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+.\"
+.Dd Dec 22, 2007
+.Dt MARKDOWN 7
+.Os MASTODON
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm Markdown
+.Nd The Markdown text formatting syntax
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Ss Philosophy
+.Nm Markdown
+is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.
+.Pp
+Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
+document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
+like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
+Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
+filters -- including
+.Em Setext ,
+.Em atx ,
+.Em Textile ,
+.Em reStructuredText ,
+.Em Grutatext ,
+and
+.Em EtText
+\-\- the single biggest source of
+inspiration for
+Markdown's
+syntax is the format of plain text email.
+.Pp
+To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
+characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
+as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
+look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
+blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you've ever
+used email.
+.Ss Inline HTML
+Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
+format for
+.Em writing
+for the web.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
+syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
+HTML tags. The idea is
+.Em not
+to create a syntax that makes it easier
+to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
+insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
+edit prose. HTML is a
+.Em publishing
+format; Markdown is a
+.Em writing
+format. Thus, Markdown's formatting syntax only addresses issues that
+can be conveyed in plain text.
+.Pp
+For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you simply
+use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it to
+indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
+the tags.
+.Pp
+The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g.
+.Li \<div> ,
+.Li \<table> ,
+.Li \<pre> ,
+.Li \<p> ,
+etc. -- must be separated from surrounding
+content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
+not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
+to add extra (unwanted)
+.Li \<p>
+tags around HTML block-level tags.
+.Pp
+For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    This is a regular paragraph.
+
+    <table>
+        <tr>
+            <td>Foo</td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+
+    This is another regular paragraph.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
+HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style 
+.Li *emphasis*
+inside an HTML block.
+.Pp
+Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. 
+.Li \<span> ,
+.Li \<cite> ,
+or
+.Li \<del>
+\-\- can be
+used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
+want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
+you'd prefer to use HTML 
+.Li \<a>
+or
+.Li \<img>
+tags instead of Markdown's
+link or image syntax, go right ahead.
+.Pp
+Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax *is* processed within
+span-level tags.
+.Ss Automatic Escaping for Special Characters
+In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: `<`
+and `&`. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
+used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
+characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. `&lt;`, and
+`&amp;`.
+.Pp
+Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
+write about 'AT&T', you need to write '`AT&amp;T`'. You even need to
+escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird
+.Ed
+.Pp
+you need to encode the URL as:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
+.Ed
+.Pp
+in your anchor tag `href` attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
+forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
+errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
+all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
+an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
+into `&amp;`.
+.Pp
+So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    &copy;
+.Ed
+.Pp
+and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    AT&T
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+will translate it to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    AT&amp;T
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Similarly, because Markdown supports inline HTML, if you use
+angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
+such. But if you write:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    4 < 5
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+will translate it to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    4 &lt; 5
+.Ed
+.Pp
+However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
+ampersands are *always* encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
+Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
+terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single `<`
+and `&` in your example code needs to be escaped.)
+.Sh Block Elements
+.Ss Paragraphs and Line Breaks
+.Pp
+A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
+by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
+blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
+blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with spaces or tabs.
+.Pp
+The implication of the
+.Qq one or more consecutive lines of text
+rule is
+that Markdown supports
+.Qq hard-wrapped
+Dtext paragraphs. This differs
+significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
+Type's
+.Qq Convert Line Breaks
+option) which translate every line break
+character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag.
+.Pp
+When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you
+end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.
+.Pp
+Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a `<br />`, but a simplistic
+"every line break is a `<br />`" rule wouldn't work for Markdown.
+Markdown's email-style
+.Sx  blockquoting
+ and multi-paragraph
+.Sx  list items
+work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.
+.Ss Headers
+.Nm
+supports two styles of headers, 
+.Em Setext
+and
+.Em atx .
+.Pp
+Setext-style headers are
+.Sq underlined
+using equal signs (for first-level
+headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    This is an H1
+    =============
+
+    This is an H2
+    -------------
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Any number of underlining `=`'s or `-`'s will work.
+.Pp
+Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
+corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    # This is an H1
+
+    ## This is an H2
+
+    ###### This is an H6
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Optionally, you may 
+.Qq close
+atx-style headers. This is purely
+cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
+closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
+used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
+determines the header level.) :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    # This is an H1 #
+
+    ## This is an H2 ##
+
+    ### This is an H3 ######
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Ss Blockquotes
+.Nm
+uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're
+familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
+know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
+wrap the text and put a `>` before every line:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum
+    > dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam
+    > hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
+    > viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+    > 
+    > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet
+    > velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus
+    > adipiscing.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first
+line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum
+    dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam
+    hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
+    viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+
+    > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet
+     velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus
+      adipiscing.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
+adding additional levels of `>`:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    > This is the first level of quoting.
+    >
+    > > This is nested blockquote.
+    >
+    > Back to the first level.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
+and code blocks:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	> ## This is a header.
+	> 
+	> 1.   This is the first list item.
+	> 2.   This is the second list item.
+	> 
+	> Here's some example code:
+	> 
+	>     return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
+example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
+Quote Level from the Text menu.
+.Ss Lists
+.Nm
+supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.
+.Pp
+Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
+\-- as list markers:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   Red
+    *   Green
+    *   Blue
+.Ed
+.Pp
+is equivalent to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    +   Red
+    +   Green
+    +   Blue
+.Ed
+.Pp
+and:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    -   Red
+    -   Green
+    -   Blue
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    1.  Bird
+    2.  McHale
+    3.  Parish
+.Ed
+.Pp
+It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
+list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
+Markdown produces from the above list is:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <ol>
+    <li>Bird</li>
+    <li>McHale</li>
+    <li>Parish</li>
+    </ol>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    1.  Bird
+    1.  McHale
+    1.  Parish
+.Ed
+.Pp
+or even:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    3. Bird
+    1. McHale
+    8. Parish
+.Ed
+.Pp
+you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
+you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
+the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
+But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.
+.Pp
+If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
+list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
+starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.
+.Pp
+List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
+up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
+or a tab.
+.Pp
+To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing
+	elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum
+	enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae,
+	risus.
+    *   Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet
+	velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus
+	adipiscing.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing
+    elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum
+    enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae,
+    risus.
+    *   Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet
+    velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus
+    adipiscing.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
+items in `<p>` tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   Bird
+    *   Magic
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will turn into:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <ul>
+    <li>Bird</li>
+    <li>Magic</li>
+    </ul>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+But this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   Bird
+
+    *   Magic
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will turn into:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <ul>
+    <li><p>Bird</p></li>
+    <li><p>Magic</p></li>
+    </ul>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
+paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
+or one tab:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    1.  This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum
+	dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam
+	hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
+
+        Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in,
+	laoreet vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam
+	semper ipsum sit amet velit.
+
+    2.  Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus
+	adipiscing.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
+paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
+lazy:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   This is a list item with two paragraphs.
+
+        This is the second paragraph in the list item.
+	You're only required to indent the first line. Lorem
+	ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+
+    *   Another item in the same list.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>`
+delimiters need to be indented:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   A list item with a blockquote:
+
+        > This is a blockquote
+        > inside a list item.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
+to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *   A list item with a code block:
+
+            <code goes here>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list by
+accident, by writing something like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    1986. What a great season.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In other words, a *number-period-space* sequence at the beginning of a
+line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    1986\\. What a great season.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Ss Code Blocks
+Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
+markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
+of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
+in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags.
+.Pp
+To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
+block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    This is a normal paragraph:
+
+        This is a code block.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+will generate:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p>This is a normal paragraph:</p>
+
+    <pre><code>This is a code block.
+    </code></pre>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each
+line of the code block. For example, this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    Here is an example of AppleScript:
+
+        tell application "Foo"
+            beep
+        end tell
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will turn into:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>
+
+    <pre><code>tell application "Foo"
+        beep
+    end tell
+    </code></pre>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
+(or the end of the article).
+.Pp
+Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`)
+are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
+easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
+it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
+ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+        <div class="footer">
+            &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
+        </div>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will turn into:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <pre><code>&lt;div class="footer"&gt;
+        &amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
+    &lt;/div&gt;
+    </code></pre>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
+asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
+it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.
+.Ss Horizontal Rules
+You can produce a horizontal rule tag (`<hr />`) by placing three or
+more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you
+wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the
+following lines will produce a horizontal rule:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    * * *
+
+    ***
+
+    *****
+
+    - - -
+
+    ---------------------------------------
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Sh Span Elements
+.Ss Links
+.Nm
+supports two style of links:
+.Em inline
+and
+.Em reference .
+.Pp
+In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].
+.Pp
+To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
+after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
+put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional*
+title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
+
+    [This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Will produce:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title">
+    an example</a> inline link.</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no
+    title attribute.</p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
+use relative paths:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    See my [About](/about/) page for details.   
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
+which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
+on a line by itself:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    [id]: http://example.com/  "Optional Title Here"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+That is:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
+indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);
+.It
+followed by a colon;
+.It
+followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);
+.It
+followed by the URL for the link;
+.It
+optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
+in double or single quotes, or enclosed in parentheses.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following three link definitions are equivalent:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	[foo]: http://example.com/  "Optional Title Here"
+	[foo]: http://example.com/  'Optional Title Here'
+	[foo]: http://example.com/  (Optional Title Here)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Em Note :
+There is a known bug in Markdown.pl 1.0.1 which prevents
+single quotes from being used to delimit link titles.
+.Pp
+The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    [id]: <http://example.com/>  "Optional Title Here"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
+or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    [id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
+        "Optional Title Here"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
+processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.
+.Pp
+Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and
+punctuation -- but they are
+.Em not
+case sensitive. E.g. these two
+links:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	[link text][a]
+	[link text][A]
+.Ed
+.Pp
+are equivalent.
+.Pp
+The
+.Em implicit link name
+shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
+link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
+Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word
+.Qq Google
+to the google.com web site, you could simply write:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	[Google][]
+.Ed
+.Pp
+And then define the link:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	[Google]: http://google.com/
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
+multiple words in the link text:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+And then define the link:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
+tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they're
+used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
+document, sort of like footnotes.
+.Pp
+Here's an example of reference links in action:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
+    [Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
+
+      [1]: http://google.com/        "Google"
+      [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/  "Yahoo Search"
+      [3]: http://search.msn.com/    "MSN Search"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
+    [Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
+
+      [google]: http://google.com/        "Google"
+      [yahoo]:  http://search.yahoo.com/  "Yahoo Search"
+      [msn]:    http://search.msn.com/    "MSN Search"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
+    title="Google">Google</a> than from
+    <a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a>
+    or
+    <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
+Markdown's inline link style:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    I get 10 times more traffic from
+    [Google](http://google.com/ "Google") than from
+    [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
+    [MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
+write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
+source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
+reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
+long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
+it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup than there
+is text.
+.Pp
+With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much more
+closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
+allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
+you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
+prose.
+.Ss Emphasis
+Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of
+emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an
+HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML
+`<strong>` tag. E.g., this input:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    *single asterisks*
+
+    _single underscores_
+
+    **double asterisks**
+
+    __double underscores__
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will produce:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <em>single asterisks</em>
+
+    <em>single underscores</em>
+
+    <strong>double asterisks</strong>
+
+    <strong>double underscores</strong>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
+the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.
+.Pp
+Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    un*fucking*believable
+.Ed
+.Pp
+But if you surround an `*` or `_` with spaces, it'll be treated as a
+literal asterisk or underscore.
+.Pp
+To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
+would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
+escape it:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    \\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\\*
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Ss Code
+To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``).
+Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
+normal paragraph. For example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    Use the `printf()` function.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will produce:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use
+multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    ``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
+.Ed
+.Pp
+which will produce this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces --
+one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place
+literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
+	
+	A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
+.Ed
+.Pp
+will produce:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	<p>A single backtick in a code span: <code>`</code></p>
+	
+	<p>A backtick-delimited string in a code span: <code>`foo`</code></p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
+entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
+tags. Markdown will turn this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    Please don't use any `<blink>` tags.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+into:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p>Please don't use any <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+You can write this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    `&#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&mdash;`.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+to produce:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <p><code>&amp;#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded
+    equivalent of <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.</p>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Ss Images
+Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a
+.Qq natural
+syntax for placing images into a plain text document format.
+.Pp
+Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
+for links, allowing for two styles:
+.Em inline
+and
+.Em reference .
+.Pp
+Inline image syntax looks like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    ![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
+
+    ![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg =Optional size "Optional title")
+.Ed
+.Pp
+That is:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+An exclamation mark: `!`;
+.It
+followed by a set of square brackets, containing the `alt`
+attribute text for the image;
+.It
+followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
+the image, an optional `size` attribute (in
+.Ar width Li c Ar height
+format) prefixed with a `=`,
+and an optional `title` attribute enclosed in double
+or single quotes.
+.El
+.Pp
+Reference-style image syntax looks like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    ![Alt text][id]
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Where
+.Qq id
+is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
+are defined using syntax identical to link references:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    [id]: url/to/image  =Optional size "Optional title attribute"
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Sh Miscellaneous
+.Ss Automatic Links
+.Nm
+supports a shortcut style for creating
+.Qq automatic
+links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email
+address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to
+ show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be
+  a clickable link, you can do this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <http://example.com/>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+will turn this into:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
+Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
+entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
+spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <address@example.com>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+into something like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    <a href="&#x6D;&#x61;i&#x6C;&#x74;&#x6F;:&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;
+    &#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;
+    &#109;">&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;
+    &#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;&#109;</a>
+.Ed
+.Pp
+which will render in a browser as a clickable link to
+.Qq address@example.com .
+.Pp
+(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
+most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all of
+them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this way
+will probably eventually start receiving spam.)
+.Ss Backslash Escapes
+.Nm
+allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
+characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
+formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
+literal asterisks (instead of an HTML `<em>` tag), you add backslashes
+before the asterisks, like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+    \\*literal asterisks\\*
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm
+provides backslash escapes for the following characters:
+.Bl -tag -compact
+.It \&\
+backslash
+.It \`
+backtick
+.It *
+asterisk
+.It _
+underscore
+.It \{\}
+curly braces
+.It []
+square brackets
+.It ()
+parentheses
+.It #
+hash mark
+.It +
+plus sign
+.It \-
+minus sign (hyphen)
+.It \.
+dot
+.It \!
+exclamation mark
+.El
+.Sh BUGS
+.Nm
+assumes that tabs are set to 4 spaces.
+.Sh AUTHOR
+John Gruber
+.%T http://daringfireball.net/
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr markdown 1 ,
+.Xr markdown 3 ,
+.Xr mkd-callbacks 3 ,
+.Xr mkd-functions 3 ,
+.Xr mkd-extensions 7 .
+.Pp
+.%T http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown
+.br
+.%T http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html
+.br
+.%T http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/
+.br
+.%T http://textism.com/tools/textile/
+.br
+.%T http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
+.br
+.%T http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html
+.br
+.%T http://ettext.taint.org/doc/