activerecord 5.2.3

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_limits.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
+    module DatabaseLimits
+      # Returns the maximum length of a table alias.
+      def table_alias_length
+        255
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum length of a column name.
+      def column_name_length
+        64
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum length of a table name.
+      def table_name_length
+        64
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum allowed length for an index name. This
+      # limit is enforced by \Rails and is less than or equal to
+      # #index_name_length. The gap between
+      # #index_name_length is to allow internal \Rails
+      # operations to use prefixes in temporary operations.
+      def allowed_index_name_length
+        index_name_length
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum length of an index name.
+      def index_name_length
+        64
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum number of columns per table.
+      def columns_per_table
+        1024
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum number of indexes per table.
+      def indexes_per_table
+        16
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum number of columns in a multicolumn index.
+      def columns_per_multicolumn_index
+        16
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum number of elements in an IN (x,y,z) clause.
+      # +nil+ means no limit.
+      def in_clause_length
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Returns the maximum length of an SQL query.
+      def sql_query_length
+        1048575
+      end
+
+      # Returns maximum number of joins in a single query.
+      def joins_per_query
+        256
+      end
+
+      private
+        def bind_params_length
+          65535
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
+    module DatabaseStatements
+      def initialize
+        super
+        reset_transaction
+      end
+
+      # Converts an arel AST to SQL
+      def to_sql(arel_or_sql_string, binds = [])
+        sql, _ = to_sql_and_binds(arel_or_sql_string, binds)
+        sql
+      end
+
+      def to_sql_and_binds(arel_or_sql_string, binds = []) # :nodoc:
+        if arel_or_sql_string.respond_to?(:ast)
+          unless binds.empty?
+            raise "Passing bind parameters with an arel AST is forbidden. " \
+              "The values must be stored on the AST directly"
+          end
+
+          if prepared_statements
+            sql, binds = visitor.accept(arel_or_sql_string.ast, collector).value
+
+            if binds.length > bind_params_length
+              unprepared_statement do
+                sql, binds = to_sql_and_binds(arel_or_sql_string)
+                visitor.preparable = false
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            sql = visitor.accept(arel_or_sql_string.ast, collector).value
+          end
+          [sql.freeze, binds]
+        else
+          visitor.preparable = false if prepared_statements
+          [arel_or_sql_string.dup.freeze, binds]
+        end
+      end
+      private :to_sql_and_binds
+
+      # This is used in the StatementCache object. It returns an object that
+      # can be used to query the database repeatedly.
+      def cacheable_query(klass, arel) # :nodoc:
+        if prepared_statements
+          sql, binds = visitor.accept(arel.ast, collector).value
+          query = klass.query(sql)
+        else
+          collector = PartialQueryCollector.new
+          parts, binds = visitor.accept(arel.ast, collector).value
+          query = klass.partial_query(parts)
+        end
+        [query, binds]
+      end
+
+      # Returns an ActiveRecord::Result instance.
+      def select_all(arel, name = nil, binds = [], preparable: nil)
+        arel = arel_from_relation(arel)
+        sql, binds = to_sql_and_binds(arel, binds)
+
+        if preparable.nil?
+          preparable = prepared_statements ? visitor.preparable : false
+        end
+
+        if prepared_statements && preparable
+          select_prepared(sql, name, binds)
+        else
+          select(sql, name, binds)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns a record hash with the column names as keys and column values
+      # as values.
+      def select_one(arel, name = nil, binds = [])
+        select_all(arel, name, binds).first
+      end
+
+      # Returns a single value from a record
+      def select_value(arel, name = nil, binds = [])
+        single_value_from_rows(select_rows(arel, name, binds))
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of the values of the first column in a select:
+      #   select_values("SELECT id FROM companies LIMIT 3") => [1,2,3]
+      def select_values(arel, name = nil, binds = [])
+        select_rows(arel, name, binds).map(&:first)
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of arrays containing the field values.
+      # Order is the same as that returned by +columns+.
+      def select_rows(arel, name = nil, binds = [])
+        select_all(arel, name, binds).rows
+      end
+
+      def query_value(sql, name = nil) # :nodoc:
+        single_value_from_rows(query(sql, name))
+      end
+
+      def query_values(sql, name = nil) # :nodoc:
+        query(sql, name).map(&:first)
+      end
+
+      def query(sql, name = nil) # :nodoc:
+        exec_query(sql, name).rows
+      end
+
+      # Executes the SQL statement in the context of this connection and returns
+      # the raw result from the connection adapter.
+      # Note: depending on your database connector, the result returned by this
+      # method may be manually memory managed. Consider using the exec_query
+      # wrapper instead.
+      def execute(sql, name = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      # Executes +sql+ statement in the context of this connection using
+      # +binds+ as the bind substitutes. +name+ is logged along with
+      # the executed +sql+ statement.
+      def exec_query(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], prepare: false)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      # Executes insert +sql+ statement in the context of this connection using
+      # +binds+ as the bind substitutes. +name+ is logged along with
+      # the executed +sql+ statement.
+      def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = [], pk = nil, sequence_name = nil)
+        sql, binds = sql_for_insert(sql, pk, nil, sequence_name, binds)
+        exec_query(sql, name, binds)
+      end
+
+      # Executes delete +sql+ statement in the context of this connection using
+      # +binds+ as the bind substitutes. +name+ is logged along with
+      # the executed +sql+ statement.
+      def exec_delete(sql, name = nil, binds = [])
+        exec_query(sql, name, binds)
+      end
+
+      # Executes the truncate statement.
+      def truncate(table_name, name = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      # Executes update +sql+ statement in the context of this connection using
+      # +binds+ as the bind substitutes. +name+ is logged along with
+      # the executed +sql+ statement.
+      def exec_update(sql, name = nil, binds = [])
+        exec_query(sql, name, binds)
+      end
+
+      # Executes an INSERT query and returns the new record's ID
+      #
+      # +id_value+ will be returned unless the value is +nil+, in
+      # which case the database will attempt to calculate the last inserted
+      # id and return that value.
+      #
+      # If the next id was calculated in advance (as in Oracle), it should be
+      # passed in as +id_value+.
+      def insert(arel, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil, binds = [])
+        sql, binds = to_sql_and_binds(arel, binds)
+        value = exec_insert(sql, name, binds, pk, sequence_name)
+        id_value || last_inserted_id(value)
+      end
+      alias create insert
+
+      # Executes the update statement and returns the number of rows affected.
+      def update(arel, name = nil, binds = [])
+        sql, binds = to_sql_and_binds(arel, binds)
+        exec_update(sql, name, binds)
+      end
+
+      # Executes the delete statement and returns the number of rows affected.
+      def delete(arel, name = nil, binds = [])
+        sql, binds = to_sql_and_binds(arel, binds)
+        exec_delete(sql, name, binds)
+      end
+
+      # Returns +true+ when the connection adapter supports prepared statement
+      # caching, otherwise returns +false+
+      def supports_statement_cache? # :nodoc:
+        true
+      end
+      deprecate :supports_statement_cache?
+
+      # Runs the given block in a database transaction, and returns the result
+      # of the block.
+      #
+      # == Nested transactions support
+      #
+      # Most databases don't support true nested transactions. At the time of
+      # writing, the only database that supports true nested transactions that
+      # we're aware of, is MS-SQL.
+      #
+      # In order to get around this problem, #transaction will emulate the effect
+      # of nested transactions, by using savepoints:
+      # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html
+      # Savepoints are supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL. SQLite3 version >= '3.6.8'
+      # supports savepoints.
+      #
+      # It is safe to call this method if a database transaction is already open,
+      # i.e. if #transaction is called within another #transaction block. In case
+      # of a nested call, #transaction will behave as follows:
+      #
+      # - The block will be run without doing anything. All database statements
+      #   that happen within the block are effectively appended to the already
+      #   open database transaction.
+      # - However, if +:requires_new+ is set, the block will be wrapped in a
+      #   database savepoint acting as a sub-transaction.
+      #
+      # === Caveats
+      #
+      # MySQL doesn't support DDL transactions. If you perform a DDL operation,
+      # then any created savepoints will be automatically released. For example,
+      # if you've created a savepoint, then you execute a CREATE TABLE statement,
+      # then the savepoint that was created will be automatically released.
+      #
+      # This means that, on MySQL, you shouldn't execute DDL operations inside
+      # a #transaction call that you know might create a savepoint. Otherwise,
+      # #transaction will raise exceptions when it tries to release the
+      # already-automatically-released savepoints:
+      #
+      #   Model.connection.transaction do  # BEGIN
+      #     Model.connection.transaction(requires_new: true) do  # CREATE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
+      #       Model.connection.create_table(...)
+      #       # active_record_1 now automatically released
+      #     end  # RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1  <--- BOOM! database error!
+      #   end
+      #
+      # == Transaction isolation
+      #
+      # If your database supports setting the isolation level for a transaction, you can set
+      # it like so:
+      #
+      #   Post.transaction(isolation: :serializable) do
+      #     # ...
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Valid isolation levels are:
+      #
+      # * <tt>:read_uncommitted</tt>
+      # * <tt>:read_committed</tt>
+      # * <tt>:repeatable_read</tt>
+      # * <tt>:serializable</tt>
+      #
+      # You should consult the documentation for your database to understand the
+      # semantics of these different levels:
+      #
+      # * https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/transaction-iso.html
+      # * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-transaction.html
+      #
+      # An ActiveRecord::TransactionIsolationError will be raised if:
+      #
+      # * The adapter does not support setting the isolation level
+      # * You are joining an existing open transaction
+      # * You are creating a nested (savepoint) transaction
+      #
+      # The mysql2 and postgresql adapters support setting the transaction
+      # isolation level.
+      def transaction(requires_new: nil, isolation: nil, joinable: true)
+        if !requires_new && current_transaction.joinable?
+          if isolation
+            raise ActiveRecord::TransactionIsolationError, "cannot set isolation when joining a transaction"
+          end
+          yield
+        else
+          transaction_manager.within_new_transaction(isolation: isolation, joinable: joinable) { yield }
+        end
+      rescue ActiveRecord::Rollback
+        # rollbacks are silently swallowed
+      end
+
+      attr_reader :transaction_manager #:nodoc:
+
+      delegate :within_new_transaction, :open_transactions, :current_transaction, :begin_transaction, :commit_transaction, :rollback_transaction, to: :transaction_manager
+
+      def transaction_open?
+        current_transaction.open?
+      end
+
+      def reset_transaction #:nodoc:
+        @transaction_manager = ConnectionAdapters::TransactionManager.new(self)
+      end
+
+      # Register a record with the current transaction so that its after_commit and after_rollback callbacks
+      # can be called.
+      def add_transaction_record(record)
+        current_transaction.add_record(record)
+      end
+
+      def transaction_state
+        current_transaction.state
+      end
+
+      # Begins the transaction (and turns off auto-committing).
+      def begin_db_transaction()    end
+
+      def transaction_isolation_levels
+        {
+          read_uncommitted: "READ UNCOMMITTED",
+          read_committed:   "READ COMMITTED",
+          repeatable_read:  "REPEATABLE READ",
+          serializable:     "SERIALIZABLE"
+        }
+      end
+
+      # Begins the transaction with the isolation level set. Raises an error by
+      # default; adapters that support setting the isolation level should implement
+      # this method.
+      def begin_isolated_db_transaction(isolation)
+        raise ActiveRecord::TransactionIsolationError, "adapter does not support setting transaction isolation"
+      end
+
+      # Commits the transaction (and turns on auto-committing).
+      def commit_db_transaction()   end
+
+      # Rolls back the transaction (and turns on auto-committing). Must be
+      # done if the transaction block raises an exception or returns false.
+      def rollback_db_transaction
+        exec_rollback_db_transaction
+      end
+
+      def exec_rollback_db_transaction() end #:nodoc:
+
+      def rollback_to_savepoint(name = nil)
+        exec_rollback_to_savepoint(name)
+      end
+
+      def default_sequence_name(table, column)
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Set the sequence to the max value of the table's column.
+      def reset_sequence!(table, column, sequence = nil)
+        # Do nothing by default. Implement for PostgreSQL, Oracle, ...
+      end
+
+      # Inserts the given fixture into the table. Overridden in adapters that require
+      # something beyond a simple insert (eg. Oracle).
+      # Most of adapters should implement `insert_fixtures` that leverages bulk SQL insert.
+      # We keep this method to provide fallback
+      # for databases like sqlite that do not support bulk inserts.
+      def insert_fixture(fixture, table_name)
+        fixture = fixture.stringify_keys
+
+        columns = schema_cache.columns_hash(table_name)
+        binds = fixture.map do |name, value|
+          if column = columns[name]
+            type = lookup_cast_type_from_column(column)
+            Relation::QueryAttribute.new(name, value, type)
+          else
+            raise Fixture::FixtureError, %(table "#{table_name}" has no column named #{name.inspect}.)
+          end
+        end
+
+        table = Arel::Table.new(table_name)
+
+        values = binds.map do |bind|
+          value = with_yaml_fallback(bind.value_for_database)
+          [table[bind.name], value]
+        end
+
+        manager = Arel::InsertManager.new
+        manager.into(table)
+        manager.insert(values)
+        execute manager.to_sql, "Fixture Insert"
+      end
+
+      # Inserts a set of fixtures into the table. Overridden in adapters that require
+      # something beyond a simple insert (eg. Oracle).
+      def insert_fixtures(fixtures, table_name)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
+          `insert_fixtures` is deprecated and will be removed in the next version of Rails.
+          Consider using `insert_fixtures_set` for performance improvement.
+        MSG
+        return if fixtures.empty?
+
+        execute(build_fixture_sql(fixtures, table_name), "Fixtures Insert")
+      end
+
+      def insert_fixtures_set(fixture_set, tables_to_delete = [])
+        fixture_inserts = fixture_set.map do |table_name, fixtures|
+          next if fixtures.empty?
+
+          build_fixture_sql(fixtures, table_name)
+        end.compact
+
+        table_deletes = tables_to_delete.map { |table| "DELETE FROM #{quote_table_name table}".dup }
+        total_sql = Array.wrap(combine_multi_statements(table_deletes + fixture_inserts))
+
+        disable_referential_integrity do
+          transaction(requires_new: true) do
+            total_sql.each do |sql|
+              execute sql, "Fixtures Load"
+              yield if block_given?
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def empty_insert_statement_value
+        "DEFAULT VALUES"
+      end
+
+      # Sanitizes the given LIMIT parameter in order to prevent SQL injection.
+      #
+      # The +limit+ may be anything that can evaluate to a string via #to_s. It
+      # should look like an integer, or an Arel SQL literal.
+      #
+      # Returns Integer and Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral limits as is.
+      def sanitize_limit(limit)
+        if limit.is_a?(Integer) || limit.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral)
+          limit
+        else
+          Integer(limit)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # The default strategy for an UPDATE with joins is to use a subquery. This doesn't work
+      # on MySQL (even when aliasing the tables), but MySQL allows using JOIN directly in
+      # an UPDATE statement, so in the MySQL adapters we redefine this to do that.
+      def join_to_update(update, select, key) # :nodoc:
+        subselect = subquery_for(key, select)
+
+        update.where key.in(subselect)
+      end
+      alias join_to_delete join_to_update
+
+      private
+        def default_insert_value(column)
+          Arel.sql("DEFAULT")
+        end
+
+        def build_fixture_sql(fixtures, table_name)
+          columns = schema_cache.columns_hash(table_name)
+
+          values = fixtures.map do |fixture|
+            fixture = fixture.stringify_keys
+
+            unknown_columns = fixture.keys - columns.keys
+            if unknown_columns.any?
+              raise Fixture::FixtureError, %(table "#{table_name}" has no columns named #{unknown_columns.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}.)
+            end
+
+            columns.map do |name, column|
+              if fixture.key?(name)
+                type = lookup_cast_type_from_column(column)
+                bind = Relation::QueryAttribute.new(name, fixture[name], type)
+                with_yaml_fallback(bind.value_for_database)
+              else
+                default_insert_value(column)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          table = Arel::Table.new(table_name)
+          manager = Arel::InsertManager.new
+          manager.into(table)
+          columns.each_key { |column| manager.columns << table[column] }
+          manager.values = manager.create_values_list(values)
+
+          manager.to_sql
+        end
+
+        def combine_multi_statements(total_sql)
+          total_sql.join(";\n")
+        end
+
+        # Returns a subquery for the given key using the join information.
+        def subquery_for(key, select)
+          subselect = select.clone
+          subselect.projections = [key]
+          subselect
+        end
+
+        # Returns an ActiveRecord::Result instance.
+        def select(sql, name = nil, binds = [])
+          exec_query(sql, name, binds, prepare: false)
+        end
+
+        def select_prepared(sql, name = nil, binds = [])
+          exec_query(sql, name, binds, prepare: true)
+        end
+
+        def sql_for_insert(sql, pk, id_value, sequence_name, binds)
+          [sql, binds]
+        end
+
+        def last_inserted_id(result)
+          single_value_from_rows(result.rows)
+        end
+
+        def single_value_from_rows(rows)
+          row = rows.first
+          row && row.first
+        end
+
+        def arel_from_relation(relation)
+          if relation.is_a?(Relation)
+            relation.arel
+          else
+            relation
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Fixture value is quoted by Arel, however scalar values
+        # are not quotable. In this case we want to convert
+        # the column value to YAML.
+        def with_yaml_fallback(value)
+          if value.is_a?(Hash) || value.is_a?(Array)
+            YAML.dump(value)
+          else
+            value
+          end
+        end
+
+        class PartialQueryCollector
+          def initialize
+            @parts = []
+            @binds = []
+          end
+
+          def <<(str)
+            @parts << str
+            self
+          end
+
+          def add_bind(obj)
+            @binds << obj
+            @parts << Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new(1)
+            self
+          end
+
+          def value
+            [@parts, @binds]
+          end
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end