activerecord 3.2.19 → 5.0.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    module PostgreSQL
+      class SchemaCreation < AbstractAdapter::SchemaCreation
+        private
+
+        def visit_ColumnDefinition(o)
+          o.sql_type = type_to_sql(o.type, o.limit, o.precision, o.scale, o.array)
+          super
+        end
+
+        def add_column_options!(sql, options)
+          if options[:collation]
+            sql << " COLLATE \"#{options[:collation]}\""
+          end
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      module SchemaStatements
+        # Drops the database specified on the +name+ attribute
+        # and creates it again using the provided +options+.
+        def recreate_database(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          drop_database(name)
+          create_database(name, options)
+        end
+
+        # Create a new PostgreSQL database. Options include <tt>:owner</tt>, <tt>:template</tt>,
+        # <tt>:encoding</tt> (defaults to utf8), <tt>:collation</tt>, <tt>:ctype</tt>,
+        # <tt>:tablespace</tt>, and <tt>:connection_limit</tt> (note that MySQL uses
+        # <tt>:charset</tt> while PostgreSQL uses <tt>:encoding</tt>).
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #   create_database config[:database], config
+        #   create_database 'foo_development', encoding: 'unicode'
+        def create_database(name, options = {})
+          options = { encoding: 'utf8' }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)
+
+          option_string = options.inject("") do |memo, (key, value)|
+            memo += case key
+            when :owner
+              " OWNER = \"#{value}\""
+            when :template
+              " TEMPLATE = \"#{value}\""
+            when :encoding
+              " ENCODING = '#{value}'"
+            when :collation
+              " LC_COLLATE = '#{value}'"
+            when :ctype
+              " LC_CTYPE = '#{value}'"
+            when :tablespace
+              " TABLESPACE = \"#{value}\""
+            when :connection_limit
+              " CONNECTION LIMIT = #{value}"
+            else
+              ""
+            end
+          end
+
+          execute "CREATE DATABASE #{quote_table_name(name)}#{option_string}"
+        end
+
+        # Drops a PostgreSQL database.
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #   drop_database 'matt_development'
+        def drop_database(name) #:nodoc:
+          execute "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS #{quote_table_name(name)}"
+        end
+
+        # Returns the list of all tables in the schema search path.
+        def tables(name = nil)
+          if name
+            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
+              Passing arguments to #tables is deprecated without replacement.
+            MSG
+          end
+
+          select_values("SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = ANY(current_schemas(false))", 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        def data_sources # :nodoc
+          select_values(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA')
+            SELECT c.relname
+            FROM pg_class c
+            LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
+            WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v','m') -- (r)elation/table, (v)iew, (m)aterialized view
+            AND n.nspname = ANY (current_schemas(false))
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        # Returns true if table exists.
+        # If the schema is not specified as part of +name+ then it will only find tables within
+        # the current schema search path (regardless of permissions to access tables in other schemas)
+        def table_exists?(name)
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
+            #table_exists? currently checks both tables and views.
+            This behavior is deprecated and will be changed with Rails 5.1 to only check tables.
+            Use #data_source_exists? instead.
+          MSG
+
+          data_source_exists?(name)
+        end
+
+        def data_source_exists?(name)
+          name = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(name.to_s)
+          return false unless name.identifier
+
+          select_value(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').to_i > 0
+              SELECT COUNT(*)
+              FROM pg_class c
+              LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
+              WHERE c.relkind IN ('r','v','m') -- (r)elation/table, (v)iew, (m)aterialized view
+              AND c.relname = '#{name.identifier}'
+              AND n.nspname = #{name.schema ? "'#{name.schema}'" : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        def views # :nodoc:
+          select_values(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA')
+            SELECT c.relname
+            FROM pg_class c
+            LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
+            WHERE c.relkind IN ('v','m') -- (v)iew, (m)aterialized view
+            AND n.nspname = ANY (current_schemas(false))
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        def view_exists?(view_name) # :nodoc:
+          name = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(view_name.to_s)
+          return false unless name.identifier
+
+          select_values(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').any?
+            SELECT c.relname
+            FROM pg_class c
+            LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
+            WHERE c.relkind IN ('v','m') -- (v)iew, (m)aterialized view
+            AND c.relname = '#{name.identifier}'
+            AND n.nspname = #{name.schema ? "'#{name.schema}'" : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        def drop_table(table_name, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+          execute "DROP TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_table_name(table_name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:force] == :cascade}"
+        end
+
+        # Returns true if schema exists.
+        def schema_exists?(name)
+          select_value("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = '#{name}'", 'SCHEMA').to_i > 0
+        end
+
+        # Verifies existence of an index with a given name.
+        def index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, default)
+          table = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(table_name.to_s)
+          index = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(index_name.to_s)
+
+          select_value(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').to_i > 0
+            SELECT COUNT(*)
+            FROM pg_class t
+            INNER JOIN pg_index d ON t.oid = d.indrelid
+            INNER JOIN pg_class i ON d.indexrelid = i.oid
+            LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = i.relnamespace
+            WHERE i.relkind = 'i'
+              AND i.relname = '#{index.identifier}'
+              AND t.relname = '#{table.identifier}'
+              AND n.nspname = #{index.schema ? "'#{index.schema}'" : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
+        def indexes(table_name, name = nil)
+          table = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(table_name.to_s)
+
+          result = query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA')
+            SELECT distinct i.relname, d.indisunique, d.indkey, pg_get_indexdef(d.indexrelid), t.oid,
+                            pg_catalog.obj_description(i.oid, 'pg_class') AS comment,
+            (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_opclass o
+               JOIN (SELECT unnest(string_to_array(d.indclass::text, ' '))::int oid) c
+                 ON o.oid = c.oid WHERE o.opcdefault = 'f')
+            FROM pg_class t
+            INNER JOIN pg_index d ON t.oid = d.indrelid
+            INNER JOIN pg_class i ON d.indexrelid = i.oid
+            LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = i.relnamespace
+            WHERE i.relkind = 'i'
+              AND d.indisprimary = 'f'
+              AND t.relname = '#{table.identifier}'
+              AND n.nspname = #{table.schema ? "'#{table.schema}'" : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
+            ORDER BY i.relname
+          SQL
+
+          result.map do |row|
+            index_name = row[0]
+            unique = row[1]
+            indkey = row[2].split(" ").map(&:to_i)
+            inddef = row[3]
+            oid = row[4]
+            comment = row[5]
+            opclass = row[6]
+
+            using, expressions, where = inddef.scan(/ USING (\w+?) \((.+?)\)(?: WHERE (.+))?\z/).flatten
+
+            if indkey.include?(0) || opclass > 0
+              columns = expressions
+            else
+              columns = Hash[query(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")].values_at(*indkey).compact
+                SELECT a.attnum, a.attname
+                FROM pg_attribute a
+                WHERE a.attrelid = #{oid}
+                AND a.attnum IN (#{indkey.join(",")})
+              SQL
+
+              # add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified, asc is the default)
+              orders = Hash[
+                expressions.scan(/(\w+) DESC/).flatten.map { |order_column| [order_column, :desc] }
+              ]
+            end
+
+            IndexDefinition.new(table_name, index_name, unique, columns, [], orders, where, nil, using.to_sym, comment.presence)
+          end.compact
+        end
+
+        # Returns the list of all column definitions for a table.
+        def columns(table_name) # :nodoc:
+          table_name = table_name.to_s
+          column_definitions(table_name).map do |column_name, type, default, notnull, oid, fmod, collation, comment|
+            oid = oid.to_i
+            fmod = fmod.to_i
+            type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(column_name, type, oid, fmod)
+            default_value = extract_value_from_default(default)
+            default_function = extract_default_function(default_value, default)
+            new_column(column_name, default_value, type_metadata, !notnull, table_name, default_function, collation, comment: comment.presence)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def new_column(*args) # :nodoc:
+          PostgreSQLColumn.new(*args)
+        end
+
+        # Returns a comment stored in database for given table
+        def table_comment(table_name) # :nodoc:
+          name = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(table_name.to_s)
+          if name.identifier
+            select_value(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, 'SCHEMA')
+              SELECT pg_catalog.obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class')
+              FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
+                LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
+              WHERE c.relname = #{quote(name.identifier)}
+                AND c.relkind IN ('r') -- (r)elation/table
+                AND n.nspname = #{name.schema ? quote(name.schema) : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
+            SQL
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Returns the current database name.
+        def current_database
+          select_value('select current_database()', 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns the current schema name.
+        def current_schema
+          select_value('SELECT current_schema', 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns the current database encoding format.
+        def encoding
+          select_value("SELECT pg_encoding_to_char(encoding) FROM pg_database WHERE datname LIKE '#{current_database}'", 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns the current database collation.
+        def collation
+          select_value("SELECT datcollate FROM pg_database WHERE datname LIKE '#{current_database}'", 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns the current database ctype.
+        def ctype
+          select_value("SELECT datctype FROM pg_database WHERE datname LIKE '#{current_database}'", 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns an array of schema names.
+        def schema_names
+          select_values(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA')
+            SELECT nspname
+              FROM pg_namespace
+             WHERE nspname !~ '^pg_.*'
+               AND nspname NOT IN ('information_schema')
+             ORDER by nspname;
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        # Creates a schema for the given schema name.
+        def create_schema schema_name
+          execute "CREATE SCHEMA #{quote_schema_name(schema_name)}"
+        end
+
+        # Drops the schema for the given schema name.
+        def drop_schema(schema_name, options = {})
+          execute "DROP SCHEMA#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_schema_name(schema_name)} CASCADE"
+        end
+
+        # Sets the schema search path to a string of comma-separated schema names.
+        # Names beginning with $ have to be quoted (e.g. $user => '$user').
+        # See: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/ddl-schemas.html
+        #
+        # This should be not be called manually but set in database.yml.
+        def schema_search_path=(schema_csv)
+          if schema_csv
+            execute("SET search_path TO #{schema_csv}", 'SCHEMA')
+            @schema_search_path = schema_csv
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Returns the active schema search path.
+        def schema_search_path
+          @schema_search_path ||= select_value('SHOW search_path', 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns the current client message level.
+        def client_min_messages
+          select_value('SHOW client_min_messages', 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Set the client message level.
+        def client_min_messages=(level)
+          execute("SET client_min_messages TO '#{level}'", 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Returns the sequence name for a table's primary key or some other specified key.
+        def default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = nil) #:nodoc:
+          result = serial_sequence(table_name, pk || 'id')
+          return nil unless result
+          Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(result).to_s
+        rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
+          PostgreSQL::Name.new(nil, "#{table_name}_#{pk || 'id'}_seq").to_s
+        end
+
+        def serial_sequence(table, column)
+          select_value("SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('#{table}', '#{column}')", 'SCHEMA')
+        end
+
+        # Sets the sequence of a table's primary key to the specified value.
+        def set_pk_sequence!(table, value) #:nodoc:
+          pk, sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
+
+          if pk
+            if sequence
+              quoted_sequence = quote_table_name(sequence)
+
+              select_value("SELECT setval('#{quoted_sequence}', #{value})", 'SCHEMA')
+            else
+              @logger.warn "#{table} has primary key #{pk} with no default sequence." if @logger
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Resets the sequence of a table's primary key to the maximum value.
+        def reset_pk_sequence!(table, pk = nil, sequence = nil) #:nodoc:
+          unless pk and sequence
+            default_pk, default_sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
+
+            pk ||= default_pk
+            sequence ||= default_sequence
+          end
+
+          if @logger && pk && !sequence
+            @logger.warn "#{table} has primary key #{pk} with no default sequence."
+          end
+
+          if pk && sequence
+            quoted_sequence = quote_table_name(sequence)
+
+            select_value(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')
+              SELECT setval('#{quoted_sequence}', (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(#{quote_column_name pk})+(SELECT increment_by FROM #{quoted_sequence}), (SELECT min_value FROM #{quoted_sequence})) FROM #{quote_table_name(table)}), false)
+            end_sql
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Returns a table's primary key and belonging sequence.
+        def pk_and_sequence_for(table) #:nodoc:
+          # First try looking for a sequence with a dependency on the
+          # given table's primary key.
+          result = query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0]
+            SELECT attr.attname, nsp.nspname, seq.relname
+            FROM pg_class      seq,
+                 pg_attribute  attr,
+                 pg_depend     dep,
+                 pg_constraint cons,
+                 pg_namespace  nsp
+            WHERE seq.oid           = dep.objid
+              AND seq.relkind       = 'S'
+              AND attr.attrelid     = dep.refobjid
+              AND attr.attnum       = dep.refobjsubid
+              AND attr.attrelid     = cons.conrelid
+              AND attr.attnum       = cons.conkey[1]
+              AND seq.relnamespace  = nsp.oid
+              AND cons.contype      = 'p'
+              AND dep.classid       = 'pg_class'::regclass
+              AND dep.refobjid      = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
+          end_sql
+
+          if result.nil? or result.empty?
+            result = query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0]
+              SELECT attr.attname, nsp.nspname,
+                CASE
+                  WHEN pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) !~* 'nextval' THEN NULL
+                  WHEN split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2) ~ '.' THEN
+                    substr(split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2),
+                           strpos(split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2), '.')+1)
+                  ELSE split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2)
+                END
+              FROM pg_class       t
+              JOIN pg_attribute   attr ON (t.oid = attrelid)
+              JOIN pg_attrdef     def  ON (adrelid = attrelid AND adnum = attnum)
+              JOIN pg_constraint  cons ON (conrelid = adrelid AND adnum = conkey[1])
+              JOIN pg_namespace   nsp  ON (t.relnamespace = nsp.oid)
+              WHERE t.oid = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
+                AND cons.contype = 'p'
+                AND pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) ~* 'nextval|uuid_generate'
+            end_sql
+          end
+
+          pk = result.shift
+          if result.last
+            [pk, PostgreSQL::Name.new(*result)]
+          else
+            [pk, nil]
+          end
+        rescue
+          nil
+        end
+
+        def primary_keys(table_name) # :nodoc:
+          select_values(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, 'SCHEMA')
+            WITH pk_constraint AS (
+              SELECT conrelid, unnest(conkey) AS connum FROM pg_constraint
+              WHERE contype = 'p'
+                AND conrelid = '#{quote_table_name(table_name)}'::regclass
+            ), cons AS (
+              SELECT conrelid, connum, row_number() OVER() AS rownum FROM pk_constraint
+            )
+            SELECT attr.attname FROM pg_attribute attr
+            INNER JOIN cons ON attr.attrelid = cons.conrelid AND attr.attnum = cons.connum
+            ORDER BY cons.rownum
+          SQL
+        end
+
+        # Renames a table.
+        # Also renames a table's primary key sequence if the sequence name exists and
+        # matches the Active Record default.
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
+        def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
+          clear_cache!
+          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
+          pk, seq = pk_and_sequence_for(new_name)
+          if seq && seq.identifier == "#{table_name}_#{pk}_seq"
+            new_seq = "#{new_name}_#{pk}_seq"
+            idx = "#{table_name}_pkey"
+            new_idx = "#{new_name}_pkey"
+            execute "ALTER TABLE #{seq.quoted} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_seq)}"
+            execute "ALTER INDEX #{quote_table_name(idx)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_idx)}"
+          end
+
+          rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
+        end
+
+        def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          super
+          change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) if options.key?(:comment)
+        end
+
+        def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          quoted_table_name = quote_table_name(table_name)
+          quoted_column_name = quote_column_name(column_name)
+          sql_type = type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale], options[:array])
+          sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quoted_table_name} ALTER COLUMN #{quoted_column_name} TYPE #{sql_type}"
+          if options[:collation]
+            sql << " COLLATE \"#{options[:collation]}\""
+          end
+          if options[:using]
+            sql << " USING #{options[:using]}"
+          elsif options[:cast_as]
+            cast_as_type = type_to_sql(options[:cast_as], options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale], options[:array])
+            sql << " USING CAST(#{quoted_column_name} AS #{cast_as_type})"
+          end
+          execute sql
+
+          change_column_default(table_name, column_name, options[:default]) if options_include_default?(options)
+          change_column_null(table_name, column_name, options[:null], options[:default]) if options.key?(:null)
+          change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) if options.key?(:comment)
+        end
+
+        # Changes the default value of a table column.
+        def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes) # :nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+          return unless column
+
+          default = extract_new_default_value(default_or_changes)
+          alter_column_query = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} %s"
+          if default.nil?
+            # <tt>DEFAULT NULL</tt> results in the same behavior as <tt>DROP DEFAULT</tt>. However, PostgreSQL will
+            # cast the default to the columns type, which leaves us with a default like "default NULL::character varying".
+            execute alter_column_query % "DROP DEFAULT"
+          else
+            execute alter_column_query % "SET DEFAULT #{quote_default_expression(default, column)}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) #:nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          unless null || default.nil?
+            column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+            execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote_default_expression(default, column)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL") if column
+          end
+          execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL")
+        end
+
+        # Adds comment for given table column or drops it if +comment+ is a +nil+
+        def change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, comment) # :nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          execute "COMMENT ON COLUMN #{quote_table_name(table_name)}.#{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS #{quote(comment)}"
+        end
+
+        # Adds comment for given table or drops it if +comment+ is a +nil+
+        def change_table_comment(table_name, comment) # :nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          execute "COMMENT ON TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} IS #{quote(comment)}"
+        end
+
+        # Renames a column in a table.
+        def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
+          clear_cache!
+          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
+          rename_column_indexes(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+        end
+
+        def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, index_algorithm, index_using, comment = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
+          execute("CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{index_algorithm} #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{index_using} (#{index_columns})#{index_options}").tap do
+            execute "COMMENT ON INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} IS #{quote(comment)}" if comment
+          end
+        end
+
+        def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          table = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(table_name.to_s)
+
+          if options.is_a?(Hash) && options.key?(:name)
+            provided_index = Utils.extract_schema_qualified_name(options[:name].to_s)
+
+            options[:name] = provided_index.identifier
+            table = PostgreSQL::Name.new(provided_index.schema, table.identifier) unless table.schema.present?
+
+            if provided_index.schema.present? && table.schema != provided_index.schema
+              raise ArgumentError.new("Index schema '#{provided_index.schema}' does not match table schema '#{table.schema}'")
+            end
+          end
+
+          index_to_remove = PostgreSQL::Name.new(table.schema, index_name_for_remove(table.to_s, options))
+          algorithm =
+            if options.is_a?(Hash) && options.key?(:algorithm)
+              index_algorithms.fetch(options[:algorithm]) do
+                raise ArgumentError.new("Algorithm must be one of the following: #{index_algorithms.keys.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}")
+              end
+            end
+          execute "DROP INDEX #{algorithm} #{quote_table_name(index_to_remove)}"
+        end
+
+        # Renames an index of a table. Raises error if length of new
+        # index name is greater than allowed limit.
+        def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
+          validate_index_length!(table_name, new_name)
+
+          execute "ALTER INDEX #{quote_column_name(old_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
+        end
+
+        def foreign_keys(table_name)
+          fk_info = select_all <<-SQL.strip_heredoc
+            SELECT t2.oid::regclass::text AS to_table, a1.attname AS column, a2.attname AS primary_key, c.conname AS name, c.confupdtype AS on_update, c.confdeltype AS on_delete
+            FROM pg_constraint c
+            JOIN pg_class t1 ON c.conrelid = t1.oid
+            JOIN pg_class t2 ON c.confrelid = t2.oid
+            JOIN pg_attribute a1 ON a1.attnum = c.conkey[1] AND a1.attrelid = t1.oid
+            JOIN pg_attribute a2 ON a2.attnum = c.confkey[1] AND a2.attrelid = t2.oid
+            JOIN pg_namespace t3 ON c.connamespace = t3.oid
+            WHERE c.contype = 'f'
+              AND t1.relname = #{quote(table_name)}
+              AND t3.nspname = ANY (current_schemas(false))
+            ORDER BY c.conname
+          SQL
+
+          fk_info.map do |row|
+            options = {
+              column: row['column'],
+              name: row['name'],
+              primary_key: row['primary_key']
+            }
+
+            options[:on_delete] = extract_foreign_key_action(row['on_delete'])
+            options[:on_update] = extract_foreign_key_action(row['on_update'])
+
+            ForeignKeyDefinition.new(table_name, row['to_table'], options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def extract_foreign_key_action(specifier) # :nodoc:
+          case specifier
+          when 'c'; :cascade
+          when 'n'; :nullify
+          when 'r'; :restrict
+          end
+        end
+
+        def index_name_length
+          63
+        end
+
+        # Maps logical Rails types to PostgreSQL-specific data types.
+        def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil, array = nil)
+          sql = case type.to_s
+          when 'binary'
+            # PostgreSQL doesn't support limits on binary (bytea) columns.
+            # The hard limit is 1GB, because of a 32-bit size field, and TOAST.
+            case limit
+            when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
+            else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}.")
+            end
+          when 'text'
+            # PostgreSQL doesn't support limits on text columns.
+            # The hard limit is 1GB, according to section 8.3 in the manual.
+            case limit
+            when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
+            else raise(ActiveRecordError, "The limit on text can be at most 1GB - 1byte.")
+            end
+          when 'integer'
+            case limit
+            when 1, 2; 'smallint'
+            when nil, 3, 4; 'integer'
+            when 5..8; 'bigint'
+            else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with scale 0 instead.")
+            end
+          else
+            super(type, limit, precision, scale)
+          end
+
+          sql << '[]' if array && type != :primary_key
+          sql
+        end
+
+        # PostgreSQL requires the ORDER BY columns in the select list for distinct queries, and
+        # requires that the ORDER BY include the distinct column.
+        def columns_for_distinct(columns, orders) #:nodoc:
+          order_columns = orders.reject(&:blank?).map{ |s|
+              # Convert Arel node to string
+              s = s.to_sql unless s.is_a?(String)
+              # Remove any ASC/DESC modifiers
+              s.gsub(/\s+(?:ASC|DESC)\b/i, '')
+               .gsub(/\s+NULLS\s+(?:FIRST|LAST)\b/i, '')
+            }.reject(&:blank?).map.with_index { |column, i| "#{column} AS alias_#{i}" }
+
+          [super, *order_columns].join(', ')
+        end
+
+        def fetch_type_metadata(column_name, sql_type, oid, fmod)
+          cast_type = get_oid_type(oid, fmod, column_name, sql_type)
+          simple_type = SqlTypeMetadata.new(
+            sql_type: sql_type,
+            type: cast_type.type,
+            limit: cast_type.limit,
+            precision: cast_type.precision,
+            scale: cast_type.scale,
+          )
+          PostgreSQLTypeMetadata.new(simple_type, oid: oid, fmod: fmod)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end