activerecord 6.0.0 → 7.2.3

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/column"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/explain_pretty_printer"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/database_statements"
@@ -10,57 +11,58 @@ require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_definitions"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_dumper"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements"
 
-gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.4"
+gem "sqlite3", ">= 1.4"
 require "sqlite3"
 
 module ActiveRecord
-  module ConnectionHandling # :nodoc:
-    def sqlite3_connection(config)
-      config = config.symbolize_keys
-
-      # Require database.
-      unless config[:database]
-        raise ArgumentError, "No database file specified. Missing argument: database"
-      end
-
-      # Allow database path relative to Rails.root, but only if the database
-      # path is not the special path that tells sqlite to build a database only
-      # in memory.
-      if ":memory:" != config[:database]
-        config[:database] = File.expand_path(config[:database], Rails.root) if defined?(Rails.root)
-        dirname = File.dirname(config[:database])
-        Dir.mkdir(dirname) unless File.directory?(dirname)
-      end
-
-      db = SQLite3::Database.new(
-        config[:database].to_s,
-        config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
-      )
-
-      ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.new(db, logger, nil, config)
-    rescue Errno::ENOENT => error
-      if error.message.include?("No such file or directory")
-        raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
-      else
-        raise
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  module ConnectionAdapters #:nodoc:
-    # The SQLite3 adapter works SQLite 3.6.16 or newer
-    # with the sqlite3-ruby drivers (available as gem from https://rubygems.org/gems/sqlite3).
+  module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
+    # = Active Record SQLite3 Adapter
     #
-    # Options:
+    # The SQLite3 adapter works with the sqlite3-ruby drivers
+    # (available as gem from https://rubygems.org/gems/sqlite3).
+    #
+    # ==== Options
     #
     # * <tt>:database</tt> - Path to the database file.
     class SQLite3Adapter < AbstractAdapter
       ADAPTER_NAME = "SQLite"
 
+      class << self
+        def new_client(config)
+          ::SQLite3::Database.new(config[:database].to_s, config)
+        rescue Errno::ENOENT => error
+          if error.message.include?("No such file or directory")
+            raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
+          else
+            raise
+          end
+        end
+
+        def dbconsole(config, options = {})
+          args = []
+
+          args << "-#{options[:mode]}" if options[:mode]
+          args << "-header" if options[:header]
+          args << File.expand_path(config.database, Rails.respond_to?(:root) ? Rails.root : nil)
+
+          find_cmd_and_exec("sqlite3", *args)
+        end
+      end
+
       include SQLite3::Quoting
       include SQLite3::SchemaStatements
       include SQLite3::DatabaseStatements
 
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # Configure the SQLite3Adapter to be used in a strict strings mode.
+      # This will disable double-quoted string literals, because otherwise typos can silently go unnoticed.
+      # For example, it is possible to create an index for a non existing column.
+      # If you wish to enable this mode you can add the following line to your application.rb file:
+      #
+      #   config.active_record.sqlite3_adapter_strict_strings_by_default = true
+      class_attribute :strict_strings_by_default, default: false
+
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
         primary_key:  "integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL",
         string:       { name: "varchar" },
@@ -76,36 +78,54 @@ module ActiveRecord
         json:         { name: "json" },
       }
 
-      def self.represent_boolean_as_integer=(value) # :nodoc:
-        if value == false
-          raise "`.represent_boolean_as_integer=` is now always true, so make sure your application can work with it and remove this settings."
-        end
-
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
-          "`.represent_boolean_as_integer=` is now always true, so setting this is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1."
-        )
-      end
+      DEFAULT_PRAGMAS = {
+        "foreign_keys"        => true,
+        "journal_mode"        => :wal,
+        "synchronous"         => :normal,
+        "mmap_size"           => 134217728, # 128 megabytes
+        "journal_size_limit"  => 67108864, # 64 megabytes
+        "cache_size"          => 2000
+      }
 
       class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool # :nodoc:
+        alias reset clear
+
         private
           def dealloc(stmt)
             stmt.close unless stmt.closed?
           end
       end
 
-      def initialize(connection, logger, connection_options, config)
-        super(connection, logger, config)
-        configure_connection
-      end
+      def initialize(...)
+        super
 
-      def self.database_exists?(config)
-        config = config.symbolize_keys
-        if config[:database] == ":memory:"
-          return true
+        @memory_database = false
+        case @config[:database].to_s
+        when ""
+          raise ArgumentError, "No database file specified. Missing argument: database"
+        when ":memory:"
+          @memory_database = true
+        when /\Afile:/
         else
-          database_file = defined?(Rails.root) ? File.expand_path(config[:database], Rails.root) : config[:database]
-          File.exist?(database_file)
+          # Otherwise we have a path relative to Rails.root
+          @config[:database] = File.expand_path(@config[:database], Rails.root) if defined?(Rails.root)
+          dirname = File.dirname(@config[:database])
+          unless File.directory?(dirname)
+            begin
+              FileUtils.mkdir_p(dirname)
+            rescue SystemCallError
+              raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError.new(connection_pool: @pool)
+            end
+          end
         end
+
+        @config[:strict] = ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.strict_strings_by_default unless @config.key?(:strict)
+        @connection_parameters = @config.merge(database: @config[:database].to_s, results_as_hash: true)
+        @use_insert_returning = @config.key?(:insert_returning) ? self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(@config[:insert_returning]) : true
+      end
+
+      def database_exists?
+        @config[:database] == ":memory:" || File.exist?(@config[:database].to_s)
       end
 
       def supports_ddl_transactions?
@@ -116,6 +136,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_transaction_isolation?
+        true
+      end
+
       def supports_partial_index?
         true
       end
@@ -132,6 +156,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_check_constraints?
+        true
+      end
+
       def supports_views?
         true
       end
@@ -144,6 +172,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_common_table_expressions?
+        database_version >= "3.8.3"
+      end
+
+      def supports_insert_returning?
+        database_version >= "3.35.0"
+      end
+
       def supports_insert_on_conflict?
         database_version >= "3.24.0"
       end
@@ -151,40 +187,47 @@ module ActiveRecord
       alias supports_insert_on_duplicate_update? supports_insert_on_conflict?
       alias supports_insert_conflict_target? supports_insert_on_conflict?
 
-      def active?
-        !@connection.closed?
+      def supports_concurrent_connections?
+        !@memory_database
       end
 
-      def reconnect!
-        super
-        connect if @connection.closed?
+      def supports_virtual_columns?
+        database_version >= "3.31.0"
+      end
+
+      def connected?
+        !(@raw_connection.nil? || @raw_connection.closed?)
       end
 
+      def active?
+        if connected?
+          verified!
+          true
+        end
+      end
+
+      alias :reset! :reconnect!
+
       # Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this
       # method does nothing.
       def disconnect!
         super
-        @connection.close rescue nil
+
+        @raw_connection&.close rescue nil
+        @raw_connection = nil
       end
 
       def supports_index_sort_order?
         true
       end
 
-      # Returns 62. SQLite supports index names up to 64
-      # characters. The rest is used by Rails internally to perform
-      # temporary rename operations
-      def allowed_index_name_length
-        index_name_length - 2
-      end
-
-      def native_database_types #:nodoc:
+      def native_database_types # :nodoc:
         NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
       end
 
-      # Returns the current database encoding format as a string, eg: 'UTF-8'
+      # Returns the current database encoding format as a string, e.g. 'UTF-8'
       def encoding
-        @connection.encoding.to_s
+        any_raw_connection.encoding.to_s
       end
 
       def supports_explain?
@@ -195,6 +238,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_deferrable_constraints?
+        true
+      end
+
       # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
 
       def disable_referential_integrity # :nodoc:
@@ -211,12 +258,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      #--
-      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
-      #++
-      def explain(arel, binds = [])
-        sql = "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN #{to_sql(arel, binds)}"
-        SQLite3::ExplainPrettyPrinter.new.pp(exec_query(sql, "EXPLAIN", []))
+      def check_all_foreign_keys_valid! # :nodoc:
+        sql = "PRAGMA foreign_key_check"
+        result = execute(sql)
+
+        unless result.blank?
+          tables = result.map { |row| row["table"] }
+          raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid.new("Foreign key violations found: #{tables.join(", ")}", sql: sql, connection_pool: @pool)
+        end
       end
 
       # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
@@ -226,8 +275,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         pks.sort_by { |f| f["pk"] }.map { |f| f["name"] }
       end
 
-      def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, options)
+      def remove_index(table_name, column_name = nil, **options) # :nodoc:
+        return if options[:if_exists] && !index_exists?(table_name, column_name, **options)
+
+        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, column_name, options)
+
         exec_query "DROP INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)}"
       end
 
@@ -235,31 +287,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # Example:
       #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
-      def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
+      def rename_table(table_name, new_name, **options)
+        validate_table_length!(new_name) unless options[:_uses_legacy_table_name]
+        schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
+        schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(new_name.to_s)
         exec_query "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
-        rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
+        rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name, **options)
       end
 
-      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options) # :nodoc:
+        type = type.to_sym
         if invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
           alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
-            definition.column(column_name, type, options)
+            definition.column(column_name, type, **options)
           end
         else
           super
         end
       end
 
-      def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+      def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, **options) # :nodoc:
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
           definition.remove_column column_name
-          definition.foreign_keys.delete_if do |_, fk_options|
-            fk_options[:column] == column_name.to_s
+          definition.foreign_keys.delete_if { |fk| fk.column == column_name.to_s }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def remove_columns(table_name, *column_names, type: nil, **options) # :nodoc:
+        alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
+          column_names.each do |column_name|
+            definition.remove_column column_name
           end
+          column_names = column_names.map(&:to_s)
+          definition.foreign_keys.delete_if { |fk| column_names.include?(fk.column) }
         end
       end
 
-      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes) #:nodoc:
+      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes) # :nodoc:
         default = extract_new_default_value(default_or_changes)
 
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
@@ -267,49 +331,81 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) #:nodoc:
+      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) # :nodoc:
+        validate_change_column_null_argument!(null)
+
         unless null || default.nil?
-          exec_query("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
+          internal_exec_query("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
         end
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
           definition[column_name].null = null
         end
       end
 
-      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options) # :nodoc:
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
-          definition[column_name].instance_eval do
-            self.type    = type
-            self.limit   = options[:limit] if options.include?(:limit)
-            self.default = options[:default] if options.include?(:default)
-            self.null    = options[:null] if options.include?(:null)
-            self.precision = options[:precision] if options.include?(:precision)
-            self.scale = options[:scale] if options.include?(:scale)
-            self.collation = options[:collation] if options.include?(:collation)
-          end
+          definition.change_column(column_name, type, **options)
         end
       end
 
-      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
+      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) # :nodoc:
         column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
         alter_table(table_name, rename: { column.name => new_column_name.to_s })
         rename_column_indexes(table_name, column.name, new_column_name)
       end
 
+      def add_timestamps(table_name, **options)
+        options[:null] = false if options[:null].nil?
+
+        if !options.key?(:precision)
+          options[:precision] = 6
+        end
+
+        alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
+          definition.column :created_at, :datetime, **options
+          definition.column :updated_at, :datetime, **options
+        end
+      end
+
       def add_reference(table_name, ref_name, **options) # :nodoc:
         super(table_name, ref_name, type: :integer, **options)
       end
       alias :add_belongs_to :add_reference
 
+      FK_REGEX = /.*FOREIGN KEY\s+\("([^"]+)"\)\s+REFERENCES\s+"(\w+)"\s+\("(\w+)"\)/
+      DEFERRABLE_REGEX = /DEFERRABLE INITIALLY (\w+)/
       def foreign_keys(table_name)
-        fk_info = exec_query("PRAGMA foreign_key_list(#{quote(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
-        fk_info.map do |row|
+        # SQLite returns 1 row for each column of composite foreign keys.
+        fk_info = internal_exec_query("PRAGMA foreign_key_list(#{quote(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
+        # Deferred or immediate foreign keys can only be seen in the CREATE TABLE sql
+        fk_defs = table_structure_sql(table_name)
+                    .select do |column_string|
+                      column_string.start_with?("CONSTRAINT") &&
+                      column_string.include?("FOREIGN KEY")
+                    end
+                    .to_h do |fk_string|
+                      _, from, table, to = fk_string.match(FK_REGEX).to_a
+                      _, mode = fk_string.match(DEFERRABLE_REGEX).to_a
+                      deferred = mode&.downcase&.to_sym || false
+                      [[table, from, to], deferred]
+                    end
+
+        grouped_fk = fk_info.group_by { |row| row["id"] }.values.each { |group| group.sort_by! { |row| row["seq"] } }
+        grouped_fk.map do |group|
+          row = group.first
           options = {
-            column: row["from"],
-            primary_key: row["to"],
             on_delete: extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_delete"]),
-            on_update: extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_update"])
+            on_update: extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_update"]),
+            deferrable: fk_defs[[row["table"], row["from"], row["to"]]]
           }
+
+          if group.one?
+            options[:column] = row["from"]
+            options[:primary_key] = row["to"]
+          else
+            options[:column] = group.map { |row| row["from"] }
+            options[:primary_key] = group.map { |row| row["to"] }
+          end
           ForeignKeyDefinition.new(table_name, row["table"], options)
         end
       end
@@ -321,14 +417,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
           sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO NOTHING"
         elsif insert.update_duplicates?
           sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO UPDATE SET "
-          sql << insert.updatable_columns.map { |column| "#{column}=excluded.#{column}" }.join(",")
+          if insert.raw_update_sql?
+            sql << insert.raw_update_sql
+          else
+            sql << insert.touch_model_timestamps_unless { |column| "#{column} IS excluded.#{column}" }
+            sql << insert.updatable_columns.map { |column| "#{column}=excluded.#{column}" }.join(",")
+          end
         end
 
+        sql << " RETURNING #{insert.returning}" if insert.returning
         sql
       end
 
+      def shared_cache? # :nodoc:
+        @config.fetch(:flags, 0).anybits?(::SQLite3::Constants::Open::SHAREDCACHE)
+      end
+
+      def use_insert_returning?
+        @use_insert_returning
+      end
+
       def get_database_version # :nodoc:
-        SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(query_value("SELECT sqlite_version(*)"))
+        SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(query_value("SELECT sqlite_version(*)", "SCHEMA"))
       end
 
       def check_version # :nodoc:
@@ -337,6 +447,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
+      class SQLite3Integer < Type::Integer # :nodoc:
+        private
+          def _limit
+            # INTEGER storage class can be stored 8 bytes value.
+            # See https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#storage_classes_and_datatypes
+            limit || 8
+          end
+      end
+
+      ActiveRecord::Type.register(:integer, SQLite3Integer, adapter: :sqlite3)
+
+      class << self
+        private
+          def initialize_type_map(m)
+            super
+            register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i, SQLite3Integer
+          end
+      end
+
+      TYPE_MAP = Type::TypeMap.new.tap { |m| initialize_type_map(m) }
+      EXTENDED_TYPE_MAPS = Concurrent::Map.new
+
       private
         # See https://www.sqlite.org/limits.html,
         # the default value is 999 when not configured.
@@ -344,25 +476,58 @@ module ActiveRecord
           999
         end
 
-        def initialize_type_map(m = type_map)
-          super
-          register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i, SQLite3Integer
-        end
-
         def table_structure(table_name)
-          structure = exec_query("PRAGMA table_info(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
-          raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid, "Could not find table '#{table_name}'") if structure.empty?
+          structure = table_info(table_name)
+          raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid.new("Could not find table '#{table_name}'", connection_pool: @pool) if structure.empty?
           table_structure_with_collation(table_name, structure)
         end
         alias column_definitions table_structure
 
+        def extract_value_from_default(default)
+          case default
+          when /^null$/i
+            nil
+          # Quoted types
+          when /^'([^|]*)'$/m
+            $1.gsub("''", "'")
+          # Quoted types
+          when /^"([^|]*)"$/m
+            $1.gsub('""', '"')
+          # Numeric types
+          when /\A-?\d+(\.\d*)?\z/
+            $&
+          # Binary columns
+          when /x'(.*)'/
+            [ $1 ].pack("H*")
+          else
+            # Anything else is blank or some function
+            # and we can't know the value of that, so return nil.
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        def extract_default_function(default_value, default)
+          default if has_default_function?(default_value, default)
+        end
+
+        def has_default_function?(default_value, default)
+          !default_value && %r{\w+\(.*\)|CURRENT_TIME|CURRENT_DATE|CURRENT_TIMESTAMP|\|\|}.match?(default)
+        end
+
         # See: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
         # SQLite has an additional restriction on the ALTER TABLE statement
         def invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
-          type.to_sym == :primary_key || options[:primary_key]
+          type == :primary_key || options[:primary_key] ||
+            options[:null] == false && options[:default].nil? ||
+            (type == :virtual && options[:stored])
         end
 
-        def alter_table(table_name, foreign_keys = foreign_keys(table_name), **options)
+        def alter_table(
+          table_name,
+          foreign_keys = foreign_keys(table_name),
+          check_constraints = check_constraints(table_name),
+          **options
+        )
           altered_table_name = "a#{table_name}"
 
           caller = lambda do |definition|
@@ -372,14 +537,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 fk.options[:column] = column
               end
               to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(fk.to_table)
-              definition.foreign_key(to_table, fk.options)
+              definition.foreign_key(to_table, **fk.options)
+            end
+
+            check_constraints.each do |chk|
+              definition.check_constraint(chk.expression, **chk.options)
             end
 
             yield definition if block_given?
           end
 
-          transaction do
-            disable_referential_integrity do
+          disable_referential_integrity do
+            transaction do
               move_table(table_name, altered_table_name, options.merge(temporary: true))
               move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
             end
@@ -394,30 +563,52 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def copy_table(from, to, options = {})
           from_primary_key = primary_key(from)
           options[:id] = false
-          create_table(to, options) do |definition|
+          create_table(to, **options) do |definition|
             @definition = definition
             if from_primary_key.is_a?(Array)
               @definition.primary_keys from_primary_key
             end
+
             columns(from).each do |column|
               column_name = options[:rename] ?
                 (options[:rename][column.name] ||
                  options[:rename][column.name.to_sym] ||
                  column.name) : column.name
 
-              @definition.column(column_name, column.type,
-                limit: column.limit, default: column.default,
-                precision: column.precision, scale: column.scale,
-                null: column.null, collation: column.collation,
+              column_options = {
+                limit: column.limit,
+                precision: column.precision,
+                scale: column.scale,
+                null: column.null,
+                collation: column.collation,
                 primary_key: column_name == from_primary_key
-              )
+              }
+
+              if column.virtual?
+                column_options[:as] = column.default_function
+                column_options[:stored] = column.virtual_stored?
+                column_options[:type] = column.type
+              elsif column.has_default?
+                type = lookup_cast_type_from_column(column)
+                default = type.deserialize(column.default)
+                default = -> { column.default_function } if default.nil?
+
+                unless column.auto_increment?
+                  column_options[:default] = default
+                end
+              end
+
+              column_type = column.virtual? ? :virtual : (column.bigint? ? :bigint : column.type)
+              @definition.column(column_name, column_type, **column_options)
             end
 
             yield @definition if block_given?
           end
           copy_table_indexes(from, to, options[:rename] || {})
+
+          columns_to_copy = @definition.columns.reject { |col| col.options.key?(:as) }.map(&:name)
           copy_table_contents(from, to,
-            @definition.columns.map(&:name),
+            columns_to_copy,
             options[:rename] || {})
         end
 
@@ -440,10 +631,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
             unless columns.empty?
               # index name can't be the same
-              opts = { name: name.gsub(/(^|_)(#{from})_/, "\\1#{to}_"), internal: true }
-              opts[:unique] = true if index.unique
-              opts[:where] = index.where if index.where
-              add_index(to, columns, opts)
+              options = { name: name.gsub(/(^|_)(#{from})_/, "\\1#{to}_"), internal: true }
+              options[:unique] = true if index.unique
+              options[:where] = index.where if index.where
+              options[:order] = index.orders if index.orders
+              add_index(to, columns, **options)
             end
           end
         end
@@ -457,61 +649,63 @@ module ActiveRecord
           quoted_columns = columns.map { |col| quote_column_name(col) } * ","
           quoted_from_columns = from_columns_to_copy.map { |col| quote_column_name(col) } * ","
 
-          exec_query("INSERT INTO #{quote_table_name(to)} (#{quoted_columns})
+          internal_exec_query("INSERT INTO #{quote_table_name(to)} (#{quoted_columns})
                      SELECT #{quoted_from_columns} FROM #{quote_table_name(from)}")
         end
 
         def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
-          case exception.message
           # SQLite 3.8.2 returns a newly formatted error message:
           #   UNIQUE constraint failed: *table_name*.*column_name*
           # Older versions of SQLite return:
           #   column *column_name* is not unique
-          when /column(s)? .* (is|are) not unique/, /UNIQUE constraint failed: .*/
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
-          when /.* may not be NULL/, /NOT NULL constraint failed: .*/
-            NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
-          when /FOREIGN KEY constraint failed/i
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+          if exception.message.match?(/(column(s)? .* (is|are) not unique|UNIQUE constraint failed: .*)/i)
+            RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds, connection_pool: @pool)
+          elsif exception.message.match?(/(.* may not be NULL|NOT NULL constraint failed: .*)/i)
+            NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds, connection_pool: @pool)
+          elsif exception.message.match?(/FOREIGN KEY constraint failed/i)
+            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds, connection_pool: @pool)
+          elsif exception.message.match?(/called on a closed database/i)
+            ConnectionNotEstablished.new(exception, connection_pool: @pool)
           else
             super
           end
         end
 
-        COLLATE_REGEX = /.*\"(\w+)\".*collate\s+\"(\w+)\".*/i.freeze
+        COLLATE_REGEX = /.*"(\w+)".*collate\s+"(\w+)".*/i
+        PRIMARY_KEY_AUTOINCREMENT_REGEX = /.*"(\w+)".+PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT/i
+        GENERATED_ALWAYS_AS_REGEX = /.*"(\w+)".+GENERATED ALWAYS AS \((.+)\) (?:STORED|VIRTUAL)/i
 
         def table_structure_with_collation(table_name, basic_structure)
           collation_hash = {}
-          sql = <<~SQL
-            SELECT sql FROM
-              (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL
-               SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master)
-            WHERE type = 'table' AND name = #{quote(table_name)}
-          SQL
-
-          # Result will have following sample string
-          # CREATE TABLE "users" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
-          #                       "password_digest" varchar COLLATE "NOCASE");
-          result = exec_query(sql, "SCHEMA").first
+          auto_increments = {}
+          generated_columns = {}
 
-          if result
-            # Splitting with left parentheses and discarding the first part will return all
-            # columns separated with comma(,).
-            columns_string = result["sql"].split("(", 2).last
+          column_strings = table_structure_sql(table_name, basic_structure.map { |column| column["name"] })
 
-            columns_string.split(",").each do |column_string|
+          if column_strings.any?
+            column_strings.each do |column_string|
               # This regex will match the column name and collation type and will save
               # the value in $1 and $2 respectively.
               collation_hash[$1] = $2 if COLLATE_REGEX =~ column_string
+              auto_increments[$1] = true if PRIMARY_KEY_AUTOINCREMENT_REGEX =~ column_string
+              generated_columns[$1] = $2 if GENERATED_ALWAYS_AS_REGEX =~ column_string
             end
 
-            basic_structure.map! do |column|
+            basic_structure.map do |column|
               column_name = column["name"]
 
               if collation_hash.has_key? column_name
                 column["collation"] = collation_hash[column_name]
               end
 
+              if auto_increments.has_key?(column_name)
+                column["auto_increment"] = true
+              end
+
+              if generated_columns.has_key?(column_name)
+                column["dflt_value"] = generated_columns[column_name]
+              end
+
               column
             end
           else
@@ -519,6 +713,50 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
+        UNQUOTED_OPEN_PARENS_REGEX = /\((?![^'"]*['"][^'"]*$)/
+        FINAL_CLOSE_PARENS_REGEX = /\);*\z/
+
+        def table_structure_sql(table_name, column_names = nil)
+          unless column_names
+            column_info = table_info(table_name)
+            column_names = column_info.map { |column| column["name"] }
+          end
+
+          sql = <<~SQL
+            SELECT sql FROM
+              (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL
+               SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master)
+            WHERE type = 'table' AND name = #{quote(table_name)}
+          SQL
+
+          # Result will have following sample string
+          # CREATE TABLE "users" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
+          #                       "password_digest" varchar COLLATE "NOCASE",
+          #                       "o_id" integer,
+          #                       CONSTRAINT "fk_rails_78146ddd2e" FOREIGN KEY ("o_id") REFERENCES "os" ("id"));
+          result = query_value(sql, "SCHEMA")
+
+          return [] unless result
+
+          # Splitting with left parentheses and discarding the first part will return all
+          # columns separated with comma(,).
+          result.partition(UNQUOTED_OPEN_PARENS_REGEX)
+                .last
+                .sub(FINAL_CLOSE_PARENS_REGEX, "")
+                # column definitions can have a comma in them, so split on commas followed
+                # by a space and a column name in quotes or followed by the keyword CONSTRAINT
+                .split(/,(?=\s(?:CONSTRAINT|"(?:#{Regexp.union(column_names).source})"))/i)
+                .map(&:strip)
+        end
+
+        def table_info(table_name)
+          if supports_virtual_columns?
+            internal_exec_query("PRAGMA table_xinfo(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
+          else
+            internal_exec_query("PRAGMA table_info(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
+          end
+        end
+
         def arel_visitor
           Arel::Visitors::SQLite.new(self)
         end
@@ -528,29 +766,42 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def connect
-          @connection = ::SQLite3::Database.new(
-            @config[:database].to_s,
-            @config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
-          )
-          configure_connection
+          @raw_connection = self.class.new_client(@connection_parameters)
+        rescue ConnectionNotEstablished => ex
+          raise ex.set_pool(@pool)
+        end
+
+        def reconnect
+          if active?
+            @raw_connection.rollback rescue nil
+          else
+            connect
+          end
         end
 
         def configure_connection
-          @connection.busy_timeout(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:timeout])) if @config[:timeout]
+          if @config[:timeout] && @config[:retries]
+            raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify both timeout and retries arguments"
+          elsif @config[:timeout]
+            @raw_connection.busy_timeout(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:timeout]))
+          elsif @config[:retries]
+            retries = self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:retries])
+            raw_connection.busy_handler do |count|
+              count <= retries
+            end
+          end
 
-          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON", "SCHEMA")
-        end
+          super
 
-        class SQLite3Integer < Type::Integer # :nodoc:
-          private
-            def _limit
-              # INTEGER storage class can be stored 8 bytes value.
-              # See https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#storage_classes_and_datatypes
-              limit || 8
+          pragmas = @config.fetch(:pragmas, {}).stringify_keys
+          DEFAULT_PRAGMAS.merge(pragmas).each do |pragma, value|
+            if ::SQLite3::Pragmas.method_defined?("#{pragma}=")
+              @raw_connection.public_send("#{pragma}=", value)
+            else
+              warn "Unknown SQLite pragma: #{pragma}"
             end
+          end
         end
-
-        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:integer, SQLite3Integer, adapter: :sqlite3)
     end
     ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:active_record_sqlite3adapter, SQLite3Adapter)
   end