chef 12.7.2 → 12.8.1

data/lib/chef/property.rb

@@ -1,673 +1,673 @@
-#
-# Author:: John Keiser <jkeiser@chef.io>
-# Copyright:: Copyright 2015-2016, John Keiser.
-# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-require "chef/exceptions"
-require "chef/delayed_evaluator"
-require "chef/chef_class"
-require "chef/log"
-
-class Chef
-  #
-  # Type and validation information for a property on a resource.
-  #
-  # A property named "x" manipulates the "@x" instance variable on a
-  # resource.  The *presence* of the variable (`instance_variable_defined?(@x)`)
-  # tells whether the variable is defined; it may have any actual value,
-  # constrained only by validation.
-  #
-  # Properties may have validation, defaults, and coercion, and have full
-  # support for lazy values.
-  #
-  # @see Chef::Resource.property
-  # @see Chef::DelayedEvaluator
-  #
-  class Property
-    #
-    # Create a reusable property type that can be used in multiple properties
-    # in different resources.
-    #
-    # @param options [Hash<Symbol,Object>] Validation options. See Chef::Resource.property for
-    #   the list of options.
-    #
-    # @example
-    #   Property.derive(default: 'hi')
-    #
-    def self.derive(**options)
-      new(**options)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Create a new property.
-    #
-    # @param options [Hash<Symbol,Object>] Property options, including
-    #   control options here, as well as validation options (see
-    #   Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate#validate for a description of validation
-    #   options).
-    #   @option options [Symbol] :name The name of this property.
-    #   @option options [Class] :declared_in The class this property comes from.
-    #   @option options [Symbol] :instance_variable_name The instance variable
-    #     tied to this property. Must include a leading `@`. Defaults to `@<name>`.
-    #     `nil` means the property is opaque and not tied to a specific instance
-    #     variable.
-    #   @option options [Boolean] :desired_state `true` if this property is part of desired
-    #     state. Defaults to `true`.
-    #   @option options [Boolean] :identity `true` if this property is part of object
-    #     identity. Defaults to `false`.
-    #   @option options [Boolean] :name_property `true` if this
-    #     property defaults to the same value as `name`. Equivalent to
-    #     `default: lazy { name }`, except that #property_is_set? will
-    #     return `true` if the property is set *or* if `name` is set.
-    #   @option options [Object] :default The value this property
-    #     will return if the user does not set one. If this is `lazy`, it will
-    #     be run in the context of the instance (and able to access other
-    #     properties) and cached. If not, the value will be frozen with Object#freeze
-    #     to prevent users from modifying it in an instance.
-    #   @option options [Proc] :coerce A proc which will be called to
-    #     transform the user input to canonical form. The value is passed in,
-    #     and the transformed value returned as output. Lazy values will *not*
-    #     be passed to this method until after they are evaluated. Called in the
-    #     context of the resource (meaning you can access other properties).
-    #   @option options [Boolean] :required `true` if this property
-    #     must be present; `false` otherwise. This is checked after the resource
-    #     is fully initialized.
-    #
-    def initialize(**options)
-      options.each { |k, v| options[k.to_sym] = v; options.delete(k) if k.is_a?(String) }
-      @options = options
-      options[:name] = options[:name].to_sym if options[:name]
-      options[:instance_variable_name] = options[:instance_variable_name].to_sym if options[:instance_variable_name]
-
-      # Replace name_attribute with name_property
-      if options.has_key?(:name_attribute)
-        # If we have both name_attribute and name_property and they differ, raise an error
-        if options.has_key?(:name_property)
-          raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify both name_property and name_attribute together on property #{self}."
-        end
-        # replace name_property with name_attribute in place
-        options = Hash[options.map { |k, v| k == :name_attribute ? [ :name_property, v ] : [ k, v ] }]
-        @options = options
-      end
-
-      # Only pick the first of :default, :name_property and :name_attribute if
-      # more than one is specified.
-      if options.has_key?(:default) && options[:name_property]
-        if options[:default].nil? || options.keys.index(:name_property) < options.keys.index(:default)
-          options.delete(:default)
-          preferred_default = :name_property
-        else
-          options.delete(:name_property)
-          preferred_default = :default
-        end
-        Chef.log_deprecation("Cannot specify both default and name_property together on property #{self}. Only one (#{preferred_default}) will be obeyed. In Chef 13, this will become an error. Please remove one or the other from the property.")
-      end
-
-      # Validate the default early, so the user gets a good error message, and
-      # cache it so we don't do it again if so
-      begin
-        # If we can validate it all the way to output, do it.
-        @stored_default = input_to_stored_value(nil, default, is_default: true)
-      rescue Chef::Exceptions::CannotValidateStaticallyError
-        # If the validation is not static (i.e. has procs), we will have to
-        # coerce and validate the default each time we run
-      end
-    end
-
-    def to_s
-      "#{name || "<property type>"}#{declared_in ? " of resource #{declared_in.resource_name}" : ""}"
-    end
-
-    #
-    # The name of this property.
-    #
-    # @return [String]
-    #
-    def name
-      options[:name]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # The class this property was defined in.
-    #
-    # @return [Class]
-    #
-    def declared_in
-      options[:declared_in]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # The instance variable associated with this property.
-    #
-    # Defaults to `@<name>`
-    #
-    # @return [Symbol]
-    #
-    def instance_variable_name
-      if options.has_key?(:instance_variable_name)
-        options[:instance_variable_name]
-      elsif name
-        :"@#{name}"
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # The raw default value for this resource.
-    #
-    # Does not coerce or validate the default. Does not evaluate lazy values.
-    #
-    # Defaults to `lazy { name }` if name_property is true; otherwise defaults to
-    # `nil`
-    #
-    def default
-      return options[:default] if options.has_key?(:default)
-      return Chef::DelayedEvaluator.new { name } if name_property?
-      nil
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Whether this is part of the resource's natural identity or not.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    #
-    def identity?
-      options[:identity]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Whether this is part of desired state or not.
-    #
-    # Defaults to true.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    #
-    def desired_state?
-      return true if !options.has_key?(:desired_state)
-      options[:desired_state]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Whether this is name_property or not.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    #
-    def name_property?
-      options[:name_property]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Whether this property has a default value.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    #
-    def has_default?
-      options.has_key?(:default) || name_property?
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Whether this property is required or not.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    #
-    def required?
-      options[:required]
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Validation options.  (See Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate#validate.)
-    #
-    # @return [Hash<Symbol,Object>]
-    #
-    def validation_options
-      @validation_options ||= options.reject { |k, v|
-        [:declared_in, :name, :instance_variable_name, :desired_state, :identity, :default, :name_property, :coerce, :required].include?(k)
-      }
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Handle the property being called.
-    #
-    # The base implementation does the property get-or-set:
-    #
-    # ```ruby
-    # resource.myprop # get
-    # resource.myprop value # set
-    # ```
-    #
-    # Subclasses may implement this with any arguments they want, as long as
-    # the corresponding DSL calls it correctly.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
-    # @param value The value to set (or NOT_PASSED if it is a get).
-    #
-    # @return The current value of the property. If it is a `set`, lazy values
-    #   will be returned without running, validating or coercing. If it is a
-    #   `get`, the non-lazy, coerced, validated value will always be returned.
-    #
-    def call(resource, value = NOT_PASSED)
-      if value == NOT_PASSED
-        return get(resource)
-      end
-
-      if value.nil?
-        # In Chef 12, value(nil) does a *get* instead of a set, so we
-        # warn if the value would have been changed. In Chef 13, it will be
-        # equivalent to value = nil.
-        result = get(resource)
-
-        # Warn about this becoming a set in Chef 13.
-        begin
-          input_to_stored_value(resource, value)
-          # If nil is valid, and it would change the value, warn that this will change to a set.
-          if !result.nil?
-            Chef.log_deprecation("An attempt was made to change #{name} from #{result.inspect} to nil by calling #{name}(nil). In Chef 12, this does a get rather than a set. In Chef 13, this will change to set the value to nil.")
-          end
-        rescue Chef::Exceptions::DeprecatedFeatureError
-          raise
-        rescue
-          # If nil is invalid, warn that this will become an error.
-          Chef.log_deprecation("nil is an invalid value for #{self}. In Chef 13, this warning will change to an error. Error: #{$!}")
-        end
-
-        result
-      else
-        # Anything else, such as myprop(value) is a set
-        set(resource, value)
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Get the property value from the resource, handling lazy values,
-    # defaults, and validation.
-    #
-    # - If the property's value is lazy, it is evaluated, coerced and validated.
-    # - If the property has no value, and is required, raises ValidationFailed.
-    # - If the property has no value, but has a lazy default, it is evaluated,
-    #   coerced and validated. If the evaluated value is frozen, the resulting
-    # - If the property has no value, but has a default, the default value
-    #   will be returned and frozen. If the default value is lazy, it will be
-    #   evaluated, coerced and validated, and the result stored in the property.
-    # - If the property has no value, but is name_property, `resource.name`
-    #   is retrieved, coerced, validated and stored in the property.
-    # - Otherwise, `nil` is returned.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
-    #
-    # @return The value of the property.
-    #
-    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
-    #   this property, or if the value is required and not set.
-    #
-    def get(resource)
-      # If it's set, return it (and evaluate any lazy values)
-      if is_set?(resource)
-        value = get_value(resource)
-        value = stored_value_to_output(resource, value)
-
-      else
-        # We are getting the default value.
-
-        # If the user does something like this:
-        #
-        # ```
-        # class MyResource < Chef::Resource
-        #   property :content
-        #   action :create do
-        #     file '/x.txt' do
-        #       content content
-        #     end
-        #   end
-        # end
-        # ```
-        #
-        # It won't do what they expect. This checks whether you try to *read*
-        # `content` while we are compiling the resource.
-        if resource.respond_to?(:resource_initializing) &&
-           resource.resource_initializing &&
-           resource.respond_to?(:enclosing_provider) &&
-           resource.enclosing_provider &&
-           resource.enclosing_provider.new_resource &&
-           resource.enclosing_provider.new_resource.respond_to?(name)
-          Chef::Log.warn("#{Chef::Log.caller_location}: property #{name} is declared in both #{resource} and #{resource.enclosing_provider}. Use new_resource.#{name} instead. At #{Chef::Log.caller_location}")
-        end
-
-        if has_default?
-          # If we were able to cache the stored_default, grab it.
-          if defined?(@stored_default)
-            value = @stored_default
-          else
-            # Otherwise, we have to validate it now.
-            value = input_to_stored_value(resource, default, is_default: true)
-          end
-          value = stored_value_to_output(resource, value, is_default: true)
-
-          # If the value is mutable (non-frozen), we set it on the instance
-          # so that people can mutate it.  (All constant default values are
-          # frozen.)
-          if !value.frozen? && !value.nil?
-            set_value(resource, value)
-          end
-
-          value
-
-        elsif required?
-          raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed, "#{name} is required"
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Set the value of this property in the given resource.
-    #
-    # Non-lazy values are coerced and validated before being set. Coercion
-    # and validation of lazy values is delayed until they are first retrieved.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to set this property in.
-    # @param value The value to set.
-    #
-    # @return The value that was set, after coercion (if lazy, still returns
-    #   the lazy value)
-    #
-    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
-    #   this property.
-    #
-    def set(resource, value)
-      set_value(resource, input_to_stored_value(resource, value))
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Find out whether this property has been set.
-    #
-    # This will be true if:
-    # - The user explicitly set the value
-    # - The property has a default, and the value was retrieved.
-    #
-    # From this point of view, it is worth looking at this as "what does the
-    # user think this value should be." In order words, if the user grabbed
-    # the value, even if it was a default, they probably based calculations on
-    # it. If they based calculations on it and the value changes, the rest of
-    # the world gets inconsistent.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean]
-    #
-    def is_set?(resource)
-      value_is_set?(resource)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Reset the value of this property so that is_set? will return false and the
-    # default will be returned in the future.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
-    #
-    def reset(resource)
-      reset_value(resource)
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Coerce an input value into canonical form for the property.
-    #
-    # After coercion, the value is suitable for storage in the resource.
-    # You must validate values after coercion, however.
-    #
-    # Does no special handling for lazy values.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource we're coercing against
-    #   (to provide context for the coerce).
-    # @param value The value to coerce.
-    #
-    # @return The coerced value.
-    #
-    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
-    #   this property.
-    #
-    def coerce(resource, value)
-      if options.has_key?(:coerce)
-        # If we have no default value, `nil` is never coerced or validated
-        unless !has_default? && value.nil?
-          value = exec_in_resource(resource, options[:coerce], value)
-        end
-      end
-      value
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Validate a value.
-    #
-    # Calls Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate#validate with #validation_options as
-    # options.
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource we're validating against
-    #   (to provide context for the validate).
-    # @param value The value to validate.
-    #
-    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
-    #   this property.
-    #
-    def validate(resource, value)
-      # If we have no default value, `nil` is never coerced or validated
-      unless value.nil? && !has_default?
-        if resource
-          resource.validate({ name => value }, { name => validation_options })
-        else
-          name = self.name || :property_type
-          Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate.validate({ name => value }, { name => validation_options })
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Derive a new Property that is just like this one, except with some added or
-    # changed options.
-    #
-    # @param options [Hash<Symbol,Object>] List of options that would be passed
-    #   to #initialize.
-    #
-    # @return [Property] The new property type.
-    #
-    def derive(**modified_options)
-      # Since name_property, name_attribute and default override each other,
-      # if you specify one of them in modified_options it overrides anything in
-      # the original options.
-      options = self.options
-      if modified_options.has_key?(:name_property) ||
-         modified_options.has_key?(:name_attribute) ||
-         modified_options.has_key?(:default)
-        options = options.reject { |k, v| k == :name_attribute || k == :name_property || k == :default }
-      end
-      self.class.new(options.merge(modified_options))
-    end
-
-    #
-    # Emit the DSL for this property into the resource class (`declared_in`).
-    #
-    # Creates a getter and setter for the property.
-    #
-    def emit_dsl
-      # We don't create the getter/setter if it's a custom property; we will
-      # be using the existing getter/setter to manipulate it instead.
-      return if !instance_variable_name
-
-      # We prefer this form because the property name won't show up in the
-      # stack trace if you use `define_method`.
-      declared_in.class_eval <<-EOM, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-        def #{name}(value=NOT_PASSED)
-          raise "Property #{name} of \#{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block_given?
-          self.class.properties[#{name.inspect}].call(self, value)
-        end
-        def #{name}=(value)
-          raise "Property #{name} of \#{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block_given?
-          self.class.properties[#{name.inspect}].set(self, value)
-        end
-      EOM
-    rescue SyntaxError
-      # If the name is not a valid ruby name, we use define_method.
-      declared_in.define_method(name) do |value = NOT_PASSED, &block|
-        raise "Property #{name} of #{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block
-        self.class.properties[name].call(self, value)
-      end
-      declared_in.define_method("#{name}=") do |value, &block|
-        raise "Property #{name} of #{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block
-        self.class.properties[name].set(self, value)
-      end
-    end
-
-    protected
-
-    #
-    # The options this Property will use for get/set behavior and validation.
-    #
-    # @see #initialize for a list of valid options.
-    #
-    attr_reader :options
-
-    #
-    # Find out whether this type accepts nil explicitly.
-    #
-    # A type accepts nil explicitly if "is" allows nil, it validates as nil, *and* is not simply
-    # an empty type.
-    #
-    # A type is presumed to accept nil if it does coercion (which must handle nil).
-    #
-    # These examples accept nil explicitly:
-    # ```ruby
-    # property :a, [ String, nil ]
-    # property :a, [ String, NilClass ]
-    # property :a, [ String, proc { |v| v.nil? } ]
-    # ```
-    #
-    # This does not (because the "is" doesn't exist or doesn't have nil):
-    #
-    # ```ruby
-    # property :x, String
-    # ```
-    #
-    # These do not, even though nil would validate fine (because they do not
-    # have "is"):
-    #
-    # ```ruby
-    # property :a
-    # property :a, equal_to: [ 1, 2, 3, nil ]
-    # property :a, kind_of: [ String, NilClass ]
-    # property :a, respond_to: [ ]
-    # property :a, callbacks: { "a" => proc { |v| v.nil? } }
-    # ```
-    #
-    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource we're coercing against
-    #   (to provide context for the coerce).
-    #
-    # @return [Boolean] Whether this value explicitly accepts nil.
-    #
-    # @api private
-    def explicitly_accepts_nil?(resource)
-      options.has_key?(:coerce) ||
-        (options.has_key?(:is) && resource.send(:_pv_is, { name => nil }, name, options[:is], raise_error: false))
-    end
-
-    def get_value(resource)
-      if instance_variable_name
-        resource.instance_variable_get(instance_variable_name)
-      else
-        resource.send(name)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def set_value(resource, value)
-      if instance_variable_name
-        resource.instance_variable_set(instance_variable_name, value)
-      else
-        resource.send(name, value)
-      end
-    end
-
-    def value_is_set?(resource)
-      if instance_variable_name
-        resource.instance_variable_defined?(instance_variable_name)
-      else
-        true
-      end
-    end
-
-    def reset_value(resource)
-      if instance_variable_name
-        if value_is_set?(resource)
-          resource.remove_instance_variable(instance_variable_name)
-        end
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "Property #{name} has no instance variable defined and cannot be reset"
-      end
-    end
-
-    def exec_in_resource(resource, proc, *args)
-      if resource
-        if proc.arity > args.size
-          value = proc.call(resource, *args)
-        else
-          value = resource.instance_exec(*args, &proc)
-        end
-      else
-        # If we don't have a resource yet, we can't exec in resource!
-        raise Chef::Exceptions::CannotValidateStaticallyError, "Cannot validate or coerce without a resource"
-      end
-    end
-
-    def input_to_stored_value(resource, value, is_default: false)
-      unless value.is_a?(DelayedEvaluator)
-        value = coerce_and_validate(resource, value, is_default: is_default)
-      end
-      value
-    end
-
-    def stored_value_to_output(resource, value, is_default: false)
-      # Crack open lazy values before giving the result to the user
-      if value.is_a?(DelayedEvaluator)
-        value = exec_in_resource(resource, value)
-        value = coerce_and_validate(resource, value, is_default: is_default)
-      end
-      value
-    end
-
-    # Coerces and validates the value. If the value is a default, it will warn
-    # the user that invalid defaults are bad mmkay, and return it as if it were
-    # valid.
-    def coerce_and_validate(resource, value, is_default: false)
-      result = coerce(resource, value)
-      begin
-        # If the input is from a default, we need to emit an invalid default warning on validate.
-        validate(resource, result)
-      rescue Chef::Exceptions::CannotValidateStaticallyError
-        # This one gets re-raised
-        raise
-      rescue
-        # Anything else is just an invalid default: in those cases, we just
-        # warn and return the (possibly coerced) value to the user.
-        if is_default
-          if value.nil?
-            Chef.log_deprecation("Default value nil is invalid for property #{self}. Possible fixes: 1. Remove 'default: nil' if nil means 'undefined'. 2. Set a valid default value if there is a reasonable one. 3. Allow nil as a valid value of your property (for example, 'property #{name.inspect}, [ String, nil ], default: nil'). Error: #{$!}")
-          else
-            Chef.log_deprecation("Default value #{value.inspect} is invalid for property #{self}. In Chef 13 this will become an error: #{$!}.")
-          end
-        else
-          raise
-        end
-      end
-
-      result
-    end
-  end
-end
+#
+# Author:: John Keiser <jkeiser@chef.io>
+# Copyright:: Copyright 2015-2016, John Keiser.
+# License:: Apache License, Version 2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "chef/exceptions"
+require "chef/delayed_evaluator"
+require "chef/chef_class"
+require "chef/log"
+
+class Chef
+  #
+  # Type and validation information for a property on a resource.
+  #
+  # A property named "x" manipulates the "@x" instance variable on a
+  # resource.  The *presence* of the variable (`instance_variable_defined?(@x)`)
+  # tells whether the variable is defined; it may have any actual value,
+  # constrained only by validation.
+  #
+  # Properties may have validation, defaults, and coercion, and have full
+  # support for lazy values.
+  #
+  # @see Chef::Resource.property
+  # @see Chef::DelayedEvaluator
+  #
+  class Property
+    #
+    # Create a reusable property type that can be used in multiple properties
+    # in different resources.
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash<Symbol,Object>] Validation options. See Chef::Resource.property for
+    #   the list of options.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Property.derive(default: 'hi')
+    #
+    def self.derive(**options)
+      new(**options)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Create a new property.
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash<Symbol,Object>] Property options, including
+    #   control options here, as well as validation options (see
+    #   Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate#validate for a description of validation
+    #   options).
+    #   @option options [Symbol] :name The name of this property.
+    #   @option options [Class] :declared_in The class this property comes from.
+    #   @option options [Symbol] :instance_variable_name The instance variable
+    #     tied to this property. Must include a leading `@`. Defaults to `@<name>`.
+    #     `nil` means the property is opaque and not tied to a specific instance
+    #     variable.
+    #   @option options [Boolean] :desired_state `true` if this property is part of desired
+    #     state. Defaults to `true`.
+    #   @option options [Boolean] :identity `true` if this property is part of object
+    #     identity. Defaults to `false`.
+    #   @option options [Boolean] :name_property `true` if this
+    #     property defaults to the same value as `name`. Equivalent to
+    #     `default: lazy { name }`, except that #property_is_set? will
+    #     return `true` if the property is set *or* if `name` is set.
+    #   @option options [Object] :default The value this property
+    #     will return if the user does not set one. If this is `lazy`, it will
+    #     be run in the context of the instance (and able to access other
+    #     properties) and cached. If not, the value will be frozen with Object#freeze
+    #     to prevent users from modifying it in an instance.
+    #   @option options [Proc] :coerce A proc which will be called to
+    #     transform the user input to canonical form. The value is passed in,
+    #     and the transformed value returned as output. Lazy values will *not*
+    #     be passed to this method until after they are evaluated. Called in the
+    #     context of the resource (meaning you can access other properties).
+    #   @option options [Boolean] :required `true` if this property
+    #     must be present; `false` otherwise. This is checked after the resource
+    #     is fully initialized.
+    #
+    def initialize(**options)
+      options.each { |k, v| options[k.to_sym] = v; options.delete(k) if k.is_a?(String) }
+      @options = options
+      options[:name] = options[:name].to_sym if options[:name]
+      options[:instance_variable_name] = options[:instance_variable_name].to_sym if options[:instance_variable_name]
+
+      # Replace name_attribute with name_property
+      if options.has_key?(:name_attribute)
+        # If we have both name_attribute and name_property and they differ, raise an error
+        if options.has_key?(:name_property)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify both name_property and name_attribute together on property #{self}."
+        end
+        # replace name_property with name_attribute in place
+        options = Hash[options.map { |k, v| k == :name_attribute ? [ :name_property, v ] : [ k, v ] }]
+        @options = options
+      end
+
+      # Only pick the first of :default, :name_property and :name_attribute if
+      # more than one is specified.
+      if options.has_key?(:default) && options[:name_property]
+        if options[:default].nil? || options.keys.index(:name_property) < options.keys.index(:default)
+          options.delete(:default)
+          preferred_default = :name_property
+        else
+          options.delete(:name_property)
+          preferred_default = :default
+        end
+        Chef.log_deprecation("Cannot specify both default and name_property together on property #{self}. Only one (#{preferred_default}) will be obeyed. In Chef 13, this will become an error. Please remove one or the other from the property.")
+      end
+
+      # Validate the default early, so the user gets a good error message, and
+      # cache it so we don't do it again if so
+      begin
+        # If we can validate it all the way to output, do it.
+        @stored_default = input_to_stored_value(nil, default, is_default: true)
+      rescue Chef::Exceptions::CannotValidateStaticallyError
+        # If the validation is not static (i.e. has procs), we will have to
+        # coerce and validate the default each time we run
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      "#{name || "<property type>"}#{declared_in ? " of resource #{declared_in.resource_name}" : ""}"
+    end
+
+    #
+    # The name of this property.
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    #
+    def name
+      options[:name]
+    end
+
+    #
+    # The class this property was defined in.
+    #
+    # @return [Class]
+    #
+    def declared_in
+      options[:declared_in]
+    end
+
+    #
+    # The instance variable associated with this property.
+    #
+    # Defaults to `@<name>`
+    #
+    # @return [Symbol]
+    #
+    def instance_variable_name
+      if options.has_key?(:instance_variable_name)
+        options[:instance_variable_name]
+      elsif name
+        :"@#{name}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # The raw default value for this resource.
+    #
+    # Does not coerce or validate the default. Does not evaluate lazy values.
+    #
+    # Defaults to `lazy { name }` if name_property is true; otherwise defaults to
+    # `nil`
+    #
+    def default
+      return options[:default] if options.has_key?(:default)
+      return Chef::DelayedEvaluator.new { name } if name_property?
+      nil
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Whether this is part of the resource's natural identity or not.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #
+    def identity?
+      options[:identity]
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Whether this is part of desired state or not.
+    #
+    # Defaults to true.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #
+    def desired_state?
+      return true if !options.has_key?(:desired_state)
+      options[:desired_state]
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Whether this is name_property or not.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #
+    def name_property?
+      options[:name_property]
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Whether this property has a default value.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #
+    def has_default?
+      options.has_key?(:default) || name_property?
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Whether this property is required or not.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #
+    def required?
+      options[:required]
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Validation options.  (See Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate#validate.)
+    #
+    # @return [Hash<Symbol,Object>]
+    #
+    def validation_options
+      @validation_options ||= options.reject { |k, v|
+        [:declared_in, :name, :instance_variable_name, :desired_state, :identity, :default, :name_property, :coerce, :required].include?(k)
+      }
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Handle the property being called.
+    #
+    # The base implementation does the property get-or-set:
+    #
+    # ```ruby
+    # resource.myprop # get
+    # resource.myprop value # set
+    # ```
+    #
+    # Subclasses may implement this with any arguments they want, as long as
+    # the corresponding DSL calls it correctly.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
+    # @param value The value to set (or NOT_PASSED if it is a get).
+    #
+    # @return The current value of the property. If it is a `set`, lazy values
+    #   will be returned without running, validating or coercing. If it is a
+    #   `get`, the non-lazy, coerced, validated value will always be returned.
+    #
+    def call(resource, value = NOT_PASSED)
+      if value == NOT_PASSED
+        return get(resource)
+      end
+
+      if value.nil?
+        # In Chef 12, value(nil) does a *get* instead of a set, so we
+        # warn if the value would have been changed. In Chef 13, it will be
+        # equivalent to value = nil.
+        result = get(resource)
+
+        # Warn about this becoming a set in Chef 13.
+        begin
+          input_to_stored_value(resource, value)
+          # If nil is valid, and it would change the value, warn that this will change to a set.
+          if !result.nil?
+            Chef.log_deprecation("An attempt was made to change #{name} from #{result.inspect} to nil by calling #{name}(nil). In Chef 12, this does a get rather than a set. In Chef 13, this will change to set the value to nil.")
+          end
+        rescue Chef::Exceptions::DeprecatedFeatureError
+          raise
+        rescue
+          # If nil is invalid, warn that this will become an error.
+          Chef.log_deprecation("nil is an invalid value for #{self}. In Chef 13, this warning will change to an error. Error: #{$!}")
+        end
+
+        result
+      else
+        # Anything else, such as myprop(value) is a set
+        set(resource, value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Get the property value from the resource, handling lazy values,
+    # defaults, and validation.
+    #
+    # - If the property's value is lazy, it is evaluated, coerced and validated.
+    # - If the property has no value, and is required, raises ValidationFailed.
+    # - If the property has no value, but has a lazy default, it is evaluated,
+    #   coerced and validated. If the evaluated value is frozen, the resulting
+    # - If the property has no value, but has a default, the default value
+    #   will be returned and frozen. If the default value is lazy, it will be
+    #   evaluated, coerced and validated, and the result stored in the property.
+    # - If the property has no value, but is name_property, `resource.name`
+    #   is retrieved, coerced, validated and stored in the property.
+    # - Otherwise, `nil` is returned.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
+    #
+    # @return The value of the property.
+    #
+    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
+    #   this property, or if the value is required and not set.
+    #
+    def get(resource)
+      # If it's set, return it (and evaluate any lazy values)
+      if is_set?(resource)
+        value = get_value(resource)
+        value = stored_value_to_output(resource, value)
+
+      else
+        # We are getting the default value.
+
+        # If the user does something like this:
+        #
+        # ```
+        # class MyResource < Chef::Resource
+        #   property :content
+        #   action :create do
+        #     file '/x.txt' do
+        #       content content
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        # end
+        # ```
+        #
+        # It won't do what they expect. This checks whether you try to *read*
+        # `content` while we are compiling the resource.
+        if resource.respond_to?(:resource_initializing) &&
+            resource.resource_initializing &&
+            resource.respond_to?(:enclosing_provider) &&
+            resource.enclosing_provider &&
+            resource.enclosing_provider.new_resource &&
+            resource.enclosing_provider.new_resource.respond_to?(name)
+          Chef::Log.warn("#{Chef::Log.caller_location}: property #{name} is declared in both #{resource} and #{resource.enclosing_provider}. Use new_resource.#{name} instead. At #{Chef::Log.caller_location}")
+        end
+
+        if has_default?
+          # If we were able to cache the stored_default, grab it.
+          if defined?(@stored_default)
+            value = @stored_default
+          else
+            # Otherwise, we have to validate it now.
+            value = input_to_stored_value(resource, default, is_default: true)
+          end
+          value = stored_value_to_output(resource, value, is_default: true)
+
+          # If the value is mutable (non-frozen), we set it on the instance
+          # so that people can mutate it.  (All constant default values are
+          # frozen.)
+          if !value.frozen? && !value.nil?
+            set_value(resource, value)
+          end
+
+          value
+
+        elsif required?
+          raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed, "#{name} is required"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Set the value of this property in the given resource.
+    #
+    # Non-lazy values are coerced and validated before being set. Coercion
+    # and validation of lazy values is delayed until they are first retrieved.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to set this property in.
+    # @param value The value to set.
+    #
+    # @return The value that was set, after coercion (if lazy, still returns
+    #   the lazy value)
+    #
+    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
+    #   this property.
+    #
+    def set(resource, value)
+      set_value(resource, input_to_stored_value(resource, value))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Find out whether this property has been set.
+    #
+    # This will be true if:
+    # - The user explicitly set the value
+    # - The property has a default, and the value was retrieved.
+    #
+    # From this point of view, it is worth looking at this as "what does the
+    # user think this value should be." In order words, if the user grabbed
+    # the value, even if it was a default, they probably based calculations on
+    # it. If they based calculations on it and the value changes, the rest of
+    # the world gets inconsistent.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #
+    def is_set?(resource)
+      value_is_set?(resource)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Reset the value of this property so that is_set? will return false and the
+    # default will be returned in the future.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource to get the property from.
+    #
+    def reset(resource)
+      reset_value(resource)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Coerce an input value into canonical form for the property.
+    #
+    # After coercion, the value is suitable for storage in the resource.
+    # You must validate values after coercion, however.
+    #
+    # Does no special handling for lazy values.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource we're coercing against
+    #   (to provide context for the coerce).
+    # @param value The value to coerce.
+    #
+    # @return The coerced value.
+    #
+    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
+    #   this property.
+    #
+    def coerce(resource, value)
+      if options.has_key?(:coerce)
+        # If we have no default value, `nil` is never coerced or validated
+        unless !has_default? && value.nil?
+          value = exec_in_resource(resource, options[:coerce], value)
+        end
+      end
+      value
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Validate a value.
+    #
+    # Calls Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate#validate with #validation_options as
+    # options.
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource we're validating against
+    #   (to provide context for the validate).
+    # @param value The value to validate.
+    #
+    # @raise Chef::Exceptions::ValidationFailed If the value is invalid for
+    #   this property.
+    #
+    def validate(resource, value)
+      # If we have no default value, `nil` is never coerced or validated
+      unless value.nil? && !has_default?
+        if resource
+          resource.validate({ name => value }, { name => validation_options })
+        else
+          name = self.name || :property_type
+          Chef::Mixin::ParamsValidate.validate({ name => value }, { name => validation_options })
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Derive a new Property that is just like this one, except with some added or
+    # changed options.
+    #
+    # @param options [Hash<Symbol,Object>] List of options that would be passed
+    #   to #initialize.
+    #
+    # @return [Property] The new property type.
+    #
+    def derive(**modified_options)
+      # Since name_property, name_attribute and default override each other,
+      # if you specify one of them in modified_options it overrides anything in
+      # the original options.
+      options = self.options
+      if modified_options.has_key?(:name_property) ||
+          modified_options.has_key?(:name_attribute) ||
+          modified_options.has_key?(:default)
+        options = options.reject { |k, v| k == :name_attribute || k == :name_property || k == :default }
+      end
+      self.class.new(options.merge(modified_options))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Emit the DSL for this property into the resource class (`declared_in`).
+    #
+    # Creates a getter and setter for the property.
+    #
+    def emit_dsl
+      # We don't create the getter/setter if it's a custom property; we will
+      # be using the existing getter/setter to manipulate it instead.
+      return if !instance_variable_name
+
+      # We prefer this form because the property name won't show up in the
+      # stack trace if you use `define_method`.
+      declared_in.class_eval <<-EOM, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+        def #{name}(value=NOT_PASSED)
+          raise "Property #{name} of \#{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block_given?
+          self.class.properties[#{name.inspect}].call(self, value)
+        end
+        def #{name}=(value)
+          raise "Property #{name} of \#{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block_given?
+          self.class.properties[#{name.inspect}].set(self, value)
+        end
+      EOM
+    rescue SyntaxError
+      # If the name is not a valid ruby name, we use define_method.
+      declared_in.define_method(name) do |value = NOT_PASSED, &block|
+        raise "Property #{name} of #{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block
+        self.class.properties[name].call(self, value)
+      end
+      declared_in.define_method("#{name}=") do |value, &block|
+        raise "Property #{name} of #{self} cannot be passed a block! If you meant to create a resource named #{name} instead, you'll need to first rename the property." if block
+        self.class.properties[name].set(self, value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    #
+    # The options this Property will use for get/set behavior and validation.
+    #
+    # @see #initialize for a list of valid options.
+    #
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    #
+    # Find out whether this type accepts nil explicitly.
+    #
+    # A type accepts nil explicitly if "is" allows nil, it validates as nil, *and* is not simply
+    # an empty type.
+    #
+    # A type is presumed to accept nil if it does coercion (which must handle nil).
+    #
+    # These examples accept nil explicitly:
+    # ```ruby
+    # property :a, [ String, nil ]
+    # property :a, [ String, NilClass ]
+    # property :a, [ String, proc { |v| v.nil? } ]
+    # ```
+    #
+    # This does not (because the "is" doesn't exist or doesn't have nil):
+    #
+    # ```ruby
+    # property :x, String
+    # ```
+    #
+    # These do not, even though nil would validate fine (because they do not
+    # have "is"):
+    #
+    # ```ruby
+    # property :a
+    # property :a, equal_to: [ 1, 2, 3, nil ]
+    # property :a, kind_of: [ String, NilClass ]
+    # property :a, respond_to: [ ]
+    # property :a, callbacks: { "a" => proc { |v| v.nil? } }
+    # ```
+    #
+    # @param resource [Chef::Resource] The resource we're coercing against
+    #   (to provide context for the coerce).
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] Whether this value explicitly accepts nil.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def explicitly_accepts_nil?(resource)
+      options.has_key?(:coerce) ||
+        (options.has_key?(:is) && resource.send(:_pv_is, { name => nil }, name, options[:is], raise_error: false))
+    end
+
+    def get_value(resource)
+      if instance_variable_name
+        resource.instance_variable_get(instance_variable_name)
+      else
+        resource.send(name)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def set_value(resource, value)
+      if instance_variable_name
+        resource.instance_variable_set(instance_variable_name, value)
+      else
+        resource.send(name, value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def value_is_set?(resource)
+      if instance_variable_name
+        resource.instance_variable_defined?(instance_variable_name)
+      else
+        true
+      end
+    end
+
+    def reset_value(resource)
+      if instance_variable_name
+        if value_is_set?(resource)
+          resource.remove_instance_variable(instance_variable_name)
+        end
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Property #{name} has no instance variable defined and cannot be reset"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def exec_in_resource(resource, proc, *args)
+      if resource
+        if proc.arity > args.size
+          value = proc.call(resource, *args)
+        else
+          value = resource.instance_exec(*args, &proc)
+        end
+      else
+        # If we don't have a resource yet, we can't exec in resource!
+        raise Chef::Exceptions::CannotValidateStaticallyError, "Cannot validate or coerce without a resource"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def input_to_stored_value(resource, value, is_default: false)
+      unless value.is_a?(DelayedEvaluator)
+        value = coerce_and_validate(resource, value, is_default: is_default)
+      end
+      value
+    end
+
+    def stored_value_to_output(resource, value, is_default: false)
+      # Crack open lazy values before giving the result to the user
+      if value.is_a?(DelayedEvaluator)
+        value = exec_in_resource(resource, value)
+        value = coerce_and_validate(resource, value, is_default: is_default)
+      end
+      value
+    end
+
+    # Coerces and validates the value. If the value is a default, it will warn
+    # the user that invalid defaults are bad mmkay, and return it as if it were
+    # valid.
+    def coerce_and_validate(resource, value, is_default: false)
+      result = coerce(resource, value)
+      begin
+        # If the input is from a default, we need to emit an invalid default warning on validate.
+        validate(resource, result)
+      rescue Chef::Exceptions::CannotValidateStaticallyError
+        # This one gets re-raised
+        raise
+      rescue
+        # Anything else is just an invalid default: in those cases, we just
+        # warn and return the (possibly coerced) value to the user.
+        if is_default
+          if value.nil?
+            Chef.log_deprecation("Default value nil is invalid for property #{self}. Possible fixes: 1. Remove 'default: nil' if nil means 'undefined'. 2. Set a valid default value if there is a reasonable one. 3. Allow nil as a valid value of your property (for example, 'property #{name.inspect}, [ String, nil ], default: nil'). Error: #{$!}")
+          else
+            Chef.log_deprecation("Default value #{value.inspect} is invalid for property #{self}. In Chef 13 this will become an error: #{$!}.")
+          end
+        else
+          raise
+        end
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+  end
+end