activerecord 6.1.7 → 7.2.0

data/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb

@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Locking
-    # == What is Optimistic Locking
+    # == What is \Optimistic \Locking
     #
     # Optimistic locking allows multiple users to access the same record for edits, and assumes a minimum of
     # conflicts with the data. It does this by checking whether another process has made changes to a record since
-    # it was opened, an <tt>ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError</tt> exception is thrown if that has occurred
+    # it was opened, an ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError exception is thrown if that has occurred
     # and the update is ignored.
     #
-    # Check out <tt>ActiveRecord::Locking::Pessimistic</tt> for an alternative.
+    # Check out +ActiveRecord::Locking::Pessimistic+ for an alternative.
     #
     # == Usage
     #
     # Active Record supports optimistic locking if the +lock_version+ field is present. Each update to the
-    # record increments the +lock_version+ column and the locking facilities ensure that records instantiated twice
+    # record increments the integer column +lock_version+ and the locking facilities ensure that records instantiated twice
     # will let the last one saved raise a +StaleObjectError+ if the first was also updated. Example:
     #
     #   p1 = Person.find(1)
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         class_attribute :lock_optimistically, instance_writer: false, default: true
       end
 
-      def locking_enabled? #:nodoc:
+      def locking_enabled? # :nodoc:
         self.class.locking_enabled?
       end
 
-      def increment!(*, **) #:nodoc:
+      def increment!(*, **) # :nodoc:
         super.tap do
           if locking_enabled?
             self[self.class.locking_column] += 1
@@ -69,6 +69,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
+      def initialize_dup(other) # :nodoc:
+        super
+        _clear_locking_column if locking_enabled?
+      end
+
       private
         def _create_record(attribute_names = self.attribute_names)
           if locking_enabled?
@@ -90,7 +95,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
           begin
             locking_column = self.class.locking_column
             lock_attribute_was = @attributes[locking_column]
-            lock_value_for_database = _lock_value_for_database(locking_column)
+
+            update_constraints = _query_constraints_hash
 
             attribute_names = attribute_names.dup if attribute_names.frozen?
             attribute_names << locking_column
@@ -99,8 +105,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
             affected_rows = self.class._update_record(
               attributes_with_values(attribute_names),
-              @primary_key => id_in_database,
-              locking_column => lock_value_for_database
+              update_constraints
             )
 
             if affected_rows != 1
@@ -117,16 +122,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def destroy_row
-          return super unless locking_enabled?
-
-          locking_column = self.class.locking_column
-
-          affected_rows = self.class._delete_record(
-            @primary_key => id_in_database,
-            locking_column => _lock_value_for_database(locking_column)
-          )
+          affected_rows = super
 
-          if affected_rows != 1
+          if locking_enabled? && affected_rows != 1
             raise ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError.new(self, "destroy")
           end
 
@@ -141,6 +139,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
+        def _clear_locking_column
+          self[self.class.locking_column] = nil
+          clear_attribute_change(self.class.locking_column)
+        end
+
+        def _query_constraints_hash
+          return super unless locking_enabled?
+
+          locking_column = self.class.locking_column
+          super.merge(locking_column => _lock_value_for_database(locking_column))
+        end
+
         module ClassMethods
           DEFAULT_LOCKING_COLUMN = "lock_version"
 
@@ -158,10 +168,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           # The version column used for optimistic locking. Defaults to +lock_version+.
-          def locking_column
-            @locking_column = DEFAULT_LOCKING_COLUMN unless defined?(@locking_column)
-            @locking_column
-          end
+          attr_reader :locking_column
 
           # Reset the column used for optimistic locking back to the +lock_version+ default.
           def reset_locking_column
@@ -175,12 +182,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
             super
           end
 
-          def define_attribute(name, cast_type, **) # :nodoc:
-            if lock_optimistically && name == locking_column
-              cast_type = LockingType.new(cast_type)
+          private
+            def hook_attribute_type(name, cast_type)
+              if lock_optimistically && name == locking_column
+                cast_type = LockingType.new(cast_type)
+              end
+
+              super
+            end
+
+            def inherited(base)
+              super
+              base.class_eval do
+                @locking_column = DEFAULT_LOCKING_COLUMN
+              end
             end
-            super
-          end
         end
     end
 

data/lib/active_record/locking/pessimistic.rb

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Locking
+    # = \Pessimistic \Locking
+    #
     # Locking::Pessimistic provides support for row-level locking using
     # SELECT ... FOR UPDATE and other lock types.
     #
-    # Chain <tt>ActiveRecord::Base#find</tt> to <tt>ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#lock</tt> to obtain an exclusive
+    # Chain <tt>ActiveRecord::Base#find</tt> to ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#lock to obtain an exclusive
     # lock on the selected rows:
     #   # select * from accounts where id=1 for update
     #   Account.lock.find(1)
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               Locking a record with unpersisted changes is not supported. Use
               `save` to persist the changes, or `reload` to discard them
               explicitly.
+              Changed attributes: #{changed.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}.
             MSG
           end
 
@@ -79,11 +82,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
         self
       end
 
-      # Wraps the passed block in a transaction, locking the object
-      # before yielding. You can pass the SQL locking clause
-      # as argument (see <tt>lock!</tt>).
-      def with_lock(lock = true)
-        transaction do
+      # Wraps the passed block in a transaction, reloading the object with a
+      # lock before yielding. You can pass the SQL locking clause
+      # as an optional argument (see #lock!).
+      #
+      # You can also pass options like <tt>requires_new:</tt>, <tt>isolation:</tt>,
+      # and <tt>joinable:</tt> to the wrapping transaction (see
+      # ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseStatements#transaction).
+      def with_lock(*args)
+        transaction_opts = args.extract_options!
+        lock = args.present? ? args.first : true
+        transaction(**transaction_opts) do
           lock!(lock)
           yield
         end

data/lib/active_record/log_subscriber.rb

@@ -6,38 +6,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
     class_attribute :backtrace_cleaner, default: ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner.new
 
-    def self.runtime=(value)
-      ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.sql_runtime = value
-    end
-
-    def self.runtime
-      ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.sql_runtime ||= 0
-    end
-
-    def self.reset_runtime
-      rt, self.runtime = runtime, 0
-      rt
-    end
-
     def strict_loading_violation(event)
       debug do
         owner = event.payload[:owner]
-        association = event.payload[:reflection].klass
-        name = event.payload[:reflection].name
-
-        color("Strict loading violation: #{owner} is marked for strict loading. The #{association} association named :#{name} cannot be lazily loaded.", RED)
+        reflection = event.payload[:reflection]
+        color(reflection.strict_loading_violation_message(owner), RED)
       end
     end
+    subscribe_log_level :strict_loading_violation, :debug
 
     def sql(event)
-      self.class.runtime += event.duration
-      return unless logger.debug?
-
       payload = event.payload
 
       return if IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES.include?(payload[:name])
 
-      name  = "#{payload[:name]} (#{event.duration.round(1)}ms)"
+      name = if payload[:async]
+        "ASYNC #{payload[:name]} (#{payload[:lock_wait].round(1)}ms) (db time #{event.duration.round(1)}ms)"
+      else
+        "#{payload[:name]} (#{event.duration.round(1)}ms)"
+      end
       name  = "CACHE #{name}" if payload[:cached]
       sql   = payload[:sql]
       binds = nil
@@ -47,17 +34,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         binds = []
         payload[:binds].each_with_index do |attr, i|
-          binds << render_bind(attr, casted_params[i])
+          attribute_name = if attr.respond_to?(:name)
+            attr.name
+          elsif attr.respond_to?(:[]) && attr[i].respond_to?(:name)
+            attr[i].name
+          else
+            nil
+          end
+
+          filtered_params = filter(attribute_name, casted_params[i])
+
+          binds << render_bind(attr, filtered_params)
         end
         binds = binds.inspect
         binds.prepend("  ")
       end
 
       name = colorize_payload_name(name, payload[:name])
-      sql  = color(sql, sql_color(sql), true) if colorize_logging
+      sql  = color(sql, sql_color(sql), bold: true) if colorize_logging
 
       debug "  #{name}  #{sql}#{binds}"
     end
+    subscribe_log_level :sql, :debug
 
     private
       def type_casted_binds(casted_binds)
@@ -81,9 +79,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def colorize_payload_name(name, payload_name)
         if payload_name.blank? || payload_name == "SQL" # SQL vs Model Load/Exists
-          color(name, MAGENTA, true)
+          color(name, MAGENTA, bold: true)
         else
-          color(name, CYAN, true)
+          color(name, CYAN, bold: true)
         end
       end
 
@@ -115,21 +113,35 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def debug(progname = nil, &block)
         return unless super
 
-        if ActiveRecord::Base.verbose_query_logs
+        if ActiveRecord.verbose_query_logs
           log_query_source
         end
       end
 
       def log_query_source
-        source = extract_query_source_location(caller)
+        source = query_source_location
 
         if source
           logger.debug("  ↳ #{source}")
         end
       end
 
-      def extract_query_source_location(locations)
-        backtrace_cleaner.clean(locations.lazy).first
+      if Thread.respond_to?(:each_caller_location)
+        def query_source_location
+          Thread.each_caller_location do |location|
+            frame = backtrace_cleaner.clean_frame(location)
+            return frame if frame
+          end
+          nil
+        end
+      else
+        def query_source_location
+          backtrace_cleaner.clean(caller(1).lazy).first
+        end
+      end
+
+      def filter(name, value)
+        ActiveRecord::Base.inspection_filter.filter_param(name, value)
       end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/marshalling.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Marshalling
+    @format_version = 6.1
+
+    class << self
+      attr_reader :format_version
+
+      def format_version=(version)
+        case version
+        when 6.1
+          Methods.remove_method(:marshal_dump) if Methods.method_defined?(:marshal_dump)
+        when 7.1
+          Methods.alias_method(:marshal_dump, :_marshal_dump_7_1)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "Unknown marshalling format: #{version.inspect}"
+        end
+        @format_version = version
+      end
+    end
+
+    module Methods
+      def _marshal_dump_7_1
+        payload = [attributes_for_database, new_record?]
+
+        cached_associations = self.class.reflect_on_all_associations.select do |reflection|
+          association_cached?(reflection.name) && association(reflection.name).loaded?
+        end
+
+        unless cached_associations.empty?
+          payload << cached_associations.map do |reflection|
+            [reflection.name, association(reflection.name).target]
+          end
+        end
+
+        payload
+      end
+
+      def marshal_load(state)
+        attributes_from_database, new_record, associations = state
+
+        attributes = self.class.attributes_builder.build_from_database(attributes_from_database)
+        init_with_attributes(attributes, new_record)
+
+        if associations
+          associations.each do |name, target|
+            association(name).target = target
+          rescue ActiveRecord::AssociationNotFoundError
+            # the association no longer exist, we can just skip it.
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/message_pack.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module MessagePack # :nodoc:
+    FORMAT_VERSION = 1
+
+    class << self
+      def dump(input)
+        encoder = Encoder.new
+        [FORMAT_VERSION, encoder.encode(input), encoder.entries]
+      end
+
+      def load(dumped)
+        format_version, top_level, entries = dumped
+        unless format_version == FORMAT_VERSION
+          raise "Invalid format version: #{format_version.inspect}"
+        end
+        Decoder.new(entries).decode(top_level)
+      end
+    end
+
+    module Extensions
+      extend self
+
+      def install(registry)
+        registry.register_type 119, ActiveModel::Type::Binary::Data,
+          packer: :to_s,
+          unpacker: :new
+
+        registry.register_type 120, ActiveRecord::Base,
+          packer: method(:write_record),
+          unpacker: method(:read_record),
+          recursive: true
+      end
+
+      def write_record(record, packer)
+        packer.write(ActiveRecord::MessagePack.dump(record))
+      end
+
+      def read_record(unpacker)
+        ActiveRecord::MessagePack.load(unpacker.read)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Encoder
+      attr_reader :entries
+
+      def initialize
+        @entries = []
+        @refs = {}.compare_by_identity
+      end
+
+      def encode(input)
+        if input.is_a?(Array)
+          input.map { |record| encode_record(record) }
+        elsif input
+          encode_record(input)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def encode_record(record)
+        ref = @refs[record]
+
+        if !ref
+          ref = @refs[record] = @entries.size
+          @entries << build_entry(record)
+          add_cached_associations(record, @entries.last)
+        end
+
+        ref
+      end
+
+      def build_entry(record)
+        [
+          ActiveSupport::MessagePack::Extensions.dump_class(record.class),
+          record.attributes_for_database,
+          record.new_record?
+        ]
+      end
+
+      def add_cached_associations(record, entry)
+        record.class.normalized_reflections.each_value do |reflection|
+          if record.association_cached?(reflection.name) && record.association(reflection.name).loaded?
+            entry << reflection.name << encode(record.association(reflection.name).target)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Decoder
+      def initialize(entries)
+        @records = entries.map { |entry| build_record(entry) }
+        @records.zip(entries) { |record, entry| resolve_cached_associations(record, entry) }
+      end
+
+      def decode(ref)
+        if ref.is_a?(Array)
+          ref.map { |r| @records[r] }
+        elsif ref
+          @records[ref]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_record(entry)
+        class_name, attributes_hash, is_new_record, * = entry
+        klass = ActiveSupport::MessagePack::Extensions.load_class(class_name)
+        attributes = klass.attributes_builder.build_from_database(attributes_hash)
+        klass.allocate.init_with_attributes(attributes, is_new_record)
+      end
+
+      def resolve_cached_associations(record, entry)
+        i = 3 # entry == [class_name, attributes_hash, is_new_record, *associations]
+        while i < entry.length
+          begin
+            record.association(entry[i]).target = decode(entry[i + 1])
+          rescue ActiveRecord::AssociationNotFoundError
+            # The association no longer exists, so just skip it.
+          end
+          i += 2
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver.rb

@@ -48,25 +48,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
           context.save(response)
         end
 
+        def reading_request?(request)
+          request.get? || request.head?
+        end
+
         private
           def read_from_primary(&blk)
-            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role, prevent_writes: true) do
-              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_primary") do
-                yield
-              end
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord.writing_role, prevent_writes: true) do
+              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_primary", &blk)
             end
           end
 
           def read_from_replica(&blk)
-            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.reading_role, prevent_writes: true) do
-              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_replica") do
-                yield
-              end
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord.reading_role, prevent_writes: true) do
+              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_replica", &blk)
             end
           end
 
-          def write_to_primary(&blk)
-            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role, prevent_writes: false) do
+          def write_to_primary
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord.writing_role, prevent_writes: false) do
               instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.wrote_to_primary") do
                 yield
               ensure

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ require "active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Middleware
+    # = Database Selector \Middleware
+    #
     # The DatabaseSelector Middleware provides a framework for automatically
-    # swapping from the primary to the replica database connection. Rails
+    # swapping from the primary to the replica database connection. \Rails
     # provides a basic framework to determine when to swap and allows for
     # applications to write custom strategy classes to override the default
     # behavior.
@@ -15,18 +17,26 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # resolver context class that sets a value that helps the resolver class
     # decide when to switch.
     #
-    # Rails default middleware uses the request's session to set a timestamp
+    # \Rails default middleware uses the request's session to set a timestamp
     # that informs the application when to read from a primary or read from a
     # replica.
     #
-    # To use the DatabaseSelector in your application with default settings add
-    # the following options to your environment config:
+    # To use the DatabaseSelector in your application with default settings,
+    # run the provided generator.
     #
-    #   config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
-    #   config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
-    #   config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+    #   $ bin/rails g active_record:multi_db
+    #
+    # This will create a file named +config/initializers/multi_db.rb+ with the
+    # following contents:
+    #
+    #   Rails.application.configure do
+    #     config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    #     config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
+    #     config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+    #   end
     #
-    # New applications will include these lines commented out in the production.rb.
+    # Alternatively you can set the options in your environment config or
+    # any other config file loaded on boot.
     #
     # The default behavior can be changed by setting the config options to a
     # custom class:
@@ -34,6 +44,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
     #   config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
     #   config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MySession
+    #
+    # Note: If you are using <tt>rails new my_app --minimal</tt> you will need
+    # to call <tt>require "active_support/core_ext/integer/time"</tt> to load
+    # the core extension in order to use +2.seconds+
     class DatabaseSelector
       def initialize(app, resolver_klass = nil, context_klass = nil, options = {})
         @app = app
@@ -59,7 +73,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           context = context_klass.call(request)
           resolver = resolver_klass.call(context, options)
 
-          response = if reading_request?(request)
+          response = if resolver.reading_request?(request)
             resolver.read(&blk)
           else
             resolver.write(&blk)
@@ -68,10 +82,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           resolver.update_context(response)
           response
         end
-
-        def reading_request?(request)
-          request.get? || request.head?
-        end
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/middleware/shard_selector.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    # = Shard Selector \Middleware
+    #
+    # The ShardSelector Middleware provides a framework for automatically
+    # swapping shards. \Rails provides a basic framework to determine which
+    # shard to switch to and allows for applications to write custom strategies
+    # for swapping if needed.
+    #
+    # The ShardSelector takes a set of options (currently only +lock+ is supported)
+    # that can be used by the middleware to alter behavior. +lock+ is
+    # true by default and will prohibit the request from switching shards once
+    # inside the block. If +lock+ is false, then shard swapping will be allowed.
+    # For tenant based sharding, +lock+ should always be true to prevent application
+    # code from mistakenly switching between tenants.
+    #
+    # Options can be set in the config:
+    #
+    #   config.active_record.shard_selector = { lock: true }
+    #
+    # Applications must also provide the code for the resolver as it depends on application
+    # specific models. An example resolver would look like this:
+    #
+    #   config.active_record.shard_resolver = ->(request) {
+    #     subdomain = request.subdomain
+    #     tenant = Tenant.find_by_subdomain!(subdomain)
+    #     tenant.shard
+    #   }
+    class ShardSelector
+      def initialize(app, resolver, options = {})
+        @app = app
+        @resolver = resolver
+        @options = options
+      end
+
+      attr_reader :resolver, :options
+
+      def call(env)
+        request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
+
+        shard = selected_shard(request)
+
+        set_shard(shard) do
+          @app.call(env)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        def selected_shard(request)
+          resolver.call(request)
+        end
+
+        def set_shard(shard, &block)
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: shard.to_sym) do
+            ActiveRecord::Base.prohibit_shard_swapping(options.fetch(:lock, true), &block)
+          end
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end