activerecord 6.1.7 → 7.2.0

data/MIT-LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2004-2022 David Heinemeier Hansson
+Copyright (c) David Heinemeier Hansson
 
 Arel originally copyright (c) 2007-2016 Nick Kallen, Bryan Helmkamp, Emilio Tagua, Aaron Patterson
 

data/README.rdoc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-= Active Record -- Object-relational mapping in Rails
+= Active Record -- Object-relational mapping in \Rails
 
 Active Record connects classes to relational database tables to establish an
 almost zero-configuration persistence layer for applications. The library
@@ -13,29 +13,28 @@ columns. Although these mappings can be defined explicitly, it's recommended
 to follow naming conventions, especially when getting started with the
 library.
 
-You can read more about Active Record in the {Active Record Basics}[https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_basics.html] guide.
+You can read more about Active Record in the {Active Record Basics}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_basics.html] guide.
 
 A short rundown of some of the major features:
 
 * Automated mapping between classes and tables, attributes and columns.
 
-   class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
-   end
-
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Base.html]
+    class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
+    end
 
-The Product class is automatically mapped to the table named "products",
-which might look like this:
+  The Product class is automatically mapped to the table named "products",
+  which might look like this:
 
-   CREATE TABLE products (
-     id bigint NOT NULL auto_increment,
-     name varchar(255),
-     PRIMARY KEY  (id)
-   );
+    CREATE TABLE products (
+      id bigint NOT NULL auto_increment,
+      name varchar(255),
+      PRIMARY KEY  (id)
+    );
 
-This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
-<tt>Product#name=(new_name)</tt>.
+  This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
+  <tt>Product#name=(new_name)</tt>.
 
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Base.html]
 
 * Associations between objects defined by simple class methods.
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
      belongs_to :conglomerate
    end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Associations/ClassMethods.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Associations/ClassMethods.html]
 
 
 * Aggregations of value objects.
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
                  mapping: [%w(address_street street), %w(address_city city)]
    end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Aggregations/ClassMethods.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Aggregations/ClassMethods.html]
 
 
 * Validation rules that can differ for new or existing objects.
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
       validates :password, :email_address, confirmation: true, on: :create
     end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Validations.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Validations.html]
 
 
 * Callbacks available for the entire life cycle (instantiation, saving, destroying, validating, etc.).
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
      # the `invalidate_payment_plan` method gets called just before Person#destroy
    end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Callbacks.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Callbacks.html]
 
 
 * Inheritance hierarchies.
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
    class Client < Company; end
    class PriorityClient < Client; end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Base.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Base.html]
 
 
 * Transactions.
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
       mary.deposit(100)
     end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Transactions/ClassMethods.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Transactions/ClassMethods.html]
 
 
 * Reflections on columns, associations, and aggregations.
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
     reflection.klass # => Client (class)
     Firm.columns # Returns an array of column descriptors for the firms table
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Reflection/ClassMethods.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Reflection/ClassMethods.html]
 
 
 * Database abstraction through simple adapters.
@@ -126,13 +125,13 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
       database: 'activerecord'
     )
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Base.html] and read about the built-in support for
-  MySQL[link:classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/Mysql2Adapter.html],
-  PostgreSQL[link:classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PostgreSQLAdapter.html], and
-  SQLite3[link:classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/SQLite3Adapter.html].
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Base.html] and read about the built-in support for
+  MySQL[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/Mysql2Adapter.html],
+  PostgreSQL[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PostgreSQLAdapter.html], and
+  SQLite3[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/SQLite3Adapter.html].
 
 
-* Logging support for Log4r[https://github.com/colbygk/log4r] and Logger[https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/logger/rdoc/].
+* Logging support for Log4r[https://github.com/colbygk/log4r] and Logger[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Logger.html].
 
     ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(STDOUT)
     ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Log4r::Logger.new('Application Log')
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
 
 * Database agnostic schema management with Migrations.
 
-    class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
+    class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.2]
       def up
         create_table :system_settings do |t|
           t.string  :name
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ This would also define the following accessors: <tt>Product#name</tt> and
       end
     end
 
-  {Learn more}[link:classes/ActiveRecord/Migration.html]
+  {Learn more}[https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Migration.html]
 
 
 == Philosophy
@@ -167,6 +166,7 @@ Active Record is an implementation of the object-relational mapping (ORM)
 pattern[https://www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/activeRecord.html] by the same
 name described by Martin Fowler:
 
+>>>
   "An object that wraps a row in a database table or view,
   encapsulates the database access, and adds domain logic on that data."
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ The latest version of Active Record can be installed with RubyGems:
 
   $ gem install activerecord
 
-Source code can be downloaded as part of the Rails project on GitHub:
+Source code can be downloaded as part of the \Rails project on GitHub:
 
 * https://github.com/rails/rails/tree/main/activerecord
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ API documentation is at:
 
 * https://api.rubyonrails.org
 
-Bug reports for the Ruby on Rails project can be filed here:
+Bug reports for the Ruby on \Rails project can be filed here:
 
 * https://github.com/rails/rails/issues
 

data/examples/performance.rb

@@ -176,10 +176,10 @@ Benchmark.ips(TIME) do |x|
   end
 
   x.report "Model.log" do
-    Exhibit.connection.send(:log, "hello", "world") { }
+    Exhibit.lease_connection.send(:log, "hello", "world") { }
   end
 
   x.report "AR.execute(query)" do
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("SELECT * FROM exhibits WHERE id = #{(rand * 1000 + 1).to_i}")
+    ActiveRecord::Base.lease_connection.execute("SELECT * FROM exhibits WHERE id = #{(rand * 1000 + 1).to_i}")
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # See ActiveRecord::Aggregations::ClassMethods for documentation
   module Aggregations
     def initialize_dup(*) # :nodoc:
-      @aggregation_cache = {}
+      @aggregation_cache = @aggregation_cache.dup
       super
     end
 
@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def init_internals
-        @aggregation_cache = {}
         super
+        @aggregation_cache = {}
       end
 
+      # = Active Record \Aggregations
+      #
       # Active Record implements aggregation through a macro-like class method called #composed_of
       # for representing attributes as value objects. It expresses relationships like "Account [is]
       # composed of Money [among other things]" or "Person [is] composed of [an] address". Each call
@@ -32,8 +34,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # the database).
       #
       #   class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     composed_of :balance, class_name: "Money", mapping: %w(balance amount)
-      #     composed_of :address, mapping: [ %w(address_street street), %w(address_city city) ]
+      #     composed_of :balance, class_name: "Money", mapping: { balance: :amount }
+      #     composed_of :address, mapping: { address_street: :street, address_city: :city }
       #   end
       #
       # The customer class now has the following methods to manipulate the value objects:
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   class NetworkResource < ActiveRecord::Base
       #     composed_of :cidr,
       #                 class_name: 'NetAddr::CIDR',
-      #                 mapping: [ %w(network_address network), %w(cidr_range bits) ],
+      #                 mapping: { network_address: :network, cidr_range: :bits },
       #                 allow_nil: true,
       #                 constructor: Proc.new { |network_address, cidr_range| NetAddr::CIDR.create("#{network_address}/#{cidr_range}") },
       #                 converter: Proc.new { |value| NetAddr::CIDR.create(value.is_a?(Array) ? value.join('/') : value) }
@@ -188,10 +190,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #   to the Address class, but if the real class name is +CompanyAddress+, you'll have to specify it
         #   with this option.
         # * <tt>:mapping</tt> - Specifies the mapping of entity attributes to attributes of the value
-        #   object. Each mapping is represented as an array where the first item is the name of the
-        #   entity attribute and the second item is the name of the attribute in the value object. The
+        #   object. Each mapping is represented as a key-value pair where the key is the name of the
+        #   entity attribute and the value is the name of the attribute in the value object. The
         #   order in which mappings are defined determines the order in which attributes are sent to the
-        #   value class constructor.
+        #   value class constructor. The mapping can be written as a hash or as an array of pairs.
         # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - Specifies that the value object will not be instantiated when all mapped
         #   attributes are +nil+. Setting the value object to +nil+ has the effect of writing +nil+ to all
         #   mapped attributes.
@@ -208,14 +210,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #   can return +nil+ to skip the assignment.
         #
         # Option examples:
-        #   composed_of :temperature, mapping: %w(reading celsius)
-        #   composed_of :balance, class_name: "Money", mapping: %w(balance amount)
+        #   composed_of :temperature, mapping: { reading: :celsius }
+        #   composed_of :balance, class_name: "Money", mapping: { balance: :amount }
+        #   composed_of :address, mapping: { address_street: :street, address_city: :city }
         #   composed_of :address, mapping: [ %w(address_street street), %w(address_city city) ]
         #   composed_of :gps_location
         #   composed_of :gps_location, allow_nil: true
         #   composed_of :ip_address,
         #               class_name: 'IPAddr',
-        #               mapping: %w(ip to_i),
+        #               mapping: { ip: :to_i },
         #               constructor: Proc.new { |ip| IPAddr.new(ip, Socket::AF_INET) },
         #               converter: Proc.new { |ip| ip.is_a?(Integer) ? IPAddr.new(ip, Socket::AF_INET) : IPAddr.new(ip.to_s) }
         #
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 object = constructor.respond_to?(:call) ?
                   constructor.call(*attrs) :
                   class_name.constantize.send(constructor, *attrs)
-                @aggregation_cache[name] = object
+                @aggregation_cache[name] = object.freeze
               end
               @aggregation_cache[name]
             end
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               end
 
               hash_from_multiparameter_assignment = part.is_a?(Hash) &&
-                part.each_key.all? { |k| k.is_a?(Integer) }
+                part.keys.all?(Integer)
               if hash_from_multiparameter_assignment
                 raise ArgumentError unless part.size == part.each_key.max
                 part = klass.new(*part.sort.map(&:last))
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 @aggregation_cache[name] = nil
               else
                 mapping.each { |key, value| write_attribute(key, part.send(value)) }
-                @aggregation_cache[name] = part.freeze
+                @aggregation_cache[name] = part.dup.freeze
               end
             end
           end

data/lib/active_record/association_relation.rb

@@ -16,27 +16,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     %w(insert insert_all insert! insert_all! upsert upsert_all).each do |method|
-      class_eval <<~RUBY
+      class_eval <<~RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
         def #{method}(attributes, **kwargs)
           if @association.reflection.through_reflection?
             raise ArgumentError, "Bulk insert or upsert is currently not supported for has_many through association"
           end
 
-          scoping { klass.#{method}(attributes, **kwargs) }
+          super
         end
       RUBY
     end
 
-    def build(attributes = nil, &block)
-      if attributes.is_a?(Array)
-        attributes.collect { |attr| build(attr, &block) }
-      else
-        block = current_scope_restoring_block(&block)
-        scoping { _new(attributes, &block) }
-      end
-    end
-    alias new build
-
     private
       def _new(attributes, &block)
         @association.build(attributes, &block)

data/lib/active_record/associations/alias_tracker.rb

@@ -6,21 +6,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
     # Keeps track of table aliases for ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency
     class AliasTracker # :nodoc:
-      def self.create(connection, initial_table, joins, aliases = nil)
-        if joins.empty?
-          aliases ||= Hash.new(0)
-        elsif aliases
-          default_proc = aliases.default_proc || proc { 0 }
-          aliases.default_proc = proc { |h, k|
-            h[k] = initial_count_for(connection, k, joins) + default_proc.call(h, k)
-          }
-        else
-          aliases = Hash.new { |h, k|
-            h[k] = initial_count_for(connection, k, joins)
-          }
+      def self.create(pool, initial_table, joins, aliases = nil)
+        pool.with_connection do |connection|
+          if joins.empty?
+            aliases ||= Hash.new(0)
+          elsif aliases
+            default_proc = aliases.default_proc || proc { 0 }
+            aliases.default_proc = proc { |h, k|
+              h[k] = initial_count_for(connection, k, joins) + default_proc.call(h, k)
+            }
+          else
+            aliases = Hash.new { |h, k|
+              h[k] = initial_count_for(connection, k, joins)
+            }
+          end
+          aliases[initial_table] = 1
+          new(connection.table_alias_length, aliases)
         end
-        aliases[initial_table] = 1
-        new(connection, aliases)
       end
 
       def self.initial_count_for(connection, name, table_joins)
@@ -46,9 +48,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       # table_joins is an array of arel joins which might conflict with the aliases we assign here
-      def initialize(connection, aliases)
-        @aliases    = aliases
-        @connection = connection
+      def initialize(table_alias_length, aliases)
+        @aliases = aliases
+        @table_alias_length = table_alias_length
       end
 
       def aliased_table_for(arel_table, table_name = nil)
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           arel_table = arel_table.alias(table_name) if arel_table.name != table_name
         else
           # Otherwise, we need to use an alias
-          aliased_name = @connection.table_alias_for(yield)
+          aliased_name = table_alias_for(yield)
 
           # Update the count
           count = aliases[aliased_name] += 1
@@ -76,8 +78,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       attr_reader :aliases
 
       private
+        def table_alias_for(table_name)
+          table_name[0...@table_alias_length].tr(".", "_")
+        end
+
         def truncate(name)
-          name.slice(0, @connection.table_alias_length - 2)
+          name.slice(0, @table_alias_length - 2)
         end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Associations in Active Record are middlemen between the object that
     # holds the association, known as the <tt>owner</tt>, and the associated
     # result set, known as the <tt>target</tt>. Association metadata is available in
-    # <tt>reflection</tt>, which is an instance of <tt>ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection</tt>.
+    # <tt>reflection</tt>, which is an instance of +ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection+.
     #
     # For example, given
     #
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # The association of <tt>blog.posts</tt> has the object +blog+ as its
     # <tt>owner</tt>, the collection of its posts as <tt>target</tt>, and
     # the <tt>reflection</tt> object represents a <tt>:has_many</tt> macro.
-    class Association #:nodoc:
-      attr_reader :owner, :target, :reflection
+    class Association # :nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :owner
+      attr_reader :target, :reflection, :disable_joins
 
       delegate :options, to: :reflection
 
@@ -41,17 +42,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
         reflection.check_validity!
 
         @owner, @reflection = owner, reflection
+        @disable_joins = @reflection.options[:disable_joins] || false
 
         reset
         reset_scope
+
+        @skip_strict_loading = nil
       end
 
       # Resets the \loaded flag to +false+ and sets the \target to +nil+.
       def reset
         @loaded = false
-        @target = nil
         @stale_state = nil
-        @inversed = false
       end
 
       def reset_negative_cache # :nodoc:
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Reloads the \target and returns +self+ on success.
       # The QueryCache is cleared if +force+ is true.
       def reload(force = false)
-        klass.connection.clear_query_cache if force && klass
+        klass.connection_pool.clear_query_cache if force && klass
         reset
         reset_scope
         load_target
@@ -77,7 +79,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def loaded!
         @loaded = true
         @stale_state = stale_state
-        @inversed = false
       end
 
       # The target is stale if the target no longer points to the record(s) that the
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # Note that if the target has not been loaded, it is not considered stale.
       def stale_target?
-        !@inversed && loaded? && @stale_state != stale_state
+        loaded? && @stale_state != stale_state
       end
 
       # Sets the target of this association to <tt>\target</tt>, and the \loaded flag to +true+.
@@ -97,8 +98,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def scope
-        if (scope = klass.current_scope) && scope.try(:proxy_association) == self
+        if disable_joins
+          DisableJoinsAssociationScope.create.scope(self)
+        elsif (scope = klass.current_scope) && scope.try(:proxy_association) == self
           scope.spawn
+        elsif scope = klass.global_current_scope
+          target_scope.merge!(association_scope).merge!(scope)
         else
           target_scope.merge!(association_scope)
         end
@@ -132,15 +137,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def inversed_from(record)
         self.target = record
-        @inversed = !!record
       end
 
       def inversed_from_queries(record)
         if inversable?(record)
           self.target = record
-          @inversed = true
-        else
-          @inversed = false
         end
       end
 
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @reflection = @owner.class._reflect_on_association(reflection_name)
       end
 
-      def initialize_attributes(record, except_from_scope_attributes = nil) #:nodoc:
+      def initialize_attributes(record, except_from_scope_attributes = nil) # :nodoc:
         except_from_scope_attributes ||= {}
         skip_assign = [reflection.foreign_key, reflection.type].compact
         assigned_keys = record.changed_attribute_names_to_save
@@ -209,9 +210,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
         _create_record(attributes, true, &block)
       end
 
+      # Whether the association represent a single record
+      # or a collection of records.
+      def collection?
+        false
+      end
+
       private
+        # Reader and writer methods call this so that consistent errors are presented
+        # when the association target class does not exist.
+        def ensure_klass_exists!
+          klass
+        end
+
         def find_target
-          if strict_loading? && owner.validation_context.nil?
+          if violates_strict_loading?
             Base.strict_loading_violation!(owner: owner.class, reflection: reflection)
           end
 
@@ -224,13 +237,34 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           binds = AssociationScope.get_bind_values(owner, reflection.chain)
-          sc.execute(binds, klass.connection) { |record| set_inverse_instance(record) }
+          klass.with_connection do |c|
+            sc.execute(binds, c) do |record|
+              set_inverse_instance(record)
+              if owner.strict_loading_n_plus_one_only? && reflection.macro == :has_many
+                record.strict_loading!
+              else
+                record.strict_loading!(false, mode: owner.strict_loading_mode)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def skip_strict_loading(&block)
+          skip_strict_loading_was = @skip_strict_loading
+          @skip_strict_loading = true
+          yield
+        ensure
+          @skip_strict_loading = skip_strict_loading_was
         end
 
-        def strict_loading?
+        def violates_strict_loading?
+          return if @skip_strict_loading
+
+          return unless owner.validation_context.nil?
+
           return reflection.strict_loading? if reflection.options.key?(:strict_loading)
 
-          owner.strict_loading?
+          owner.strict_loading? && !owner.strict_loading_n_plus_one_only?
         end
 
         # The scope for this association.
@@ -241,7 +275,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         # actually gets built.
         def association_scope
           if klass
-            @association_scope ||= AssociationScope.scope(self)
+            @association_scope ||= if disable_joins
+              DisableJoinsAssociationScope.scope(self)
+            else
+              AssociationScope.scope(self)
+            end
           end
         end
 
@@ -273,7 +311,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # Raises ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch unless +record+ is of
         # the kind of the class of the associated objects. Meant to be used as
-        # a sanity check when you are about to assign an associated record.
+        # a safety check when you are about to assign an associated record.
         def raise_on_type_mismatch!(record)
           unless record.is_a?(reflection.klass)
             fresh_class = reflection.class_name.safe_constantize
@@ -306,7 +344,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # Returns true if record contains the foreign_key
         def foreign_key_for?(record)
-          record._has_attribute?(reflection.foreign_key)
+          foreign_key = Array(reflection.foreign_key)
+          foreign_key.all? { |key| record._has_attribute?(key) }
         end
 
         # This should be implemented to return the values of the relevant key(s) on the owner,

data/lib/active_record/associations/association_scope.rb

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
-    class AssociationScope #:nodoc:
+    class AssociationScope # :nodoc:
       def self.scope(association)
         INSTANCE.scope(association)
       end
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         binds = []
         last_reflection = chain.last
 
-        binds << last_reflection.join_id_for(owner)
+        binds.push(*last_reflection.join_id_for(owner))
         if last_reflection.type
           binds << owner.class.polymorphic_name
         end
@@ -56,12 +56,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def last_chain_scope(scope, reflection, owner)
-          primary_key = reflection.join_primary_key
-          foreign_key = reflection.join_foreign_key
+          primary_key = Array(reflection.join_primary_key)
+          foreign_key = Array(reflection.join_foreign_key)
 
           table = reflection.aliased_table
-          value = transform_value(owner[foreign_key])
-          scope = apply_scope(scope, table, primary_key, value)
+          primary_key_foreign_key_pairs = primary_key.zip(foreign_key)
+          primary_key_foreign_key_pairs.each do |join_key, foreign_key|
+            value = transform_value(owner._read_attribute(foreign_key))
+            scope = apply_scope(scope, table, join_key, value)
+          end
 
           if reflection.type
             polymorphic_type = transform_value(owner.class.polymorphic_name)
@@ -76,19 +79,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def next_chain_scope(scope, reflection, next_reflection)
-          primary_key = reflection.join_primary_key
-          foreign_key = reflection.join_foreign_key
+          primary_key = Array(reflection.join_primary_key)
+          foreign_key = Array(reflection.join_foreign_key)
 
           table = reflection.aliased_table
           foreign_table = next_reflection.aliased_table
-          constraint = table[primary_key].eq(foreign_table[foreign_key])
+
+          primary_key_foreign_key_pairs = primary_key.zip(foreign_key)
+          constraints = primary_key_foreign_key_pairs.map do |join_primary_key, foreign_key|
+            table[join_primary_key].eq(foreign_table[foreign_key])
+          end.inject(&:and)
 
           if reflection.type
             value = transform_value(next_reflection.klass.polymorphic_name)
             scope = apply_scope(scope, table, reflection.type, value)
           end
 
-          scope.joins!(join(foreign_table, constraint))
+          scope.joins!(join(foreign_table, constraints))
         end
 
         class ReflectionProxy < SimpleDelegator # :nodoc:
@@ -123,8 +130,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           chain_head = chain.first
           chain.reverse_each do |reflection|
-            # Exclude the scope of the association itself, because that
-            # was already merged in the #scope method.
             reflection.constraints.each do |scope_chain_item|
               item = eval_scope(reflection, scope_chain_item, owner)