activerecord 5.2.3 → 6.1.0

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,937 +1,1303 @@
-## Rails 5.2.3 (March 27, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
 
-*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
 
-    Fixes #35214.
+    Fixes #39065.
 
-    *Juani Villarejo*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
 
-    Fixes #33624.
+    Fixes #35204.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
 
-*   Restore an ability that class level `update` without giving ids.
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
 
-    Fixes #34743.
+    ```ruby
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
 
-*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Sean Doyle*
 
-*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
+    Before:
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+        MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
+      end
 
+    After:
 
-## Rails 5.2.2.1 (March 11, 2019) ##
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+        Dog.first # read from animals replica
+        Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+        Person.first # read from primary writer
+      end
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-## Rails 5.2.2 (December 04, 2018) ##
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-*   Do not ignore the scoping with query methods in the scope block.
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
+    *Steven Weber*
 
-    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres
-    adapter.
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
-*   Cached columns_hash fields should be excluded from ResultSet#column_types
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
-    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
-    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-    ```ruby
-    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
-      def deserialize(value)
-        "Developer: #{value}"
-      end
-    end
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = "developers"
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
-      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
-    end
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
-    developer.update_column :name, "name"
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
-    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Emmanuel Byrd*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
 
-*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
-    if the attribute does not exist.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
-*   Do not use prepared statement in queries that have a large number of binds.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
 
-*   Fix query cache to load before first request.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-    Fixes #33056.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
-*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
+    Before:
 
-    *Darwin Wu*
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
-*   Fix regression setting children record in parent `before_save` callback.
+    After:
 
-    *Guo Xiang Tan*
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
-*   Prevent leaking of user's DB credentials on `rails db:create` failure.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-*   Clear mutation tracker before continuing the around callbacks.
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
-    *Yuya Tanaka*
+    Before:
 
-*   Prevent deadlocks when waiting for connection from pool.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
-    *Brent Wheeldon*
+    After:
 
-*   Avoid extra scoping when using `Relation#update` that was causing this method to change the current scope.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix numericality validator not to be affected by custom getter.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-*   Fix bulk change table ignores comment option on PostgreSQL.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
+     Before:
 
-## Rails 5.2.1.1 (November 27, 2018) ##
+         User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+         # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-*   No changes.
+     After:
 
+         User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+         # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-## Rails 5.2.1 (August 07, 2018) ##
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Support new relkind for partitioned tables.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-    Fixes #33008.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yannick Schutz*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-*   Rollback parent transaction when children fails to update.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Guillaume Malette*
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-*   Fix default value for MySQL time types with specified precision.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
+    *Omri Gabay*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-*   Fix `save` in `after_create_commit` won't invoke extra `after_create_commit`.
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
-    Fixes #32831.
+    Example usage:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
-*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Brian Durand*
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
 
-*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    Fixes #32940.
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Santosh Wadghule*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix that association's after_touch is not called with counter cache.
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-    Fixes #31559.
+    *James Adam*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add `values_at` method.
 
-*   `becomes` should clear the mutation tracker which is created in `after_initialize`.
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
 
-    Fixes #32867.
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
 
-*   Allow a belonging to parent object to be created from a new record.
+    *Guillaume Briday*
 
-    *Jolyon Pawlyn*
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
 
-*   Fix that building record with assigning multiple has_one associations
-    wrongly persists through record.
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-    Fixes #32511.
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
 
-    *Sam DeCesare*
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Fix relation merging when one of the relations is going to skip the
-    query cache.
+    *Eliot Sykes*
 
-    *James Williams*
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
 
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
+    ```
 
-## Rails 5.2.0 (April 09, 2018) ##
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-*   MySQL: Support mysql2 0.5.x.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Aaron Stone*
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-*   Apply time column precision on assignment.
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-    PR #20317 changed the behavior of datetime columns so that when they
-    have a specified precision then on assignment the value is rounded to
-    that precision. This behavior is now applied to time columns as well.
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-    Fixes #30301.
+    To keep old behavior until 6.2 is released:
 
-    *Andrew White*
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
-*   Normalize time column values for SQLite database.
+    Example:
 
-    For legacy reasons, time columns in SQLite are stored as full datetimes
-    because until #24542 the quoting for time columns didn't remove the date
-    component. To ensure that values are consistent we now normalize the
-    date component to 2001-01-01 on reading and writing.
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
 
-    *Andrew White*
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-*   Ensure that the date component is removed when quoting times.
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-    PR #24542 altered the quoting for time columns so that the date component
-    was removed however it only removed it when it was 2001-01-01. Now the
-    date component is removed irrespective of what the date is.
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-    *Andrew White*
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-*   Fix `dependent: :destroy` issue for has_one/belongs_to relationship where
-    the parent class was getting deleted when the child was not.
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #32022.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    *Fernando Gorodscy*
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Whitelist `NULLS FIRST` and `NULLS LAST` in order clauses too.
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-    *Xavier Noria*
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-*   Fix that after commit callbacks on update does not triggered when optimistic locking is enabled.
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-*   Fix `#columns_for_distinct` of MySQL and PostgreSQL to make
-    `ActiveRecord::FinderMethods#limited_ids_for` use correct primary key values
-    even if `ORDER BY` columns include other table's primary key.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #28364.
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-    *Takumi Kagiyama*
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-*   Make `reflection.klass` raise if `polymorphic?` not to be misused.
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-    Fixes #31876.
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
+
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Allow pg-1.0 gem to be used with Active Record.
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
 
-    *Lars Kanis*
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
 
-*   Deprecate `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates` without replacement.
-    Using a `Relation` for performing queries is the prefered API.
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix not expanded problem when passing an Array object as argument to the where method using `composed_of` column.
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
 
-    ```
-    david_balance = customers(:david).balance
-    Customer.where(balance: [david_balance]).to_sql
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
 
-    # Before: WHERE `customers`.`balance` = NULL
-    # After : WHERE `customers`.`balance` = 50
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
     ```
 
-    Fixes #31723.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-    *Yutaro Kanagawa*
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
 
-*   Fix `count(:all)` with eager loading and having an order other than the driving table.
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
 
-    Fixes #31783.
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Clear the transaction state when an Active Record object is duped.
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
 
-    Fixes #31670.
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
 
-    *Yuriy Ustushenko*
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
+    ```
 
-*   Support for PostgreSQL foreign tables.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *fatkodima*
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
-*   Fix relation merger issue with `left_outer_joins`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-*   Don't allow destroyed object mutation after `save` or `save!` is called.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Take into account association conditions when deleting through records.
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
 
-    Fixes #18424.
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
 
-    *Piotr Jakubowski*
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
 
-*   Fix nested `has_many :through` associations on unpersisted parent instances.
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
+    ```
 
-    For example, if you have
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :author
-          has_many :books, through: :author
-          has_many :subscriptions, through: :books
-        end
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 6.2.
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
 
-        class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_one :post
-          has_many :books
-          has_many :subscriptions, through: :books
-        end
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-        class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :author
-          has_many :subscriptions
-        end
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-        class Subscription < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :book
-        end
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
-    Before:
+    # Rails 6.2 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-    If `post` is not persisted, then `post.subscriptions` will be empty.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    After:
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
 
-    If `post` is not persisted, then `post.subscriptions` can be set and used
-    just like it would if `post` were persisted.
+    *Peter Fry*
 
-    Fixes #16313.
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
 
-    *Zoltan Kiss*
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-*   Fixed inconsistency with `first(n)` when used with `limit()`.
-    The `first(n)` finder now respects the `limit()`, making it consistent
-    with `relation.to_a.first(n)`, and also with the behavior of `last(n)`.
+    Usage:
 
-    Fixes #23979.
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
 
-    *Brian Christian*
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
+    ```
 
-*   Use `count(:all)` in `HasManyAssociation#count_records` to prevent invalid
-    SQL queries for association counting.
+    Fixes #39516.
 
-    *Klas Eskilson*
+    *Austen Madden*
 
-*   Fix to invoke callbacks when using `update_attribute`.
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
 
-    *Mike Busch*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Fix `count(:all)` to correctly work `distinct` with custom SELECT list.
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Using subselect for `delete_all` with `limit` or `offset`.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Undefine attribute methods on descendants when resetting column
-    information.
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    *Chris Salzberg*
+      has_many :projects
+    end
 
-*   Log database query callers.
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    Add `verbose_query_logs` configuration option to display the caller
-    of database queries in the log to facilitate N+1 query resolution
-    and other debugging.
+    *bogdanvlviv*
 
-    Enabled in development only for new and upgraded applications. Not
-    recommended for use in the production environment since it relies
-    on Ruby's `Kernel#caller_locations` which is fairly slow.
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
 
-    *Olivier Lacan*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix conflicts `counter_cache` with `touch: true` by optimistic locking.
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
 
-    ```
-    # create_table :posts do |t|
-    #   t.integer :comments_count, default: 0
-    #   t.integer :lock_version
-    #   t.timestamps
-    # end
-    class Post < ApplicationRecord
-    end
+    Before:
 
-    # create_table :comments do |t|
-    #   t.belongs_to :post
-    # end
-    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
-      belongs_to :post, touch: true, counter_cache: true
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
     end
     ```
 
-    Before:
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
     ```
-    post = Post.create!
-    # => begin transaction
-         INSERT INTO "posts" ("created_at", "updated_at", "lock_version")
-         VALUES ("2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", "2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", 0)
-         commit transaction
 
-    comment = Comment.create!(post: post)
-    # => begin transaction
-         INSERT INTO "comments" ("post_id") VALUES (1)
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-         UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) + 1,
-         "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
 
-         UPDATE "posts" SET "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:27:11.398330',
-         "lock_version" = 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1 AND "posts"."lock_version" = 0
-         rollback transaction
-    # => ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError: Attempted to touch a stale object: Post.
+    *DHH*
 
-    Comment.take.destroy!
-    # => begin transaction
-         DELETE FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."id" = 1
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
 
-         UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) - 1,
-         "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
 
-         UPDATE "posts" SET "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:42:47.785901',
-         "lock_version" = 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1 AND "posts"."lock_version" = 0
-         rollback transaction
-    # => ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError: Attempted to touch a stale object: Post.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
+
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
+
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
     ```
 
-    After:
-    ```
-    post = Post.create!
-    # => begin transaction
-         INSERT INTO "posts" ("created_at", "updated_at", "lock_version")
-         VALUES ("2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", "2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", 0)
-         commit transaction
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    comment = Comment.create!(post: post)
-    # => begin transaction
-         INSERT INTO "comments" ("post_id") VALUES (1)
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-         UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) + 1,
-         "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1,
-         "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:37:09.802642' WHERE "posts"."id" = 1
-         commit transaction
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
-    comment.destroy!
-    # => begin transaction
-         DELETE FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."id" = 1
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-         UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) - 1,
-         "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1,
-         "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:39:02.685520' WHERE "posts"."id" = 1
-         commit transaction
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
+
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
     ```
 
-    Fixes #31199.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-*   Add support for PostgreSQL operator classes to `add_index`.
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-    Example:
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-        add_index :users, :name, using: :gist, opclass: { name: :gist_trgm_ops }
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-    *Greg Navis*
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-*   Don't allow scopes to be defined which conflict with instance methods on `Relation`.
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-    Fixes #31120.
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    *kinnrot*
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-*   Add new error class `QueryCanceled` which will be raised
-    when canceling statement due to user request.
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `#up_only` to database migrations for code that is only relevant when
-    migrating up, e.g. populating a new column.
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-    *Rich Daley*
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-*   Require raw SQL fragments to be explicitly marked when used in
-    relation query methods.
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    Before:
-    ```
-    Article.order("LENGTH(title)")
-    ```
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-    After:
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
+
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
     ```
-    Article.order(Arel.sql("LENGTH(title)"))
+
+    *DHH*
+
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
+
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
+
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
+
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
+
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
+
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
     ```
 
-    This prevents SQL injection if applications use the [strongly
-    discouraged] form `Article.order(params[:my_order])`, under the
-    mistaken belief that only column names will be accepted.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
+
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
+
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
 
-    Raw SQL strings will now cause a deprecation warning, which will
-    become an UnknownAttributeReference error in Rails 6.0. Applications
-    can opt in to the future behavior by setting `allow_unsafe_raw_sql`
-    to `:disabled`.
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
 
-    Common and judged-safe string values (such as simple column
-    references) are unaffected:
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
+
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
     ```
-    Article.order("title DESC")
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
+
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
     ```
 
-    *Ben Toews*
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-*   `update_all` will now pass its values to `Type#cast` before passing them to
-    `Type#serialize`. This means that `update_all(foo: 'true')` will properly
-    persist a boolean.
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add new error class `StatementTimeout` which will be raised
-    when statement timeout exceeded.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix `bin/rails db:migrate` with specified `VERSION`.
-    `bin/rails db:migrate` with empty VERSION behaves as without `VERSION`.
-    Check a format of `VERSION`: Allow a migration version number
-    or name of a migration file. Raise error if format of `VERSION` is invalid.
-    Raise error if target migration doesn't exist.
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fixed a bug where column orders for an index weren't written to
-    `db/schema.rb` when using the sqlite adapter.
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-    Fixes #30902.
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-    *Paul Kuruvilla*
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `#sanitize_conditions`.
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `#scope_chain`.
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated configuration `.error_on_ignored_order_or_limit`.
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-*   Remove deprecated arguments from `#verify!`.
+    *Josh Brody*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-*   Remove deprecated argument `name` from `#indexes`.
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name`.
+    ```ruby
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `supports_primary_key?`.
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `supports_migrations?`.
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-*   Remove deprecated methods `initialize_schema_migrations_table` and `initialize_internal_metadata_table`.
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
 
-*   Raises when calling `lock!` in a dirty record.
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to passing a class to `:class_name` on associations.
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
 
-*   Remove deprecated argument `default` from `index_name_exists?`.
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to `quoted_id` when typecasting an Active Record object.
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
 
-*   Fix `bin/rails db:setup` and `bin/rails db:test:prepare` create wrong
-    ar_internal_metadata's data for a test database.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Before:
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
+
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
+
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
+
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
+
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
+
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    Given the following configuration:
+
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
     ```
-    $ RAILS_ENV=test rails dbconsole
-    > SELECT * FROM ar_internal_metadata;
-    key|value|created_at|updated_at
-    environment|development|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679
+
+    Connect to multiple shards:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
+
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
     ```
 
-    After:
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
     ```
-    $ RAILS_ENV=test rails dbconsole
-    > SELECT * FROM ar_internal_metadata;
-    key|value|created_at|updated_at
-    environment|test|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679
+
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
+
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
+
+    Deprecated behavior:
+
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
     ```
 
-    Fixes #26731.
+    New behavior:
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
 
-*   Fix longer sequence name detection for serial columns.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Fixes #28332.
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-*   MySQL: Don't lose `auto_increment: true` in the `db/schema.rb`.
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #30894.
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    ```
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
 
-*   Fix `COUNT(DISTINCT ...)` for `GROUP BY` with `ORDER BY` and `LIMIT`.
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    Fixes #30886.
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
 
-*   PostgreSQL `tsrange` now preserves subsecond precision.
+    Usage:
 
-    PostgreSQL 9.1+ introduced range types, and Rails added support for using
-    this datatype in Active Record. However, the serialization of
-    `PostgreSQL::OID::Range` was incomplete, because it did not properly
-    cast the bounds that make up the range. This led to subseconds being
-    dropped in SQL commands:
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
+    end
 
-    Before:
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-        connection.type_cast(tsrange.serialize(range_value))
-        # => "[2010-01-01 13:30:00 UTC,2011-02-02 19:30:00 UTC)"
+    *Kevin Deisz*
 
-    Now:
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
 
-        connection.type_cast(tsrange.serialize(range_value))
-        # => "[2010-01-01 13:30:00.670277,2011-02-02 19:30:00.745125)"
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
 
-    *Thomas Cannon*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Passing a `Set` to `Relation#where` now behaves the same as passing an
-    array.
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   Use given algorithm while removing index from database.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
 
-    Fixes #24190.
+    *Sebastián Palma*
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
 
-*   Update payload names for `sql.active_record` instrumentation to be
-    more descriptive.
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
 
-    Fixes #30586.
+    Example Usage:
 
-    *Jeremy Green*
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Add new error class `LockWaitTimeout` which will be raised
-    when lock wait timeout exceeded.
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Gabriel Courtemanche*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#migration_keys`.
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-*   Automatically guess the inverse associations for STI.
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-*   Ensure `sum` honors `distinct` on `has_many :through` associations.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    Fixes #16791.
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
-    *Aaron Wortham*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Add `binary` fixture helper method.
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
 
-    *Atsushi Yoshida*
+    For example:
 
-*   When using `Relation#or`, extract the common conditions and put them before the OR condition.
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
+    ```
 
-    *Maxime Handfield Lapointe*
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-*   `Relation#or` now accepts two relations who have different values for
-    `references` only, as `references` can be implicitly called by `where`.
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-    Fixes #29411.
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   `ApplicationRecord` is no longer generated when generating models. If you
-    need to generate it, it can be created with `rails g application_record`.
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-    *Lisa Ugray*
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-*   Fix `COUNT(DISTINCT ...)` with `ORDER BY` and `LIMIT` to keep the existing select list.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
-*   When a `has_one` association is destroyed by `dependent: destroy`,
-    `destroyed_by_association` will now be set to the reflection, matching the
-    behaviour of `has_many` associations.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-    *Lisa Ugray*
+    Before:
 
-*   Fix `unscoped(where: [columns])` removing the wrong bind values.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
 
-    When the `where` is called on a relation after a `or`, unscoping the column of that later `where` removed
-    bind values used by the `or` instead. (possibly other cases too)
+    After:
 
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
     ```
-    Post.where(id: 1).or(Post.where(id: 2)).where(foo: 3).unscope(where: :foo).to_sql
-    # Currently:
-    #     SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE ("posts"."id" = 2 OR "posts"."id" = 3)
-    # With fix:
-    #     SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE ("posts"."id" = 1 OR "posts"."id" = 2)
+
+    *Tom Rossi*
+
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
+
+    Fixes #38078.
+
+    *Aaron Lipman*
+
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
+
+    *Brian Buchalter*
+
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
+
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
     ```
 
-    *Maxime Handfield Lapointe*
+    After:
 
-*   Values constructed using multi-parameter assignment will now use the
-    post-type-cast value for rendering in single-field form inputs.
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   `Relation#joins` is no longer affected by the target model's
-    `current_scope`, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Fixes #29338.
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Change sqlite3 boolean serialization to use 1 and 0.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    SQLite natively recognizes 1 and 0 as true and false, but does not natively
-    recognize 't' and 'f' as was previously serialized.
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-    This change in serialization requires a migration of stored boolean data
-    for SQLite databases, so it's implemented behind a configuration flag
-    whose default false value is deprecated.
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-    *Lisa Ugray*
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-*   Skip query caching when working with batches of records (`find_each`, `find_in_batches`,
-    `in_batches`).
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-    Previously, records would be fetched in batches, but all records would be retained in memory
-    until the end of the request or job.
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Prevent errors raised by `sql.active_record` notification subscribers from being converted into
-    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` exceptions.
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-    *Dennis Taylor*
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-*   Fix eager loading/preloading association with scope including joins.
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-    Fixes #28324.
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix transactions to apply state to child transactions.
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-    Previously, if you had a nested transaction and the outer transaction was rolledback, the record from the
-    inner transaction would still be marked as persisted.
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    This change fixes that by applying the state of the parent transaction to the child transaction when the
-    parent transaction is rolledback. This will correctly mark records from the inner transaction as not persisted.
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-*   Deprecate `set_state` method in `TransactionState`.
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-    Deprecated the `set_state` method in favor of setting the state via specific methods. If you need to mark the
-    state of the transaction you can now use `rollback!`, `commit!` or `nullify!` instead of
-    `set_state(:rolledback)`, `set_state(:committed)`, or `set_state(nil)`.
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-*   Deprecate delegating to `arel` in `Relation`.
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-*   Query cache was unavailable when entering the `ActiveRecord::Base.cache` block
-    without being connected.
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-    *Tsukasa Oishi*
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
 
-*   Previously, when building records using a `has_many :through` association,
-    if the child records were deleted before the parent was saved, they would
-    still be persisted. Now, if child records are deleted before the parent is saved
-    on a `has_many :through` association, the child records will not be persisted.
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-    *Tobias Kraze*
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
-*   Merging two relations representing nested joins no longer transforms the joins of
-    the merged relation into LEFT OUTER JOIN.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Example:
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
 
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
     ```
-    Author.joins(:posts).merge(Post.joins(:comments))
-    # Before the change:
-    #=> SELECT ... FROM authors INNER JOIN posts ON ... LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON...
 
-    # After the change:
-    #=> SELECT ... FROM authors INNER JOIN posts ON ... INNER JOIN comments ON...
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
     ```
 
-    *Maxime Handfield Lapointe*
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Persistence#touch` does not work well when optimistic locking enabled and
-    `locking_column`, without default value, is null in the database.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix destroying existing object does not work well when optimistic locking enabled and
-    `locking_column` is null in the database.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
+
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
+
+    Before:
+
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
+
+    After:
+
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Use bulk INSERT to insert fixtures for better performance.
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
 
     *Kir Shatrov*
 
-*   Prevent creation of bind param if casted value is nil.
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
+
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate passing arguments and block at the same time to `count` and `sum` in `ActiveRecord::Calculations`.
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
+
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Loading model schema from database is now thread-safe.
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    Fixes #28589.
+    *James Pearson*
 
-    *Vikrant Chaudhary*, *David Abdemoulaie*
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via the new versioned entries
-    in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that `ActiveRecord::Base#cache_key` will now return a stable key
-    that does not include a timestamp any more.
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `#cache_key` will still return cache keys with timestamps
-    until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.cache_versioning = true`. That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 5.2+
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-*   Respect `SchemaDumper.ignore_tables` in rake tasks for databases structure dump.
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-    *Rusty Geldmacher*, *Guillermo Iguaran*
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-*   Add type caster to `RuntimeReflection#alias_name`.
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-    Fixes #28959.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-    *Jon Moss*
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-*   Deprecate `supports_statement_cache?`.
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-*   Raise error `UnknownMigrationVersionError` on the movement of migrations
-    when the current migration does not exist.
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-*   Fix `bin/rails db:forward` first migration.
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Support Descending Indexes for MySQL.
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-    MySQL 8.0.1 and higher supports descending indexes: `DESC` in an index definition is no longer ignored.
-    See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/descending-indexes.html.
+    Fixes #36022.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix inconsistency with changed attributes when overriding Active Record attribute reader.
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+    Fixes #36465.
+
+    *Jeff Doering*
+
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
+
+    *Mark Lee*
+
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
+
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+
+    Fixes #29966.
+
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   When calling the dynamic fixture accessor method with no arguments, it now returns all fixtures of this type.
-    Previously this method always returned an empty array.
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
 
-    *Kevin McPhillips*
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
 
-Please check [5-1-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.