activerecord 2.3.18 → 3.2.22

data/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record Aggregations
   module Aggregations # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
     def clear_aggregation_cache #:nodoc:
-      self.class.reflect_on_all_aggregations.to_a.each do |assoc|
-        instance_variable_set "@#{assoc.name}", nil
-      end unless self.new_record?
+      @aggregation_cache.clear if persisted?
     end
 
-    # Active Record implements aggregation through a macro-like class method called +composed_of+ for representing attributes
-    # as value objects. It expresses relationships like "Account [is] composed of Money [among other things]" or "Person [is]
-    # composed of [an] address". Each call to the macro adds a description of how the value objects are created from the
-    # attributes of the entity object (when the entity is initialized either as a new object or from finding an existing object)
-    # and how it can be turned back into attributes (when the entity is saved to the database). Example:
+    # Active Record implements aggregation through a macro-like class method called +composed_of+
+    # for representing attributes  as value objects. It expresses relationships like "Account [is]
+    # composed of Money [among other things]" or "Person [is] composed of [an] address". Each call
+    # to the macro adds a description of how the value objects  are created from the attributes of
+    # the entity object (when the entity is initialized either  as a new object or from finding an
+    # existing object) and how it can be turned back into attributes  (when the entity is saved to
+    # the database).
     #
     #   class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
     #     composed_of :balance, :class_name => "Money", :mapping => %w(balance amount)
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     #    def <=>(other_money)
     #      if currency == other_money.currency
-    #        amount <=> amount
+    #        amount <=> other_money.amount
     #      else
     #        amount <=> other_money.exchange_to(currency).amount
     #      end
@@ -69,9 +68,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #    end
     #  end
     #
-    # Now it's possible to access attributes from the database through the value objects instead. If you choose to name the
-    # composition the same as the attribute's name, it will be the only way to access that attribute. That's the case with our
-    # +balance+ attribute. You interact with the value objects just like you would any other attribute, though:
+    # Now it's possible to access attributes from the database through the value objects instead. If
+    # you choose to name the composition the same as the attribute's name, it will be the only way to
+    # access that attribute. That's the case with our +balance+ attribute. You interact with the value
+    # objects just like you would any other attribute, though:
     #
     #   customer.balance = Money.new(20)     # sets the Money value object and the attribute
     #   customer.balance                     # => Money value object
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   customer.balance == Money.new(20)    # => true
     #   customer.balance < Money.new(5)      # => false
     #
-    # Value objects can also be composed of multiple attributes, such as the case of Address. The order of the mappings will
-    # determine the order of the parameters. Example:
+    # Value objects can also be composed of multiple attributes, such as the case of Address. The order
+    # of the mappings will determine the order of the parameters.
     #
     #   customer.address_street = "Hyancintvej"
     #   customer.address_city   = "Copenhagen"
@@ -92,38 +92,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # == Writing value objects
     #
-    # Value objects are immutable and interchangeable objects that represent a given value, such as a Money object representing
-    # $5. Two Money objects both representing $5 should be equal (through methods such as <tt>==</tt> and <tt><=></tt> from Comparable if ranking
-    # makes sense). This is unlike entity objects where equality is determined by identity. An entity class such as Customer can
-    # easily have two different objects that both have an address on Hyancintvej. Entity identity is determined by object or
-    # relational unique identifiers (such as primary keys). Normal ActiveRecord::Base classes are entity objects.
+    # Value objects are immutable and interchangeable objects that represent a given value, such as
+    # a Money object representing $5. Two Money objects both representing $5 should be equal (through
+    # methods such as <tt>==</tt> and <tt><=></tt> from Comparable if ranking makes sense). This is
+    # unlike entity objects where equality is determined by identity. An entity class such as Customer can
+    # easily have two different objects that both have an address on Hyancintvej. Entity identity is
+    # determined by object or relational unique identifiers (such as primary keys). Normal
+    # ActiveRecord::Base classes are entity objects.
     #
-    # It's also important to treat the value objects as immutable. Don't allow the Money object to have its amount changed after
-    # creation. Create a new Money object with the new value instead. This is exemplified by the Money#exchange_to method that
-    # returns a new value object instead of changing its own values. Active Record won't persist value objects that have been
-    # changed through means other than the writer method.
+    # It's also important to treat the value objects as immutable. Don't allow the Money object to have
+    # its amount changed after creation. Create a new Money object with the new value instead. This
+    # is exemplified by the Money#exchange_to method that returns a new value object instead of changing
+    # its own values. Active Record won't persist value objects that have been changed through means
+    # other than the writer method.
     #
-    # The immutable requirement is enforced by Active Record by freezing any object assigned as a value object. Attempting to
-    # change it afterwards will result in a ActiveSupport::FrozenObjectError.
+    # The immutable requirement is enforced by Active Record by freezing any object assigned as a value
+    # object. Attempting to change it afterwards will result in a ActiveSupport::FrozenObjectError.
     #
-    # Read more about value objects on http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject and on the dangers of not keeping value objects
-    # immutable on http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObjectsShouldBeImmutable
+    # Read more about value objects on http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObject and on the dangers of not
+    # keeping value objects immutable on http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ValueObjectsShouldBeImmutable
     #
     # == Custom constructors and converters
     #
-    # By default value objects are initialized by calling the <tt>new</tt> constructor of the value class passing each of the
-    # mapped attributes, in the order specified by the <tt>:mapping</tt> option, as arguments. If the value class doesn't support
-    # this convention then +composed_of+ allows a custom constructor to be specified.
+    # By default value objects are initialized by calling the <tt>new</tt> constructor of the value
+    # class passing each of the mapped attributes, in the order specified by the <tt>:mapping</tt>
+    # option, as arguments. If the value class doesn't support this convention then +composed_of+ allows
+    # a custom constructor to be specified.
     #
-    # When a new value is assigned to the value object the default assumption is that the new value is an instance of the value
-    # class. Specifying a custom converter allows the new value to be automatically converted to an instance of value class if
-    # necessary.
+    # When a new value is assigned to the value object the default assumption is that the new value
+    # is an instance of the value class. Specifying a custom converter allows the new value to be automatically
+    # converted to an instance of value class if necessary.
     #
-    # For example, the NetworkResource model has +network_address+ and +cidr_range+ attributes that should be aggregated using the
-    # NetAddr::CIDR value class (http://netaddr.rubyforge.org). The constructor for the value class is called +create+ and it
-    # expects a CIDR address string as a parameter. New values can be assigned to the value object using either another
-    # NetAddr::CIDR object, a string or an array. The <tt>:constructor</tt> and <tt>:converter</tt> options can be used to
-    # meet these requirements:
+    # For example, the NetworkResource model has +network_address+ and +cidr_range+ attributes that
+    # should be aggregated using the NetAddr::CIDR value class (http://netaddr.rubyforge.org). The constructor
+    # for the value class is called +create+ and it expects a CIDR address string as a parameter. New
+    # values can be assigned to the value object using either another NetAddr::CIDR object, a string
+    # or an array. The <tt>:constructor</tt> and <tt>:converter</tt> options can be used to meet
+    # these requirements:
     #
     #   class NetworkResource < ActiveRecord::Base
     #     composed_of :cidr,
@@ -150,38 +155,44 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # == Finding records by a value object
     #
-    # Once a +composed_of+ relationship is specified for a model, records can be loaded from the database by specifying an instance
-    # of the value object in the conditions hash. The following example finds all customers with +balance_amount+ equal to 20 and
-    # +balance_currency+ equal to "USD":
+    # Once a +composed_of+ relationship is specified for a model, records can be loaded from the database
+    # by specifying an instance of the value object in the conditions hash. The following example
+    # finds all customers with +balance_amount+ equal to 20 and +balance_currency+ equal to "USD":
     #
-    #   Customer.find(:all, :conditions => {:balance => Money.new(20, "USD")})
+    #   Customer.where(:balance => Money.new(20, "USD")).all
     #
     module ClassMethods
       # Adds reader and writer methods for manipulating a value object:
       # <tt>composed_of :address</tt> adds <tt>address</tt> and <tt>address=(new_address)</tt> methods.
       #
       # Options are:
-      # * <tt>:class_name</tt> - Specifies the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-      #   from the part id. So <tt>composed_of :address</tt> will by default be linked to the Address class, but
-      #   if the real class name is CompanyAddress, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-      # * <tt>:mapping</tt> - Specifies the mapping of entity attributes to attributes of the value object. Each mapping
-      #   is represented as an array where the first item is the name of the entity attribute and the second item is the
-      #   name the attribute in the value object. The order in which mappings are defined determine the order in which
-      #   attributes are sent to the value class constructor.
+      # * <tt>:class_name</tt> - Specifies the class name of the association. Use it only if that name
+      #   can't be inferred from the part id. So <tt>composed_of :address</tt> will by default be linked
+      #   to the Address class, but if the real class name is CompanyAddress, you'll have to specify it
+      #   with this option.
+      # * <tt>:mapping</tt> - Specifies the mapping of entity attributes to attributes of the value
+      #   object. Each mapping is represented as an array where the first item is the name of the
+      #   entity attribute and the second item is the name of the attribute in the value object. The
+      #   order in which mappings are defined determines the order in which attributes are sent to the
+      #   value class constructor.
       # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - Specifies that the value object will not be instantiated when all mapped
-      #   attributes are +nil+.  Setting the value object to +nil+ has the effect of writing +nil+ to all mapped attributes.
+      #   attributes are +nil+. Setting the value object to +nil+ has the effect of writing +nil+ to all
+      #   mapped attributes.
       #   This defaults to +false+.
-      # * <tt>:constructor</tt> - A symbol specifying the name of the constructor method or a Proc that is called to
-      #   initialize the value object. The constructor is passed all of the mapped attributes, in the order that they
-      #   are defined in the <tt>:mapping option</tt>, as arguments and uses them to instantiate a <tt>:class_name</tt> object.
+      # * <tt>:constructor</tt> - A symbol specifying the name of the constructor method or a Proc that
+      #   is called to initialize the value object. The constructor is passed all of the mapped attributes,
+      #   in the order that they are defined in the <tt>:mapping option</tt>, as arguments and uses them
+      #   to instantiate a <tt>:class_name</tt> object.
       #   The default is <tt>:new</tt>.
-      # * <tt>:converter</tt> - A symbol specifying the name of a class method of <tt>:class_name</tt> or a Proc that is
-      #   called when a new value is assigned to the value object. The converter is passed the single value that is used
-      #   in the assignment and is only called if the new value is not an instance of <tt>:class_name</tt>.
+      # * <tt>:converter</tt> - A symbol specifying the name of a class method of <tt>:class_name</tt>
+      #   or a Proc that is called when a new value is assigned to the value object. The converter is
+      #   passed the single value that is used in the assignment and is only called if the new value is
+      #   not an instance of <tt>:class_name</tt>.
       #
       # Option examples:
       #   composed_of :temperature, :mapping => %w(reading celsius)
-      #   composed_of :balance, :class_name => "Money", :mapping => %w(balance amount), :converter => Proc.new { |balance| balance.to_money }
+      #   composed_of :balance, :class_name => "Money", :mapping => %w(balance amount),
+      #                         :converter => Proc.new { |balance| balance.to_money }
       #   composed_of :address, :mapping => [ %w(address_street street), %w(address_city city) ]
       #   composed_of :gps_location
       #   composed_of :gps_location, :allow_nil => true
@@ -191,7 +202,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #               :constructor => Proc.new { |ip| IPAddr.new(ip, Socket::AF_INET) },
       #               :converter => Proc.new { |ip| ip.is_a?(Integer) ? IPAddr.new(ip, Socket::AF_INET) : IPAddr.new(ip.to_s) }
       #
-      def composed_of(part_id, options = {}, &block)
+      def composed_of(part_id, options = {})
         options.assert_valid_keys(:class_name, :mapping, :allow_nil, :constructor, :converter)
 
         name        = part_id.id2name
@@ -200,9 +211,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         mapping     = [ mapping ] unless mapping.first.is_a?(Array)
         allow_nil   = options[:allow_nil]   || false
         constructor = options[:constructor] || :new
-        converter   = options[:converter]   || block
-
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn('The conversion block has been deprecated, use the :converter option instead.', caller) if block_given?
+        converter   = options[:converter]
 
         reader_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil, constructor)
         writer_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil, converter)
@@ -212,47 +221,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       private
         def reader_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil, constructor)
-          module_eval do
-            define_method(name) do |*args|
-              force_reload = args.first || false
-              if (instance_variable_get("@#{name}").nil? || force_reload) && (!allow_nil || mapping.any? {|pair| !read_attribute(pair.first).nil? })
-                attrs = mapping.collect {|pair| read_attribute(pair.first)}
-                object = case constructor
-                  when Symbol
-                    class_name.constantize.send(constructor, *attrs)
-                  when Proc, Method
-                    constructor.call(*attrs)
-                  else
-                    raise ArgumentError, 'Constructor must be a symbol denoting the constructor method to call or a Proc to be invoked.'
-                  end
-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", object)
-              end
-              instance_variable_get("@#{name}")
+          define_method(name) do
+            if @aggregation_cache[name].nil? && (!allow_nil || mapping.any? {|pair| !read_attribute(pair.first).nil? })
+              attrs = mapping.collect {|pair| read_attribute(pair.first)}
+              object = constructor.respond_to?(:call) ?
+                constructor.call(*attrs) :
+                class_name.constantize.send(constructor, *attrs)
+              @aggregation_cache[name] = object
             end
+            @aggregation_cache[name]
           end
-
         end
 
         def writer_method(name, class_name, mapping, allow_nil, converter)
-          module_eval do
-            define_method("#{name}=") do |part|
-              if part.nil? && allow_nil
-                mapping.each { |pair| self[pair.first] = nil }
-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", nil)
-              else
-                unless part.is_a?(class_name.constantize) || converter.nil?
-                  part = case converter
-                    when Symbol
-                     class_name.constantize.send(converter, part)
-                    when Proc, Method
-                      converter.call(part)
-                    else
-                      raise ArgumentError, 'Converter must be a symbol denoting the converter method to call or a Proc to be invoked.'
-                    end
-                end
-                mapping.each { |pair| self[pair.first] = part.send(pair.last) }
-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", part.freeze)
+          define_method("#{name}=") do |part|
+            if part.nil? && allow_nil
+              mapping.each { |pair| self[pair.first] = nil }
+              @aggregation_cache[name] = nil
+            else
+              unless part.is_a?(class_name.constantize) || converter.nil?
+                part = converter.respond_to?(:call) ?
+                  converter.call(part) :
+                  class_name.constantize.send(converter, part)
               end
+
+              mapping.each { |pair| self[pair.first] = part.send(pair.last) }
+              @aggregation_cache[name] = part.freeze
             end
           end
         end

data/lib/active_record/associations/alias_tracker.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/conversions'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Associations
+    # Keeps track of table aliases for ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods::JoinDependency and
+    # ActiveRecord::Associations::ThroughAssociationScope
+    class AliasTracker # :nodoc:
+      attr_reader :aliases, :table_joins, :connection
+
+      # table_joins is an array of arel joins which might conflict with the aliases we assign here
+      def initialize(connection = ActiveRecord::Model.connection, table_joins = [])
+        @aliases     = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = initial_count_for(k) }
+        @table_joins = table_joins
+        @connection  = connection
+      end
+
+      def aliased_table_for(table_name, aliased_name = nil)
+        table_alias = aliased_name_for(table_name, aliased_name)
+
+        if table_alias == table_name
+          Arel::Table.new(table_name)
+        else
+          Arel::Table.new(table_name).alias(table_alias)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def aliased_name_for(table_name, aliased_name = nil)
+        aliased_name ||= table_name
+
+        if aliases[table_name].zero?
+          # If it's zero, we can have our table_name
+          aliases[table_name] = 1
+          table_name
+        else
+          # Otherwise, we need to use an alias
+          aliased_name = connection.table_alias_for(aliased_name)
+
+          # Update the count
+          aliases[aliased_name] += 1
+
+          if aliases[aliased_name] > 1
+            "#{truncate(aliased_name)}_#{aliases[aliased_name]}"
+          else
+            aliased_name
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+        def initial_count_for(name)
+          return 0 if Arel::Table === table_joins
+
+          # quoted_name should be downcased as some database adapters (Oracle) return quoted name in uppercase
+          quoted_name = connection.quote_table_name(name).downcase
+
+          counts = table_joins.map do |join|
+            if join.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::StringJoin)
+              # Table names + table aliases
+              join.left.downcase.scan(
+                /join(?:\s+\w+)?\s+(\S+\s+)?#{quoted_name}\son/
+              ).size
+            else
+              join.left.table_name == name ? 1 : 0
+            end
+          end
+
+          counts.sum
+        end
+
+        def truncate(name)
+          name.slice(0, connection.table_alias_length - 2)
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Associations
+    # = Active Record Associations
+    #
+    # This is the root class of all associations ('+ Foo' signifies an included module Foo):
+    #
+    #   Association
+    #     SingularAssociation
+    #       HasOneAssociation
+    #         HasOneThroughAssociation + ThroughAssociation
+    #       BelongsToAssociation
+    #         BelongsToPolymorphicAssociation
+    #     CollectionAssociation
+    #       HasAndBelongsToManyAssociation
+    #       HasManyAssociation
+    #         HasManyThroughAssociation + ThroughAssociation
+    class Association #:nodoc:
+      attr_reader :owner, :target, :reflection
+
+      delegate :options, :to => :reflection
+
+      def initialize(owner, reflection)
+        reflection.check_validity!
+
+        @target = nil
+        @owner, @reflection = owner, reflection
+        @updated = false
+
+        reset
+        reset_scope
+      end
+
+      # Returns the name of the table of the related class:
+      #
+      #   post.comments.aliased_table_name # => "comments"
+      #
+      def aliased_table_name
+        reflection.klass.table_name
+      end
+
+      # Resets the \loaded flag to +false+ and sets the \target to +nil+.
+      def reset
+        @loaded = false
+        IdentityMap.remove(target) if IdentityMap.enabled? && target
+        @target = nil
+        @stale_state = nil
+      end
+
+      # Reloads the \target and returns +self+ on success.
+      def reload
+        reset
+        reset_scope
+        load_target
+        self unless target.nil?
+      end
+
+      # Has the \target been already \loaded?
+      def loaded?
+        @loaded
+      end
+
+      # Asserts the \target has been loaded setting the \loaded flag to +true+.
+      def loaded!
+        @loaded      = true
+        @stale_state = stale_state
+      end
+
+      # The target is stale if the target no longer points to the record(s) that the
+      # relevant foreign_key(s) refers to. If stale, the association accessor method
+      # on the owner will reload the target. It's up to subclasses to implement the
+      # state_state method if relevant.
+      #
+      # Note that if the target has not been loaded, it is not considered stale.
+      def stale_target?
+        loaded? && @stale_state != stale_state
+      end
+
+      # Sets the target of this association to <tt>\target</tt>, and the \loaded flag to +true+.
+      def target=(target)
+        @target = target
+        loaded!
+      end
+
+      def scoped
+        target_scope.merge(association_scope)
+      end
+
+      # The scope for this association.
+      #
+      # Note that the association_scope is merged into the target_scope only when the
+      # scoped method is called. This is because at that point the call may be surrounded
+      # by scope.scoping { ... } or with_scope { ... } etc, which affects the scope which
+      # actually gets built.
+      def association_scope
+        if klass
+          @association_scope ||= AssociationScope.new(self).scope
+        end
+      end
+
+      def reset_scope
+        @association_scope = nil
+      end
+
+      # Set the inverse association, if possible
+      def set_inverse_instance(record)
+        if record && invertible_for?(record)
+          inverse = record.association(inverse_reflection_for(record).name)
+          inverse.target = owner
+        end
+      end
+
+      # This class of the target. belongs_to polymorphic overrides this to look at the
+      # polymorphic_type field on the owner.
+      def klass
+        reflection.klass
+      end
+
+      # Can be overridden (i.e. in ThroughAssociation) to merge in other scopes (i.e. the
+      # through association's scope)
+      def target_scope
+        klass.scoped
+      end
+
+      # Loads the \target if needed and returns it.
+      #
+      # This method is abstract in the sense that it relies on +find_target+,
+      # which is expected to be provided by descendants.
+      #
+      # If the \target is stale(the target no longer points to the record(s) that the
+      # relevant foreign_key(s) refers to.), force reload the \target.
+      #
+      # Otherwise if the \target is already \loaded it is just returned. Thus, you can
+      # call +load_target+ unconditionally to get the \target.
+      #
+      # ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound is rescued within the method, and it is
+      # not reraised. The proxy is \reset and +nil+ is the return value.
+      def load_target
+        if (@stale_state && stale_target?) || find_target?
+          begin
+            if IdentityMap.enabled? && association_class && association_class.respond_to?(:base_class)
+              @target = IdentityMap.get(association_class, owner[reflection.foreign_key])
+            elsif @stale_state && stale_target?
+              @target = find_target
+            end
+          rescue NameError
+            nil
+          ensure
+            @target ||= find_target
+          end
+        end
+        loaded! unless loaded?
+        target
+      rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
+        reset
+      end
+
+      def interpolate(sql, record = nil)
+        if sql.respond_to?(:to_proc)
+          owner.send(:instance_exec, record, &sql)
+        else
+          sql
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+        def find_target?
+          !loaded? && (!owner.new_record? || foreign_key_present?) && klass
+        end
+
+        def creation_attributes
+          attributes = {}
+
+          if reflection.macro.in?([:has_one, :has_many]) && !options[:through]
+            attributes[reflection.foreign_key] = owner[reflection.active_record_primary_key]
+
+            if reflection.options[:as]
+              attributes[reflection.type] = owner.class.base_class.name
+            end
+          end
+
+          attributes
+        end
+
+        # Sets the owner attributes on the given record
+        def set_owner_attributes(record)
+          creation_attributes.each { |key, value| record[key] = value }
+        end
+
+        # Should be true if there is a foreign key present on the owner which
+        # references the target. This is used to determine whether we can load
+        # the target if the owner is currently a new record (and therefore
+        # without a key).
+        #
+        # Currently implemented by belongs_to (vanilla and polymorphic) and
+        # has_one/has_many :through associations which go through a belongs_to
+        def foreign_key_present?
+          false
+        end
+
+        # Raises ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch unless +record+ is of
+        # the kind of the class of the associated objects. Meant to be used as
+        # a sanity check when you are about to assign an associated record.
+        def raise_on_type_mismatch(record)
+          unless record.is_a?(reflection.klass) || record.is_a?(reflection.class_name.constantize)
+            message = "#{reflection.class_name}(##{reflection.klass.object_id}) expected, got #{record.class}(##{record.class.object_id})"
+            raise ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch, message
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Can be redefined by subclasses, notably polymorphic belongs_to
+        # The record parameter is necessary to support polymorphic inverses as we must check for
+        # the association in the specific class of the record.
+        def inverse_reflection_for(record)
+          reflection.inverse_of
+        end
+
+        # Is this association invertible? Can be redefined by subclasses.
+        def invertible_for?(record)
+          inverse_reflection_for(record)
+        end
+
+        # This should be implemented to return the values of the relevant key(s) on the owner,
+        # so that when state_state is different from the value stored on the last find_target,
+        # the target is stale.
+        #
+        # This is only relevant to certain associations, which is why it returns nil by default.
+        def stale_state
+        end
+
+        def association_class
+          @reflection.klass
+        end
+
+        def build_record(attributes, options)
+          reflection.build_association(attributes, options) do |record|
+            skip_assign = [reflection.foreign_key, reflection.type].compact
+            attributes = create_scope.except(*(record.changed - skip_assign))
+            record.assign_attributes(attributes, :without_protection => true)
+          end
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end