activerecord 7.0.0 → 7.1.0

data/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,49 @@
 require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
 
 module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record \Calculations
   module Calculations
+    class ColumnAliasTracker # :nodoc:
+      def initialize(connection)
+        @connection = connection
+        @aliases = Hash.new(0)
+      end
+
+      def alias_for(field)
+        aliased_name = column_alias_for(field)
+
+        if @aliases[aliased_name] == 0
+          @aliases[aliased_name] = 1
+          aliased_name
+        else
+          # Update the count
+          count = @aliases[aliased_name] += 1
+          "#{truncate(aliased_name)}_#{count}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        # Converts the given field to the value that the database adapter returns as
+        # a usable column name:
+        #
+        #   column_alias_for("users.id")                 # => "users_id"
+        #   column_alias_for("sum(id)")                  # => "sum_id"
+        #   column_alias_for("count(distinct users.id)") # => "count_distinct_users_id"
+        #   column_alias_for("count(*)")                 # => "count_all"
+        def column_alias_for(field)
+          column_alias = +field
+          column_alias.gsub!(/\*/, "all")
+          column_alias.gsub!(/\W+/, " ")
+          column_alias.strip!
+          column_alias.gsub!(/ +/, "_")
+          @connection.table_alias_for(column_alias)
+        end
+
+        def truncate(name)
+          name.slice(0, @connection.table_alias_length - 2)
+        end
+    end
+
     # Count the records.
     #
     #   Person.count
@@ -30,8 +72,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # of each key would be the #count.
     #
     #   Article.group(:status, :category).count
-    #   # =>  {["draft", "business"]=>10, ["draft", "technology"]=>4,
-    #   #      ["published", "business"]=>0, ["published", "technology"]=>2}
+    #   # =>  {["draft", "business"]=>10, ["draft", "technology"]=>4, ["published", "technology"]=>2}
     #
     # If #count is used with {Relation#select}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#select], it will count the selected columns:
     #
@@ -52,6 +93,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
     end
 
+    # Same as <tt>#count</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_count(column_name = nil)
+      async.count(column_name)
+    end
+
     # Calculates the average value on a given column. Returns +nil+ if there's
     # no row. See #calculate for examples with options.
     #
@@ -60,6 +106,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       calculate(:average, column_name)
     end
 
+    # Same as <tt>#average</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_average(column_name)
+      async.average(column_name)
+    end
+
     # Calculates the minimum value on a given column. The value is returned
     # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See
     # #calculate for examples with options.
@@ -69,6 +120,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       calculate(:minimum, column_name)
     end
 
+    # Same as <tt>#minimum</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_minimum(column_name)
+      async.minimum(column_name)
+    end
+
     # Calculates the maximum value on a given column. The value is returned
     # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See
     # #calculate for examples with options.
@@ -78,32 +134,29 @@ module ActiveRecord
       calculate(:maximum, column_name)
     end
 
+    # Same as <tt>#maximum</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_maximum(column_name)
+      async.maximum(column_name)
+    end
+
     # Calculates the sum of values on a given column. The value is returned
     # with the same data type of the column, +0+ if there's no row. See
     # #calculate for examples with options.
     #
     #   Person.sum(:age) # => 4562
-    def sum(identity_or_column = nil, &block)
+    def sum(initial_value_or_column = 0, &block)
       if block_given?
-        values = map(&block)
-        if identity_or_column.nil? && (values.first.is_a?(Numeric) || values.first(1) == [])
-          identity_or_column = 0
-        end
-
-        if identity_or_column.nil?
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-            Rails 7.0 has deprecated Enumerable.sum in favor of Ruby's native implementation available since 2.4.
-            Sum of non-numeric elements requires an initial argument.
-          MSG
-          values.inject(:+) || 0
-        else
-          values.sum(identity_or_column)
-        end
+        map(&block).sum(initial_value_or_column)
       else
-        calculate(:sum, identity_or_column)
+        calculate(:sum, initial_value_or_column)
       end
     end
 
+    # Same as <tt>#sum</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_sum(identity_or_column = nil)
+      async.sum(identity_or_column)
+    end
+
     # This calculates aggregate values in the given column. Methods for #count, #sum, #average,
     # #minimum, and #maximum have been added as shortcuts.
     #
@@ -136,10 +189,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #        ...
     #      end
     def calculate(operation, column_name)
+      operation = operation.to_s.downcase
+
+      if @none
+        case operation
+        when "count", "sum"
+          result = group_values.any? ? Hash.new : 0
+          return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result
+        when "average", "minimum", "maximum"
+          result = group_values.any? ? Hash.new : nil
+          return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result
+        end
+      end
+
       if has_include?(column_name)
         relation = apply_join_dependency
 
-        if operation.to_s.downcase == "count"
+        if operation == "count"
           unless distinct_value || distinct_select?(column_name || select_for_count)
             relation.distinct!
             relation.select_values = [ klass.primary_key || table[Arel.star] ]
@@ -155,7 +221,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     # Use #pluck as a shortcut to select one or more attributes without
-    # loading a bunch of records just to grab the attributes you want.
+    # loading an entire record object per row.
     #
     #   Person.pluck(:name)
     #
@@ -188,31 +254,44 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   # => ['0', '27761', '173']
     #
     # See also #ids.
-    #
     def pluck(*column_names)
+      return [] if @none
+
       if loaded? && all_attributes?(column_names)
-        return records.pluck(*column_names)
+        result = records.pluck(*column_names)
+        if @async
+          return Promise::Complete.new(result)
+        else
+          return result
+        end
       end
 
       if has_include?(column_names.first)
         relation = apply_join_dependency
         relation.pluck(*column_names)
       else
-        klass.disallow_raw_sql!(column_names)
+        klass.disallow_raw_sql!(column_names.flatten)
         columns = arel_columns(column_names)
         relation = spawn
         relation.select_values = columns
         result = skip_query_cache_if_necessary do
           if where_clause.contradiction?
-            ActiveRecord::Result.empty
+            ActiveRecord::Result.empty(async: @async)
           else
-            klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, "#{klass.name} Pluck")
+            klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, "#{klass.name} Pluck", async: @async)
           end
         end
-        type_cast_pluck_values(result, columns)
+        result.then do |result|
+          type_cast_pluck_values(result, columns)
+        end
       end
     end
 
+    # Same as <tt>#pluck</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_pluck(*column_names)
+      async.pluck(*column_names)
+    end
+
     # Pick the value(s) from the named column(s) in the current relation.
     # This is short-hand for <tt>relation.limit(1).pluck(*column_names).first</tt>, and is primarily useful
     # when you have a relation that's already narrowed down to a single row.
@@ -229,18 +308,59 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   # => [ 'David', 'david@loudthinking.com' ]
     def pick(*column_names)
       if loaded? && all_attributes?(column_names)
-        return records.pick(*column_names)
+        result = records.pick(*column_names)
+        return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result
       end
 
-      limit(1).pluck(*column_names).first
+      limit(1).pluck(*column_names).then(&:first)
+    end
+
+    # Same as <tt>#pick</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_pick(*column_names)
+      async.pick(*column_names)
     end
 
-    # Pluck all the ID's for the relation using the table's primary key
+    # Returns the base model's ID's for the relation using the table's primary key
     #
     #   Person.ids # SELECT people.id FROM people
-    #   Person.joins(:companies).ids # SELECT people.id FROM people INNER JOIN companies ON companies.person_id = people.id
+    #   Person.joins(:companies).ids # SELECT people.id FROM people INNER JOIN companies ON companies.id = people.company_id
     def ids
-      pluck primary_key
+      primary_key_array = Array(primary_key)
+
+      if loaded?
+        result = records.map do |record|
+          if primary_key_array.one?
+            record._read_attribute(primary_key_array.first)
+          else
+            primary_key_array.map { |column| record._read_attribute(column) }
+          end
+        end
+        return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result
+      end
+
+      if has_include?(primary_key)
+        relation = apply_join_dependency.group(*primary_key_array)
+        return relation.ids
+      end
+
+      columns = arel_columns(primary_key_array)
+      relation = spawn
+      relation.select_values = columns
+
+      result = if relation.where_clause.contradiction?
+        ActiveRecord::Result.empty
+      else
+        skip_query_cache_if_necessary do
+          klass.connection.select_all(relation, "#{klass.name} Ids", async: @async)
+        end
+      end
+
+      result.then { |result| type_cast_pluck_values(result, columns) }
+    end
+
+    # Same as <tt>#ids</tt> but perform the query asynchronously and returns an ActiveRecord::Promise.
+    def async_ids
+      async.ids
     end
 
     private
@@ -300,6 +420,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           # Shortcut when limit is zero.
           return 0 if limit_value == 0
 
+          relation = self
           query_builder = build_count_subquery(spawn, column_name, distinct)
         else
           # PostgreSQL doesn't like ORDER BY when there are no GROUP BY
@@ -314,15 +435,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
           query_builder = relation.arel
         end
 
-        result = skip_query_cache_if_necessary { @klass.connection.select_all(query_builder, "#{@klass.name} #{operation.capitalize}") }
-
-        if operation != "count"
-          type = column.try(:type_caster) ||
-            lookup_cast_type_from_join_dependencies(column_name.to_s) || Type.default_value
-          type = type.subtype if Enum::EnumType === type
+        query_result = if relation.where_clause.contradiction?
+          ActiveRecord::Result.empty
+        else
+          skip_query_cache_if_necessary do
+            @klass.connection.select_all(query_builder, "#{@klass.name} #{operation.capitalize}", async: @async)
+          end
         end
 
-        type_cast_calculated_value(result.cast_values.first, operation, type)
+        query_result.then do |result|
+          if operation != "count"
+            type = column.try(:type_caster) ||
+              lookup_cast_type_from_join_dependencies(column_name.to_s) || Type.default_value
+            type = type.subtype if Enum::EnumType === type
+          end
+
+          type_cast_calculated_value(result.cast_values.first, operation, type)
+        end
       end
 
       def execute_grouped_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct) # :nodoc:
@@ -336,21 +465,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
         group_fields = arel_columns(group_fields)
 
+        column_alias_tracker = ColumnAliasTracker.new(connection)
+
         group_aliases = group_fields.map { |field|
           field = connection.visitor.compile(field) if Arel.arel_node?(field)
-          column_alias_for(field.to_s.downcase)
+          column_alias_tracker.alias_for(field.to_s.downcase)
         }
         group_columns = group_aliases.zip(group_fields)
 
         column = aggregate_column(column_name)
-        column_alias = column_alias_for("#{operation} #{column_name.to_s.downcase}")
+        column_alias = column_alias_tracker.alias_for("#{operation} #{column_name.to_s.downcase}")
         select_value = operation_over_aggregate_column(column, operation, distinct)
-        select_value.as(column_alias)
+        select_value.as(connection.quote_column_name(column_alias))
 
         select_values = [select_value]
         select_values += self.select_values unless having_clause.empty?
 
         select_values.concat group_columns.map { |aliaz, field|
+          aliaz = connection.quote_column_name(aliaz)
           if field.respond_to?(:as)
             field.as(aliaz)
           else
@@ -362,58 +494,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
         relation.group_values  = group_fields
         relation.select_values = select_values
 
-        calculated_data = skip_query_cache_if_necessary { @klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, "#{@klass.name} #{operation.capitalize}") }
-
-        if association
-          key_ids     = calculated_data.collect { |row| row[group_aliases.first] }
-          key_records = association.klass.base_class.where(association.klass.base_class.primary_key => key_ids)
-          key_records = key_records.index_by(&:id)
-        end
+        result = skip_query_cache_if_necessary { @klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, "#{@klass.name} #{operation.capitalize}", async: @async) }
+        result.then do |calculated_data|
+          if association
+            key_ids     = calculated_data.collect { |row| row[group_aliases.first] }
+            key_records = association.klass.base_class.where(association.klass.base_class.primary_key => key_ids)
+            key_records = key_records.index_by(&:id)
+          end
 
-        key_types = group_columns.each_with_object({}) do |(aliaz, col_name), types|
-          types[aliaz] = type_for(col_name) do
-            calculated_data.column_types.fetch(aliaz, Type.default_value)
+          key_types = group_columns.each_with_object({}) do |(aliaz, col_name), types|
+            types[aliaz] = col_name.try(:type_caster) ||
+              type_for(col_name) do
+                calculated_data.column_types.fetch(aliaz, Type.default_value)
+              end
           end
-        end
 
-        hash_rows = calculated_data.cast_values(key_types).map! do |row|
-          calculated_data.columns.each_with_object({}).with_index do |(col_name, hash), i|
-            hash[col_name] = row[i]
+          hash_rows = calculated_data.cast_values(key_types).map! do |row|
+            calculated_data.columns.each_with_object({}).with_index do |(col_name, hash), i|
+              hash[col_name] = row[i]
+            end
           end
-        end
 
-        if operation != "count"
-          type = column.try(:type_caster) ||
-            lookup_cast_type_from_join_dependencies(column_name.to_s) || Type.default_value
-          type = type.subtype if Enum::EnumType === type
-        end
+          if operation != "count"
+            type = column.try(:type_caster) ||
+              lookup_cast_type_from_join_dependencies(column_name.to_s) || Type.default_value
+            type = type.subtype if Enum::EnumType === type
+          end
 
-        hash_rows.each_with_object({}) do |row, result|
-          key = group_aliases.map { |aliaz| row[aliaz] }
-          key = key.first if key.size == 1
-          key = key_records[key] if associated
+          hash_rows.each_with_object({}) do |row, result|
+            key = group_aliases.map { |aliaz| row[aliaz] }
+            key = key.first if key.size == 1
+            key = key_records[key] if associated
 
-          result[key] = type_cast_calculated_value(row[column_alias], operation, type)
+            result[key] = type_cast_calculated_value(row[column_alias], operation, type)
+          end
         end
       end
 
-      # Converts the given field to the value that the database adapter returns as
-      # a usable column name:
-      #
-      #   column_alias_for("users.id")                 # => "users_id"
-      #   column_alias_for("sum(id)")                  # => "sum_id"
-      #   column_alias_for("count(distinct users.id)") # => "count_distinct_users_id"
-      #   column_alias_for("count(*)")                 # => "count_all"
-      def column_alias_for(field)
-        column_alias = +field
-        column_alias.gsub!(/\*/, "all")
-        column_alias.gsub!(/\W+/, " ")
-        column_alias.strip!
-        column_alias.gsub!(/ +/, "_")
-
-        connection.table_alias_for(column_alias)
-      end
-
       def type_for(field, &block)
         field_name = field.respond_to?(:name) ? field.name.to_s : field.to_s.split(".").last
         @klass.type_for_attribute(field_name, &block)

data/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb

@@ -5,6 +5,23 @@ require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Delegation # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      def delegated_classes
+        [
+          ActiveRecord::Relation,
+          ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy,
+          ActiveRecord::AssociationRelation,
+          ActiveRecord::DisableJoinsAssociationRelation,
+        ]
+      end
+
+      def uncacheable_methods
+        @uncacheable_methods ||= (
+          delegated_classes.flat_map(&:public_instance_methods) - ActiveRecord::Relation.public_instance_methods
+        ).to_set.freeze
+      end
+    end
+
     module DelegateCache # :nodoc:
       def relation_delegate_class(klass)
         @relation_delegate_cache[klass]
@@ -12,12 +29,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def initialize_relation_delegate_cache
         @relation_delegate_cache = cache = {}
-        [
-          ActiveRecord::Relation,
-          ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy,
-          ActiveRecord::AssociationRelation,
-          ActiveRecord::DisableJoinsAssociationRelation
-        ].each do |klass|
+        Delegation.delegated_classes.each do |klass|
           delegate = Class.new(klass) {
             include ClassSpecificRelation
           }
@@ -85,9 +97,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # may vary depending on the klass of a relation, so we create a subclass of Relation
     # for each different klass, and the delegations are compiled into that subclass only.
 
-    delegate :to_xml, :encode_with, :length, :each, :join,
+    delegate :to_xml, :encode_with, :length, :each, :join, :intersect?,
              :[], :&, :|, :+, :-, :sample, :reverse, :rotate, :compact, :in_groups, :in_groups_of,
-             :to_sentence, :to_formatted_s, :as_json,
+             :to_sentence, :to_fs, :to_formatted_s, :as_json,
              :shuffle, :split, :slice, :index, :rindex, to: :records
 
     delegate :primary_key, :connection, to: :klass
@@ -104,7 +116,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       private
         def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
           if @klass.respond_to?(method)
-            @klass.generate_relation_method(method)
+            unless Delegation.uncacheable_methods.include?(method)
+              @klass.generate_relation_method(method)
+            end
             scoping { @klass.public_send(method, *args, &block) }
           else
             super

data/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
   module FinderMethods
     ONE_AS_ONE = "1 AS one"
 
-    # Find by id - This can either be a specific id (1), a list of ids (1, 5, 6), or an array of ids ([5, 6, 10]).
+    # Find by id - This can either be a specific id (ID), a list of ids (ID, ID, ID), or an array of ids ([ID, ID, ID]).
+    # `ID` refers to an "identifier". For models with a single-column primary key, `ID` will be a single value,
+    # and for models with a composite primary key, it will be an array of values.
     # If one or more records cannot be found for the requested ids, then ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound will be raised.
     # If the primary key is an integer, find by id coerces its arguments by using +to_i+.
     #
@@ -14,10 +16,31 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   Person.find("1")        # returns the object for ID = 1
     #   Person.find("31-sarah") # returns the object for ID = 31
     #   Person.find(1, 2, 6)    # returns an array for objects with IDs in (1, 2, 6)
-    #   Person.find([7, 17])    # returns an array for objects with IDs in (7, 17)
+    #   Person.find([7, 17])    # returns an array for objects with IDs in (7, 17), or with composite primary key [7, 17]
     #   Person.find([1])        # returns an array for the object with ID = 1
     #   Person.where("administrator = 1").order("created_on DESC").find(1)
     #
+    # ==== Find a record for a composite primary key model
+    #   TravelRoute.primary_key = [:origin, :destination]
+    #
+    #   TravelRoute.find(["Ottawa", "London"])
+    #   => #<TravelRoute origin: "Ottawa", destination: "London">
+    #
+    #   TravelRoute.find([["Paris", "Montreal"]])
+    #   => [#<TravelRoute origin: "Paris", destination: "Montreal">]
+    #
+    #   TravelRoute.find(["New York", "Las Vegas"], ["New York", "Portland"])
+    #   => [
+    #        #<TravelRoute origin: "New York", destination: "Las Vegas">,
+    #        #<TravelRoute origin: "New York", destination: "Portland">
+    #      ]
+    #
+    #   TravelRoute.find([["Berlin", "London"], ["Barcelona", "Lisbon"]])
+    #   => [
+    #        #<TravelRoute origin: "Berlin", destination: "London">,
+    #        #<TravelRoute origin: "Barcelona", destination: "Lisbon">
+    #      ]
+    #
     # NOTE: The returned records are in the same order as the ids you provide.
     # If you want the results to be sorted by database, you can use ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#where
     # method and provide an explicit ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#order option.
@@ -324,6 +347,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   Person.exists?
     #   Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).exists?
     def exists?(conditions = :none)
+      return false if @none
+
       if Base === conditions
         raise ArgumentError, <<-MSG.squish
           You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `exists?`.
@@ -350,10 +375,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # compared to the records in memory. If the relation is unloaded, an
     # efficient existence query is performed, as in #exists?.
     def include?(record)
+      # The existing implementation relies on receiving an Active Record instance as the input parameter named record.
+      # Any non-Active Record object passed to this implementation is guaranteed to return `false`.
+      return false unless record.is_a?(klass)
+
       if loaded? || offset_value || limit_value || having_clause.any?
         records.include?(record)
       else
-        record.is_a?(klass) && exists?(record.id)
+        id = if record.class.composite_primary_key?
+          record.class.primary_key.zip(record.id).to_h
+        else
+          record.id
+        end
+
+        exists?(id)
       end
     end
 
@@ -442,10 +477,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def find_with_ids(*ids)
         raise UnknownPrimaryKey.new(@klass) if primary_key.nil?
 
-        expects_array = ids.first.kind_of?(Array)
+        expects_array = if klass.composite_primary_key?
+          ids.first.first.is_a?(Array)
+        else
+          ids.first.is_a?(Array)
+        end
+
         return [] if expects_array && ids.first.empty?
 
-        ids = ids.flatten.compact.uniq
+        ids = ids.first if expects_array
+
+        ids = ids.compact.uniq
 
         model_name = @klass.name
 
@@ -469,7 +511,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
           MSG
         end
 
-        relation = where(primary_key => id)
+        relation = if klass.composite_primary_key?
+          where(primary_key.zip(id).to_h)
+        else
+          where(primary_key => id)
+        end
+
         record = relation.take
 
         raise_record_not_found_exception!(id, 0, 1) unless record
@@ -480,7 +527,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def find_some(ids)
         return find_some_ordered(ids) unless order_values.present?
 
-        result = where(primary_key => ids).to_a
+        relation = where(primary_key => ids)
+        relation = relation.select(table[primary_key]) unless select_values.empty?
+        result = relation.to_a
 
         expected_size =
           if limit_value && ids.size > limit_value
@@ -504,7 +553,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def find_some_ordered(ids)
         ids = ids.slice(offset_value || 0, limit_value || ids.size) || []
 
-        result = except(:limit, :offset).where(primary_key => ids).records
+        relation = except(:limit, :offset)
+        relation = relation.where(primary_key => ids)
+        relation = relation.select(table[primary_key]) unless select_values.empty?
+        result = relation.records
 
         if result.size == ids.size
           result.in_order_of(:id, ids.map { |id| @klass.type_for_attribute(primary_key).cast(id) })
@@ -559,10 +611,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         else
           relation = ordered_relation
 
-          if equal?(relation) || has_limit_or_offset?
+          if relation.order_values.empty? || relation.has_limit_or_offset?
             relation.records[-index]
           else
-            relation.last(index)[-index]
+            relation.reverse_order.offset(index - 1).first
           end
         end
       end
@@ -572,15 +624,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def ordered_relation
-        if order_values.empty? && (implicit_order_column || primary_key)
-          if implicit_order_column && primary_key && implicit_order_column != primary_key
-            order(table[implicit_order_column].asc, table[primary_key].asc)
-          else
-            order(table[implicit_order_column || primary_key].asc)
-          end
+        if order_values.empty? && (implicit_order_column || !query_constraints_list.nil? || primary_key)
+          order(_order_columns.map { |column| table[column].asc })
         else
           self
         end
       end
+
+      def _order_columns
+        oc = []
+
+        oc << implicit_order_column if implicit_order_column
+        oc << query_constraints_list if query_constraints_list
+
+        if primary_key && query_constraints_list.nil?
+          oc << primary_key
+        end
+
+        oc.flatten.uniq.compact
+      end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb

@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
+        relation.none! if other.null_relation?
+
         merge_select_values
         merge_multi_values
         merge_single_values