activerecord 4.2.0 → 5.0.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb

@@ -1,31 +1,23 @@
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool'
-
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/utils'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/column'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/quoting'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/referential_integrity'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_definitions'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements'
-
-require 'arel/visitors/bind_visitor'
-
-# Make sure we're using pg high enough for PGResult#values
-gem 'pg', '~> 0.15'
+# Make sure we're using pg high enough for type casts and Ruby 2.2+ compatibility
+gem 'pg', '~> 0.18'
 require 'pg'
 
-require 'ipaddr'
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/column"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/explain_pretty_printer"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/quoting"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/referential_integrity"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_definitions"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_dumper"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/type_metadata"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/utils"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionHandling # :nodoc:
-    VALID_CONN_PARAMS = [:host, :hostaddr, :port, :dbname, :user, :password, :connect_timeout,
-                         :client_encoding, :options, :application_name, :fallback_application_name,
-                         :keepalives, :keepalives_idle, :keepalives_interval, :keepalives_count,
-                         :tty, :sslmode, :requiressl, :sslcompression, :sslcert, :sslkey,
-                         :sslrootcert, :sslcrl, :requirepeer, :krbsrvname, :gsslib, :service]
-
     # Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects
     def postgresql_connection(config)
       conn_params = config.symbolize_keys
@@ -37,7 +29,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       conn_params[:dbname] = conn_params.delete(:database) if conn_params[:database]
 
       # Forward only valid config params to PGconn.connect.
-      conn_params.keep_if { |k, _| VALID_CONN_PARAMS.include?(k) }
+      valid_conn_param_keys = PGconn.conndefaults_hash.keys + [:requiressl]
+      conn_params.slice!(*valid_conn_param_keys)
 
       # The postgres drivers don't allow the creation of an unconnected PGconn object,
       # so just pass a nil connection object for the time being.
@@ -64,21 +57,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   <tt>SET client_min_messages TO <min_messages></tt> call on the connection.
     # * <tt>:variables</tt> - An optional hash of additional parameters that
     #   will be used in <tt>SET SESSION key = val</tt> calls on the connection.
-    # * <tt>:insert_returning</tt> - An optional boolean to control the use or <tt>RETURNING</tt> for <tt>INSERT</tt> statements
+    # * <tt>:insert_returning</tt> - An optional boolean to control the use of <tt>RETURNING</tt> for <tt>INSERT</tt> statements
     #   defaults to true.
     #
     # Any further options are used as connection parameters to libpq. See
-    # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/libpq-connect.html for the
+    # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-connect.html for the
     # list of parameters.
     #
     # In addition, default connection parameters of libpq can be set per environment variables.
-    # See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/libpq-envars.html .
+    # See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-envars.html .
     class PostgreSQLAdapter < AbstractAdapter
       ADAPTER_NAME = 'PostgreSQL'.freeze
 
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
         primary_key: "serial primary key",
-        bigserial: "bigserial",
         string:      { name: "character varying" },
         text:        { name: "text" },
         integer:     { name: "integer" },
@@ -95,7 +87,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         int8range:   { name: "int8range" },
         binary:      { name: "bytea" },
         boolean:     { name: "boolean" },
-        bigint:      { name: "bigint" },
         xml:         { name: "xml" },
         tsvector:    { name: "tsvector" },
         hstore:      { name: "hstore" },
@@ -108,6 +99,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         ltree:       { name: "ltree" },
         citext:      { name: "citext" },
         point:       { name: "point" },
+        line:        { name: "line" },
+        lseg:        { name: "lseg" },
+        box:         { name: "box" },
+        path:        { name: "path" },
+        polygon:     { name: "polygon" },
+        circle:      { name: "circle" },
         bit:         { name: "bit" },
         bit_varying: { name: "bit varying" },
         money:       { name: "money" },
@@ -119,27 +116,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
       include PostgreSQL::ReferentialIntegrity
       include PostgreSQL::SchemaStatements
       include PostgreSQL::DatabaseStatements
-      include Savepoints
+      include PostgreSQL::ColumnDumper
 
       def schema_creation # :nodoc:
         PostgreSQL::SchemaCreation.new self
       end
 
-      # Adds +:array+ option to the default set provided by the
-      # AbstractAdapter
-      def prepare_column_options(column, types) # :nodoc:
-        spec = super
-        spec[:array] = 'true' if column.respond_to?(:array) && column.array
-        spec[:default] = "\"#{column.default_function}\"" if column.default_function
-        spec
-      end
-
-      # Adds +:array+ as a valid migration key
-      def migration_keys
-        super + [:array]
+      def arel_visitor # :nodoc:
+        Arel::Visitors::PostgreSQL.new(self)
       end
 
-      # Returns +true+, since this connection adapter supports prepared statement
+      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports prepared statement
       # caching.
       def supports_statement_cache?
         true
@@ -153,6 +140,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_expression_index?
+        true
+      end
+
       def supports_transaction_isolation?
         true
       end
@@ -165,52 +156,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_datetime_with_precision?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_json?
+        postgresql_version >= 90200
+      end
+
+      def supports_comments?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_savepoints?
+        true
+      end
+
       def index_algorithms
         { concurrently: 'CONCURRENTLY' }
       end
 
       class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool
         def initialize(connection, max)
-          super
+          super(max)
+          @connection = connection
           @counter = 0
-          @cache   = Hash.new { |h,pid| h[pid] = {} }
         end
 
-        def each(&block); cache.each(&block); end
-        def key?(key);    cache.key?(key); end
-        def [](key);      cache[key]; end
-        def length;       cache.length; end
-
         def next_key
           "a#{@counter + 1}"
         end
 
         def []=(sql, key)
-          while @max <= cache.size
-            dealloc(cache.shift.last)
-          end
-          @counter += 1
-          cache[sql] = key
-        end
-
-        def clear
-          cache.each_value do |stmt_key|
-            dealloc stmt_key
-          end
-          cache.clear
-        end
-
-        def delete(sql_key)
-          dealloc cache[sql_key]
-          cache.delete sql_key
+          super.tap { @counter += 1 }
         end
 
         private
 
-          def cache
-            @cache[Process.pid]
-          end
-
           def dealloc(key)
             @connection.query "DEALLOCATE #{key}" if connection_active?
           end
@@ -224,29 +206,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # Initializes and connects a PostgreSQL adapter.
       def initialize(connection, logger, connection_parameters, config)
-        super(connection, logger)
-
-        @visitor = Arel::Visitors::PostgreSQL.new self
-        if self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(config.fetch(:prepared_statements) { true })
-          @prepared_statements = true
-        else
-          @prepared_statements = false
-        end
+        super(connection, logger, config)
 
-        @connection_parameters, @config = connection_parameters, config
+        @connection_parameters = connection_parameters
 
         # @local_tz is initialized as nil to avoid warnings when connect tries to use it
         @local_tz = nil
         @table_alias_length = nil
 
         connect
+        add_pg_encoders
         @statements = StatementPool.new @connection,
-                                        self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config.fetch(:statement_limit) { 1000 })
+                                        self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:statement_limit])
 
-        if postgresql_version < 80200
-          raise "Your version of PostgreSQL (#{postgresql_version}) is too old, please upgrade!"
+        if postgresql_version < 90100
+          raise "Your version of PostgreSQL (#{postgresql_version}) is too old. Active Record supports PostgreSQL >= 9.1."
         end
 
+        add_pg_decoders
+
         @type_map = Type::HashLookupTypeMap.new
         initialize_type_map(type_map)
         @local_tz = execute('SHOW TIME ZONE', 'SCHEMA').first["TimeZone"]
@@ -308,25 +286,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
-      # Enable standard-conforming strings if available.
       def set_standard_conforming_strings
-        old, self.client_min_messages = client_min_messages, 'panic'
-        execute('SET standard_conforming_strings = on', 'SCHEMA') rescue nil
-      ensure
-        self.client_min_messages = old
+        execute('SET standard_conforming_strings = on', 'SCHEMA')
       end
 
       def supports_ddl_transactions?
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_advisory_locks?
+        true
+      end
+
       def supports_explain?
         true
       end
 
-      # Returns true if pg > 9.1
       def supports_extensions?
-        postgresql_version >= 90100
+        true
       end
 
       # Range datatypes weren't introduced until PostgreSQL 9.2
@@ -338,6 +315,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
         postgresql_version >= 90300
       end
 
+      def get_advisory_lock(lock_id) # :nodoc:
+        unless lock_id.is_a?(Integer) && lock_id.bit_length <= 63
+          raise(ArgumentError, "Postgres requires advisory lock ids to be a signed 64 bit integer")
+        end
+        select_value("SELECT pg_try_advisory_lock(#{lock_id});")
+      end
+
+      def release_advisory_lock(lock_id) # :nodoc:
+        unless lock_id.is_a?(Integer) && lock_id.bit_length <= 63
+          raise(ArgumentError, "Postgres requires advisory lock ids to be a signed 64 bit integer")
+        end
+        select_value("SELECT pg_advisory_unlock(#{lock_id})")
+      end
+
       def enable_extension(name)
         exec_query("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS \"#{name}\"").tap {
           reload_type_map
@@ -404,14 +395,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         "average" => "avg",
       }
 
-      protected
+      # Returns the version of the connected PostgreSQL server.
+      def postgresql_version
+        @connection.server_version
+      end
 
-        # Returns the version of the connected PostgreSQL server.
-        def postgresql_version
-          @connection.server_version
-        end
+      protected
 
-        # See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/errcodes-appendix.html
+        # See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
+        VALUE_LIMIT_VIOLATION = "22001"
         FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION = "23503"
         UNIQUE_VIOLATION      = "23505"
 
@@ -420,9 +412,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           case exception.result.try(:error_field, PGresult::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
           when UNIQUE_VIOLATION
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message, exception)
+            RecordNotUnique.new(message)
           when FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, exception)
+            InvalidForeignKey.new(message)
+          when VALUE_LIMIT_VIOLATION
+            ValueTooLong.new(message)
           else
             super
           end
@@ -444,11 +438,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def initialize_type_map(m) # :nodoc:
-          register_class_with_limit m, 'int2', OID::Integer
-          m.alias_type 'int4', 'int2'
-          m.alias_type 'int8', 'int2'
+          register_class_with_limit m, 'int2', Type::Integer
+          register_class_with_limit m, 'int4', Type::Integer
+          register_class_with_limit m, 'int8', Type::Integer
           m.alias_type 'oid', 'int2'
-          m.register_type 'float4', OID::Float.new
+          m.register_type 'float4', Type::Float.new
           m.alias_type 'float8', 'float4'
           m.register_type 'text', Type::Text.new
           register_class_with_limit m, 'varchar', Type::String
@@ -459,8 +453,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           register_class_with_limit m, 'bit', OID::Bit
           register_class_with_limit m, 'varbit', OID::BitVarying
           m.alias_type 'timestamptz', 'timestamp'
-          m.register_type 'date', OID::Date.new
-          m.register_type 'time', OID::Time.new
+          m.register_type 'date', Type::Date.new
 
           m.register_type 'money', OID::Money.new
           m.register_type 'bytea', OID::Bytea.new
@@ -476,20 +469,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
           m.register_type 'macaddr', OID::SpecializedString.new(:macaddr)
           m.register_type 'citext', OID::SpecializedString.new(:citext)
           m.register_type 'ltree', OID::SpecializedString.new(:ltree)
+          m.register_type 'line', OID::SpecializedString.new(:line)
+          m.register_type 'lseg', OID::SpecializedString.new(:lseg)
+          m.register_type 'box', OID::SpecializedString.new(:box)
+          m.register_type 'path', OID::SpecializedString.new(:path)
+          m.register_type 'polygon', OID::SpecializedString.new(:polygon)
+          m.register_type 'circle', OID::SpecializedString.new(:circle)
 
           # FIXME: why are we keeping these types as strings?
           m.alias_type 'interval', 'varchar'
-          m.alias_type 'path', 'varchar'
-          m.alias_type 'line', 'varchar'
-          m.alias_type 'polygon', 'varchar'
-          m.alias_type 'circle', 'varchar'
-          m.alias_type 'lseg', 'varchar'
-          m.alias_type 'box', 'varchar'
-
-          m.register_type 'timestamp' do |_, _, sql_type|
-            precision = extract_precision(sql_type)
-            OID::DateTime.new(precision: precision)
-          end
+
+          register_class_with_precision m, 'time', Type::Time
+          register_class_with_precision m, 'timestamp', OID::DateTime
 
           m.register_type 'numeric' do |_, fmod, sql_type|
             precision = extract_precision(sql_type)
@@ -526,13 +517,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Extracts the value from a PostgreSQL column default definition.
-        def extract_value_from_default(oid, default) # :nodoc:
+        def extract_value_from_default(default) # :nodoc:
           case default
             # Quoted types
-            when /\A[\(B]?'(.*)'::/m
-              $1.gsub(/''/, "'")
+            when /\A[\(B]?'(.*)'.*::"?([\w. ]+)"?(?:\[\])?\z/m
+              # The default 'now'::date is CURRENT_DATE
+              if $1 == "now".freeze && $2 == "date".freeze
+                nil
+              else
+                $1.gsub("''".freeze, "'".freeze)
+              end
             # Boolean types
-            when 'true', 'false'
+            when 'true'.freeze, 'false'.freeze
               default
             # Numeric types
             when /\A\(?(-?\d+(\.\d*)?)\)?(::bigint)?\z/
@@ -552,10 +548,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def has_default_function?(default_value, default) # :nodoc:
-          !default_value && (%r{\w+\(.*\)} === default)
+          !default_value && (%r{\w+\(.*\)|\(.*\)::\w+} === default)
         end
 
         def load_additional_types(type_map, oids = nil) # :nodoc:
+          initializer = OID::TypeMapInitializer.new(type_map)
+
           if supports_ranges?
             query = <<-SQL
               SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typelem, t.typdelim, t.typinput, r.rngsubtype, t.typtype, t.typbasetype
@@ -571,56 +569,78 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           if oids
             query += "WHERE t.oid::integer IN (%s)" % oids.join(", ")
+          else
+            query += initializer.query_conditions_for_initial_load(type_map)
           end
 
-          initializer = OID::TypeMapInitializer.new(type_map)
-          records = execute(query, 'SCHEMA')
-          initializer.run(records)
+          execute_and_clear(query, 'SCHEMA', []) do |records|
+            initializer.run(records)
+          end
         end
 
         FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = "0A000" #:nodoc:
 
-        def execute_and_clear(sql, name, binds)
-          result = without_prepared_statement?(binds) ? exec_no_cache(sql, name, binds) :
-                                                        exec_cache(sql, name, binds)
+        def execute_and_clear(sql, name, binds, prepare: false)
+          if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
+            result = exec_no_cache(sql, name, [])
+          elsif !prepare
+            result = exec_no_cache(sql, name, binds)
+          else
+            result = exec_cache(sql, name, binds)
+          end
           ret = yield result
           result.clear
           ret
         end
 
         def exec_no_cache(sql, name, binds)
-          log(sql, name, binds) { @connection.async_exec(sql, []) }
+          type_casted_binds = binds.map { |attr| type_cast(attr.value_for_database) }
+          log(sql, name, binds) { @connection.async_exec(sql, type_casted_binds) }
         end
 
         def exec_cache(sql, name, binds)
           stmt_key = prepare_statement(sql)
-          type_casted_binds = binds.map { |col, val|
-            [col, type_cast(val, col)]
-          }
+          type_casted_binds = binds.map { |attr| type_cast(attr.value_for_database) }
 
-          log(sql, name, type_casted_binds, stmt_key) do
-            @connection.exec_prepared(stmt_key, type_casted_binds.map { |_, val| val })
+          log(sql, name, binds, stmt_key) do
+            @connection.exec_prepared(stmt_key, type_casted_binds)
           end
         rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid => e
-          pgerror = e.original_exception
-
-          # Get the PG code for the failure.  Annoyingly, the code for
-          # prepared statements whose return value may have changed is
-          # FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED.  Check here for more details:
-          # http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c#l573
-          begin
-            code = pgerror.result.result_error_field(PGresult::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
-          rescue
-            raise e
-          end
-          if FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED == code
+          raise unless is_cached_plan_failure?(e)
+
+          # Nothing we can do if we are in a transaction because all commands
+          # will raise InFailedSQLTransaction
+          if in_transaction?
+            raise ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementCacheExpired.new(e.cause.message)
+          else
+            # outside of transactions we can simply flush this query and retry
             @statements.delete sql_key(sql)
             retry
-          else
-            raise e
           end
         end
 
+        # Annoyingly, the code for prepared statements whose return value may
+        # have changed is FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+        #
+        # This covers various different error types so we need to do additional
+        # work to classify the exception definitively as a
+        # ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementCacheExpired
+        #
+        # Check here for more details:
+        # http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c#l573
+        CACHED_PLAN_HEURISTIC = 'cached plan must not change result type'.freeze
+        def is_cached_plan_failure?(e)
+          pgerror = e.cause
+          code = pgerror.result.result_error_field(PGresult::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
+          code == FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED && pgerror.message.include?(CACHED_PLAN_HEURISTIC)
+        rescue
+          false
+        end
+
+        def in_transaction?
+          open_transactions > 0
+        end
+
         # Returns the statement identifier for the client side cache
         # of statements
         def sql_key(sql)
@@ -649,16 +669,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         # connected server's characteristics.
         def connect
           @connection = PGconn.connect(@connection_parameters)
-
-          # Money type has a fixed precision of 10 in PostgreSQL 8.2 and below, and as of
-          # PostgreSQL 8.3 it has a fixed precision of 19. PostgreSQLColumn.extract_precision
-          # should know about this but can't detect it there, so deal with it here.
-          OID::Money.precision = (postgresql_version >= 80300) ? 19 : 10
-
           configure_connection
         rescue ::PG::Error => error
           if error.message.include?("does not exist")
-            raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError.new(error.message, error)
+            raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
           else
             raise
           end
@@ -673,7 +687,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           self.client_min_messages = @config[:min_messages] || 'warning'
           self.schema_search_path = @config[:schema_search_path] || @config[:schema_order]
 
-          # Use standard-conforming strings if available so we don't have to do the E'...' dance.
+          # Use standard-conforming strings so we don't have to do the E'...' dance.
           set_standard_conforming_strings
 
           # If using Active Record's time zone support configure the connection to return
@@ -686,7 +700,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           # SET statements from :variables config hash
-          # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/sql-set.html
+          # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-set.html
           variables = @config[:variables] || {}
           variables.map do |k, v|
             if v == ':default' || v == :default
@@ -699,22 +713,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         # Returns the current ID of a table's sequence.
-        def last_insert_id(sequence_name) #:nodoc:
-          Integer(last_insert_id_value(sequence_name))
-        end
-
-        def last_insert_id_value(sequence_name)
-          last_insert_id_result(sequence_name).rows.first.first
-        end
-
-        def last_insert_id_result(sequence_name) #:nodoc:
+        def last_insert_id_result(sequence_name) # :nodoc:
           exec_query("SELECT currval('#{sequence_name}')", 'SQL')
         end
 
         # Returns the list of a table's column names, data types, and default values.
         #
         # The underlying query is roughly:
-        #  SELECT column.name, column.type, default.value
+        #  SELECT column.name, column.type, default.value, column.comment
         #    FROM column LEFT JOIN default
         #      ON column.table_id = default.table_id
         #     AND column.num = default.column_num
@@ -730,9 +736,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #  - format_type includes the column size constraint, e.g. varchar(50)
         #  - ::regclass is a function that gives the id for a table name
         def column_definitions(table_name) # :nodoc:
-          exec_query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA').rows
+          query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')
               SELECT a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),
-                     pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), a.attnotnull, a.atttypid, a.atttypmod
+                     pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), a.attnotnull, a.atttypid, a.atttypmod,
+             (SELECT c.collname FROM pg_collation c, pg_type t
+               WHERE c.oid = a.attcollation AND t.oid = a.atttypid AND a.attcollation <> t.typcollation),
+                     col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum) AS comment
                 FROM pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d
                   ON a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND a.attnum = d.adnum
                WHERE a.attrelid = '#{quote_table_name(table_name)}'::regclass
@@ -742,13 +751,92 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql) # :nodoc:
-          sql[/into\s+([^\(]*).*values\s*\(/im]
+          sql[/into\s("[A-Za-z0-9_."\[\]\s]+"|[A-Za-z0-9_."\[\]]+)\s*/im]
           $1.strip if $1
         end
 
-        def create_table_definition(name, temporary, options, as = nil) # :nodoc:
-          PostgreSQL::TableDefinition.new native_database_types, name, temporary, options, as
+        def create_table_definition(*args) # :nodoc:
+          PostgreSQL::TableDefinition.new(*args)
+        end
+
+        def can_perform_case_insensitive_comparison_for?(column)
+          @case_insensitive_cache ||= {}
+          @case_insensitive_cache[column.sql_type] ||= begin
+            sql = <<-end_sql
+              SELECT exists(
+                SELECT * FROM pg_proc
+                INNER JOIN pg_cast
+                  ON casttarget::text::oidvector = proargtypes
+                WHERE proname = 'lower'
+                  AND castsource = '#{column.sql_type}'::regtype::oid
+              )
+            end_sql
+            execute_and_clear(sql, "SCHEMA", []) do |result|
+              result.getvalue(0, 0)
+            end
+          end
         end
+
+        def add_pg_encoders
+          map = PG::TypeMapByClass.new
+          map[Integer] = PG::TextEncoder::Integer.new
+          map[TrueClass] = PG::TextEncoder::Boolean.new
+          map[FalseClass] = PG::TextEncoder::Boolean.new
+          map[Float] = PG::TextEncoder::Float.new
+          @connection.type_map_for_queries = map
+        end
+
+        def add_pg_decoders
+          coders_by_name = {
+            'int2' => PG::TextDecoder::Integer,
+            'int4' => PG::TextDecoder::Integer,
+            'int8' => PG::TextDecoder::Integer,
+            'oid' => PG::TextDecoder::Integer,
+            'float4' => PG::TextDecoder::Float,
+            'float8' => PG::TextDecoder::Float,
+            'bool' => PG::TextDecoder::Boolean,
+          }
+          known_coder_types = coders_by_name.keys.map { |n| quote(n) }
+          query = <<-SQL % known_coder_types.join(", ")
+            SELECT t.oid, t.typname
+            FROM pg_type as t
+            WHERE t.typname IN (%s)
+          SQL
+          coders = execute_and_clear(query, "SCHEMA", []) do |result|
+            result
+              .map { |row| construct_coder(row, coders_by_name[row['typname']]) }
+              .compact
+          end
+
+          map = PG::TypeMapByOid.new
+          coders.each { |coder| map.add_coder(coder) }
+          @connection.type_map_for_results = map
+        end
+
+        def construct_coder(row, coder_class)
+          return unless coder_class
+          coder_class.new(oid: row['oid'].to_i, name: row['typname'])
+        end
+
+        ActiveRecord::Type.add_modifier({ array: true }, OID::Array, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.add_modifier({ range: true }, OID::Range, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:bit, OID::Bit, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:bit_varying, OID::BitVarying, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:binary, OID::Bytea, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:cidr, OID::Cidr, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:datetime, OID::DateTime, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:decimal, OID::Decimal, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:enum, OID::Enum, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:hstore, OID::Hstore, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:inet, OID::Inet, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:json, OID::Json, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:jsonb, OID::Jsonb, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:money, OID::Money, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:point, OID::Rails51Point, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:legacy_point, OID::Point, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:uuid, OID::Uuid, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:vector, OID::Vector, adapter: :postgresql)
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:xml, OID::Xml, adapter: :postgresql)
     end
   end
 end