [pattern-defeating quicksort][pdqsort] by Orson Peters,
+    /// which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of
+    /// heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some
+    /// randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide
+    /// deterministic behavior.
+    ///
+    /// It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the
+    /// slice consists of several concatenated sorted sequences.
+    ///
+    /// All quicksorts work in two stages: partitioning into two halves followed by recursive
+    /// calls. The partitioning phase is sequential, but the two recursive calls are performed in
+    /// parallel.
+    ///
+    /// [pdqsort]: https://github.com/orlp/pdqsort
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [5, 4, 1, 3, 2];
+    /// v.par_sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b));
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    ///
+    /// // reverse sorting
+    /// v.par_sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort_unstable_by<F>(&mut self, compare: F)
+    where
+        F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering + Sync,
+    {
+        par_quicksort(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), |a, b| {
+            compare(a, b) == Ordering::Less
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Sorts the slice in parallel with a key extraction function, but might not preserve the order
+    /// of equal elements.
+    ///
+    /// This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place
+    /// (i.e., does not allocate), and *O*(m \* *n* \* log(*n*)) worst-case,
+    /// where the key function is *O*(*m*).
+    ///
+    /// # Current implementation
+    ///
+    /// The current algorithm is based on [pattern-defeating quicksort][pdqsort] by Orson Peters,
+    /// which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of
+    /// heapsort, while achieving linear time on slices with certain patterns. It uses some
+    /// randomization to avoid degenerate cases, but with a fixed seed to always provide
+    /// deterministic behavior.
+    ///
+    /// Due to its key calling strategy, `par_sort_unstable_by_key` is likely to be slower than
+    /// [`par_sort_by_cached_key`](#method.par_sort_by_cached_key) in cases where the key function
+    /// is expensive.
+    ///
+    /// All quicksorts work in two stages: partitioning into two halves followed by recursive
+    /// calls. The partitioning phase is sequential, but the two recursive calls are performed in
+    /// parallel.
+    ///
+    /// [pdqsort]: https://github.com/orlp/pdqsort
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    ///
+    /// let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];
+    ///
+    /// v.par_sort_unstable_by_key(|k| k.abs());
+    /// assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_sort_unstable_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F)
+    where
+        K: Ord,
+        F: Fn(&T) -> K + Sync,
+    {
+        par_quicksort(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), |a, b| f(a).lt(&f(b)));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a parallel iterator over the slice producing non-overlapping mutable
+    /// runs of elements using the predicate to separate them.
+    ///
+    /// The predicate is called on two elements following themselves,
+    /// it means the predicate is called on `slice[0]` and `slice[1]`
+    /// then on `slice[1]` and `slice[2]` and so on.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use rayon::prelude::*;
+    /// let mut xs = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3];
+    /// let chunks: Vec<_> = xs.par_chunk_by_mut(|&x, &y| x == y).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks[0], &mut [1]);
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks[1], &mut [2, 2]);
+    /// assert_eq!(chunks[2], &mut [3, 3, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    fn par_chunk_by_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> ChunkByMut<'_, T, F>
+    where
+        F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        ChunkByMut::new(self.as_parallel_slice_mut(), pred)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Send> ParallelSliceMut<T> for [T] {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_parallel_slice_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Sync> IntoParallelIterator for &'data [T] {
+    type Item = &'data T;
+    type Iter = Iter<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_par_iter(self) -> Self::Iter {
+        Iter { slice: self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Sync> IntoParallelIterator for &'data Box<[T]> {
+    type Item = &'data T;
+    type Iter = Iter<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_par_iter(self) -> Self::Iter {
+        Iter { slice: self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Send> IntoParallelIterator for &'data mut [T] {
+    type Item = &'data mut T;
+    type Iter = IterMut<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_par_iter(self) -> Self::Iter {
+        IterMut { slice: self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Send> IntoParallelIterator for &'data mut Box<[T]> {
+    type Item = &'data mut T;
+    type Iter = IterMut<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_par_iter(self) -> Self::Iter {
+        IterMut { slice: self }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over immutable items in a slice
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Iter<'data, T> {
+    slice: &'data [T],
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for Iter<'_, T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Iter { ..*self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Sync> ParallelIterator for Iter<'data, T> {
+    type Item = &'data T;
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        bridge(self, consumer)
+    }
+
+    fn opt_len(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        Some(self.len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Sync> IndexedParallelIterator for Iter<'_, T> {
+    fn drive<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: Consumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        bridge(self, consumer)
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.slice.len()
+    }
+
+    fn with_producer<CB>(self, callback: CB) -> CB::Output
+    where
+        CB: ProducerCallback<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        callback.callback(IterProducer { slice: self.slice })
+    }
+}
+
+struct IterProducer<'data, T: Sync> {
+    slice: &'data [T],
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: 'data + Sync> Producer for IterProducer<'data, T> {
+    type Item = &'data T;
+    type IntoIter = ::std::slice::Iter<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        self.slice.iter()
+    }
+
+    fn split_at(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
+        let (left, right) = self.slice.split_at(index);
+        (IterProducer { slice: left }, IterProducer { slice: right })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over immutable overlapping windows of a slice
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Windows<'data, T> {
+    window_size: usize,
+    slice: &'data [T],
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for Windows<'_, T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Windows { ..*self }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Sync> ParallelIterator for Windows<'data, T> {
+    type Item = &'data [T];
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        bridge(self, consumer)
+    }
+
+    fn opt_len(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        Some(self.len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Sync> IndexedParallelIterator for Windows<'_, T> {
+    fn drive<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: Consumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        bridge(self, consumer)
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        assert!(self.window_size >= 1);
+        self.slice.len().saturating_sub(self.window_size - 1)
+    }
+
+    fn with_producer<CB>(self, callback: CB) -> CB::Output
+    where
+        CB: ProducerCallback<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        callback.callback(WindowsProducer {
+            window_size: self.window_size,
+            slice: self.slice,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+struct WindowsProducer<'data, T: Sync> {
+    window_size: usize,
+    slice: &'data [T],
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: 'data + Sync> Producer for WindowsProducer<'data, T> {
+    type Item = &'data [T];
+    type IntoIter = ::std::slice::Windows<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        self.slice.windows(self.window_size)
+    }
+
+    fn split_at(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
+        let left_index = Ord::min(self.slice.len(), index + (self.window_size - 1));
+        let left = &self.slice[..left_index];
+        let right = &self.slice[index..];
+        (
+            WindowsProducer {
+                window_size: self.window_size,
+                slice: left,
+            },
+            WindowsProducer {
+                window_size: self.window_size,
+                slice: right,
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over mutable items in a slice
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct IterMut<'data, T> {
+    slice: &'data mut [T],
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: Send> ParallelIterator for IterMut<'data, T> {
+    type Item = &'data mut T;
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        bridge(self, consumer)
+    }
+
+    fn opt_len(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        Some(self.len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Send> IndexedParallelIterator for IterMut<'_, T> {
+    fn drive<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: Consumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        bridge(self, consumer)
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.slice.len()
+    }
+
+    fn with_producer<CB>(self, callback: CB) -> CB::Output
+    where
+        CB: ProducerCallback<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        callback.callback(IterMutProducer { slice: self.slice })
+    }
+}
+
+struct IterMutProducer<'data, T: Send> {
+    slice: &'data mut [T],
+}
+
+impl<'data, T: 'data + Send> Producer for IterMutProducer<'data, T> {
+    type Item = &'data mut T;
+    type IntoIter = ::std::slice::IterMut<'data, T>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        self.slice.iter_mut()
+    }
+
+    fn split_at(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
+        let (left, right) = self.slice.split_at_mut(index);
+        (
+            IterMutProducer { slice: left },
+            IterMutProducer { slice: right },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over slices separated by a predicate
+pub struct Split<'data, T, P> {
+    slice: &'data [T],
+    separator: P,
+}
+
+impl<T, P: Clone> Clone for Split<'_, T, P> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Split {
+            separator: self.separator.clone(),
+            ..*self
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Debug, P> Debug for Split<'_, T, P> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Split").field("slice", &self.slice).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T, P> ParallelIterator for Split<'data, T, P>
+where
+    P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    T: Sync,
+{
+    type Item = &'data [T];
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        let producer = SplitProducer::new(self.slice, &self.separator);
+        bridge_unindexed(producer, consumer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over slices separated by a predicate,
+/// including the matched part as a terminator.
+pub struct SplitInclusive<'data, T, P> {
+    slice: &'data [T],
+    separator: P,
+}
+
+impl<T, P: Clone> Clone for SplitInclusive<'_, T, P> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        SplitInclusive {
+            separator: self.separator.clone(),
+            ..*self
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Debug, P> Debug for SplitInclusive<'_, T, P> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("SplitInclusive")
+            .field("slice", &self.slice)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T, P> ParallelIterator for SplitInclusive<'data, T, P>
+where
+    P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    T: Sync,
+{
+    type Item = &'data [T];
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        let producer = SplitInclusiveProducer::new_incl(self.slice, &self.separator);
+        bridge_unindexed(producer, consumer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implement support for `SplitProducer`.
+impl<T, P> Fissile<P> for &[T]
+where
+    P: Fn(&T) -> bool,
+{
+    fn length(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn midpoint(&self, end: usize) -> usize {
+        end / 2
+    }
+
+    fn find(&self, separator: &P, start: usize, end: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        self[start..end].iter().position(separator)
+    }
+
+    fn rfind(&self, separator: &P, end: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        self[..end].iter().rposition(separator)
+    }
+
+    fn split_once<const INCL: bool>(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
+        if INCL {
+            // include the separator in the left side
+            self.split_at(index + 1)
+        } else {
+            let (left, right) = self.split_at(index);
+            (left, &right[1..]) // skip the separator
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fold_splits<F, const INCL: bool>(self, separator: &P, folder: F, skip_last: bool) -> F
+    where
+        F: Folder<Self>,
+        Self: Send,
+    {
+        if INCL {
+            debug_assert!(!skip_last);
+            folder.consume_iter(self.split_inclusive(separator))
+        } else {
+            let mut split = self.split(separator);
+            if skip_last {
+                split.next_back();
+            }
+            folder.consume_iter(split)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over mutable slices separated by a predicate
+pub struct SplitMut<'data, T, P> {
+    slice: &'data mut [T],
+    separator: P,
+}
+
+impl<T: Debug, P> Debug for SplitMut<'_, T, P> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("SplitMut")
+            .field("slice", &self.slice)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T, P> ParallelIterator for SplitMut<'data, T, P>
+where
+    P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    T: Send,
+{
+    type Item = &'data mut [T];
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        let producer = SplitProducer::new(self.slice, &self.separator);
+        bridge_unindexed(producer, consumer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parallel iterator over mutable slices separated by a predicate,
+/// including the matched part as a terminator.
+pub struct SplitInclusiveMut<'data, T, P> {
+    slice: &'data mut [T],
+    separator: P,
+}
+
+impl<T: Debug, P> Debug for SplitInclusiveMut<'_, T, P> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("SplitInclusiveMut")
+            .field("slice", &self.slice)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'data, T, P> ParallelIterator for SplitInclusiveMut<'data, T, P>
+where
+    P: Fn(&T) -> bool + Sync + Send,
+    T: Send,
+{
+    type Item = &'data mut [T];
+
+    fn drive_unindexed<C>(self, consumer: C) -> C::Result
+    where
+        C: UnindexedConsumer<Self::Item>,
+    {
+        let producer = SplitInclusiveProducer::new_incl(self.slice, &self.separator);
+        bridge_unindexed(producer, consumer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implement support for `SplitProducer`.
+impl<T, P> Fissile<P> for &mut [T]
+where
+    P: Fn(&T) -> bool,
+{
+    fn length(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+
+    fn midpoint(&self, end: usize) -> usize {
+        end / 2
+    }
+
+    fn find(&self, separator: &P, start: usize, end: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        self[start..end].iter().position(separator)
+    }
+
+    fn rfind(&self, separator: &P, end: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        self[..end].iter().rposition(separator)
+    }
+
+    fn split_once<const INCL: bool>(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
+        if INCL {
+            // include the separator in the left side
+            self.split_at_mut(index + 1)
+        } else {
+            let (left, right) = self.split_at_mut(index);
+            (left, &mut right[1..]) // skip the separator
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fold_splits<F, const INCL: bool>(self, separator: &P, folder: F, skip_last: bool) -> F
+    where
+        F: Folder<Self>,
+        Self: Send,
+    {
+        if INCL {
+            debug_assert!(!skip_last);
+            folder.consume_iter(self.split_inclusive_mut(separator))
+        } else {
+            let mut split = self.split_mut(separator);
+            if skip_last {
+                split.next_back();
+            }
+            folder.consume_iter(split)
+        }
+    }
+}