capybara 3.0.0 → 3.40.0

data/spec/rspec/shared_spec_matchers.rb

@@ -5,516 +5,565 @@ require 'capybara/dsl'
 require 'capybara/rspec/matchers'
 require 'benchmark'
 
+# rubocop:disable RSpec/ExpectActual
+
 RSpec.shared_examples Capybara::RSpecMatchers do |session, _mode|
   include Capybara::DSL
   include Capybara::RSpecMatchers
 
-  describe "have_css matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_css('h1').description).to eq("have visible css \"h1\"")
+  describe 'have_css matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_css('h1').description).to eq('have visible css "h1"')
     end
 
-    context "on a string" do
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_css? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('h1')
+    context 'on a string' do
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_css? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('h1')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_css? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_css? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('h2')
-          end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible css "h2" but there were no matches/)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('h2')
+          end.to raise_error(/expected to find css "h2" but there were no matches/)
         end
 
-        it "passes if matched node count equals expected count" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('h1', count: 1)
+        it 'passes if matched node count equals expected count' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('h1', count: 1)
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched node count does not equal expected count" do
+        it 'fails if matched node count does not equal expected count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('h1', count: 2)
-          end.to raise_error("expected to find visible css \"h1\" 2 times, found 1 match: \"Text\"")
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('h1', count: 2)
+          end.to raise_error('expected to find visible css "h1" 2 times, found 1 match: "Text"')
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched node count is less than expected minimum count" do
+        it 'fails if matched node count is less than expected minimum count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('p', minimum: 1)
-          end.to raise_error("expected to find visible css \"p\" at least 1 time but there were no matches")
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('p', minimum: 1)
+          end.to raise_error('expected to find css "p" at least 1 time but there were no matches')
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched node count is more than expected maximum count" do
+        it 'fails if matched node count is more than expected maximum count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1><h1>Text</h1><h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('h1', maximum: 2)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1><h1>Text</h1><h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('h1', maximum: 2)
           end.to raise_error('expected to find visible css "h1" at most 2 times, found 3 matches: "Text", "Text", "Text"')
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched node count does not belong to expected range" do
+        it 'fails if matched node count does not belong to expected range' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_css('h1', between: 2..3)
-          end.to raise_error("expected to find visible css \"h1\" between 2 and 3 times, found 1 match: \"Text\"")
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_css('h1', between: 2..3)
+          end.to raise_error('expected to find visible css "h1" between 2 and 3 times, found 1 match: "Text"')
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_css? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_css('h2')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_css? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_css('h2')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_css? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_css? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_css('h1')
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_css('h1')
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible css "h1"/)
         end
 
-        it "passes if matched node count does not equal expected count" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_css('h1', count: 2)
+        it 'passes if matched node count does not equal expected count' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_css('h1', count: 2)
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched node count equals expected count" do
+        it 'fails if matched node count equals expected count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_css('h1', count: 1)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_css('h1', count: 1)
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible css "h1"/)
         end
       end
 
-      it "supports compounding" do
-        expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>").to have_css('h1').and have_css('h2')
-        expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>").to have_css('h3').or have_css('h1')
+      it 'supports compounding' do
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_css('h1').and have_css('h2')
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_css('h3').or have_css('h1')
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_no_css('h4').and have_css('h2')
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_no_css('h2').or have_css('h1')
       end
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
+    context 'on a page or node' do
       before do
-        visit('/with_html')
+        session.visit('/with_html')
       end
 
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_css? returns true" do
-          expect(page).to have_css('h1')
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_css? returns true' do
+          expect(session).to have_css('h1')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_css? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_css? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).to have_css('h1#doesnotexist')
-          end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible css "h1#doesnotexist" but there were no matches/)
+            expect(session).to have_css('h1#doesnotexist')
+          end.to raise_error(/expected to find css "h1#doesnotexist" but there were no matches/)
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_css? returns true" do
-          expect(page).not_to have_css('h1#doesnotexist')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_css? returns true' do
+          expect(session).not_to have_css('h1#doesnotexist')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_css? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_css? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).not_to have_css('h1')
+            expect(session).not_to have_css('h1')
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible css "h1"/)
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_xpath matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_xpath('//h1').description).to eq("have visible xpath \"\/\/h1\"")
+  describe 'have_xpath matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_xpath('//h1').description).to eq('have visible xpath "//h1"')
     end
 
-    context "on a string" do
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_xpath? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_xpath('//h1')
+    context 'on a string' do
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_xpath? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_xpath('//h1')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_xpath? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_xpath? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_xpath('//h2')
-          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find visible xpath "//h2" but there were no matches})
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_xpath('//h2')
+          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find xpath "//h2" but there were no matches})
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_xpath? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_xpath('//h2')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_xpath? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_xpath('//h2')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_xpath? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_xpath? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_xpath('//h1')
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_xpath('//h1')
           end.to raise_error(%r{expected not to find visible xpath "//h1"})
         end
       end
 
-      it "supports compounding" do
-        expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>").to have_xpath('//h1').and have_xpath('//h2')
-        expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>").to have_xpath('//h3').or have_xpath('//h1')
+      it 'supports compounding' do
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_xpath('//h1').and have_xpath('//h2')
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_xpath('//h3').or have_xpath('//h1')
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_no_xpath('//h4').and have_xpath('//h1')
+        expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_no_xpath('//h4').or have_xpath('//h4')
       end
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
+    context 'on a page or node' do
       before do
-        visit('/with_html')
+        session.visit('/with_html')
       end
 
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_xpath? returns true" do
-          expect(page).to have_xpath('//h1')
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_xpath? returns true' do
+          expect(session).to have_xpath('//h1')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_xpath? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_xpath? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).to have_xpath("//h1[@id='doesnotexist']")
-          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find visible xpath "//h1\[@id='doesnotexist'\]" but there were no matches})
+            expect(session).to have_xpath("//h1[@id='doesnotexist']")
+          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find xpath "//h1\[@id='doesnotexist'\]" but there were no matches})
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_xpath? returns true" do
-          expect(page).not_to have_xpath('//h1[@id="doesnotexist"]')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_xpath? returns true' do
+          expect(session).not_to have_xpath('//h1[@id="doesnotexist"]')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_xpath? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_xpath? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).not_to have_xpath('//h1')
+            expect(session).not_to have_xpath('//h1')
           end.to raise_error(%r{expected not to find visible xpath "//h1"})
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_selector matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
+  describe 'have_selector matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
       matcher = have_selector('//h1')
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to matcher
-      expect(matcher.description).to eq("have visible xpath \"//h1\"")
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to matcher
+      expect(matcher.description).to eq('have visible xpath "//h1"')
     end
 
-    context "on a string" do
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_selector? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_selector('//h1')
+    context 'on a string' do
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_selector? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_selector('//h1')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_selector? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_selector? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_selector('//h2')
-          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find visible xpath "//h2" but there were no matches})
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_selector('//h2')
+          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find xpath "//h2" but there were no matches})
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_selector? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_selector(:css, 'h2')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_selector? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_selector(:css, 'h2')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_selector? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_selector? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_selector(:css, 'h1')
-          end.to raise_error(%r{expected not to find visible css "h1"})
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_selector(:css, 'h1')
+          end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible css "h1"/)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
+    context 'on a page or node' do
       before do
-        visit('/with_html')
+        session.visit('/with_html')
       end
 
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_selector? returns true" do
-          expect(page).to have_selector('//h1', text: 'test')
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_selector? returns true' do
+          expect(session).to have_selector('//h1', text: 'test')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_selector? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_selector? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).to have_selector("//h1[@id='doesnotexist']")
-          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find visible xpath "//h1\[@id='doesnotexist'\]" but there were no matches})
+            expect(session).to have_selector("//h1[@id='doesnotexist']")
+          end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find xpath "//h1\[@id='doesnotexist'\]" but there were no matches})
         end
 
-        it "includes text in error message" do
+        it 'includes text in error message' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).to have_selector("//h1", text: 'wrong text')
+            expect(session).to have_selector('//h1', text: 'wrong text')
           end.to raise_error(%r{expected to find visible xpath "//h1" with text "wrong text" but there were no matches})
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_css? returns true" do
-          expect(page).not_to have_selector(:css, 'h1#doesnotexist')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_css? returns true' do
+          expect(session).not_to have_selector(:css, 'h1#doesnotexist')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_selector? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_selector? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).not_to have_selector(:css, 'h1', text: 'test')
-          end.to raise_error(%r{expected not to find visible css "h1" with text "test"})
+            expect(session).not_to have_selector(:css, 'h1', text: 'test')
+          end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible css "h1" with text "test"/)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>").to have_selector('//h1').and have_selector('//h2')
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>").to have_selector('//h3').or have_selector('//h1')
+    it 'supports compounding' do
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_selector('//h1').and have_selector('//h2')
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_selector('//h3').or have_selector('//h1')
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Text</h2>').to have_no_selector('//h3').and have_selector('//h1')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_content matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_content('Text').description).to eq("text \"Text\"")
+  describe 'have_content matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_content('Text').description).to eq('have text "Text"')
     end
 
-    context "on a string" do
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_content? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_content('Text')
+    context 'on a string' do
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_content? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_content('Text')
         end
 
-        it "passes if has_content? returns true using regexp" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_content(/ext/)
+        it 'passes if has_content? returns true using regexp' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_content(/ext/)
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_content? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_content? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_content('No such Text')
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_content('No such Text')
           end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "No such Text" in "Text"/)
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_content? returns true" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_content('No such Text')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_content? returns true' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_content('No such Text')
         end
 
-        it "passes because escapes any characters that would have special meaning in a regexp" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_content('.')
+        it 'passes because escapes any characters that would have special meaning in a regexp' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_content('.')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_content? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_content? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_content('Text')
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_content('Text')
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find text "Text" in "Text"/)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
+    context 'on a page or node' do
       before do
-        visit('/with_html')
+        session.visit('/with_html')
       end
 
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_content? returns true" do
-          expect(page).to have_content('This is a test')
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_content? returns true' do
+          expect(session).to have_content('This is a test')
         end
 
-        it "passes if has_content? returns true using regexp" do
-          expect(page).to have_content(/test/)
+        it 'passes if has_content? returns true using regexp' do
+          expect(session).to have_content(/test/)
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_content? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_content? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).to have_content('No such Text')
+            expect(session).to have_content('No such Text')
           end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "No such Text" in "(.*)This is a test(.*)"/)
         end
 
-        context "with default selector CSS" do
+        context 'with default selector CSS' do
           before { Capybara.default_selector = :css }
-          it "fails if has_content? returns false" do
+
+          after { Capybara.default_selector = :xpath }
+
+          it 'fails if has_content? returns false' do
             expect do
-              expect(page).to have_content('No such Text')
+              expect(session).to have_content('No such Text')
             end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "No such Text" in "(.*)This is a test(.*)"/)
           end
-          after { Capybara.default_selector = :xpath }
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_content? returns true" do
-          expect(page).not_to have_content('No such Text')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_content? returns true' do
+          expect(session).not_to have_content('No such Text')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_content? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_content? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).not_to have_content('This is a test')
+            expect(session).not_to have_content('This is a test')
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find text "This is a test"/)
         end
+
+        it 'not_to have_content behaves the same as to have_no_content' do
+          Capybara.using_wait_time(5) do
+            expect(session).to have_content('This is a test')
+            start = Time.now
+            expect(session).to have_no_content('No such Text')
+            to_time = Time.now
+            expect(session).not_to have_content('No such Text')
+            not_to_time = Time.now
+            expect(not_to_time - to_time).to be_within(0.5).of(to_time - start)
+          end
+        end
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>And</h2>").to have_content('Text').and have_content('And')
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Or</h2>").to have_content('XYZ').or have_content('Or')
+    it 'supports compounding' do
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>And</h2>').to have_content('Text').and have_content('And')
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Or</h2>').to have_content('XYZ').or have_content('Or')
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Or</h2>').to have_no_content('XYZ').and have_content('Or')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_text matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_text('Text').description).to eq("text \"Text\"")
+  describe 'have_text matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_text('Text').description).to eq('have text "Text"')
     end
 
-    context "on a string" do
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if text contains given string" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text('Text')
+    context 'on a string' do
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if text contains given string' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text('Text')
         end
 
-        it "passes if text matches given regexp" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text(/ext/)
+        it 'passes if text matches given regexp' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text(/ext/)
         end
 
         it "fails if text doesn't contain given string" do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text('No such Text')
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text('No such Text')
           end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "No such Text" in "Text"/)
         end
 
         it "fails if text doesn't match given regexp" do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text(/No such Text/)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text(/No such Text/)
           end.to raise_error('expected to find text matching /No such Text/ in "Text"')
         end
 
-        it "casts Integer to string" do
+        it 'casts Integer to string' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text(3)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text(3)
           end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "3" in "Text"/)
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched text count does not equal to expected count" do
+        it 'fails if matched text count does not equal to expected count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text('Text', count: 2)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text('Text', count: 2)
           end.to raise_error('expected to find text "Text" 2 times but found 1 time in "Text"')
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched text count is less than expected minimum count" do
+        it 'fails if matched text count is less than expected minimum count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text('Lorem', minimum: 1)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text('Lorem', minimum: 1)
           end.to raise_error('expected to find text "Lorem" at least 1 time but found 0 times in "Text"')
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched text count is more than expected maximum count" do
+        it 'fails if matched text count is more than expected maximum count' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text TextText</h1>").to have_text('Text', maximum: 2)
+            expect('<h1>Text TextText</h1>').to have_text('Text', maximum: 2)
           end.to raise_error('expected to find text "Text" at most 2 times but found 3 times in "Text TextText"')
         end
 
-        it "fails if matched text count does not belong to expected range" do
+        it 'fails if matched text count does not belong to expected range' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").to have_text('Text', between: 2..3)
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').to have_text('Text', between: 2..3)
           end.to raise_error('expected to find text "Text" between 2 and 3 times but found 1 time in "Text"')
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
+      context 'with should_not' do
         it "passes if text doesn't contain a string" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_text('No such Text')
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_text('No such Text')
         end
 
-        it "passes because escapes any characters that would have special meaning in a regexp" do
-          expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_text('.')
+        it 'passes because escapes any characters that would have special meaning in a regexp' do
+          expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_text('.')
         end
 
-        it "fails if text contains a string" do
+        it 'fails if text contains a string' do
           expect do
-            expect("<h1>Text</h1>").not_to have_text('Text')
+            expect('<h1>Text</h1>').not_to have_text('Text')
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find text "Text" in "Text"/)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
+    context 'on a page or node' do
       before do
-        visit('/with_html')
+        session.visit('/with_html')
       end
 
-      context "with should" do
-        it "passes if has_text? returns true" do
-          expect(page).to have_text('This is a test')
+      context 'with should' do
+        it 'passes if has_text? returns true' do
+          expect(session).to have_text('This is a test')
         end
 
-        it "passes if has_text? returns true using regexp" do
-          expect(page).to have_text(/test/)
+        it 'passes if has_text? returns true using regexp' do
+          expect(session).to have_text(/test/)
         end
 
-        it "can check for all text" do
-          expect(page).to have_text(:all, 'Some of this text is hidden!')
+        it 'can check for all text' do
+          expect(session).to have_text(:all, 'Some of this text is hidden!')
         end
 
-        it "can check for visible text" do
-          expect(page).to have_text(:visible, 'Some of this text is')
-          expect(page).not_to have_text(:visible, 'Some of this text is hidden!')
+        it 'can check for visible text' do
+          expect(session).to have_text(:visible, 'Some of this text is')
+          expect(session).not_to have_text(:visible, 'Some of this text is hidden!')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_text? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_text? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).to have_text('No such Text')
+            expect(session).to have_text('No such Text')
           end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "No such Text" in "(.*)This is a test(.*)"/)
         end
 
-        context "with default selector CSS" do
+        context 'with default selector CSS' do
           before { Capybara.default_selector = :css }
-          it "fails if has_text? returns false" do
+
+          after { Capybara.default_selector = :xpath }
+
+          it 'fails if has_text? returns false' do
             expect do
-              expect(page).to have_text('No such Text')
+              expect(session).to have_text('No such Text')
             end.to raise_error(/expected to find text "No such Text" in "(.*)This is a test(.*)"/)
           end
-          after { Capybara.default_selector = :xpath }
         end
       end
 
-      context "with should_not" do
-        it "passes if has_no_text? returns true" do
-          expect(page).not_to have_text('No such Text')
+      context 'with should_not' do
+        it 'passes if has_no_text? returns true' do
+          expect(session).not_to have_text('No such Text')
         end
 
-        it "fails if has_no_text? returns false" do
+        it 'fails if has_no_text? returns false' do
           expect do
-            expect(page).not_to have_text('This is a test')
+            expect(session).not_to have_text('This is a test')
           end.to raise_error(/expected not to find text "This is a test"/)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>And</h2>").to have_text('Text').and have_text('And')
-      expect("<h1>Text</h1><h2>Or</h2>").to have_text('Not here').or have_text('Or')
+    it 'supports compounding' do
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>And</h2>').to have_text('Text').and have_text('And')
+      expect('<h1>Text</h1><h2>Or</h2>').to have_text('Not here').or have_text('Or')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'have_element matcher' do
+    let(:html) { '<img src="/img.jpg" alt="a JPEG"><img src="/img.png" alt="a PNG">' }
+
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_element('img').description).to eq('have visible element "img"')
+    end
+
+    it 'passes if there is such a element' do
+      expect(html).to have_element('img', src: '/img.jpg')
+    end
+
+    it 'fails if there is no such element' do
+      expect do
+        expect(html).to have_element('photo')
+      end.to raise_error(/expected to find element "photo"/)
+    end
+
+    it 'supports compounding' do
+      expect(html).to have_element('img', alt: 'a JPEG').and have_element('img', src: '/img.png')
+      expect(html).to have_element('photo').or have_element('img', src: '/img.jpg')
+      expect(html).to have_no_element('photo').and have_element('img', alt: 'a PNG')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_link matcher" do
+  describe 'have_link matcher' do
     let(:html) { '<a href="#">Just a link</a><a href="#">Another link</a>' }
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_link('Just a link').description).to eq("have visible link \"Just a link\"")
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_link('Just a link').description).to eq('have visible link "Just a link"')
     end
 
-    it "passes if there is such a button" do
+    it 'passes if there is such a link' do
       expect(html).to have_link('Just a link')
     end
 
-    it "fails if there is no such button" do
+    it 'fails if there is no such link' do
       expect do
         expect(html).to have_link('No such Link')
-      end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible link "No such Link"/)
+      end.to raise_error(/expected to find link "No such Link"/)
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_link('Just a link').and have_link('Another link')
       expect(html).to have_link('Not a link').or have_link('Another link')
+      expect(html).to have_no_link('Not a link').and have_link('Another link')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_title matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_title('Just a title').description).to eq("have title \"Just a title\"")
+  describe 'have_title matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_title('Just a title').description).to eq('have title "Just a title"')
     end
 
-    context "on a string" do
+    context 'on a string' do
       let(:html) { '<title>Just a title</title>' }
 
-      it "passes if there is such a title" do
+      it 'passes if there is such a title' do
         expect(html).to have_title('Just a title')
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is no such title" do
+      it 'fails if there is no such title' do
         expect do
           expect(html).to have_title('No such title')
         end.to raise_error('expected "Just a title" to include "No such title"')
@@ -527,403 +576,408 @@ RSpec.shared_examples Capybara::RSpecMatchers do |session, _mode|
       end
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
-      it "passes if there is such a title" do
-        visit('/with_js')
-        expect(page).to have_title('with_js')
+    context 'on a page or node' do
+      it 'passes if there is such a title' do
+        session.visit('/with_js')
+        expect(session).to have_title('with_js')
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is no such title" do
-        visit('/with_js')
+      it 'fails if there is no such title' do
+        session.visit('/with_js')
         expect do
-          expect(page).to have_title('No such title')
-        end.to raise_error('expected "with_js" to include "No such title"')
+          expect(session).to have_title('No such title')
+        end.to raise_error(/ to include "No such title"/)
       end
 
       context 'with wait' do
-        before(:each) do
-          @session = session
-          @session.visit('/with_js')
+        before do
+          session.visit('/with_js')
         end
 
         it 'waits if wait time is more than timeout' do
-          @session.click_link("Change title")
-          using_wait_time 0 do
-            expect(@session).to have_title('changed title', wait: 0.5)
+          session.click_link('Change title')
+          session.using_wait_time 0 do
+            expect(session).to have_title('changed title', wait: 2)
           end
         end
 
         it "doesn't wait if wait time is less than timeout" do
-          @session.click_link("Change title")
-          using_wait_time 3 do
-            expect(@session).not_to have_title('changed title', wait: 0)
+          session.click_link('Change title')
+          session.using_wait_time 3 do
+            expect(session).not_to have_title('changed title', wait: 0)
           end
         end
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
-      expect("<title>I compound</title>").to have_title('I dont compound').or have_title('I compound')
+    it 'supports compounding' do
+      expect('<title>I compound</title>').to have_title('I dont compound').or have_title('I compound')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_current_path matcher" do
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_current_path('http://www.example.com').description).to eq("have current path \"http://www.example.com\"")
+  describe 'have_current_path matcher' do
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_current_path('http://www.example.com').description).to eq('have current path "http://www.example.com"')
     end
 
-    context "on a page or node" do
-      it "passes if there is such a current path" do
-        visit('/with_js')
-        expect(page).to have_current_path('/with_js')
+    context 'on a page or node' do
+      it 'passes if there is such a current path' do
+        session.visit('/with_js')
+        expect(session).to have_current_path('/with_js')
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is no such current_path" do
+      it 'fails if there is no such current_path' do
         visit('/with_js')
         expect do
-          expect(page).to have_current_path('/not_with_js')
-        end.to raise_error('expected "/with_js" to equal "/not_with_js"')
+          expect(session).to have_current_path('/not_with_js')
+        end.to raise_error(%r{to equal "/not_with_js"})
       end
 
       context 'with wait' do
-        before(:each) do
-          @session = session
-          @session.visit('/with_js')
+        before do
+          session.visit('/with_js')
         end
 
         it 'waits if wait time is more than timeout' do
-          @session.click_link("Change page")
-          using_wait_time 0 do
-            expect(@session).to have_current_path('/with_html', wait: 1)
+          session.click_link('Change page')
+          session.using_wait_time 0 do
+            expect(session).to have_current_path('/with_html', wait: 2)
           end
         end
 
         it "doesn't wait if wait time is less than timeout" do
-          @session.click_link("Change page")
-          using_wait_time 0 do
-            expect(@session).not_to have_current_path('/with_html')
+          session.click_link('Change page')
+          session.using_wait_time 0 do
+            expect(session).not_to have_current_path('/with_html')
           end
         end
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
-      visit('/with_html')
-      expect(page).to have_current_path('/not_with_html').or have_current_path('/with_html')
+    it 'supports compounding' do
+      session.visit('/with_html')
+      expect(session).to have_current_path('/not_with_html').or have_current_path('/with_html')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_button matcher" do
+  describe 'have_button matcher' do
     let(:html) { '<button>A button</button><input type="submit" value="Another button"/>' }
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_button('A button').description).to eq("have visible button \"A button\"")
+    it 'gives proper description with no options' do
+      expect(have_button('A button').description).to eq('have visible button "A button" that is not disabled')
     end
 
-    it "passes if there is such a button" do
+    it 'gives proper description with disabled :any option' do
+      expect(have_button('A button', disabled: :all).description).to eq('have visible button "A button"')
+    end
+
+    it 'passes if there is such a button' do
       expect(html).to have_button('A button')
     end
 
-    it "fails if there is no such button" do
+    it 'fails if there is no such button' do
       expect do
         expect(html).to have_button('No such Button')
-      end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible button "No such Button"/)
+      end.to raise_error(/expected to find button "No such Button"/)
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_button('Not this button').or have_button('A button')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_field matcher" do
+  describe 'have_field matcher' do
     let(:html) { '<p><label>Text field<input type="text" value="some value"/></label></p>' }
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_field('Text field').description).to eq("have visible field \"Text field\" that is not disabled")
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_field('Text field').description).to eq('have visible field "Text field" that is not disabled')
     end
 
-    it "gives proper description for a given value" do
-      expect(have_field('Text field', with: 'some value').description).to eq("have visible field \"Text field\" that is not disabled with value \"some value\"")
+    it 'gives proper description for a given value' do
+      expect(have_field('Text field', with: 'some value').description).to eq('have visible field "Text field" that is not disabled with value "some value"')
     end
 
-    it "passes if there is such a field" do
+    it 'passes if there is such a field' do
       expect(html).to have_field('Text field')
     end
 
-    it "passes if there is such a field with value" do
+    it 'passes if there is such a field with value' do
       expect(html).to have_field('Text field', with: 'some value')
     end
 
-    it "fails if there is no such field" do
+    it 'fails if there is no such field' do
       expect do
         expect(html).to have_field('No such Field')
-      end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible field "No such Field"/)
+      end.to raise_error(/expected to find field "No such Field"/)
     end
 
-    it "fails if there is such field but with false value" do
+    it 'fails if there is such field but with false value' do
       expect do
         expect(html).to have_field('Text field', with: 'false value')
       end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible field "Text field"/)
     end
 
-    it "treats a given value as a string" do
-      class Foo
+    it 'treats a given value as a string' do
+      foo = Class.new do
         def to_s
-          "some value"
+          'some value'
         end
       end
-      expect(html).to have_field('Text field', with: Foo.new)
+      expect(html).to have_field('Text field', with: foo.new)
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_field('Not this one').or have_field('Text field')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_checked_field matcher" do
+  describe 'have_checked_field matcher' do
     let(:html) do
       '<label>it is checked<input type="checkbox" checked="checked"/></label>
       <label>unchecked field<input type="checkbox"/></label>'
     end
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_checked_field('it is checked').description).to eq("have visible field \"it is checked\" that is checked and not disabled")
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_checked_field('it is checked').description).to eq('have visible field "it is checked" that is not disabled that is checked')
     end
 
-    context "with should" do
-      it "passes if there is such a field and it is checked" do
+    context 'with should' do
+      it 'passes if there is such a field and it is checked' do
         expect(html).to have_checked_field('it is checked')
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is such a field but it is not checked" do
+      it 'fails if there is such a field but it is not checked' do
         expect do
           expect(html).to have_checked_field('unchecked field')
         end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible field "unchecked field"/)
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is no such field" do
+      it 'fails if there is no such field' do
         expect do
           expect(html).to have_checked_field('no such field')
-        end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible field "no such field"/)
+        end.to raise_error(/expected to find field "no such field"/)
       end
     end
 
-    context "with should not" do
-      it "fails if there is such a field and it is checked" do
+    context 'with should not' do
+      it 'fails if there is such a field and it is checked' do
         expect do
           expect(html).not_to have_checked_field('it is checked')
         end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible field "it is checked"/)
       end
 
-      it "passes if there is such a field but it is not checked" do
+      it 'passes if there is such a field but it is not checked' do
         expect(html).not_to have_checked_field('unchecked field')
       end
 
-      it "passes if there is no such field" do
+      it 'passes if there is no such field' do
         expect(html).not_to have_checked_field('no such field')
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_checked_field('not this one').or have_checked_field('it is checked')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_unchecked_field matcher" do
+  describe 'have_unchecked_field matcher' do
     let(:html) do
       '<label>it is checked<input type="checkbox" checked="checked"/></label>
       <label>unchecked field<input type="checkbox"/></label>'
     end
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_unchecked_field('unchecked field').description).to eq("have visible field \"unchecked field\" that is not checked and not disabled")
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_unchecked_field('unchecked field').description).to eq('have visible field "unchecked field" that is not disabled that is not checked')
     end
 
-    context "with should" do
-      it "passes if there is such a field and it is not checked" do
+    context 'with should' do
+      it 'passes if there is such a field and it is not checked' do
         expect(html).to have_unchecked_field('unchecked field')
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is such a field but it is checked" do
+      it 'fails if there is such a field but it is checked' do
         expect do
           expect(html).to have_unchecked_field('it is checked')
         end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible field "it is checked"/)
       end
 
-      it "fails if there is no such field" do
+      it 'fails if there is no such field' do
         expect do
           expect(html).to have_unchecked_field('no such field')
-        end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible field "no such field"/)
+        end.to raise_error(/expected to find field "no such field"/)
       end
     end
 
-    context "with should not" do
-      it "fails if there is such a field and it is not checked" do
+    context 'with should not' do
+      it 'fails if there is such a field and it is not checked' do
         expect do
           expect(html).not_to have_unchecked_field('unchecked field')
         end.to raise_error(/expected not to find visible field "unchecked field"/)
       end
 
-      it "passes if there is such a field but it is checked" do
+      it 'passes if there is such a field but it is checked' do
         expect(html).not_to have_unchecked_field('it is checked')
       end
 
-      it "passes if there is no such field" do
+      it 'passes if there is no such field' do
         expect(html).not_to have_unchecked_field('no such field')
       end
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_unchecked_field('it is checked').or have_unchecked_field('unchecked field')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_select matcher" do
+  describe 'have_select matcher' do
     let(:html) { '<label>Select Box<select></select></label>' }
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_select('Select Box').description).to eq("have visible select box \"Select Box\" that is not disabled")
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_select('Select Box').description).to eq('have visible select box "Select Box" that is not disabled')
     end
 
-    it "gives proper description for a given selected value" do
+    it 'gives proper description for a given selected value' do
       expect(have_select('Select Box', selected: 'some value').description).to eq('have visible select box "Select Box" that is not disabled with "some value" selected')
     end
 
-    it "passes if there is such a select" do
+    it 'passes if there is such a select' do
       expect(html).to have_select('Select Box')
     end
 
-    it "fails if there is no such select" do
+    it 'fails if there is no such select' do
       expect do
         expect(html).to have_select('No such Select box')
-      end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible select box "No such Select box"/)
+      end.to raise_error(/expected to find select box "No such Select box"/)
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_select('Not this one').or have_select('Select Box')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "have_table matcher" do
+  describe 'have_table matcher' do
     let(:html) { '<table><caption>Lovely table</caption></table>' }
 
-    it "gives proper description" do
-      expect(have_table('Lovely table').description).to eq("have visible table \"Lovely table\"")
+    it 'gives proper description' do
+      expect(have_table('Lovely table').description).to eq('have visible table "Lovely table"')
+      expect(have_table('Lovely table', caption: 'my caption').description).to eq('have visible table "Lovely table" with caption "my caption"')
     end
 
-    it "gives proper description when :visible option passed" do
-      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: true).description).to eq("have visible table \"Lovely table\"")
-      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: :hidden).description).to eq("have non-visible table \"Lovely table\"")
-      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: :all).description).to eq("have table \"Lovely table\"")
-      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: false).description).to eq("have table \"Lovely table\"")
+    it 'gives proper description when :visible option passed' do
+      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: true).description).to eq('have visible table "Lovely table"') # rubocop:disable Capybara/VisibilityMatcher
+      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: :hidden).description).to eq('have non-visible table "Lovely table"')
+      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: :all).description).to eq('have table "Lovely table"')
+      expect(have_table('Lovely table', visible: false).description).to eq('have table "Lovely table"') # rubocop:disable Capybara/VisibilityMatcher
     end
 
-    it "passes if there is such a select" do
+    it 'passes if there is such a table' do
       expect(html).to have_table('Lovely table')
     end
 
-    it "fails if there is no such select" do
+    it 'fails if there is no such table' do
       expect do
         expect(html).to have_table('No such Table')
-      end.to raise_error(/expected to find visible table "No such Table"/)
+      end.to raise_error(/expected to find table "No such Table"/)
     end
 
-    it "supports compounding" do
+    it 'supports compounding' do
       expect(html).to have_table('nope').or have_table('Lovely table')
     end
   end
 
-  context "compounding", requires: [:js] do
-    before(:each) do
-      @session = session
-      @session.visit('/with_js')
-      @el = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me')
+  context 'compounding timing' do
+    let(:session) { session }
+    let(:el) { session.find(:css, '#reload-me') }
+
+    before do
+      session.visit('/with_js')
     end
 
-    context "#and" do
+    describe '#and' do
       it "should run 'concurrently'" do
-        Capybara.using_wait_time(2) do
+        session.using_wait_time(2) do
           matcher = have_text('this is not there').and have_text('neither is this')
           expect(Benchmark.realtime do
             expect do
-              expect(@el).to matcher
+              expect(el).to matcher
             end.to raise_error RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError
           end).to be_between(2, 3)
         end
       end
 
       it "should run 'concurrently' and retry" do
-        @session.click_link('reload-link')
-        @session.using_wait_time(2) do
+        session.click_link('reload-link')
+        session.using_wait_time(2) do
           expect(Benchmark.realtime do
             expect do
-              expect(@el).to have_text('waiting to be reloaded').and(have_text('has been reloaded'))
+              expect(el).to have_text('waiting to be reloaded').and(have_text('has been reloaded'))
             end.to raise_error RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError, /expected to find text "waiting to be reloaded" in "has been reloaded"/
           end).to be_between(2, 3)
         end
       end
 
-      it "should ignore :wait options" do
-        @session.using_wait_time(2) do
+      it 'should ignore :wait options' do
+        session.using_wait_time(2) do
           matcher = have_text('this is not there', wait: 5).and have_text('neither is this', wait: 6)
           expect(Benchmark.realtime do
             expect do
-              expect(@el).to matcher
+              expect(el).to matcher
             end.to raise_error RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError
           end).to be_between(2, 3)
         end
       end
 
-      it "should work on the session" do
-        @session.using_wait_time(2) do
-          @session.click_link('reload-link')
-          expect(@session).to have_selector(:css, 'h1', text: 'FooBar').and have_text('has been reloaded')
+      it 'should work on the session' do
+        session.using_wait_time(2) do
+          session.click_link('reload-link')
+          expect(session).to have_selector(:css, 'h1', text: 'FooBar').and have_text('has been reloaded')
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "#and_then" do
-      it "should run sequentially" do
-        @session.click_link('reload-link')
-        expect(@el).to have_text('waiting to be reloaded').and_then have_text('has been reloaded')
+    describe '#and_then' do
+      it 'should run sequentially' do
+        session.click_link('reload-link')
+        expect(el).to have_text('waiting to be reloaded').and_then have_text('has been reloaded')
       end
     end
 
-    context "#or" do
+    describe '#or' do
       it "should run 'concurrently'" do
-        @session.using_wait_time(3) do
+        session.using_wait_time(3) do
           expect(Benchmark.realtime do
-            expect(@el).to have_text('has been reloaded').or have_text('waiting to be reloaded')
+            expect(el).to have_text('has been reloaded').or have_text('waiting to be reloaded')
           end).to be < 1
         end
       end
 
-      it "should retry" do
-        @session.using_wait_time(3) do
+      it 'should retry' do
+        session.using_wait_time(3) do
           expect(Benchmark.realtime do
             expect do
-              expect(@el).to have_text('has been reloaded').or have_text('random stuff')
+              expect(el).to have_text('has been reloaded').or have_text('random stuff')
             end.to raise_error RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError
           end).to be > 3
         end
       end
 
-      it "should ignore :wait options" do
-        @session.using_wait_time(2) do
+      it 'should ignore :wait options' do
+        session.using_wait_time(2) do
           expect(Benchmark.realtime do
             expect do
-              expect(@el).to have_text('this is not there', wait: 10).or have_text('neither is this', wait: 15)
+              expect(el).to have_text('this is not there', wait: 10).or have_text('neither is this', wait: 15)
             end.to raise_error RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError
           end).to be_between(2, 3)
         end
       end
 
-      it "should work on the session" do
-        @session.using_wait_time(2) do
-          @session.click_link('reload-link')
-          expect(@session).to have_selector(:css, 'h1', text: 'Not on the page').or have_text('has been reloaded')
+      it 'should work on the session' do
+        session.using_wait_time(2) do
+          session.click_link('reload-link')
+          expect(session).to have_selector(:css, 'h1', text: 'Not on the page').or have_text('has been reloaded')
         end
       end
     end
   end
 end
+# rubocop:enable RSpec/ExpectActual